Dissertations / Theses: 'Identification of RFID tags'

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Figueiredo, Rui Barbosa de. "Massively parallel identification of RFID tags." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7382.

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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática
Nos dias que correm, tem-se assistido a uma grande evolução dos sistemas de identificação através de marcadores RFID, frequentemente sem se dar a devida importância à componente de privacidade nos mesmos. A presente dissertação pretende explorar um paradigma de identificação de marcadores com o intuito de colmatar esta lacuna, recorrendo à utilização de uma função dificilmente invertível, criptográfica ou de síntese, para a geração no marcador de um identificador pseudo-aleatório a partir do identificador real do mesmo, bem como de um conjunto de números aleatórios gerados pelo marcador e pelo leitor. Contudo, torna-se necessária uma pesquisa ao longo de todos os identificadores atribuídos, que por questões de desempenho é realizado de uma forma massivamente paralela. Desta forma, impede-se o seguimento de objectos ou pessoas associados ao marcador por entidades Ilegítimas, que não tenham acesso a uma base de dados de todos os identificadores atribuídos.
In recent years, there has been a large evolution of identification systems through the use of RFID tags, often with some disregard for privacy concerns. In this dissertation a paradigm will be explored focusing on the use of a well known cryptographic standard or hashing function to generate a pseudo-random identifier from the real identifier as well as a set of random nonces from the tag and reader. However, a search is required along the set of assigned identifiers, which for the sake of performance shall be done resorting to a massively parallel approach. This way, it becomes unfeasible for an illegitimate reader to relate two activation sessions of the same tag without access to the database of all the assigned identifiers.

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Frushour, John H. "Design considerations for a computationally-lightweight authentication mechanism for passive RFID tags." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FFrushour.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Fulp, J.D. ; Huffmire, Ted. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 6, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Passive RFID Systems, Tags, Clock, Electro-magnetic induction, authentication, hash, SHA--1. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60). Also available in print.

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Zancanaro, Mario Antônio. "Identification des éléments RFID mobiles dans les environnements intérieurs associant la couche application et la couche physique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066730.

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Les recherches autours la localisation d’étiquettes RFID dans des environnements intérieurs (indoor) ont suggéré plusieurs algorithmes et techniques. Identifier des étiquettes RFID dans les environnements intérieurs avec une parfaite précision n’est pas une tâche facile pour de nombreuses applications dans l'industrie, les supermarchés ou encore dans la logistique. Les systèmes de localisation RFID ont évolué en raison de l’augmentation de la popularité des applications qui nécessitent ce type de ressource. En effet, de nombreux procédés ont manifesté le besoin d'identifier et de localiser des étiquettes RFID en mouvement pour des raisons de traçabilité ou d'autres besoins . Entre autres, les supermarchés, les magasins, les hôpitaux, ou lignes de production de l'industrie peuvent bénéficier de ce type de système. Cependant, la plupart des techniques sont théoriques et ne tiennent pas compte de l'influence des problèmes de signalisation de cas réels en intérieur. De plus, bien que le problème de la localisation et identification soit traitée dans de nombreux autres travaux, les solutions proposées restent encore insuffisantes en termes de précision. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une solution pour identifier des éléments avec des étiquettes RFID qui sont en mouvement, en les séparant des autres tags dits statiques. Notre méthode est basée sur la configuration classique d'un scénario de ligne de production typiquement utilisé dans l'industrie. A la fin du processus d'identification la méthode détermine les étiquettes RFID en mouvement et les étiquettes RFID statiques. Notre méthode d'identification a deux variantes. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons un procédé hybride qui opère au niveau de la couche d'application, ce qui lui permet d'être discret et personnalisable. Dans la seconde variante, la couche physique est associée à la solution initiale afin de limiter et d'optimiser la zone d'identification. Pour la validation de la méthode, nous avons éffectué plusieurs expériences sur des applications réelles de type industriel ou logistique, dans différentes conditions d'environnement intérieur et en utilisant des paramètres par défaut. Les résultats des tests ont montré que notre méthode donne d’excellentes performances lorsqu'elle est appliquée dans les processus industriels
Indoor localization research has generated many of potential techniques and algorithms. Identifying RFID tags in an indoor environment with perfect accuracy is not a trivial task for many applications in industry, a marketplace, or a supply chain. Localization systems have been maturing as the number of applications requiring such capabilities has increased in popularity\cite{29} \cite{20}. In businesses, these applications allow intelligent process manufacturing, increasing productivity and enabling reliable product flows. Based on these systems, many processes need to localize and identify the movement of RFID tags. Marketplaces, shops, hospitals, or simple conveyor belts for supply chains can benefit from these tracking systems. However, most of these techniques do not take into account the influence of the real constraints to which the radio signal of the physical system is subject. Although this localization problem has been addressed in lots of treatments, it remains unsolved for systems that need precision. In this thesis, our solution involves identifying RFID tags in movement from others referred to as RFID static tags. We have based our methodology on the classical configuration supply chains scenario involved in industrial and market warehouse use cases. We completely identify which RFID tags are moving and which tags are placed outside and static by the time the conveyor belt supply chain process has ended. We developed our approach by proposing an identification method with two main variations. In its first variant, the method is hybrid and works directly in the application layer, which allows a non-intrusive, custom made and articulate RFID tag identification and classification. In its second variant, we also associate our solution with a physical layer constraint, to limit and optimize the identification zone.The evaluation of the performance shows an excellent precision in a practical industrial operational zone, validated with lots of experiments conducted in a real indoor application under different conditions and using classical setup devices

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Schumacher-Novak, Gregory Donald. "RFID tags / planar inductors as chemical sensor platforms in liquid sensing applications." [Milwaukee, Wis.] : e-Publications@Marquette, 2009. http://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/5.

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Kanwar, Kelash [Verfasser]. "Identification of rubber belts in harsh environments using UHF RFID tags / Kelash Kanwar." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075602246/34.

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Akbar, Muhammad Bashir. "Design and prototype development of motion and shock sensing rf tags." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43666.

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Since the inception of the backscatter-radio technology, this field has continually evolved. As a result, this technology is used for a multitude of applications like personnel identification, logistics and assets management and military purposes etc. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology works in several ISM-frequency bands. This work pertains to the design and development of an RF tag that uses 5.8 GHz ISM band for backscatter. This frequency band has many inherent advantages like higher gain antennas, smaller sized tags, increased immunity to conductive object losses, and larger RF bandwidth. The objective of this research is design and prototype development of an RF tag capable of sensing acceleration, angular motion, and shock experienced by an object on which it is installed. The sensed information is modulated onto an incident continuous wave (CW) and backscattered to the reader. Literature research suggested that such work has not been done previously using an RFID platform. The challenges include integration of the sensor, antenna and other electronics to efficiently backscatter the information to the receiver, designing a suitable planar antenna, realtime backscattering of the sensed information, and low power consumption. As a further step, it is required to design and integrate two antennas on RF tag to simultaneously backscatter the same information; and to measure and compare its effect with single antenna tag. The sensed impact/shock and rotational movement information from the inertial sensors (accelerometer and gyroscope) was backscattered instantly and displayed on the custom developed graphical user interface. The development of GUI was not part of this project and was developed by another lab member. RF Tags with single and dual antenna configurations were designed and tested. It was observed that by increasing the number of antennas higher read range can be achieved. Moreover, by doubling the antennas the radar cross-section for the tag was approximately doubled.

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Bouet, Mathieu. "Localisation en trois dimensions de tags RFID basée sur les informations de connectivité." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066361.

