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Journal articles on the topic 'Identification hybride'
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Damnjanovic, Jelena, Maja Vracarevic, Gordana Surlan-Momirovic, and Slaven Prodanovic. "Identification of donor lines for improving fruit yield of k 35 x k 12 eggplant hybrid." Genetika 36, no. 1 (2004): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0401061d.
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The aim of this study was to identify an eggplant donor line which possess the largest frequency of favourable alleles that control fruit yield. Such donor line should be used to improve the elite eggplant hybride K35 x K12. The fruit yield of the elite hybrid, its parents and their hybrids with three potential donor lines (K36/1, K11 and K22/2) was examined in a diallel set by means of field trials. The trials were set in a randomized block design in three replications. After the fruit yield had been measured, the modified method of evaluation of relative loci value according to Dudley (1987) was applied. Ali inbred lines expressed positive values of the ?G' parameter. The K11 inbred had the largest ?G' value (2.38) and, also, the lowest frequency of unfavourable alleles on the loci class D (1.33). It was established that the K11 inbred line was more related to the K35 parental inbred line (7.81). Consequently, on the basis of the ?D' values, improvement should be obtained by backcrossing the elite hybrid K35 x K11 to the donor inbred K11.
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Bénet, Nathalie, and Séverine Ventolini. "L’identification organisationnelle au sein des banques coopératives." Revue Française de Gestion 45, no. 280 (April 2019): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rfg.2019.00318.
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L’identité organisationnelle des banques coopératives est marquée par une identité multiple renvoyant à des logiques de marché et de solidarité a priori incompatibles. L’objectif de cet article1 est de comprendre comment se construit l’identification des individus dans ce contexte d’organisation hybride. À partir de l’étude de trois banques coopératives régionales, les auteurs mettent en lumière un processus complexe d’identification organisationnelle et une typologie des facteurs individuels et organisationnels qui favorisent cette identification.
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Uehara, Taketo, Atsuhiko Kushida, and Yoji Momota. "Rapid and sensitive identification of Pratylenchus spp. using reverse dot blot hybridization." Nematology 1, no. 5 (1999): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508441.
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AbstractA reverse dot blot assay for identification of Pratylenchus spp. has been developed using specific oligonucleotides designed from the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The reverse dot blot is a technique which can be especially used for the simultaneous identification of various bacteria. The target fragment was amplified, and labelled with digoxigenine by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified fragment was hybridised with the membrane-immobilised oligonucleotide and the hybridization was detected non-radioactively. By this assay, it was possible to identify P. penetrans, P. coffeae, P. vulnus, P. loosi, P. brachyurus, P. crenatus and P. zeae in a single hybridization. Identification rapide et fiable de Pratylenchus spp. a l'aide de l'hybridation retro dot blot - Une technique retro dot blot pour l'identification de Pratylenchus spp. a ete mise au point en utilisant des oligonucleotides specifiques derives de la sequence de l'espaceur transcrit interne (ITS). La technique dot blot est une technique qui peut etre specialement utilisee pour l'identification simultanee de nombreuses bacteries. Le fragment cible a ete amplifie et marque par la digoxigenine a l'aide de la reaction de polymerisation en chaine (PCR). Le fragment amplifie a ete hybride avec l'oligonucleotide immobilise par membrane et l'hybridation detectee non-radioactivement. Grace a cette technique, il a ete possible d'identifier P. penetrans, P. coffeae, P. vulnus, P. loosi, P. brachyurus, P. crenatus et P. zeae en une seule hybridation.
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STONIČ, DAVID. "PREDSTAVITEV MODELA ZA PREPOZNAVANJE HIBRIDNIH GROŽENJ." 20 YEARS OF CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES/20 LET SODOBNIH VOJAŠKIH IZZIVOV, VOLUME 2018, ISSUE 20/4 (October 15, 2018): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.20.4.5.
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Povzetek V spremenjenem varnostnem okolju moramo razviti ustrezne koncepte in orodja za pravočasno prepoznavanje in opredelitev hibridnih groženj, da bi se lahko uspešno odzvali. Oblikovali smo model, ki grožnje poveže z akterjem. Ovrednoteni obveščevalni podatki so vstopne informacije v izdelan model za ocenjevanje hibridne ogroženosti nacionalne varnosti. Izhodna informacija je identificirana hibridna grožnja. Ob izpolnitvi pogoja hibridne ogroženosti lahko nacionalnovarnostni sistem začne izvajati ukrepe, ki bi zmanjšali zmožnosti delovanja hibridnega akterja. Zavedanje o obstoju hibridnih groženj in njihovo identificiranje bo spodbudilo odločevalce v nacionalnovarnostnem sistemu, da bodo zagotovili ustrezno hibridno odpornost države, saj je primarna odgovornost za spoprijemanje s hibridnimi grožnjami predvsem odgovornost države. Nujen je celostni vladni pristop v povezavi z Evropsko unijo in Severnoatlantskim zavezništvom. Ključne besede: hibridne grožnje, indikatorji konvencionalnega ogrožanja, indikatorji nekonvencionalnega ogrožanja. Abstract In the changed security environment, we have to be able to develop appropriate concepts and tools for timely identification and definition of hybrid threats. We have developed a model, which relates threats with actors. The evaluated intelligence then serves as input information for the national security hybrid threat evaluation model. The output information is an identified hybrid threat. When a hybrid threat is identified, the national security system can take adequate measures to hinder the operational ability of hybrid actors. The awareness of hybrid threats and their identification will encourage decision makers in the national security system to ensure adequate hybrid resilience of the country, since countering hybrid threats is a state’s primary responsibility, which requires a comprehensive governmental approach in cooperation with the European Union and the North Atlantic Alliance. Key words: Hybrid threats, conventional threat indicators, unconventional threat indicators
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Polák, J., and I. Oukropec. "Identification of interspecific peach and Prunus sp. hybrids resistant to Plum pox virus infection." Plant Protection Science 46, No. 4 (December 14, 2010): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11/2010-pps.
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Interspecific hybrids of Prunus persica, Barier, Fire, Cadaman, GF-677, and Prunus sp. hybrids and selections, MRS, NBS 540-73, and Pumiselect were evaluated for resistance to Plum pox virus. Hybrids were grafted onto trees of a peach cultivar artificially infected with PPV and evaluated for six years for resistance to the virus. The relative concentration of PPV protein was determined by semiquantitative ELISA in June every year. The presence of PPV in peach hybrids was confirmed by IC-RT-PCR in 2007–2008. The presence and intensity of PPV symptoms were evaluated monthly from May to September. The hybrid GF-677 (P. amygdalus × P. persica) was confirmed as highly resistant to PPV. Hybrids Cadaman (P. davidiana × P. persica) and Fire (P. amygdalus × P. persica) were characterized as resistant to PPV. Hybrids GF-677, Cadaman and Fire were selected as candidate sources of resistance to be crossed with peach cultivars susceptible to PPV.
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Hairmansis, A., Hajrial Aswidinnoor, Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas, and Suwarno Suwarno. "IDENTIFICATION OF WIDE COMPATIBILITY VARIETIES IN SOME TROPICAL JAPONICA RICE." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 6, no. 1 (July 23, 2013): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v6n1.2005.28-31.
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The F1 hybrid sterility in indica/japonica crosses is the major barrier in developing hybrid rice varieties between these two diverse germplasm. The sterility problem in japonica/indica hybrids can be overcome by using wide compatibility genes. The objective of this study was to identify wide compatibility varieties (WCVs) in some tropical japonica rice. Twenty five tropical japonica varieties as male parents were crossed with indica (IR64) and japonica (Akitakomachi) testers as female parents. The crosses were planted following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Varieties having average spikelet fertility of more than 70% with both the indica and japonica testers were rated as WCVs. Result from this study showed that six tropical japonica varieties were classified as WCVs, i.e., Cabacu, Grogol, Kencana Bali, Klemas, Lampung Lawer, and Napa. Hybrid sterility is caused by partial sterility of male and female gametes. The WCVs from the present study can be used in hybrid rice breeding program to solve hybrid sterility in indica/japonica hybrids.
