Relevant bibliographies by topics / Identifying words

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Identifying words'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Identifying words"

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Spencer, Andrew. "Identifying Stems." Word Structure 5, no. 1 (2012): 88–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2012.0021.

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Programmatic proposals are presented for identifying the boundary between stem and affix in morphologically complex words. This is part of the wider, largely unresearched, problem of segmenting words into morphs. Two principles are proposed for expediting stem segmentation: the Strictly Morphomic Stem Hypothesis (‘all stems are morphomic’) and the Stem Maximization Principle (‘a putative inflection must unambiguously realize a coherent set of morphosyntactic properties, otherwise it is part of a morphomic stem’). It is proposed that there should be a separate stem formation component with essentially the same architecture as the inflectional component to define members of the stem space. 1
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Hassan, Ahmed, Amjad Abu-Jbara, Wanchen Lu, and Dragomir Radev. "A Random Walk–Based Model for Identifying Semantic Orientation." Computational Linguistics 40, no. 3 (2014): 539–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00192.

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Automatically identifying the sentiment polarity of words is a very important task that has been used as the essential building block of many natural language processing systems such as text classification, text filtering, product review analysis, survey response analysis, and on-line discussion mining. We propose a method for identifying the sentiment polarity of words that applies a Markov random walk model to a large word relatedness graph, and produces a polarity estimate for any given word. The model can accurately and quickly assign a polarity sign and magnitude to any word. It can be used both in a semi-supervised setting where a training set of labeled words is used, and in a weakly supervised setting where only a handful of seed words is used to define the two polarity classes. The method is experimentally tested using a gold standard set of positive and negative words from the General Inquirer lexicon. We also show how our method can be used for three-way classification which identifies neutral words in addition to positive and negative words. Our experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in the semi-supervised setting and is comparable to the best reported values in the weakly supervised setting. In addition, the proposed method is faster and does not need a large corpus. We also present extensions of our methods for identifying the polarity of foreign words and out-of-vocabulary words.
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Hochmann, Jean-Rémy, Ansgar D. Endress, and Jacques Mehler. "Word frequency as a cue for identifying function words in infancy." Cognition 115, no. 3 (2010): 444–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2010.03.006.

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Hu, Fei, Xiaofei Xu, and Li Li. "Identifying word evolution by incorporating PoS and avoiding alignment of temporal words." Applied Soft Computing 85 (December 2019): 105738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105738.

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Cook, Paul, and Suzanne Stevenson. "Automatically Identifying the Source Words of Lexical Blends in English." Computational Linguistics 36, no. 1 (2010): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli.2010.36.1.36104.

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Newly coined words pose problems for natural language processing systems because they are not in a system's lexicon, and therefore no lexical information is available for such words. A common way to form new words is lexical blending, as in cosmeceutical, a blend of cosmetic and pharmaceutical. We propose a statistical model for inferring a blend's source words drawing on observed linguistic properties of blends; these properties are largely based on the recognizability of the source words in a blend. We annotate a set of 1,186 recently coined expressions which includes 515 blends, and evaluate our methods on a 324-item subset. In this first study of novel blends we achieve an accuracy of 40% on the task of inferring a blend's source words, which corresponds to a reduction in error rate of 39% over an informed baseline. We also give preliminary results showing that our features for source word identification can be used to distinguish blends from other kinds of novel words.
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Wang, Hanqi, Fei Wu, Weiming Lu, et al. "Identifying Objective and Subjective Words via Topic Modeling." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 29, no. 3 (2018): 718–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2016.2626379.

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Roring, Roy W., Franklin G. Hines, and Neil Charness. "Age Differences in Identifying Words in Synthetic Speech." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49, no. 1 (2007): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872007779598055.

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Gvozdeva, Elena Viktorovna. "Compound Nonce Words: Ways to Determine Identifying Features." Filologičeskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, no. 2 (February 2021): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil210023.

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Prioli, Simone C., and Todd A. Kahan. "Identifying words that emerge into consciousness: Effects of word valence and unconscious previewing." Consciousness and Cognition 35 (September 2015): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.005.

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Hardiyanti, Margareta. "Identifying The Common Type of Spelling Error by Leveraging Levenshtein Distance and N-gram." Scientific Journal of Informatics 8, no. 1 (2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sji.v8i1.29273.