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La radio-identification (RFID) est une méthode pour lire à distance des identifiants contenus dans des appareils électroniques appelés tags. Cette technologie qui permet la traçabilité des personnes et des objets est amenée à supporter le développement de services ambiant-intelligents en associant une position à chaque identité. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle approche générale pour la localisation des tags. Elle repose sur les données intrinsèques de ces systèmes: les informations de connectivité. Celles-ci sont converties en contraintes topologiques afin de délimiter la zone de présence de chaque tag. Notre approche supporte l'hétérogénéité des équipements, des environnements et l'estimation de positions 3-D. Nous la développons en proposant deux méthodes de localisation. La première, OpTop, repose sur une technique d'optimisation où une fonction-coût et un ensemble de contraintes relatives à la position du tag sont définis à partir des informations de connectivité. La seconde, L-VIRT, consiste à discrétiser l'espace pour délimiter l'intersection du maximum de contraintes topologiques relatives au tag et ainsi son volume de présence.

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Zamora, González Gerard. "Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags and Reader Antennas Based on Conjugate Matching and Metamaterial Concepts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/133356.

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La identificación por radiofrecuencia (RFID) es una tecnología de rápido desarrollo que proporciona la identificación inalámbrica y capacidad de seguimiento mediante el uso de dispositivos simples que se usan para etiquetar objetos o personas en un extremo, llamados etiquetas o tags, y dispositivos más complejos en el otro extremo del enlace, denominados lectores. RFID es una tecnología emergente y uno de los segmentos de más rápido crecimiento de la actual industria de la identificación automática y captura de datos (AIDC). RFID es utilizada por cientos, si no miles, de aplicaciones en la actualidad. RFID está revolucionando la gestión de las cadenas de suministro, en sustitución de los códigos de barras, pasando a ser el sistema de seguimiento de objetos principal, y se está convirtiendo rápidamente en una tecnología rentable. Sin embargo, el diseño de etiquetas capaces de cubrir todas las bandas UHF-RFID reguladas, proporcionando unas prestaciones de lectura adecuadas, supone un reto importante. Además, hay una falta de sistematización en la metodología de diseño de etiquetas UHF-RFID. Otro problema que impide una expansión más rápida de la tecnología UHF-RFID se encuentra en la gestión de artículos de venta al por menor, en la dificultad de ofrecer al mismo tiempo la posibilidad de controlar el pago los artículos en las tiendas y el inventario de elementos presentes en el almacén. La reducción de costes es de especial preocupación en la implementación de sistemas RFID de microondas, ya que estos sistemas suelen utilizar etiquetas activas cuyo consumo de energía debe ser reducido al mínimo. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es aportar soluciones a los problemas mencionados anteriormente, contribuyendo de este modo al progreso y mejora de la tecnología RFID. Esto se consigue mediante la propuesta de nuevas estrategias y una metodología simple para el diseño de las etiquetas de UHF-RFID basadas en adaptación conjugada, y antenas para lectores RFID basadas en conceptos de metamateriales.
Radio frequency identiﬁcation (RFID) is a fast developing technology that provides wireless identification and tracking capability by using simple devices used for tagging objects or people on one end, called tags, and more complex devices on the other end of the link, called readers. RFID is an emerging technology and one of the most rapidly growing segments of today’s automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) industry. RFID is used for hundreds, if not thousands, of applications at present. RFID is revolutionizing supply chain management, replacing bar codes as the main object tracking system, and it is rapidly becoming a cost-effective technology. However, the design of tags able to cover the whole UHF-RFID regulated bands, providing appropriate read performance, becomes an important challenge. Also, there is a lack of systematization in the design methodology of UHF-RFID tags. Another problem which prevents a faster expansion of the UHF-RFID technology is found in the retail item management, in the difficulty of simultaneously offer the possibility of controlling items payment in stores and inventory of elements present in the store. Cost reduction is a special concern in the implementation of microwave RFID systems since they typically use active tags whose power consumption should be minimized. The main objective of this thesis is to provide solutions to the aforementioned problems, contributing to the progress and improvement of the RFID technology. This is achieved by proposing new strategies and a simple methodology for the design of UHF-RFID tags based on conjugate matching, and RFID reader antennas based on metamaterial concepts.

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Nordström, Edward, and Johan Hollander. "Design och implementering av enhandsburen RFID-läsare." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-6752.

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Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a versatile wireless technology usedworldwide. The fields of applications are many and its popularity constantlygrows due to smaller in size, better and less expensive components. RFID isused to identify, track or share information about an object using radio waves.

This master thesis describes the process of designing and implementing ahandheld UHF RFID reader. The goal was to, based on a UHF RFID-chipdesign a fully functional, small in size and power efficient device. Amicrocontroller provides the user interface and is also used to control theRFID-chip and a Bluetooth device. A Bluetooth- and GPRS-compatible mobilephone will be used to forward data to a server connected to the Internet. Allparts of the design are described, such as the printed circuit board design aswell as the software for the micro controller and the mobile phone.

Because the extent of this thesis it is neither possible nor necessary to dig toodeep into the Bluetooth- or GPRS-protocol. The focus will be on designingsoftware and hardware for the handheld unit.

Radio frekvens identifiering (RFID) är en mångsidig trådlös teknik somanvänds över hela världen. Områdena där tekniken används är många och dess popularitet växer konstant tack vare mindre storlek, bättre och billigarekomponenter. RFID används för att identifiera, spåra eller dela med siginformation om ett objekt med radiovågor.

Det här examensarbetet beskriver processen av design och implementering aven handburen UHF RFID läsare. Målet har varit att, baserat på ett UHF-RFIDchip, designa en fullt fungerande, liten och strömsnål enhet. En microcontroller förser dels användaren med ett användargränssnitt och sköter delskommunikationen med RFID chip och en blåtandsmodul. En blåtands- ochGPRS- eller 3G-kompatibel mobiltelefon används for att skicka vidare data tillen server kopplad till Internet. Alla delar av designen är beskrivna, så som PCB design, mjukvara för micro controllern och mobiltelefonen.

På grund av omfattningen av det här examensarbetet så har det inte varitmöjligt eller nödvändigt att gräva för djupt i Blåtands- eller GPRS/3Gprotokollen. Fokus är på att designa hårdvara och mjukvara för den handhållna enheten.

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Gülerman, Ender. "RFID Tag : RFID tag positioning and identification by using infrared and visual wavelength." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19016.

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This thesis project aims to develop an active Radio Frequency Identification tag (RFID) which uses an interesting method for positioning and ID detection. In this project, rather than classical ways of positioning methods such as triangulation or radio maps, infrared light and a camera with an infrared filter was used for the positioning. Tag identification detection is done by applying image analysis on camera images. When a specific part is wanted from the warehouse, this part is addressed through the active RFID system and the tag attached to that part starts to blink with the tag ID. A camera with an infrared filter above the goods in the ceiling finds the blinking infrared led, detects the tag’s position by image analysis, and confirms the ID with the requested ID number. A led transmitting visual light is used to ensure the tag also can be seen by the forklift driver in the warehouse environment when he is in close range of the part. First of all, related work and scientific papers were examined mostly from the IEEE database, which was instrumental in constructing this thesis project. Under the circumstances of low power consumption and the demands from the tag, additional possible components for an RFID tag such as an infrared led, a visual led, transistors for the LED amplifier stage and an LDO (Low-dropout) voltage regulator are chosen. Necessary technical calculations such as gain, power consumption are calculated. The RFID tag is built with these components, and transferred into the software environment .First the schematic is drawn and footprints created for the each component and the case styles are decided for transferring the circuit into the layout environment. For the radio circuit part which is used for the communication between the server and the tag, transmission lines of PCB demands are examined and the necessary calculations are made for impedance matching to prevent any disorder. After preparation of the PCB, gerber files are sent for the manufacturing process and the hardware part is completed. The components are mounted and the LED’s blinking time interval is set depending on the camera’s applicable frame speed, relevant tests for the ID detection and positioning (see fig.1). With optimisation of the time interval for recognition of the ID, an algorithm for the positioning of the RFID tag is developed and the related ID detection algorithm is developed for the real time applications by using a camera. As a result of this thesis project, instead of using complex systems for the positioning, such as triangulation or creating a radio map with multiple readers etc. a basic solution is produced as an alternative. The efficiency of the system, the distance that allows the positioning and how applicable the system is are examined.