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Hairmansis, A., Hajrial Aswidinnoor, Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas, and Suwarno Suwarno. "IDENTIFICATION OF WIDE COMPATIBILITY VARIETIES IN SOME TROPICAL JAPONICA RICE." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 6, no. 1 (July 23, 2013): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v6n1.2005.p28-31.
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The F1 hybrid sterility in indica/japonica crosses is the major barrier in developing hybrid rice varieties between these two diverse germplasm. The sterility problem in japonica/indica hybrids can be overcome by using wide compatibility genes. The objective of this study was to identify wide compatibility varieties (WCVs) in some tropical japonica rice. Twenty five tropical japonica varieties as male parents were crossed with indica (IR64) and japonica (Akitakomachi) testers as female parents. The crosses were planted following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Varieties having average spikelet fertility of more than 70% with both the indica and japonica testers were rated as WCVs. Result from this study showed that six tropical japonica varieties were classified as WCVs, i.e., Cabacu, Grogol, Kencana Bali, Klemas, Lampung Lawer, and Napa. Hybrid sterility is caused by partial sterility of male and female gametes. The WCVs from the present study can be used in hybrid rice breeding program to solve hybrid sterility in indica/japonica hybrids.
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Evans, G. M., and Taing Aung. "Identification of a diploidizing genotype of Lolium multiflorum." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-074.
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Thirty diploid populations of Lolium multiflorum were screened for genes that were capable of modifying meiosis in species hybrids. A standard genotype of L. temulentum was used as the tester species. Modified pairing at first metaphase of meiosis was identified in some of the hybrid progeny of a single plant from a population from Uruguay and also in one from Portugal. Evidence is presented to show that the high incidence of univalents in diploid hybrids of L. temulentum × L. multiflorum from Uruguay was due to the suppression of homoeologous chromosome association only. A proportion of equivalent triploid and tetraploid hybrids had an excess of bivalents at first metaphase of meiosis. This was confirmed by comparison of the observed meiotic data with that expected from three separate mathematical models. It is concluded that this single plant from the Uruguayan population was heterozygous for genes that suppress chiasmate association of homoeologous chromosomes.Key words: interspecific hybrid, Lolium, chromosome pairing.
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Vaini, Jussara Oliveira, Alexéia Barufatti Grisolia, Fernanda Dotti do Prado, and Fábio Porto-Foresti. "Genetic identification of interspecific hybrid of Neotropical catfish species (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans vs. Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) in rivers of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 12, no. 3 (June 23, 2014): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130169.
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Hybrids of the species Pseudoplatystoma corruscansvs.Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum are extensively traded because they are more docile and precocious compared to their parents. This study aimed to identify the occurrence of hybrid 'Surubim' in rivers of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, applying molecular techniques. Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum and hybrid 'Surubim' were detected using multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP in RAG2, GLOBIN, EF1α, 18S rRNA nuclear genes, and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. The results revealed the presence of F1 hybrids in rivers and the occurrence of genetic introgression, evidenced by the Post-F1 hybrids. Furthermore, discrepancies between the morphological and genetic identification were observed, demonstrating the effectiveness of using different molecular markers for the correct identification of these hybrids. The necessity of implementation of management and conservation projects to maintain the genetic integrity of native species populations threatened by hybridization in the rivers of Mato Grosso do Sul State is evident.
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Ahmad, Faraidoon H., and Aree A. Mohammed. "Hybrid Wavelet and Discrete Cosine Transform Methods for Ethnicity Identification." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 17, no. 1 (December 10, 2014): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10366.
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Zhang, Jianhua, and Miller B. McDonald. "Varietal Identification of Cyclamen and Petunia Seeds Using RAPDs." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 574d—574. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.574d.
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Varietal identification of cyclamen and petunia is important for flower seed production because these crops are marketed as hybrids and genetic purity determinations assure the purity of the seed lot and the success of hybridization. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns have been shown to be useful in identifying genotypes of various crops. This molecular biology technique was applied to five commercial cyclamen and six petunia hybrids. Using bulk seed/seedling samples, the varieties could be differentiated. However, when individual seeds of the cyclamen hybrid were tested, differing polymorphisms were observed. These variations were attributed to genetic variability in the inbred parents. We conclude that the genetic purity of cyclamen seeds can be improved and that the use of RAPDs can assist breeders of hybrid flowering crops in better monitoring seed quality.
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Nascimento, Romilda Rodrigues do, Ricardo Loiola Edvan, José Morais Pereira Filho, José Avelino Santos Rodrigues, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Alex Lopes da Silva, Keuven dos Santos Nascimento, and Caio Oliveira Santos. "Identification of sorghum hybrids for silage production in the semiarid (BSh) region of northeastern Brazil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 6 (September 19, 2020): 2803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6p2803.
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The objective of this study was to identify the hybrids of sorghum most suitable for the production of silage in the semiarid regions of northeastern Brazil. Twenty-three hybrids were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replicates. The dry mass yield; dry mass of leaf, stem, panicle, grains, and senescent matter; and chemical composition of the plant were evaluated. The pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), and chemical composition of the silage were also assessed. The hybrids 947252, FEPAGRO 18, 12F042226, and SF 11 performed best in terms of morphological characteristics, with the highest mass of leaves and grains. The hybrid FEPAGRO 19 had the highest dry matter value (443.3 ± 17.0 g kg-1), whereas the hybrid 12F042496 had the lowest value (271.3 ± 17.0 g kg-1). The dry matter (DM) content of the other hybrids was within the recommended values for silage production (280 to 400 g kg-1). High levels of crude protein were observed in the grouped hybrids 12F042496, 947254, and 12F042422. The hybrid 12F042496 had the highest neutral detergent fiber content. The hybrids 9929036, 9929030, 9929012, 947254, 947072, PROG 134 IPA, 12F042226, 12F042422, and BRS 506 had pH values ranging between 3.8 and 4.2, indicating good quality silage. Overall, the sorghum hybrids 9929030, 12F042224, 12F042150, FEPAGRO19, and FEPAGRO11 had the best growth and production characteristics, and plant and silage chemical composition, and are thus recommended for the production of silage in the semiarid of northeastern Brazil.
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Toews, David P. L., Gunnar R. Kramer, Andrew W. Jones, Courtney L. Brennan, Benjamin E. Cloud, David E. Andersen, Irby J. Lovette, and Henry Streby. "Genomic identification of intergeneric hybrids in New World wood-warblers (Aves: Parulidae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa085.
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Abstract The documentation of hybrids between distantly related taxa can illustrate an initial step to explain how genes might move between species that do not exhibit complete reproductive isolation. In birds, some of the most phylogenetically distant hybrid combinations occur between genera. Traditionally, morphological and plumage characters have been used to assign the identity of the parental species of a putative hybrid, although recently, nuclear introns also have been used. Here, we demonstrate how high-throughput short-read DNA sequence data can be used to identify the parentage of a putative intergeneric hybrid, in this case between a blue-winged warbler (Vermivora cyanoptera) and a cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerulea). This hybrid had mitochondrial DNA of a cerulean warbler, indicating the maternal parent. For hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms within six regions of the nuclear genome that differentiate blue-winged warblers and golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera), the hybrid had roughly equal ancestry assignment to blue-winged and cerulean warblers, suggesting a blue-winged warbler as the paternal parent species and demonstrating that this was a first generation (F1) hybrid between these species. Unlike other recently characterized intergeneric warbler hybrids, this individual hybrid learned to song match its maternal parent species, suggesting that it might have been the result of an extra-pair mating and raised in a cerulean warbler nest.
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Marchenko, Аlexander M., and Yulia A. Kuzovkina. "Identification of hybrid formulae of a few willows (Salix) using ovule numbers." Silvae Genetica 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2021-0006.