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Kalayci, Sefa. "Design Of A Radio Frequency Identification (rfid) Antenna." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610554/index.pdf.

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Fundamental features of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems used in different application areas will be reviewed. Techniques used in realizing RFID antenna systems will be studied and the procedure to realize a specific RFID antenna type possessing desired characteristics will be described. Electrical properties such as radiation pattern, impedance will be predicted using analytical and/or computer simulation techniques. Experimental investigations will be carried out to complement the theoretical work.

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Zuffanelli, Simone. "Antenna design solutions for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags based on metamaterial-inspired resonators and other resonant structures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/314186.

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Avui dia, la identificació automàtica i unívoca d’objectes s’està imposant com a necessitat creixent a nivell global, degut al ràpid increment de la producció i del comerç mundial. En resposta, la identificació per radiofreqüència (RFID) està emergint com una alternativa viable i més evolucionada al codi de barres, i està sent utilitzada en una multitud d’aplicacions diferents, tal com el seguiment de paquets, els inventaris intel·ligents, el control d’accessos i el pagament sense contacte. Encara que la tecnologia RFID ha aconseguit entrar amb èxit en la nostra vida diària, oferint una solució convenient en moltes aplicacions, existeixen alguns reptes que estan frenant la seva difusió. Per exemple, l’etiquetatge de petits objectes metàl·lics necessita de més recerca, per tal d’obtenir etiquetes RFID més primes i petites, donat que actualment les etiquetes RFID per metall són més gruixudes i més cares que les etiquetes RFID convencionals. El disseny d’etiquetes RFID miniaturitzades amb una resposta independent de l’orientació és també un problema encara pendent. En altres casos, el context d’etiquetatge requereix maximitzar la distancia de lectura, encara que això impliqui augmentar les dimensions de l’etiqueta. Per tant, el disseny d’etiquetes RFID d’alta distancia de lectura és un altre repte interessant en la investigació sobre la tecnologia RFID. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi és la recerca de solucions pràctiques als problemes mencionats, que contribueixin al desenvolupament de la tecnologia RFID, així com a la seva ulterior difusió en les aplicacions de la vida diària. En concret, aquest treball es focalitza en el disseny d’antenes per etiquetes passives de RFID a la banda UHF basades en ressonadors inspirats en el món dels metamaterials (ressonadors d’anells oberts i estructures derivades) com a elements radiants, explorant també solucions alternatives basades en altres estructures ressonants.
Nowadays, the automatic and univocal identification of items all around the world is becoming a growing necessity, as a consequence of the rapid increase of the global production and trade. In this regard, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been emerging as a suitable and more evolved alternative to barcodes, being already used in a multitude of applications in everyday life, such as items tracking through the supply chain, smart inventory, access control and contactless payment. However, although RFID has achieved entering into the mainstream of technology, already providing a cost-effective solution in many scenarios, several challenges are still waiting response. Among these, the identification of small metallic objects still requires further efforts for obtaining thinner and smaller RFID tags, being the current on-metal tagging solutions thicker and much more expensive than conventional RFID tags. Also, the design of miniaturized RFID tags presenting uniform (or quasi-uniform) reading pattern, which would allow identification of small objects independently from their orientation, is still troublesome. On the other hand, some applications require maximizing the reading distance, even at the expense of the tag dimensions, so that the design of RFID tags with optimized reading distance is another interesting research subject within the frame of RFID technology. The main objective of this thesis is to explore solutions to the aforementioned problems, thus contributing to the advance of RFID technology, and to its further extension to everyday life applications. To this end, this work is focused on the antenna design for passive RFID tags working at the UHF frequency band (passive UHF-RFID tags), exploring the use of metamaterial-inspired resonators (i.e., the split-ring resonator and its derived structures) as radiating elements, and also considering alternative solutions based on other kinds of resonant structures.

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Atojoko, Achimugu A. "Design and Modelling of Passive UHF RFID Tags for Energy Efficient Liquid Level Detection Applications. A study of various techniques in the design, modelling, optimisation and deployment of RFID reader and passive UHF RFID tags to achieve effective performance for liquid sensing applications." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15906.

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Sewer and oil pipeline spillage issues have become major causes of pollution in urban and rural areas usually caused by blockages in the water storage and drainage system, and oil spillage of underground oil pipelines. An effective way of avoiding this problem will be by deploying some mechanism to monitor these installations at each point in time and reporting unusual liquid activity to the relevant authorities for prompt action to avoid a flooding or spillage occurrence. This research work presents a low cost energy efficient liquid level monitoring technique using Radio Frequency Identification Technology. Passive UHF RFID tags have been designed, modelled and optimized. A simple rectangular tag, the P-shaped tag and S-shaped tag with UHF band frequency of operation (850-950 MHz) has been designed and modelled. Detailed parametric analysis of the rectangular tag is made and the optimised design results analysed and presented in HFSS and Matlab. The optimised rectangular tag designs are then deployed as level sensors in a gully pot. Identical tags were deployed to detect 4 distinct levels in alternate positions and a few inches in seperation distance within the gully pot height (Low, Mid, High and Ultra high). The radiation characteristic of tag sensors in deployment as modelled on HFSS is observed to show consistent performance with application requirements. An in-manhole chamber antenna for an underground communication system is analysed, designed, deployed and measured. The antenna covers dual-band impedance bandwidths (i.e. 824 to 960 MHz, and 1710 to 2170 MHz). The results show that the antenna prototype exhibits sufficient impedance bandwidth, suitable radiation characteristics, and adequate gains for the required underground wireless sensor applications. Finally, a Linearly Shifted Quadrifilar Helical Antenna (LSQHA) designed using Genetic Algorithm optimisation technique for adoption as an RFID reader antenna is proposed and investigated. The new antenna confirms coverage of the RFID bandwidth 860-960 MHz with acceptable power gain of 13.1 dBi.

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Al, Khambashi Majid S. "Analysis and solutions for RFID tag and RFID reader deployment in wireless communications applications. Simulation and measurement of linear and circular polarised RFID tag and reader antennas and analysing the tags radiation efficiency when operated close to the human body." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6340.

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The aim of this study is to analysis, investigate and find out the solutions for the problems associated with the implementations of antennas RFID Reader and Tag for various applications. In particular, the efficiency of the RFID reader antenna and the detection range of the RFID tag antenna, subject to a small and compact antenna¿s design configuration have been studied. The present work has been addressed directly to reduce the cost, size and increase the detection range and communication reliability of the RFID framework antennas. Furthermore, the modelling concept of RFID passive tags mounted on various materials including the novel design of RFID reader antenna using Genetic Algorithm (GA) are considered and discussed to maintain reliable and efficient antenna radiation performances. The main benefit of applying GA is to provide fast, accurate and reliable solutions of antenna¿s structure. Therefore, the GA has been successfully employed to design examples: meander-line, two linear cross elements and compact Helical- Spiral antennas. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with RFID tag antenna operating at 900MHz has been studied. The near field distribution and the radiation pattern together with the statistical distribution of the radiation efficiency and the absorbed power in terms of cumulative distribution functions for different orientation and location of RFID¿s tag antenna on the human body have been demonstrated. Several tag antennas wi th symmetrical and unsymmetrical structure configurations operating in the European UHF band 850-950 MHz have been fabricated and tested. . The measured and simulated results have been found to be in a good agreement with reasonable impedance matching to the typical input impedance of an RFID integrated circuit chip and nominal power gain and radiation patterns.

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Rohatgi, Anil. "Implementation and Applications of an Anti-Collision Differential-Offset Spread Spectrum RFID System." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13946.

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This report documents the design, construction, and implementation of a differential-offset spread spectrum RFID system, to avoid the problem of anti-collision interference from multiple RFID tags. Currently in industry, this problem is handled by establishing a two way communication link between the tags and the interrogator. The proposed system eliminates the need for the excessive hardware use to create this link, and therefore drastically reduces the cost of each tag. Not only is this system cheaper to implement but it is faster, requires less power, and by the nature of the design contains an inherent encryption scheme for the data being transmitted. Specialized RFID tags were designed and fabricated in order to produce a pseudo random code unique to each tag. The design presented in this document allowed simultaneous interrogation of up to 255 tags within one sensing environment. Once queried, the tags then modulate the incoming signal from the interrogator with their own sequence, and reflect the signal back to the interrogator. What the interrogator then receives is a combination of backscatter from all of the tags within the sensing environment. Specialized software written in Matlab and LabView uses these unique sequences to isolate the data from a desired tag away from the sea of information being transmitted from every tag. Using this system, numerous applications for experiments and measurements can be devised. One such application this thesis focuses on is the use of this system to simultaneously measure signal strengths from multiple diversity antennas in order to optimize their position and orientation. Currently, the majority of antenna diversity measurements are taken by measuring the signal strength of a given configuration one antenna at a time. By using the anti-collision RFID system proposed above, the signal strength produced by both antennas can be measured and recorded simultaneously to provide a true representation of their combined performance. This measurement can be used to find the optimal configuration for multiple antennas. This thesis will fully explore the theories and procedures behind creating this system, and will provide the results and analysis of its performance.

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Novotný, Jan. "Zpracování signálu UHF RFID čtečky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221225.

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The master’s thesis is focused on the UHF RFID reader EXIN-1 signal processing. The first part describes the concept of the EXIN-1 front end, its basic testing and possible communication interfaces for reader control and for receiving and transmitting baseband signals. The second part of this work is aimed to a simple description of EPCglobal Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID Protocol, especially to used modulations and codings. In the last part, a block connection between the front end and an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller discovery board is designed. The microcontroller is used for generating of all required signals and also for receiving incoming signals and processing them for identification numbers of RFID cards (tags), which are in the reading range of the reader. A decoding algorithm is designed in MATLAB software and implemented to the selected microcontroller. Obtained identification data are displayed on an LCD display and also sent to a PC through a serial communication.

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Saldanha, Nancy. "Modeling, design and fabrication of orthogonal and psuedo-orthogonal frequency coded SAW wireless spread spectrum RFID sensor tags." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5025.

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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors offer a wireless, passive sensor solution for use in numerous environments where wired sensing can be expensive and infeasible. Single carrier frequency SAW sensor embodiments such as delay lines, and resonators have been used in single sensor environments where sensor identification is not a necessity. The orthogonal frequency coded (OFC) SAW sensor tag embodiment developed at UCF uses a spread spectrum approach that allows interrogation in a multi-sensor environment and provides simultaneous sensing and sensor identification. The SAW device is encoded via proper design of multiple Bragg reflectors at differing frequencies. To enable accurate device design, a model to predict reflectivity over a wide range of electrode metallization ratios and metal thicknesses has been developed and implemented in a coupling of modes (COM) model. The high coupling coefficient, reflectivity and temperature coefficient of delay (TCD) of YZ LiNbO[sub3] makes it an ideal substrate material for a temperature sensor, and the reflectivity model has been developed and verified for this substrate. A new concept of pseudo-orthogonal frequency coded (POFC) SAW sensor tags has been investigated, and with proper design, the POFC SAW reduces device insertion loss and fractional bandwidth compared to OFC. OFC and POFC sensor devices have been fabricated at 250 MHz and 915 MHz using fundamental operation, and 500 MHz and 1.6 GHz using second harmonic operation. Measured device results are shown and compared with the COM simulations using the enhanced reflectivity model. Additionally, the first OFC devices at 1.05 GHz were fabricated on 128[superscript o] YX LiNbO[sub3] to explore feasibility of the material for future use in OFC sensor applications. Devices at 915 MHz have been fabricated on YZ LiNbO[sub3] and integrated with an antenna, and have then been used in a transceiver system built by Mnemonics, Inc. to wirelessly sense temperature.; The first experimental wireless POFC SAW sensor device results and predictions will be presented.
ID: 029809657; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-152).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science

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Werner, Kerstin, and Eberhard Grummt. "RFID in Virtuellen Unternehmen: Potenziale von Data-on-Tag." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-140637.

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Proffitt, Donnie E. II. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION TO INFORM OPTIMAL CONFIGURATIONS FOR DYNAMIC NEAR-FIELD PASSIVE UHF RFID SYSTEMS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/29.

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RFID has been characterized as a “disruptive technology” that has the potential to revolutionize numerous key sectors. A key advantage of passive RFID applications is the ability to wirelessly transmit automatic identification and related information using very little power. This paper presents an experimental investigation to inform the optimal configuration for programming passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID media in dynamic applications. Dynamic programming solutions must be designed around the tag’s functionality, the physical programming configuration and environment. In this investigation, we present a methodology to determine an optimal configuration to maximize the systems programming efficiency for dynamic applications.

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Yang, Li. "Design and development of novel radio frequency identification (RFID) tag structures." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31824.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Tentzeris, Manos; Committee Member: DeJean, Gerald; Committee Member: Ingram, Mary; Committee Member: Kavadias, Stylianos; Committee Member: Laskar, Joy. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Werner, Kerstin, and Eberhard Grummt. "RFID in Virtuellen Unternehmen: Potenziale von Data-on-Tag." Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27912.

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Butt, Munam. "Systemization of RFID Tag Antenna Design Based on Optimization Techniques and Impedance Matching Charts." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23064.

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The performance of commercial Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags is primarily limited by present techniques used for tag antenna design. Currently, industry techniques rely on identifying the RFID tag application (books, clothing, etc.) and then building antenna prototypes of different configurations in order to satisfy minimum read range requirements. However, these techniques inherently lack an electromagnetic basis and are unable to provide a low cost solution to the tag antenna design process. RFID tag performance characteristics (read-range, chip-antenna impedance matching, surrounding environment) can be very complex, and a thorough understanding of the RFID tag antenna design may be gained through an electromagnetic approach in order to reduce the tag antenna size and the overall cost of the RFID system. The research presented in this thesis addresses RFID tag antenna design process for passive RFID tags. With the growing number of applications (inventory, supply-chain, pharmaceuticals, etc), the proposed RFID antenna design process demonstrates procedures to design tag antennas for such applications. Electrical/geometrical properties of the antennas designed were investigated with the help of computer electromagnetic simulations in order to achieve optimal tag performance criteria such as read range, chip-impedance matching, antenna efficiency, etc. Experimental results were performed on the proposed antenna designs to compliment computer simulations and analytical modelling.

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Pařízek, Tomáš. "Návrh a realizace UHF RFID tagu pro snímání hladiny kapaliny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-385317.

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The project deals with a theoretical design of passive ultra-high frequency radio identification (UHF RFID) tag for the measurement of liquid levels. Liquid level has an influence on the input impedance of an RFID tag antenna. The changes of input impedance have been used to distinguish individual liquid levels. Furthermore, this project presents optimization methods for the highest efficiency of an UHF RFID tag in Matlab and it aims to design a suitable antenna within CST MICROWAVE STUDIO.