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Abstract Salix is a genus of considerable taxonomic complexity, and accurate identification of its species and hybrids is not always possible. Quantification of ovules was used in this study to verify the parentage of a few hybrids of Salix. It has been shown that ovule numbers in willow hybrids are the mean of the ovule numbers of their parents. The ovule index of a prostrate specimen of S. ×cottetii affirmed that this was a hybrid of S. myrsinifolia Salisb. and S. retusa L., and the ovule index of the ornamental cultivar ‘The Hague’ affirmed that this was a hybrid of S. caprea L. and S. gracilistyla Miq. Finally, we also examined a confusing group, previously identified in North America as S. pentandra. The ovule indexes and other morphological characters indicated that there were four taxa among the studied specimens: S. pentandra, S. ×meyeriana, S. serissima Fernald, and a hybrid of S. serissima and S. fragilis that has not previously been described. It was concluded that quantification of ovules in willows is a reliable tool that can be used in willow taxonomy, genetics and population studies.
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Goes, Caio Augusto Gomes, Sandro Natal Daniel, Lucas Henrique Piva, George Shigueki Yasui, Roberto Ferreira Artoni, Diogo Teruo Hashimoto, Fausto Foresti, and Fabio Porto-Foresti. "Cytogenetic markers as a tool for characterization of hybrids of Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 and Hyphessobrycon Eigenmann, 1907." Comparative Cytogenetics 14, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v14i2.49513.
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Astyanax Baird et Girard, 1854, is one of the largest genera in the family Characidae and comprises 177 valid species. This genus has been the focus of cytogenetic studies primarily owing to the presence of B chromosomes and high karyotypic diversity among different populations. The intense genetic variability in Astyanax is one of the factors responsible for the occurrence of species complexes, which are groups (1) with certain difficulties in establishing common genetic pools or (2) belonging to different cryptic species. To evaluate cytogenetic marker inheritance and the possibility of the identification of these hybrids, this study aimed to describe cytogenetic hybrids from three strains of species of the genera Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon Eigenmann, 1908. A. lacustris Lütken, 1875, A. schubarti Britski, 1964, A. fasciatus Cuvier, 1819, and H. anisitsi Eigenmann, 1907 were used to generate three hybrid lineages. The diploid number, heterochromatin sites, and ribosomal genes (18S and 5S rDNA) of the parental strains and the hybrids were analyzed. The results indicated that the three hybrid lineages had cytogenetic markers of both parents, presenting Mendelian inheritance. However, differences in distribution of heterochromatic blocks were observed between the hybrids and the parent strains. Our results allowed the identification of the hybrid strains based on the cytogenetic markers applied, reinforcing the efficiency of cytogenetic markers as tools for identification and indicating that such events may increase the karyotypic diversity in the genera Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon.
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Goes, Caio Augusto Gomes, Sandro Natal Daniel, Lucas Henrique Piva, George Shigueki Yasui, Roberto Ferreira Artoni, Diogo Teruo Hashimoto, Fausto Foresti, and Fábio Porto-Foresti. "Corrigenda: Cytogenetic markers as a tool for characterization of hybrids of Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 and Hyphessobrycon Eigenmann, 1907. Comparative Cytogenetics 14(2): 231–242. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i2.49513." Comparative Cytogenetics 14, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v14i4.56080.
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Astyanax Baird et Girard, 1854, is one of the largest genera in the family Characidae and comprises 177 valid species. This genus has been the focus of cytogenetic studies primarily owing to the presence of B chromosomes and high karyotypic diversity among different populations. The intense genetic variability in Astyanax is one of the factors responsible for the occurrence of species complexes, which are groups (1) with certain difficulties in establishing common genetic pools or (2) belonging to different cryptic species. To evaluate cytogenetic marker inheritance and the possibility of the identification of these hybrids, this study aimed to describe cytogenetic hybrids from three strains of species of the genera Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon Eigenmann, 1908. A. lacustris Lütken, 1875, A. schubarti Britski, 1964, A. fasciatus Cuvier, 1819, and H. anisitsi Eigenmann, 1907 were used to generate three hybrid lineages. The diploid number, heterochromatin sites, and ribosomal genes (18S and 5S rDNA) of the parental strains and the hybrids were analyzed. The results indicated that the three hybrid lineages had cytogenetic markers of both parents, presenting Mendelian inheritance. However, differences in distribution of heterochromatic blocks were observed between the hybrids and the parent strains. Our results allowed the identification of the hybrid strains based on the cytogenetic markers applied, reinforcing the efficiency of cytogenetic markers as tools for identification and indicating that such events may increase the karyotypic diversity in the genera Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon.
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Poudel, Barsha, Simon R. Ellwood, Alison C. Testa, Mark McLean, Mark W. Sutherland, and Anke Martin. "Rare Pyrenophora teres Hybridization Events Revealed by Development of Sequence-Specific PCR Markers." Phytopathology® 107, no. 7 (July 2017): 878–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-16-0396-r.
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Pyrenophora teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata cause net form and spot form, respectively, of net blotch on barley (Hordeum vulgare). The two forms reproduce sexually, producing hybrids with genetic and pathogenic variability. Phenotypic identification of hybrids is challenging because lesions induced by hybrids on host plants resemble lesions induced by either P. teres f. teres or P. teres f. maculata. In this study, 12 sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction markers were developed based on expressed regions spread across the genome. The primers were validated using 210 P. teres isolates, 2 putative field hybrids (WAC10721 and SNB172), 50 laboratory-produced hybrids, and 7 isolates collected from barley grass (H. leporinum). The sequence-specific markers confirmed isolate WAC10721 as a hybrid. Only four P. teres f. teres markers amplified on DNA of barley grass isolates. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers suggested that P. teres barley grass isolates are genetically different from P. teres barley isolates and that the second putative hybrid (SNB172) is a barley grass isolate. We developed a suite of markers which clearly distinguish the two forms of P. teres and enable unambiguous identification of hybrids.
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Ju-Fen, Li, Ma Guo-Bin, and Xu Ling. "SSR markers for identification of purity of melon hybrids." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 5, no. 3 (December 2008): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147923620800243x.
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AbstractThe hybrid purity of melon (Cucumis melo L.) was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in two F1 melon hybrids (‘Dongfangmi 1’ and ‘Dongfangmi 2’) and their parental lines. Twelve pairs of SSR primers for ‘Dongfangmi 1’ and three pairs for ‘Dongfangmi 2’ were selected. Results showed that self-inbred seeds were effectively distinguished from F1 hybrid seeds using these SSR primers, a finding that was consistent with the results recorded from field tests. ‘Dongfangmi 1’ and ‘Dongfangmi 2’ were identified from their parental lines, and seven other uterine hybrid lines by multiplex primers MS48+MS60 and MS4+MS20, respectively. Contamination of F1 hybrid seeds caused by self-inbred and other unknown pollens can be effectively and more reliably detected by PCR assays with multiplex SSR primers.
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Ramírez, Manuel, Francisco Peréz, and José A. Regodón. "A Simple and Reliable Method for Hybridization of Homothallic Wine Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 5039–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.5039-5041.1998.
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ABSTRACT A procedure was developed for the hybridization and improvement of homothallic industrial wine yeasts. Killer cycloheximide-sensitive strains were crossed with killer-sensitive cycloheximide-resistant strains to get killer cycloheximide-resistant hybrids, thereby enabling hybrid selection and identification. This procedure also allows backcrossing of spore colonies from the hybrids with parental strains.
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Contreras Pacheco, Orlando E., and Juan C. Lesmez Peralta. "El rol mediador de la identificación organizacional: compartir conocimiento en ambientes híbridos." Suma de Negocios 9, no. 20 (July 2, 2018): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14349/sumneg/2018.v9.n20.a7.
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Brooks, Sylvia J., and Paul M. Lyrene. "Derivatives of Vaccinium arboreum × Vaccinium Section Cyanococcus: I. Morphological Characteristics." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123, no. 2 (March 1998): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.123.2.273.
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Morphological characteristics of many derivatives from Vaccinium arboreum Marsh × Vaccinium section Cyanococcus crosses were studied. The purpose of the study was to determine if V. arboreum traits were being inherited and expressed in hybrid progeny and to identify characteristics that would enable hybrid field identification. This study focused on the F1 hybrids of V. darrowi Camp × V. arboreum (F1 hybrids) and the open-pollinated progeny of the F1 hybrids [mother is known (MIK)]. Also included in the study were the parents: V. darrowi, V. arboreum, and V. corymbosum L. (pollen parent of the MIKs). Many leaf, flower, and fruit characteristics were measured for all five taxa. Leaf characteristics included length, width, and presence or absence of stalked glands, pubescence, and marginal bump glands. The floral characteristics measured were corolla length and width, corolla aperture, pedicel length, peduncle length, bracteole length and width, and the presence or absence of anther awns and bracteoles. Berry and seed mass were the fruit characteristics investigated. Four unique V. arboreum traits were found to be expressed in the F1 and MIK hybrid populations. These were the presence of anther awns, large seed size, bracteole shape, and marginal glands. These traits should permit field identification of hybrid plants.