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Pires, Walter Alexandre Ribeiro. "Antenas inteligentes em têxteis." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18709.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
A tecnologia RFID tem vindo a ganhar popularidade no mercado global atual, dado que a capacidade de comunicação por ondas de rádio com praticamente qualquer objeto, a simplicidade, credibilidade e reduzido custo justi cam o crescente interesse e investimento nesta tecnologia. A indústria têxtil é um setor de atividade extenso e multifacetado, que desenvolve e fabrica produtos para aplicações bastante diferenciadas, onde a aplicabilidade da tecnologia RFID pode trazer inúmeras vantagens nesta indústria, uma vez que a aposta em inovação, tanto em materiais como em tecnologias, permite a diferenciação e valorização desta indústria. A presente dissertação propõe o desenvolvimento de três tags RFID: uma desenvolvida apenas em substrato FR-4, outra desenvolvida somente em substrato têxtil, e por último, uma desenvolvida conjuntamente em substrato FR-4 e têxtil. Esta última constituiu o objeto principal de estudo, onde em conjunto com as outras duas tags, serviram como meio de comparação em termos dos resultados obtidos por cada uma delas. Em suma, conseguiu-se chegar a uma solução nal viável, com o desenvolvimento de uma tag RFID capaz de ser incorporada em têxtil para ns de identi cação, de dimensões 30 30 mm e passível de ser detetada a 3:8 metros.
RFID technology has been gaining popularity in the current global market because the ability that radio waves have to communicate with nearly any object, its simplicity, credibility and low cost justi es the increasing interest and investment in this technology. The textile industry is an extensive and multifaceted activity sector that develops and manufactures products to a wild range of applications, where the applicability of RFID technology can bring numerous advantages to it, since innovation in both materials and technologies allows di erentiation and appreciation to this industry. The present dissertation proposes the development of three RFID tags: one developed only on FR-4 substrate, one merely on textile substrate and nally one developed using both substrates (textile and FR-4). This last one was the main object of study, where together with the other two tags, served as means of comparison in terms of results obtained by each of them. In sum, a viable nal solution was achieved through the development of an RFID tag capable of being incorporated onto a textile substrate for identi - cation purposes, with dimensions of 30 30 mm and susceptible of being detected at 3; 8 meters.

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Kamineni, Neelima. "A Study of Anti-collision Multi-tag Identification Algorithms for Passive RFID Systems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28439/.

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The major advantages of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology over barcodes are that the RFID-tagged objects do not require to be in line-of-sight with the reader for their identification and multiple objects can be read simultaneously. But when multiple objects are read simultaneously there is always a problem of collision which reduces the efficiency of the system. This thesis presents a comprehensive study of the dynamic framed slotted ALOHA (DFSA)-based anti-collision multi-tag identification algorithms for passive RFID system. Performance of various DFSA algorithms is compared through extensive simulation results. In addition, a number of simple performance improvement techniques have also been investigated in this thesis, including improved estimation techniques for the number of tags in each read cycle and a low-complexity heuristic stopping criterion that can be easily implemented in the practical system.

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Gao, Bo. "Passive UHF RFID tag using electromagnetic band gap (EBG) material for metallic objects tracking /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202007%20GAO.

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Al, Khambashi Majid Salim. "Analysis and solutions for RFID tag and RFID reader deployment in wireless communications applications : simulation and measurement of linear and circular polarised RFID tag and reader antennas and analysing the tag's radiation efficiency when operated close to the human body." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6340.

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The aim of this study is to analysis, investigate and find out the solutions for the problems associated with the implementations of antennas RFID Reader and Tag for various applications. In particular, the efficiency of the RFID reader antenna and the detection range of the RFID tag antenna, subject to a small and compact antenna's design configuration have been studied. The present work has been addressed directly to reduce the cost, size and increase the detection range and communication reliability of the RFID framework antennas. Furthermore, the modelling concept of RFID passive tags mounted on various materials including the novel design of RFID reader antenna using Genetic Algorithm (GA) are considered and discussed to maintain reliable and efficient antenna radiation performances. The main benefit of applying GA is to provide fast, accurate and reliable solutions of antenna's structure. Therefore, the GA has been successfully employed to design examples: meander-line, two linear cross elements and compact Helical- Spiral antennas. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with RFID tag antenna operating at 900MHz has been studied. The near field distribution and the radiation pattern together with the statistical distribution of the radiation efficiency and the absorbed power in terms of cumulative distribution functions for different orientation and location of RFID's tag antenna on the human body have been demonstrated. Several tag antennas wi th symmetrical and unsymmetrical structure configurations operating in the European UHF band 850-950 MHz have been fabricated and tested. . The measured and simulated results have been found to be in a good agreement with reasonable impedance matching to the typical input impedance of an RFID integrated circuit chip and nominal power gain and radiation patterns.

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Brožová, Natálie. "RFID technologie a její použití ve zvoleném podniku." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-256621.

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This thesis focuses on the topic of RFID - radio frequency identification of objects. The theoretical part is focused on the definition and history of RFID systems, the main components of this technology, regulation and standards in the use of RFID, categories of RFID and its implementing into business processes. The theoretical part also describes the costs of RFID, potential benefits arising from its implementation and examples of areas in which RFID technology is applied. The practical part deals with the implementation of RFID in a particular company and describes situation of the company before and after the RFID implementation. Furthermore, practical part summarizes the results of interviews with employees of the company and a listing of key benefits that RFID has brought. At the end of the practical part the author proposes some improvements to the existing use of RFID system.

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Horák, David. "Návrh meandrovité antény pro RFID aplikaci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217472.

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This thesis deals with RFID tags. In the first part of the thesis, the general overviews of the present-day RFID systems are presented. This part of the thesis is focused on the passive back-scatter UHF tags and the advantages of their application in supply chain usage. Subsequently, the electromagnetic simulators CST Microwave Studio and IE3D Zeland are described. These simulators were used to design loaded meander antennas. The antennas were designed for different materials and frequency bands of 867 MHz and 2.4 GHz. The designed antennas were made without as well as with the reflector which allows using the antennas in the vicinity of metals. Produced antennas were experimentally tested in the company METRA Blansko Inc, where one of the most significant characteristics of passive RFID tags – the read range was observed.

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Hotte, David. "De la RFID à la MMID 60 GHz : contribution au développement de l'identification par onde radiofréquence en bande millimétrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT114/document.

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Avec l'ouverture de la bande 57-66 GHz en Europe, de nouvelles technologies de communication sans fil à haut débit sont en cours de développement. De nombreux avantages liés à cette bande de fréquence ont notamment conduit à envisager la transposition du principe de l'identification par radiofréquence (RFID) en bande millimétrique : la MMID. Les réglementations internationales font notamment apparaître une bande passante commune de 5 GHz qui permettrait la mise en place de solutions universelles. De plus la sécurisation des communications point-à-point et la directivité des réseaux d'antennes offrent des perspectives intéressantes.Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent à contribuer au développement de la MMID. Ils soulignent les principaux verrous de cette technologie et présentent les différentes solutions proposées qui couvrent de multiples aspects : conception d'antennes et de réseaux d'antennes, conception de prototypes de tags MMID passifs, caractérisation et méthodologie de mesure dont la conception intégrale d'un banc de mesure en bande V, amélioration des performances des tags, et étude de fonctionnalités de capteur intégrées aux tags. Les différents prototypes de tags MMID fabriqués ont permis de réaliser des communications passives de type rétro-modulation jusqu'à 20 cm. De plus, des fonctions de capteur d'humidité et capteur de pression intégrées aux tags MMID ont été montrées expérimentalement. L'ensemble de ces résultats ouvre la voie à de nouvelles perspectives pour les domaines des télécommunications et des réseaux de capteurs en bande millimétrique
With the opening of the 57-66 GHz band in Europe, new high data-rate wireless communication technologies are currently under development. Numerous advantages linked to the frequency band conducted to consider the transposition of the radiofrequency identificaion (RFID) principle to the millimeter frequency band: the MMID. The international regulations provide a common bandwidth of 5 GHz allowing universal solutions. Moreover, the communication security of point-to-point networks and the directivities of the antennas present interesting perspectives.The presented work in this thesis looks for contributing to the development of MMID. The work underlines the principal locks of this technology and it presents the different proposed solutions covering multiple aspects: conception of antennas and antennas arrays, conception of MMID tags prototypes, characterization and measurement methodology including the complete conception of a measurement bench in V-band, improvement of the tags performances and study of sensing functionalities integrated in the tags. Different prototypes of MMID tags are fabricated and passive communications based on the backscattering of the tags were demonstrated up to 20 cm. In addition, humidity and pressure sensing functionalities were proved by experimentations. The overall of these results pave the way for new perspectives for the wireless communication domain and sensors networks in the millimeter-wave band

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Prothro, Joel Thomas. "Improved Performance of a Radio Frequency Identification Tag Antenna on a Metal Ground Plane." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16303.