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Kagnou, Hèzouwè, Oudjaniyobi Simalou, Gneiny Whad Tchani, Sabrina Sanvee, Kokou Agbékonyi Agbodan, Outéndé Toundou, and Kafui Kpegba. "Etude phytochimique et activité antioxydante comparatives des trois variétés de Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 6 (October 7, 2020): 2352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i6.33.
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Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, est une plante médicinale largement utilisée en tradithérapie contre le diabète, l’hypertension, le cancer et les effets du stress oxydatif. Elle existe en trois variétés ("rosea", "alba" et "hybride") selon la couleur des fleurs. L’étude actuelle porte sur le criblage phytochimique et l’activité antioxydante in vitro (DPPH et FRAP) de l’extrait hydro-éthanolique des trois variétés. Les tests ont été effectués sur les extraits des feuilles, fleurs et racines. On a noté la présence des alcaloïdes, phénols, flavonoïdes, tanins, saponines, stérols, terpènes et quinines. Cependant, l’absence des sucres réducteurs, des flavonoïdes et des saponines dans les racines ainsi que les quinines dans les feuilles a été relevée. L'analyse comparative par piégeage du radical DPPH a montré que les extraits des fleurs et racines de l’hybride étaient plus actifs, respectivement de 130,023±3,2 et 131,189±1,8 mg EqQ/g. Une tendance différente a été observée dans les extraits des feuilles où la meilleure valeur DPPH de 65,746±2,5 mg EqQ/g est attribuée à "rosea" alors que celle du FRAP de 139,935±2,57 mg EqAA/g provient de "alba". Ces résultats devraient encourager la poursuite des travaux sur l'identification et la caractérisation de nouveaux composés bioactifs sélectivement abondant pour une meilleure valorisation de Catharanthus roseus sur le plan de phytomédicaments.Mots clés : Catharanthus roseus, variétés, criblage phytochimique, antioxydant.
English Title: Phytochemical study and comparative antioxidant activity of the three varieties of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. DonCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, is a medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and effects of oxidative stress. C. roseus exists in three varieties ("rosea", "alba" and "hybrid") depending on the colour of the flowers. This study focused on phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) of the hydro-ethanol extract of the three varieties. The tests were carried out on leaves, flowers, and roots extracts. The presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, sterols, terpenes, and quinines were noted. However, the absence of reducing sugars, flavonoids, and saponins in the roots and quinines in the leaves was observed. Comparative analysis of DPPH radical scavenging showed that extracts from the flowers and roots of the hybrid were more active, respectively at 130.023±3.2 and 131.189±1.8 mg EqQ/g. FRAP values of the same samples were 175.166± 9.28 and 121.311±7.8 mg EqAA/g dry matter. For the leaves, the best DPPH value of 65.746±2.5 mg EqQ/g was attributed to "rosea" while the FRAP value of 139.935±2.57 mg EqAA/g was for "alba". These interesting antioxidant activities of the "hybrid" variety may be useful against oxidative stress pathologies. The current study might then promote the continuing identification and characterization of new bioactive compounds for a development of Catharanthus roseus.Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, varieties, phytochemical screening, antioxidant.
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Trucco, Federico, Tatiana Tatum, Kenneth R. Robertson, A. Lane Rayburn, and Patrick J. Tranel. "Characterization of Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) × Smooth Pigweed (A. hybridus) F1Hybrids." Weed Technology 20, no. 1 (March 2006): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-018r.1.
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In the state of Illinois, waterhemp and smooth pigweed are among the worst agricultural weeds. Previous research shows high potential for hybridization between these two species. However, the actual occurrence of hybrids in natural settings is still uncertain. Morphological similarity between hybrids and waterhemp makes field surveys of hybrids difficult to conduct. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the morphology of waterhemp × smooth pigweed F1hybrids, emphasizing evaluation of characters that may allow for hybrid discrimination in fieldAmaranthuscommunities. Concurrently, the study characterized hybrid reproductive fitness, chromosome number, and DNA content. To accomplish this, hybrids were obtained from field crosses. A species-specific polymorphism in theALSgene was used to verify hybrid identity. Significant differences (α = 0.05) between hybrids and individuals of the parental species were observed for five staminate and five carpellate characters. Of these, five characters differentiated hybrids from waterhemp. However, clustering analyses using these characters indicated that morphological differences were not reliable enough, by themselves, for unambiguous hybrid identification. Also, hybrid homoploidy (2n= 32) with respect to parental species excluded chromosome counts in hybridity determinations. However, DNA content analysis may be used for such purpose. Hybrids had an average of 1.21 pg of DNA per 2C nucleus, a value intermediate to that of parental species. Hybrids produced 3.3 or 0.7% the seed output of parental and sibling waterhemp individuals, respectively. Percent micropollen in hybrids was 95-times greater than in parental species. Hybrid sterility appears to be the most reliable feature for hybrid discrimination when conducting field surveys. However, molecular and cytogenetic analyses as employed in this study may be desired for ultimate identity corroboration.
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Srijan, A., S. Sudheer Kumar, Ch Damodar Raju, and R. Jagadeeshwar. "Heterosis studies in rice for the identification of better hybrids for Telangana, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.771.
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In the present study, 23 elite rice genotypes were test crossed with IR 58025A and based on which, 12 restorer lines viz., Rajendra, MTU 1010, IR 64, KNM 118, NLR 33358, Satya, Varalu, RNR 15048, RNR 15038, Tel- lahamsa, RNR(RK) 28 and RNR(RK) 53 were identified during Kharif- Rabi 2013-14. Then, three CMS lines viz., IR 58025A, IR 68902A and IR 72081A were crossed with these identified 12 restorer lines to produce 36 hybrids in line × tester mating design and were evaluated along with standard hybrid check, PA 6129 at Rice Research Centre, Rajendranagar, during Kharif 2014 to find out the best heterotic combinations in terms of grain yield and yield component characters. The degree of heterosis varied from trait to trait. Out of 36 hybrids studied, the significant standard heterosis for grain yield is observed in 3 hybrids, over best check PA 6129, viz., IR 58025A × MTU 1010 (18.25), IR 68902A × RNR 15038 (14.59) and IR 72081A × RNR 15038 (9.57). The best experimental hybrid IR58025A × MTU 1010 recorded average heterosis (78.26) and heterobeltiosis (64.37). These three experimental hybrids can be further evaluated over locations for large scale commercialization in Telangana.
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Bora, G. C., G. N. Hazarika, and P. Talukdar. "AAUOKHYB -1 : An excellent Okra hybrid developed by Assam Agricultural University (AAU) suitable for diverse agro-climatic situation of North East India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1763.
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A hybrid development programme on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was undertaken at the Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Jorhat. The work included collection and evaluation of okra germplasm, identification of parents for hybridization, selfing of identified parental lines, making crosses and production of hybrid seeds, testing of hybrids for yield and resistance to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) disease, adaptability under diverse agro-climatic condition and testing in all India trials. The programme resulted in development and identification of excellent Okra hybrid AAUOKHYB-1 in 2017. The performance of the hybrid was very good under diverse agro-climatic conditions yielding about 162.0 q/ha fruit yield which is 32.5% higher than the best commercial check Arka Anamika. The hybrid showed resistant (R) reaction to YVMV disease. A wide range of heterosis upto 43% was exhibited by the hybrid in different vegetable research centers of the country as compared to the best check variety.
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Hekkala, Evon R., Steven G. Platt, John B. Thorbjarnarson, Thomas R. Rainwater, Michael Tessler, Seth W. Cunningham, Christopher Twomey, and George Amato. "Integrating molecular, phenotypic and environmental data to elucidate patterns of crocodile hybridization in Belize." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 9 (September 2015): 150409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150409.
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The genus Crocodylus comprises 12 currently recognized species, many of which can be difficult to differentiate phenotypically. Interspecific hybridization among crocodiles is known to occur in captivity and has been documented between some species in the wild. The identification of hybrid individuals is of importance for management and monitoring of crocodilians, many of which are Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) listed. In this study, both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers were evaluated for their use in confirming a suspected hybrid zone between American crocodile ( Crocodylus acutus ) and Morelet’s crocodile ( Crocodylus moreletii ) populations in southern Belize where individuals and nests exhibiting atypical phenotypic features had previously been observed. Patterns observed in both phenotypic and molecular data indicate possible behavioural and ecological characteristics associated with hybridization events. The results of the combined analyses found that the majority of suspected hybrid samples represent crosses between female C. acutus and male C. moreletii . Phenotypic data could statistically identify hybrids, although morphological overlap between hybrids and C. moreletii reduced reliability of identification based solely on field characters. Ecologically, C. acutus was exclusively found in saline waters, whereas hybrids and C. moreletii were largely absent in these conditions. A hypothesized correlation between unidirectional hybridization and destruction of C. acutus breeding habitats warrants additional research.
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Nicoli, Alessandro, Laércio Zambolim, Rodrigo Veras da Costa, Lauro José Moreira Guimarães, Fabrício Eustáquio Lanza, Dagma Dionísia da Silva, and Luciano Viana Cota. "Identification of sources of resistance to anthracnose stalk rot in maize." Ciência Rural 46, no. 11 (August 15, 2016): 1885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151052.
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ABSTRACT: Adoption of resistant cultivars is the primary measure used to control anthracnose stalk rot. The goal of this study was to identify maize-resistant genotypes to anthracnose stalk rot, which are similar to the hybrid 2B710. Experiments were performed at Embrapa Maize and Sorghum experimental fields in Brazil. The first experimental trial evaluated 234 maize lines as well as two commercials hybrids, BRS1010 (susceptible) and 2B710 (resistant). Artificial inoculations were performed with a strain at the blister (R2) phase, and evaluation of disease severity was performed after 30 days. The second experimental trial evaluated 48 maize lines and hybrids, inoculated with two Colletotrichum graminicola strains. In the first trial, eight resistance groups were formed, and the last lines were more resistant, as was the hybrid 2B710, with values between 11.50% and 23.0% of severity. In the second trial, there was an interaction between the two factors, lines and isolates, and the lines often showed the same reaction features as those obtained in the first trial. However, the disease severity was higher for most lines, even when using other isolates. These lines with effective levels of resistance could be used in future studies of inheritance, in programs to develop hybrids, and to identify molecular markers associated with resistance to anthracnose stalk rot in maize.
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Kleindorfer, Sonia, and Rachael Y. Dudaniec. "Hybridization fluctuates with rainfall in Darwin’s tree finches." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa029.
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Abstract Hybridization in natural populations may be an adaptive response to shifting climatic regimes, but understanding this can be limited by the timing of sampling effort and confident identification of hybrids. On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin’s finches regularly hybridize; the islands also show extreme annual variation in rainfall, but the effect of annual rainfall on the frequency of finch hybridization is little known. Across a 20-year period on Floreana Island, we compare patterns of hybridization in sympatric Darwin’s tree finches (N = 425; Camaryhnchus spp.) and test for an effect of annual rainfall on (1) the frequency of hybrids (C. pauper × C. parvulus) and (2) the percentage of male hybrid birds produced per year (hybrid recruitment). Annual rainfall correlated with recruitment positively for hybrids, negatively for C. parvulus and not at all for C. pauper. Furthermore, the percentage of hybrids (range: 12–56%) and C. parvulus did not change with sampling year, but the critically endangered C. pauper declined. Our findings indicate that hybrid recruitment is recurring and variable according to annual rainfall in Camarhynchus Darwin’s finches.
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Shishir Tiwari, Shweta Sao, Antu Kurrey, and Pulak Das. "Isolation and Identification of Molecular Markers for Fingerprinting of Chilli Hybrids & its Parental Lines." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1883.
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Chilli (Capsicum annum) is the predominant sp., which is cultivated in both hot and sweet papers. The maintenance of the genetic purity of chilli plant is a matter of great concern for the breeders. For genetic purity analysis, between true hybrids and off-types, breeders find out morphological differences between them, but this technique is cannot be recognized easily and also costly, tedious to score, and environmentally sensitive. Alternatively, molecular markers based genetic purity analysis can be employed. The molecular marker-based technique was thus used to overcome the conventional method drawbacks. The main objective of the study is to identify informative molecular markers (ISSR and RAPD) capable of distinguishing Chilli hybrids and their parental lines and their utilization in seed purity assessment. Five parental lines of Chilli (i.eCH10, CH12, CH530, CH709, CH734) were used for the production of 3 hybrids. Total 30 ISSR and 8 RAPD primers were selected for the study of 5 parental lines, among them 2ISSR and 1 RAPD primers produced unique fingerprinting across the hybrids. The ISSR marker UBC815 amplified alleles specific to different parental lines(CH10 & CH12) for hybrids (ACH112), The ISSR marker UBC 827, amplified alleles specific to different parental lines(CH709 & CH12) for hybrids (ACH179). Likewise, RAPD primer B20 for hybrid ACH 753 and their parental lines(CH734 & CH530). Thus, the above study showed that the aid of molecular markers is more reliable, highly efficient, and reproducible for assessing fingerprinting of Chilli commercial hybrid seeds with more accuracy.
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Cardoso, Deisy Lúcia, Lucas Nunes da Luz, Celia Maria Peixoto de Macêdo, Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves, and Messias Gonzaga Pereira. "Heterosis in papaya: inter and intragroup analysis." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 36, no. 3 (September 2014): 610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-279/13.
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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a typical crop of tropical areas, and Brazil is one of the leading world producers. In recent decades, papaya culture has expanded to different regions of the country, but the number of cultivars available is still limited. In the present study, a complete diallel cross was carried out using eight accessions of papaya from the UENF/Caliman germplasm bank. Four genotypes belong to the Formosa heterotic group and four, to the Solo group. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and viability of exploring heterosis in heterotic intragroup hybrids. Fifty-six hybrid progenies were generated and evaluated. Among the Formosa intragroup hybrids, two hybrid combinations (MR x J4 and MR x SK) showed heterosis for all traits, as well as good average total fruit production. Among the Solo intragroup hybrids, three hybrid combinations (WM x GG, WM x SS and WM x SM) stand out for fruit production and high content of soluble solids. In Formosa x Solo hybrids, all hybrid combinations with the parent JS (JS x WM, JS x GG, JS x SS and JS x SM) showed high fruit quality and good average for fruit production. The heterotic profile of the hybrids tested allowed the identification of promising hybrids within Formosa and Solo heterotic groups. The analysis of the canonical variables also allowed the visualization of distinct groups of hybrids, depending on the provenance of the parents.
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Bialozyt, R., G. Rathmacher, M. Niggemann, and B. Ziegenhagen. "Reconstructing explicit mating schemes in poplar hybrids – a case study in the Populus nigra L. – Populus × canadensis Moench complex." Silvae Genetica 61, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2012): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2012-0020.
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Abstract In the plant kingdom, a large percentage of taxa are known to interbreed. If these hybrids are fertile, introgressive gene flow may foster the development of hybrid swarms or even promote gene swamping. Our study focuses on the Eurasian black poplar (Populus nigra L.) which may be threatened by hybridization with the cultivated fertile Euramerican hybrid. Using a combination of taxa specific DNA markers from the chloroplast and the nuclear genome we set up a straightforward and cost efficient method for identification of all possible mating scenarios in the hybrid complex of P. nigra and its cultivar Populus × canadensis Moench. Within a mixed population, we analyzed seed collections from individual trees of both taxa as well as juveniles from natural regeneration for proportions of second-generation hybrids (F2 hybrids) and first generation backcrosses. While F2 hybrids were detected in the seeds only, first generation backcrosses occurred in seeds as well as in juveniles. Due to the meiotic segregation of alleles, a certain amount of such progeny may remain undetected. Based on Mendelian rules, we developed a scheme to adjust the observed proportion of hybrid progeny for these undetected cases. Moreover, the scheme can be used to iteratively add loci necessary to detect poplar hybrids beyond the second hybrid and first generation backcrosses. We questioned whether there is a risk of hybrid swarm formation or swamping of the P. nigra gene pool. We discuss the likelihood of such a scenario and draw conclusions for conservation issues while poplar plantations are increasingly appreciated as renewable resources.