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Gao, Jie, Zhibo Pang, Qiang Chen, and Li-Rong Zheng. "Interactive Packaging Solutions Based on RFIDTechnology and Controlled Delamination Material." KTH, Elektroniksystem, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-50193.

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Interactive packaging is an emerging research area in recent years. It brings people convenient and smart lives, reduces consumption of traditional packaging materials and direct or indirect labor costs as well. Being integrated in interactive packaging, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology becomes one of the most proactive development enablers. In this paper, an interactive and intelligent packaging solution integrating passive RFID system and Controlled Delamination Material (CDM) is given at first. Package opening action is electrically controlled by the RFID system. CDM is primarily used in aerospace applications in the past and the conductor/adhesive joint can be easily opened by applying a little electric power on to the material. Some related works will be shown about the electrochemical characteristics of CDM in order to facilitate the system design. A demonstration system was developed and the test results have proved feasibility of the solution and shown the potential of low cost for mass production. Based on this solution, an interactive medication package for pervasive healthcare is further developed, using EPCglobal Gen2 RFID technology. It will make the medication being accessible for patient only at the prescribed dose and time, and medication taking information will be delivered as well. Such medication package will not only give unprecedented high patient compliance, but also improve the communication between patients and healthcare staffs.
QC 20111202

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Mota, Rafael Perazzo Barbosa. "Extensões ao protocolo de comunicações EPCGloboal para tags Classe 1 utilizando autenticação com criptografia de baixo custo para segurança em identificação por radiofrequencia." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/312.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
EPCGlobal communication protocol for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) does not ensure security and privacy for its system users. This fact makes possible several kinds of security problems on RFID technology usage justifying that security mechanisms should be added to communication protocol preserving the existing standards. This work proposal is based on communication authentication usage making use of low-cost cryptography with the TEA algorithm. The proposed mutual authentication mechanism was specified and proved using BAN logic. All protocol specification has considered the EPCGlobal standard for Class 1 tags as base adding security and privacy extensions to data communication to get protection against several attacks. The results from this work include an authentication protocol formal specification with cryptography allowing this way the protocol standardization using as base the current Class 1 protocol.
O protocolo de comunicação para a Identificação por Radiofreqüência (RFID- Radio Frequency Identification), definido como padrão pela EPCGlobal, não oferece mecanismos para a garantia de segurança e privacidade aos usuários do sistema. Esta característica possibilita a presença de diversos tipos de problemas no emprego da tecnologia justificando que novos mecanismos de segurança sejam incorporados diretamente ao protocolo de comunicação, preservando os padrões existentes. A proposta deste trabalho baseia-se na utilização de autenticação da comunicação com emprego de criptografia de baixo custo utilizando o algoritmo TEA. O mecanismo de autenticação mútua proposto foi especificado e validado com lógica BAN. Toda a especificação do protocolo considerou o padrão EPCGlobal para tags Classe 1 como base, adicionando extensões visando combater as possibilidades de ataques relacionados à segurança e privacidade na comunicação dos dados. Os resultados obtidos com este trabalho incluem a especificação formal de um protocolo de autenticação com criptografia, permitindo a padronização deste protocolo baseado no padrão para tags Classe 1 e preservando a especificação padrão base.

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Florén, Daniel, and Joakim Rydh. "Playing tag with baggage : RFID technology in baggage handling at Stockholm Skavsta Airport." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2848.

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The purpose of this master thesis has been to develop a baggage handling process at Stockholm Skavsta Airport that is cost-efficient, in order to prepare for the expected expansion of the airport. When developing the new process it was a directive to examine the possibilities of using radio frequency identification, RFID, technology and also that the required investment for the new process should have a payback time of no more than two to three years. The current process contains a completely manual sorting activity, which is both costly in terms of personnel and creates some mishandling of baggage due to the human factor. Our recommendation is a baggage handling process that use automatic sorting through RFID technology that eliminates the mishandling of baggage and reduce the personnel costs and at the same time have a payback period of less than three years. The main cost driver is the RFID tag costs and therefore our process is a so called closed-loop system, where the tags are reused several times and require very little work in between uses. The proposed physical layout consists of a drawing of the physical layout of the baggage sorting hall, a description of the RFID system, and the required information system software.

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Araujo, Renato Pereira de. "Sistema RFID complementar de piso tátil para localização de deficientes visuais em ambientes fechados." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11477.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
For the visually impaired, identify which path to follow to reach the desired destination without assistance from healthy people is a challenge. To move in an unknown environment is required to interact with the mechanisms of information. However the visually impaired do not yet have a navigation system in indoor environments with real-time response that allows this this communication. This paper presents a device that allows interaction with the tactile floor to aid navigation and orientation. Through an audio interface, the device provides the visually impaired relevant information on the space around it and the navigation options available. The relevant information is disseminated using labels with radio frequency identification technology, integrated into a microcontroller and an audio playback card. Each label has an electronic product code that allows to identify it uniquely. The label installed in a standard place of tactile floor is linked to an audio file with information about the space and the available routes. The reader integrated development board reads the labels and sends the electronic code to the microcontroller, which in turn identifies the code and assigns this audio file to be played. The device was tested by a volunteer who found all labels positioned on the floor tactile alert, clearly identified its position and reached the desired destination without route errors. Used as a complement to tactile signage, this device provides an interaction between the visually impaired and the existing tactile signage. This project will directly contribute to society, providing a convenient navigation system for people with visual disabilities have greater autonomy
Para os deficientes visuais, identificar qual caminho deve ser seguido para chegar ao destino desejado, sem auxílio de pessoas hígidas, é um desafio. Para se deslocar em um ambiente desconhecido é necessária a interação com os mecanismos de informação. Entretanto os deficientes visuais ainda não contam com um sistema de navegação em ambientes internos com resposta em tempo real que possibilite essa comunicação. Este trabalho apresenta um dispositivo que possibilita a interação com o piso tátil para auxiliar a navegação e a orientação. Por meio de uma interface de áudio, o dispositivo proporciona ao deficiente visual as informações úteis sobre o espaço em seu entorno e as opções de navegação disponíveis. As informações pertinentes são difundidas utilizando etiquetas com tecnologia de identificação por rádio frequência, integradas a um micro controlador e uma placa de reprodução de áudio. Cada etiqueta possui um código de produto eletrônico que permite identificá-la de forma exclusiva. A etiqueta instalada em um local padronizado do piso tátil está atrelada a um arquivo de áudio com informações sobre o espaço e as rotas disponíveis. O leitor integrado a placa de desenvolvimento faz a leitura das etiquetas e envia o código eletrônico ao micro controlador, que por sua vez identifica o código e atribui a este o arquivo de áudio que será reproduzido. O dispositivo foi testado por um voluntário que encontrou todas as etiquetas posicionadas junto ao piso tátil de alerta, identificou claramente sua posição e chegou ao destino desejado sem erros de percurso. Usado como complemento da sinalização tátil, este dispositivo possibilita uma interação entre o deficiente visual e a sinalização tátil existente. Este projeto poderá contribuir diretamente para a sociedade, disponibilizando um sistema de navegação conveniente para que as pessoas com deficiência visual tenham maior autonomia

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Modaresi, Mahyar. "System and Method for Passive Radiative RFID Tag Positioning in Realtime for both Elevation and Azimuth Directions." Thesis, KTH, Communication Systems, CoS, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-24562.