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Vancetovic, Jelena, Ljupcho Jankuloski, Sofija Bozinovic, and Dejan Dodig. "The effects of cytoplasmic male sterility and xenia on the chemical composition of maize grain." Genetika 41, no. 1 (2009): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0901095v.
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Sterile hybrids often outyield their fertile counterparts, especially if pollinated by a genetically unrelated pollinator. The combined effect of cms and xenia is referred to as the Plus-hybrid effect. The objective of this study was to determine the individual, as well as, combining effect of cms and xenia on the maize grain chemical composition. The percent of oil, protein and starch in the grain was also observed. Two sterile hybrids, their fertile counterparts and five fertile pollinator-hybrids were selected for the studies. The three-replicate trial set up according to the split-plot experimental design was performed at Zemun Polje in 2008. The obtained results show that the effects of cms on the oil percent was not significant in the studied hybrid ZP 341, while it increased at the significance level of P = 0.1 in the second observed hybrid ZP 360. The effect of this factor on the protein and starch percent was also significant (P = 0.01) in some hybrid combinations. Xenia effects on all three chemical parameters were significant (P = 0.01) in some hybrid combinations. The gained results indicate that the identification of a good combination of two hybrids, in which one would be a sterile female component, and the other a pollinator, would end up not only in the increased yield, but also in the improved maize grain quality.
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Jeyasekar, D. Joshua, Dr Arulselvi G, Vedanarayanan V, and Poornima D. "Bone Cancer Identification and Classification Using Hybrid Fuzzy Clustering With Deep Learning Classification." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 10-SPECIAL ISSUE (October 25, 2019): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11sp10/20192779.
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Heimler, Daniela, Andrea Pieroni, Lorenzo Mittempergher, and Pietro Buzzini. "The use of flavonoid glycosides for the identification of elm hybrids." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-081.
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The utilization of elm leaf flavonoids as biochemical markers for the identification of artificial and natural hybrids of elm species is discussed. Two to 11 individuals from controlled crosses of Ulmuscarpinifolia Gled., Ulmuspumila L., Ulmusparvifolia Jacq., and Ulmusjaponica (R.) Sarg. were examined. Five to seven individuals from each parental species, and a number of putative hybrids between U. carpinifolia and U. pumila that naturally occur in central and northern Italy, were also examined. Quantitative data on leaf flavonoid glycosides were obtained by means of high-performance thin layer chromatography and examined by multivariate discriminant analysis. The results show that it is possible to identify the hybrid obtained between these species even if the parents are unknown, provided a number of individuals of the parental species are examined; therefore, it is also possible to certify putative hybrids. The higher variability of the flavonoid glycoside data of U. carpinifolia and U. pumila and the probable presence of F2 generation individuals make the certification of natural hybrids between these two species in some cases difficult or even impossible.
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Johnson, Alexander A. T., and Richard E. Veilleux. "Use of Microsatellites for the Identification of Potato Somatic Hybrids." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 462a—462. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.462a.
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Somatic hybrid plants were obtained through protoplast fusion of monoploid potato. Of three separate fusions, two were interspecific between Solanum phureja and S. chacoense, whereas one was intraspecific between two S. phureja clones. Microsatellites, or SSRs, were employed to distinguish true somatic hybrids from somaclones of unfused protoplasts. Primers flanking eight different SSR loci obtained from GenBank accessions for potato were developed for PCR amplification. Microsatellites consisted of di-, tri-, and tetra-nucleotide repeat units that varied from 4 to 20 repeats per locus. The majority of microsatellites were highly polymorphic between the S. phureja and S. chacoense clones and the presence of both parental alleles in fusion regenerants indicated their interspecific hybrid nature. One interspecifc somatic hybrid could be identified at three of the four examined loci (two tri- and one di-nucleotide repeat loci). The parents were monomorphic at the remaining di-nucleotide repeat, thereby rendering it unsuitable for hybrid identification. A similar result was obtained for another interspecific hybrid, with four of five loci appearing polymorphic between the parents and in the somatic hybrid. Less polymorphism was observed between the parents of an intraspecific S. phureja somatic hybrid, with only one locus (a tetra-nucleotide repeat) of five examined showing polymorphism. Results indicate that SSRs are a consistent and reliable means for somatic hybrid identification in potato. In order to reduce the cost and time of maintaining numerous calluses through a lengthy tissue culture regeneration phase, a technique was developed to screen calluses prior to regeneration. Using SSRs and a rapid DNA extraction method, hybrid and nonhybrid calluses could be distinguished rapidly without adversely affecting subsequent regeneration of shoots from the callus.
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Warwick, S. I., B. K. Thompson, and L. D. Black. "Comparative growth response in Carduus nutans, C. acanthoides, and their F1 hybrids." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-215.
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The growth response of F1 hybrids relative to parental genotypes was compared in a natural hybridization system involving the diploid species Carduus acanthoides L. (2n = 22) and C. nutans L. (2n = 16). The data were used to test models of hybrid intermediacy, superiority, or greater similarity to a single parent in response to variable soil conditions and intra- and inter-genotypic competition. Progeny from paired reciprocal crosses between the two species were used in the experiments. In each of the half-sib families produced, the rapid and early identification of F1 hybrid genotypes and parental genotypes (resulting from selfing) was confirmed using allozyme markers (Pgi-2, Tpi-1, and Tpi-2). Growth of the F1 hybrids was better than C. nutans in poor soil, and both F1 hybrid and C. nutans genotypes produced significantly more dry weight than C. acanthoides in all soil treatments. F1 hybrids grew at least as well as the maternal parental species C. nutans and significantly better than C. acanthoides in the presence of intra- and inter-genotypic competitors. The F1 hybrid genotypes formed a more aggressive competitive environment than C. nutans, as evidenced by the growth of all three genotypes. These data primarily supported the model of greater hybrid similarity to one parental species rather than hybrid intermediacy, with evidence of hybrid superiority under certain extreme conditions.
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Hoch, W. A., E. L. Zeldin, J. Nienhuis, and B. H. McCown. "Generation and Identification of New Viburnum Hybrids." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 13, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-13.4.193.
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Abstract The controlled crossing of fragrant flowered viburnums (V. carlesii and its hybrids) with the hardier, rugose foliaged V. lantana is unattainable through traditional breeding methods due to incompatibilities within the developing seed. Hybrid plants from these crosses have now been obtained using embryo rescue techniques. Embryos were removed from developing seed 17 days following pollination and placed on WPM medium to promote continued maturation. Genotypes from two crosses, V. lantana ‘Mohican’ x V. carlesii ‘Aurora’ and V. lantana ‘Mohican’ x V. x juddii, were obtained and verified using RAPD markers. These plants are presently being evaluated for ornamental characteristics and cold hardiness.
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Kaur, Gurpreet, Brendan Zurweller, Peter Motavalli, and Kelly Nelson. "Screening Corn Hybrids for Soil Waterlogging Tolerance at an Early Growth Stage." Agriculture 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9020033.
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Identification of corn hybrids that can withstand wet soil conditions is one approach to prevent crop production losses from abiotic stress caused by excessive soil moisture during early spring season in the midwestern United States. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted in 2013 to screen and identify corn hybrids tolerant or susceptible to soil waterlogging at the V2 growth stage. The main plots included waterlogging durations: no waterlogging; 14-day waterlogging and then allowing recovery from waterlogging stress for 7 days; and 21-day waterlogging. Subplots included eight commercial corn hybrids. The shoot and root biomass, plant height, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll meter readings were decreased due to waterlogging for 14 days and 21 days. Hybrid #2 appeared to be more tolerant to waterlogging as evidenced by greater growth and higher stomatal conductance and chlorophyll meter readings on newer leaves under waterlogged conditions. Hybrid #5 and Hybrid #8 were more susceptible to waterlogging than other hybrids. Large variability occurred among corn hybrids in response to soil waterlogging durations. Beneficial effects of improved soil conditions after excess water removal from 14-day waterlogged pots were not seen in this experiment, probably due to the short recovery time period between the excess water removal and experiment termination.
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Keim, P., K. N. Paige, T. G. Whitham, and K. G. Lark. "Genetic analysis of an interspecific hybrid swarm of Populus: occurrence of unidirectional introgression." Genetics 123, no. 3 (November 1, 1989): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/123.3.557.
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Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to distinguish genotypes of two species of Populus, P. fremontii ('Fremont') and P. angustifolia ('narrowleaf'). Both inter- and intraspecific polymorphisms were detected in these cottonwood trees. The interspecific variation was much greater than the intraspecific variation. This permitted identification of parental genotypes within individual trees of a hybrid swarm which exists in an overlap zone between the two species. Within this hybrid swarm, individual trees are either F1 hybrids or backcrosses with a pure 'narrowleaf' parent; no progeny were found that could be attributed to crossing between F1 hybrid trees, or to backcrossing between F1 hybrid trees and 'Fremont'.
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Li, Fayuan, Xun Liu, Shengyan Wu, Qingyun Luo, and Bingjun Yu. "Hybrid identification for Glycine max and Glycine soja with SSR markers and analysis of salt tolerance." PeerJ 7 (February 19, 2019): e6483. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6483.
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Glycine max cultivars Lee68, Nannong 1138-2, and Nannong 8831 were used as the female parents, and hybrid lines (F5) 4,111, 4,076 (N23674 × BB52), 3,060 (Lee68 × N23227), and 185 (Jackson × BB52) that selected for salt tolerance generation by generation from the cross combination of G. max and G. soja were used as the male parents, 11 (A–K) backcrosses or three-way crosses were designed and 213 single hybrids were harvested. The optimized soybean simple sequence repeat (SSR)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was used to analyze the SSR polymorphism of above parental lines and get the parental co-dominant SSR markers for hybrid identification, and in which 30 true hybrids were gained. The true hybrids (G1, G3, G9, G12, G13, G16) of G cross combination were chosen as the representative for the salt tolerance test, and the results showed that, as exposed to salt stress, the seedlings of G9 line displayed higher salt tolerant coefficient, relative growth rate, and dry matter accumulation, when compared with their female parent Nannong 1138-2, and even performed equally strong salt tolerance as the male parent 3,060. It provides a feasible method of the combination of molecular SSR markers and simple physiological parameters to identify the true hybrids of G. max and G. soja, and to innovate the salt-tolerant soybean germplasms.
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Stepanov, Ilya, Ilnur Balapanov, and Anna Drygina. "Identification of Sakura interspecific hybrids in Prunus collections." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128502006.
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The use of IRAP and ISSR markers for the genetic analysis of Cerasus and Padus samples from the NCFRCHVW collection made it possible to establish the collection genetic structure and identify interspecific hybrids of cherry trees. Clustering of genotyped samples revealed 4 main clusters: 1) Bird cherry; 2) Cherries; 3) Interspecific hybrids of sakura; 4) Sakura. Most of the hybrid forms of sakura and cherries have formed a separate group, which is different from both sour and sweet cherry varieties, and from the classic sakura varieties. Also, some samples were identified that were assigned to groups that were not typical for them. These samples include the genotype of the Sibirskaya krasavitsa bird cherry, AI72 rootstock, Podbelskaya cherry, Polskaya sakura and ornamental cherry Rexii. In general, ISSR and IRAP markers have demonstrated their effectiveness as tools for genetic analysis of Prunus collections and identification of genotypes arising in the course of interspecific hybridization.
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SEROV, OLEG, NATALIA MATVEEVA, SERGEY KUZNETSOV, ELENA KAFTANOVSKAYA, and JOSANE MITTMANN. "Embryonic hybrid cells: a powerful tool for studying pluripotency and reprogramming of the differentiated cell chromosomes." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 73, no. 4 (December 2001): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652001000400009.
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The properties of embryonic hybrid cells obtained by fusion of embryonic stem (ES) or teratocarcinoma (TC) cells with differentiated cells are reviewed. Usually, ES-somatic or TC-somatic hybrids retain pluripotent capacity at high levels quite comparable or nearly identical with those of the pluripotent partner. When cultured in vitro, ES-somatic- and TC-somatic hybrid cell clones, as a rule, lose the chromosomes derived from the somatic partner; however, in some clones the autosomes from the ES cell partner were also eliminated, i.e. the parental chromosomes segregated bilaterally in the ES-somatic cell hybrids. This opens up ways for searching correlation between the pluripotent status of the hybrid cells and chromosome segregation patterns and therefore for identifying the particular chromosomes involved in the maintenance of pluripotency. Use of selective medium allows to isolate in vitro the clones of ES-somatic hybrid cells in which "the pluripotent" chromosome can be replaced by "the somatic" counterpart carrying the selectable gene. Unlike the TC-somatic cell hybrids, the ES-somatic hybrids with a near-diploid complement of chromosomes are able to contribute to various tissues of chimeric animals after injection into the blastocoel cavity. Analysis of the chimeric animals showed that the "somatic" chromosome undergoes reprogramming during development. The prospects for the identification of the chromosomes that are involved in the maintenance of pluripotency and its cis- and trans-regulation in the hybrid cell genome are discussed.
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Marta, Anatolie, Dmitry Dedukh, Oldřich Bartoš, Zuzana Majtánová, and Karel Janko. "Cytogenetic Characterization of Seven Novel satDNA Markers in Two Species of Spined Loaches (Cobitis) and Their Clonal Hybrids." Genes 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11060617.
Full textAbstract:
Interspecific hybridization is a powerful evolutionary force. However, the investigation of hybrids requires the application of methodologies that provide efficient and indubitable identification of both parental subgenomes in hybrid individuals. Repetitive DNA, and especially the satellite DNA sequences (satDNA), can rapidly diverge even between closely related species, hence providing a useful tool for cytogenetic investigations of hybrids. Recent progress in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) offers unprecedented possibilities for the development of new tools for species determination, including identification of species-specific satDNA markers. In this study, we focused on spined loaches (Cobitis, Teleostei), a group of fishes with frequent interspecific hybridization. Using the WGS of one species, C. elongatoides, we identified seven satDNA markers, which were mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization on mitotic and lampbrush chromosomes of C. elongatoides, C. taenia and their triploid hybrids (C. elongatoides × 2C. taenia). Two of these markers were chromosome-specific in both species, one had centromeric localization in multiple chromosomes and four had variable patterns between tested species. Our study provided a novel set of cytogenetic markers for Cobitis species and demonstrated that NGS-based development of satDNA cytogenetic markers may provide a very efficient and easy tool for the investigation of hybrid genomes, cell ploidy, and karyotype evolution.
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Kuehn, Monica Marcinko, and Bradley N. White. "Morphological analysis of genetically identified cattails Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Typha ×glauca." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 6 (October 30, 1999): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-037.
Full textAbstract:
Hybridization between the cattail species Typha latifolia L. and Typha angustifolia L. is frequent throughout northeastern and central North America. While studies are required to elucidate the ecological role of interspecific hybrids, morphological intergradation of the hybrids and parental species limits accurate identification. Although species-specific molecular markers have been developed, some researchers do not have the resources necessary for molecular analysis. Consequently, this study used genetically identified specimens of T. latifolia,T. angustifolia, and their hybrid Typha ×glauca Godr. to discriminate sound taxonomic characters for morphological identification. Leaf width, spike gap, spike width, and spike length were measured for 153 specimens of cattails from Massachusetts, Ontario, Quebec, and Manitoba. In addition, stigma width was measured using a compound microscope. Morphological data were used in discriminant analysis; approximately 90% of the classifications derived by discriminant analysis corresponded to the genetic identity. Discriminant analysis using stigma width, spike length, spike interval and leaf width provided accurate identification for 28 of 31 T. angustifolia specimens, 38 of 41 T. ×glauca specimens, and 20 of 25 T. latifolia specimens. Thus, discriminant analysis of morphological characters can be used to distinguish the hybrid cattail from the parental species with reasonable confidence when molecular resources are not available.Key words: Typha, cattails, discriminant analysis, DNA markers.