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In this thesis, design and realization of a system which enables precise positioning of RFID tags in both azimuth and elevation angles is explained. The positioning is based on measuring the phase difference between four Yagi antennas placed in two arrays. One array is placed in the azimuth plane and the other array is perpendicular to the first array in the elevation plane. The phase difference of the signals received from the antennas in the azimuth array is used to find the position of RFID tag in the horizontal direction. For the position in the vertical direction, the phase difference of the signals received from the antennas in the elevation plane is used. After that the position of tag in horizontal and vertical directions is used to control the mouse cursor in the horizontal and vertical directions on the computer screen. In this way by attaching one RFID tag to a plastic rod, a wireless pen is implemented which enables drawing in the air by using a program like Paint in Windows. Simulated results show that the resolution of the tag positioning in the system is in the order of 3mm in a distance equal to 0.5 meter in front of the array with few number of averaging over the received phase data. Using the system in practice reveals that it is easily possible to write and draw with this RFID pen. In addition it is argued how the system is totally immune to any counterfeit attempt for faked drawings by randomly changing the transmitting antenna in the array. This will make the system a novel option for human identity verification.

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Alkadi, Alaa. "Anomaly Detection in RFID Networks." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/768.

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Available security standards for RFID networks (e.g. ISO/IEC 29167) are designed to secure individual tag-reader sessions and do not protect against active attacks that could also compromise the system as a whole (e.g. tag cloning or replay attacks). Proper traffic characterization models of the communication within an RFID network can lead to better understanding of operation under “normal” system state conditions and can consequently help identify security breaches not addressed by current standards. This study of RFID traffic characterization considers two piecewise-constant data smoothing techniques, namely Bayesian blocks and Knuth’s algorithms, over time-tagged events and compares them in the context of rate-based anomaly detection. This was accomplished using data from experimental RFID readings and comparing (1) the event counts versus time if using the smoothed curves versus empirical histograms of the raw data and (2) the threshold-dependent alert-rates based on inter-arrival times obtained if using the smoothed curves versus that of the raw data itself. Results indicate that both algorithms adequately model RFID traffic in which inter-event time statistics are stationary but that Bayesian blocks become superior for traffic in which such statistics experience abrupt changes.

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Larsson, Björn, and Ola Qviberg. "Evaluation and Justification of an RFID Implementation : Pilot at IKEA Customer Distribution Centre." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2734.

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The purpose of this final thesis isto develop a model for justification and evaluation of RFID technology. RFID is a new, relatively untested, technology using radio signals for automatic identification of different objects. Our theoretical frame of references focuses on research about RFID and implementation iss ues, we also conducted case studies and interviews in order to learn about RFID. Most RFID installations of today are Pilots or early adopters wanting to try new technology. A lot of the written sources were reports from consultancy firms or suppliers of technology.

Implementing RFID in real environment gave important insights into potentials and limitations of the technology. It proved that it is difficult to achieve sufficient readability in a steel environment. We also learned that one should not underestimate the time for installation and tuning in order to meet higher readability. The project finally resulted in an iterative model for justification and evaluation of RFID technology.

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39

Monti, Michele. "Ottimizzazione di sistemi Wake-Up Radio per applicazioni RFID basate su microcontrollori ultra-low power." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13265/.

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Oggetto di studio di questa tesi di laurea è la realizzazione di un firmware dedicato alla sezione logica di controllo di una Wake-up Radio implementata su tag RFID, realizzata attraverso l'utilizzo di un microcontrollore ultra-low power. Per la realizzazione del sistema, si é deciso di utilizzare il microcontrollore Apollo prodotto da Ambiq Micro. Tale dispositivo, basandosi sull'architettura Subthreshold Power Optimized Technology (SPOT) brevettata da Ambiq, utilizza transistori polarizzati in regione di sottosoglia, presentando i migliori valori di consumo dichiarati sul mercato.

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Contractor, Bhavik. "Two Dimensional Localization of Passive UHF RFID Tags." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1229465514.

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41

Dighe, Ashish Arun. "Implementation of RSA Cryptosystem for Next Generation RFID Tags." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19856.

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This thesis addresses concepts of implementing a RSA cryptosystem on a passive RFID tag. With a limited number of public key cryptosystems on passive RFID platforms, the proposed algorithm makes use of Montgomery multiplication primitives to reduce the amount of computation required on the power constrained tag therefore making the proposition viable. Public key cryptography is being suggested for next generation RFID systems to reduce the number of possible attack vectors native to this type of technology. By estimating the area, power and time constraints of the RFID platform, it was determined that the area constraint was the critical variable in determining the maximum implementable security variable. Although the application of this algorithm has been targeted for passive HF RFID platforms, the algorithm could be used in other low power, sized constrained applications.

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42

Feng, Yi. "Printed RFID Humidity Sensor Tags for Flexible Smart Systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell och Medicinsk Elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-162152.

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Radio frequency identification (RFID) and sensing are two key technologies enabling the Internet of Things (IoT). Development of RFID tags augmented with sensing capabilities (RFID sensor tags) would allow a variety of new applications, leading to a new paradigm of the IoT. Chipless RFID sensor technology offers a low-cost solution by eliminating the need of an integrated circuit (IC) chip, and is hence highly desired for many applications. On the other hand, printing technologies have revolutionized the world of electronics, enabling cost-effective manufacturing of large-area and flexible electronics. By means of printing technologies, chipless RFID sensor tags could be made flexible and lightweight at a very low cost, lending themselves to the realization of ubiquitous intelligence in the IoT era. This thesis investigated three construction methods of printable chipless RFID humidity sensor tags, with focus on the incorporation of the sensing function. In the first method, wireless sensing based on backscatter modulation was separately realized by loading an antenna with a humidity-sensing resistor. An RFID sensor tag could then be constructed by combining the wireless sensor with a chipless RFID tag. In the second method, a chipless RFID sensor tag was built up by introducing a delay line between the antenna and the resistor. Based on time-domain reflectometry (TDR), the tag encoded ID in the delay time between its structural-mode and antenna-mode scattering pulse, and performed the sensing function by modulating the amplitude of the antenna-mode pulse. In both of the above methods, a resistive-type humidity-sensing material was required. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) presented themselves as promising candidate due to their outstanding electrical, structural and mechanical properties. MWCNTs functionalized (f-MWCNTs) by acid treatment demonstrated high sensitivity and fast response to relative humidity (RH), owing to the presence of carboxylic acid groups. The f-MWCNTs also exhibited superior mechanical flexibility, as their resistance and sensitivity remained almost stable under either tensile or compressive stress. Moreover, an inkjet printing process was developed for the f-MWCNTs starting from ink formulation to device fabrication. By applying the f-MWCNTs, a flexible humidity sensor based on backscatter modulation was thereby presented. The operating frequency range of the sensor was significantly enhanced by adjusting the parasitic capacitance in the f-MWCNTs resistor. A fully-printed time-coded chipless RFID humidity sensor tag was also demonstrated. In addition, a multi-parameter sensor based on TDR was proposed.The sensor concept was verified by theoretical analysis and circuit simulation. In the third method, frequency-spectrum signature was utilized considering its advantages such as coding capacity, miniaturization, and immunity to noise. As signal collision problem is inherently challenging in chipless RFID sensor systems, short-range identification and sensing applications are believed to embody the core values of the chipless RFID sensor technology. Therefore a chipless RFID humidity sensor tag based on near-field inductive coupling was proposed. The tag was composed of two planar inductor-capacitor (LC) resonators, one for identification, and the other one for sensing. Moreover, paper was proposed to serve as humidity-sensing substrate for the sensor resonator on accounts of its porous and absorptive features. Both inkjet paper and ordinary packaging paper were studied. A commercial UV-coated packaging paper was proven to be a viable and more robust alternative to expensive inkjet paper as substrate for inkjet-printed metal conductors. The LC resonators printed on paper substrates showed excellent sensitivity and reasonable response time to humidity in terms of resonant frequency. Particularly, the resonator printed on the UV-coated packaging paper exhibited the largest sensitivity from 20% to 70% RH, demonstrating the possibilities of directly printing the sensor tag on traditional packages to realize intelligent packaging at an ultra-low cost.