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Weng, Shidan, Xueqing Fu, Yu Gao, Tianlei Liu, Yi Sun, and Dongqin Tang. "Identification and Evaluation of Aromatic Volatile Compounds in 26 Cultivars and 8 Hybrids of Freesia hybrida." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 25, 2021): 4482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154482.
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Freesia hybrida is a group of cultivars in the genus Freesia with a strong floral scent composed of diverse volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, the VOCs of 34 F. hybrida were extracted and analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 164 VOCs whose relative contents were higher than 0.05% were detected. The numbers of VOCs in all germplasms differed between 11 to 38, and the relative contents ranged from 32.39% to 94.28%, in which most germplasms were higher than 80%. Terpenoids, especially monoterpenes, were the crucial type of VOCs in most germplasms, of which linalool and D-limonene were the most frequently occurring. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separated samples based on whether linalool was the main component, and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) clustered samples into 4 groups according to the preponderant compounds linalool and (E)-β-ocimene. Comparison of parental species and hybrids showed heterosis in three hybrids, and the inherited and novel substances suggested that monoterpene played an important role in F. hybrida floral scent. This study established a foundation for the evaluation of Freesia genetic resources, breeding for the floral aroma and promoting commercial application.
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Uddin, MN, FW Ellison, L. O'Brien, and BDH Latter. "The effect of plot type on the estimation of heterosis in bread wheat (T. aestivum)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 7 (1992): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921471.
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The demonstration of an economically sustainable level of heterosis for grain yield is a key factor which determines the commercial viability of hybrid wheat production. Identification of sufficient hybrid advantage involves testing hundreds, possibly thousands of hybrid combinations each year. The design of an effective hybrid evaluation program depends on the characterization of genotypexplant density interaction effects. These were examined at Narrabri, N.S.W., using six hybrids and their parents and two commercial hybrids planted in four replicate, randomized complete block design experiments using three different plot types, viz. hill plots, space planted plots and multi-row plots. The level of heterosis for grain yield varied depending upon the plot type, with least heterosis being observed in multi-row plots. While the genotypexplot type interaction was significant for grain yield, it was non-significant for yield heterosis. The relative rankings of hybrids did not alter across plot type. Highly significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations between plot types for yield indicated that each plot type provided comparable information on relative genotype performance. The lesser seed requirement and ease of planting points to hill plots being the preferred plot type for preliminary evaluation of hybrid performance. The modulation of heterosis level by plot type suggests that while hill plots will provide an efficient first evaluation, performance would need to be substantiated in multi-row plots.
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Zoteyeva, Nadezhda, Guna Sprūde, Natalia Klimenko, and Ieva Mežaka. "Identification of Interspecific Potato Hybrids with Combined Resistance to Late Blight (Phytophthora Infestans) and Nematode (Globodera Rostochiensis)." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 74, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2020-0030.
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AbstractLate blight (agent Phytophthora infestans) and potato cyst nematode (PCN) caused by Globodera rostochiensis are economically important pathogens, which may significantly reduce potato yields. In this study interspecific potato hybrids were used as a source of resistance for combined resistance to economically important potato pathogens: late blight and cyst nematode. The aim of our study was to identify hybrid progenies with combined resistance to both pathogens and to verify the applicability of several molecular markers associated with resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 to identify resistant plants. Ninety-two clones of eleven original interspecific potato hybrids obtained in crosses with the cultivated S. tuberosum group tuberosum, S. tuberosum group Andigena, S. tuberosum group Phureja and wild S. guerreroense, S. microdontum, S. kurtzianum, S. neoantipoviczii and S. tarijense potato species were screened in bioassays and by molecular markers. PCN resistant or moderately resistant clones were found among the progenies of nine hybrids. Results were highly correlated with resistance status detected by molecular markers linked to the H1 (marker 57R) and Gro1-4 (marker Gro1) genes. Marker CP113 (linked to the H1 gene) was not polymorphic and failed to detect resistance status. Combination of foliar late blight resistance and resistance to PCN was identified in hybrids obtained in crosses with plants of species S. microdontum, S. tarijense and S. phureja and in the hybrid between S. guerreroense and Black’s P. infestans race differential carrying gene R-5.
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Mallick, Pijush, and Samir Ranjan Sikdar. "Genome Instability In Fruit Body Derived Lines Generated From Fruiting Pfle Somatic Hybrid Lines And Development Of Hybrid Strain Specific Scar Marker In Edible Mushroom." Journal of Horticultural Research 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2015-0022.
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AbstractSix fruit body derived lines (pfle FB) generated from six fruiting pfle somatic hybrid mushroom lines showed genetic diversity analysed by fruit body morphology and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Stipe length, pelius diameter and bioefficiency % (BE%) of all the strains showed variations between each other with respect to Pleurotus florida parent. Hybrid pfle 1v and pfle 1q showed the highest value of stipe length and pelius diameter, respectively, compared with parent P. florida. Four ISSR primers amplified a total of 47 reproducible fragments with 82.9% polymorphism in which primer ISSR-03 produced the highest number of amplicons. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based dendrogram exhibited two major groups in which hybrids pfle 1r and pfle 1q showed genetical closeness to parents P. florida and Lentinula edodes, respectively. Tissue culture generated line from fruit body of pfle 1r hybrid showed maximum BE% compared with the other hybrids and P. florida parent. For identification of this line, a pair of hybrid strain-specific SCAR marker (RFB2F and RFB2R) was developed based on an unique 813 bp RAPD amplicon.
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Larcombe, Matthew J., René E. Vaillancourt, Rebecca C. Jones, and Brad M. Potts. "Assessing a Bayesian Approach for Detecting Exotic Hybrids between Plantation and Native Eucalypts." International Journal of Forestry Research 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/650202.
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Eucalyptus globulusis grown extensively in plantations outside its native range in Australia. Concerns have been raised that the species may pose a genetic risk to native eucalypt species through hybridisation and introgression. Methods for identifying hybrids are needed to enable assessment and management of this genetic risk. This paper assesses the efficiency of a Bayesian approach for identifying hybrids between the plantation speciesE. globulusandE. nitensand four at-risk native eucalypts. Range-wide DNA samples ofE. camaldulensis,E. cypellocarpa,E. globulus,E. nitens,E. ovataandE. viminalis, and pedigreed and putative hybrids (n= 606), were genotyped with 10 microsatellite loci. Using a two-way simulation analysis (two species in the model at a time), the accuracy of identification was 98% for first and 93% for second generation hybrids. However, the accuracy of identifying simulated backcross hybrids was lower (74%). A six-way analysis (all species in the model together) showed that as the number of species increases the accuracy of hybrid identification decreases. Despite some difficulties identifying backcrosses, the two-way Bayesian modelling approach was highly effective at identifyingF1s, which, in the context ofE. globulusplantations, are the primary management concern.
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Alvarez, Elizabeth, Michael Latorre, Ximena Bonilla, and John W. Miles. "Assessing the Resistance of Brachiaria Hybrids to Pathogenic Rhizoctonia." Plant Disease 98, no. 3 (March 2014): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-13-0405-re.
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Rhizoctonia foliar blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 1, is an economically important fungal disease found throughout the world. The fungus attacks numerous crops, including cereals, roots and tubers, legumes, and cruciferous, horticultural, and ornamental plants. In tropical America, this invasive and destructive disease also attacks most Brachiaria spp. used as forages in the ranching industry, especially in the production of cattle. Research to solve this constraint has been ongoing at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture and has generated new Brachiaria hybrids with excellent agronomic performance, tolerance to poor soils, and, particularly, high resistance to biotic factors such as Rhizoctonia foliar blight. These hybrids belong to lines obtained from Brachiaria humidicola, B. brizantha, and B. decumbens. To identify resistance among Brachiaria hybrid genotypes, the hybrid clones were evaluated for their variability in resistance, and their disease reaction was also determined and characterized. Results led to the identification of hybrids that not only were highly resistant to the blight but also had excellent agronomic characteristics.