QC 20150326

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43

Jayaraman, Ramprabhu. "Object localization using passive RFID tags." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051834.

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Muwanguzi, Mark. "Security framework for low cost RFID tags." Thesis, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000289.

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Thesis (MTech. degree in Computer Systems) -- Tshwane University of Technology, 2010.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems are becoming more popular today, especially in first world countries. This is a result of the systems wide range of applications. RFID technology is used in several industries, such as: transport, sport, medicine and government institutions. The advantages that the technology offers promote its widespread use and implementation in various industries. RFID systems have the capacity to store more information than other identification technologies (for example barcode technology). Data can be read with ease as it does not require line of sight and human intervention. Despite several implementations in many industries, RFID still has some disadvantages, for instance implementation cost and issues of security and privacy. The focus of this study is the security and privacy issues in the RFID environment.

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Liu, X., K. Li, Y. Shen, Geyong Min, B. Xiao, W. Qu, and H. Li. "A fast approach to unknown tag identification in large scale RFID systems." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9682.

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No
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been widely applied in many scenarios such as inventory control, supply chain management due to its superior properties including fast identification and relatively long interrogating range over barcode systems. It is critical to efficiently identify the unknown tags because these tags can appear when new tagged objects are moved in or wrongly placed. The state-of-the-art Basic Unknown tag Identification Protocol-with Collision-Fresh slot paring (BUIP-CF) protocol can first deactivate all the known tags and then collect all the unknown tags. However, BUIP-CF protocol investigates an ALOHA-like technique and causes too many tag responses, which results in low efficiency. This paper proposes a Fast Unknown tag Identification (FUI) protocol which investigates an indicator vector to label the unknown tags with a given accuracy and removes the time-consuming tag responses in the deactivation phase. FUI also adopts the classical Enhanced Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA (EDFSA) protocol to collect the labeled unknown tags. We then investigate the optimal parameter settings to maximize the performance of the proposed FUI protocol. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed FUI protocol and the experimental results show that it considerably outperforms the state-of-the-art protocol.

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46

Atojoko, Achimugu A., N. M. Jan, Fauzi Elmegri, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, Chan H. See, and James M. Noras. "Energy efficient gully pot monitoring system using radio frequency identification (RFID)." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9621.

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No
Sewer and gully flooding have become major causes of pollution particularly in the residential areas majorly caused by blockages in the water system and drainages. An effective way of avoiding this problem will be by deploying some mechanism to monitor gully pot water level at each point in time and escalating unusual liquid levels to the relevant authorities for prompt action to avoid a flooding occurrence. This paper presents a low cost power efficient gully pot liquid level monitoring technique. Passive RFID tags are deployed and signal variation from the Alien Reader Software are used to effectively estimate the level of liquid in the gully pot. The experimental set up is presented and an expository presentation is made of the passive tag design, modelled and simulated and adopted for same application.

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47

Sridharan, Rajasekaran. "Relationship between Frequency of RFID Tags and Its Ability to Penetrate Fresh Concrete." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-8025.

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The concrete maturity method can be utilized to determine in situ strength of concrete. It uses the temperature of concrete to determine a maturity index that can then be used to determine strength of concrete. However, monitoring the concrete temperature using thermocouples brings up a wiring issue, which is not advisable in an equipment and human intensive area like a construction site. One of the ways to get around this wiring issue is to use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, which is capable of transmitting information wirelessly. Previous research implemented using ultra high frequency RFID tags embedded in fresh concrete found that water could be the impediment for transmitting RFID signal from within concrete during early stages of curing. From literature it was found that lower the frequency, better the chances of the wave penetrating water. The objective of the research was to figure out whether the frequency of RFID tags has any relationship with the readability of RFID tags embedded in fresh concrete. For this investigation, low frequency, high frequency, and ultra high frequency RFID tags were tested within fresh concrete to see any difference between tags in terms of transmitting information. This experiment was carried out in a controlled space to reduce the number of variables affecting the experiment outcome. The low frequency, high frequency, and ultra high frequency RFID tags were placed within 2 in x 3 in x 2 in wooden formwork at a depth of 4 in, 8 in, and 12 in. Ready mix concrete was poured into the formwork and 3 concrete cubes were cast with the tags embedded within them. Readers that could be connected to a laptop were used to monitor and collect the time at which these RFID tags can be detected. The test showed that the RFID signals from the low frequency tags at all depths were detected as soon as concrete was poured. The Ultra High Frequency tags placed at the 4" level could be detected 15 minutes after concrete was poured. The UHF tags at the 8" level could be detected after 30 minutes. The UHF tags at the 12" level took on an average 2 hours to be detected from the vicinity of the formwork. The greater the depth at which the ultra high frequency tag was buried the longer it took for it to be detected. The high frequency tags could be detected only at the 4" level. The reason the performance of the HF card degraded in concrete could be because it uses an aluminum foil antenna which is more susceptible to the environment changing the relative permeability. A copper wire antenna could have fared better in this condition, increasing the chances of detecting the tag. Moreover a passive tag was used. The read range and chances of detection could have been increased had an active tag been used. The power of the reader that was used was also very less which might have contributed to the tag not being detected. Among the tags that were used in the experiment it was found that low frequency tags was the tag that could be detected the earliest after concrete was poured into the forms. However, the maximum read range of the tag observed in the experiment was 20" which is too small a distance to be used on an actual construction site.

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48

Winata, Enrico, and 郭心傑. "Octad Algorithm for RFID Tag Identification." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67156846711173069161.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
資訊管理系
98
Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID), a non-contact identification technology, which has high speed identification ability, is widely implemented in several applications, such as supply-chain management systems, Electronic Toll Collection, healthcare facilities, etc. The concept of RFID is to use the reader to gather the information from the tags as quickly as it can. The communication between the reader and the tags uses a shared wireless channel. When multiple tags simultaneously transmit their IDs back to the reader, signal collision will occur, increases the higher transmission delay and communication overhead. Thus, it is urgently needed a signal collision resolution for efficient tag identification. In this paper, we propose a novel, tree-based anti-collision scheme, called The Octad Algorithm (Octad) which embeds two novel concepts, i.e. 3-bit parity string and 3-bit encoding string. The simulation results show that Octad outperforms other existing tree-based anti-collision schemes in terms of identification delay and communication overhead.

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Ghiotto, Anthony. "Conception d'antennes de tags RFID UHF, application a la réalisation par jet de matière." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00389807.

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L'identification par radiofréquence constitue une technologie émergente et très prometteuse pour l'identification des biens et des personnes : automatisation des opérations manuelles, rapidité, informations précises...
Il existe plusieurs technologies RFID. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la technologie UHF passive et plus particulièrement à la conception, caractérisation et fabrication des antennes de tags RFID. En 2007, il s'est vendu plus de 1,7 milliard de tags RFID. En vue de réduire le coût de ces derniers, nous abordons leur fabrication par une technique très prometteuse qui pourrait révolutionner l'électronique, le jet d'encre. Ces travaux s'appuient sur des simulations électromagnétiques et des mesures, et considèrent différents types d'antennes RFID.

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50

Heng-HuaLiu and 劉恒華. "A Novel Blocking scheme for one time Identification of large-scale staying tags in RFID system." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/drwtg5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Identification of RFID tags'

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