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A spelling error commonly occurs during document writing. It probably happens due to the authors’ vocabulary incompetence or they may strike the improper key in the keyboard. The types of errors that mostly appear such as insertion of an extra letter, deletion of one letter, substitution of one letter, or transposition of two adjacent letters. This study aims to identify the common type of spelling error and it uses the list of common misspelling words submitted by Wikipedia contributors.A brief overview of Levenshtein and N-gram distance techniques is provided to describe the technical approaches that support the author to achieve the purpose of this study.Those two techniques are utilised to predict the correct word of misspellings from the English dictionary.This study shows that Levenshtein works well to correct substitution single letter and transposition two sequenced letters, while N-gram operates effectively to fix the word with letter omission.The overall result is then evaluated by recall measurement to see which technique that works well on correcting the misspellings. Since the recall of Levenshtein is higher than N-gram, it is concluded that the frequency of misspelling words which are correctly fixed by Levenshteinoccurs more often.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Identifying words"

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Haidar, Rouba. "Élaboration et test d’un programme de remédiation aux difficultés en lecture au Cours Préparatoire." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH5951/document.

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Le premier objectif de notre étude, menée auprès de classes de cours préparatoire, est de détecter les compétences les moins maîtrisées liées à l’identification des mots et à la compréhension d’un texte, à partir d’une grille d’observation des compétences de base mises en place au CP par le ministère de l’Éducation. Le second objectif est d’élaborer et de tester l’efficacité d’un programme de remédiation basé sur des entraînements de processus d’apprentissage de la lecture en CP et de compréhension de textes (l’anaphore et l’inférence), adaptés à des enfants en difficultés âgés de 6 ans. Le nombre d'élèves ayant participé est de 61 : 42 élèves de deux groupes expérimentaux et 19 élèves d'un groupe témoin. Notre recherche a montré que d’une part, les deux groupes expérimentaux d’élèves progressent mieux que le groupe témoin pour 8 compétences sur 10. D’autre part, les progrès réalisés par les élèves ont été maintenus sur la durée et le programme de remédiation s'est révélé efficace autant pour les filles que pour les garçons<br>Our first objective in this study, carried out with Year 2 pupils, was to identify the least well- mastered skills relating to the identification of words and the comprehension of a text using a grid of basic skills established by the Ministry of Education. The second objective was to create and test the effectiveness of a remedial program based on training in the process of learning to read in Year 2, and reading comprehension skills (anaphora and inference) adapted for six-year-old pupils with difficulties. The number of pupils taking part in the study was 61: 42 in the two trial groups and 19 in the control group. Our study showed that on the one hand, students the students in the two trial groups made better progress than the control group in 8 out of the 10 skills. On the other hand, progress made by pupils lasted over a period of time and the intervention program showed itself to be equally successful for girls as for boys
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Vandomme, Elise. "Contributions to combinatorics on words in an abelian context and covering problems in graphs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENM010/document.

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Cette dissertation se divise en deux parties, distinctes mais connexes, qui sont le reflet de la cotutelle. Nous étudions et résolvons des problèmes concernant d'une part la combinatoire des mots dans un contexte abélien et d'autre part des problèmes de couverture dans des graphes. Chaque question fait l'objet d'un chapitre. En combinatoire des mots, le premier problème considéré s'intéresse à la régularité des suites au sens défini par Allouche et Shallit. Nous montrons qu'une suite qui satisfait une certaine propriété de symétrie est 2-régulière. Ensuite, nous appliquons ce théorème pour montrer que les fonctions de complexité 2-abélienne du mot de Thue--Morse ainsi que du mot appelé ''period-doubling'' sont 2-régulières. Les calculs et arguments développés dans ces démonstrations s'inscrivent dans un schéma plus général que nous espérons pouvoir utiliser à nouveau pour prouver d'autres résultats de régularité. Le deuxième problème poursuit le développement de la notion de mot de retour abélien introduite par Puzynina et Zamboni. Nous obtenons une caractérisation des mots sturmiens avec un intercepte non nul en termes du cardinal (fini ou non) de l'ensemble des mots de retour abélien par rapport à tous les préfixes. Nous décrivons cet ensemble pour Fibonacci ainsi que pour Thue--Morse (bien que cela ne soit pas un mot sturmien). Nous étudions la relation existante entre la complexité abélienne et le cardinal de cet ensemble. En théorie des graphes, le premier problème considéré traite des codes identifiants dans les graphes. Ces codes ont été introduits par Karpovsky, Chakrabarty et Levitin pour modéliser un problème de détection de défaillance dans des réseaux multiprocesseurs. Le rapport entre la taille optimale d'un code identifiant et la taille optimale du relâchement fractionnaire d'un code identifiant est comprise entre 1 et 2 ln(|V|)+1 où V est l'ensemble des sommets du graphe. Nous nous concentrons sur les graphes sommet-transitifs, car nous pouvons y calculer précisément la solution fractionnaire. Nous exhibons des familles infinies, appelées quadrangles généralisés, de graphes sommet-transitifs pour lesquelles les solutions entière et fractionnaire sont de l'ordre |V|^k avec k dans {1/4, 1/3, 2/5}. Le second problème concerne les (r,a,b)-codes couvrants de la grille infinie déjà étudiés par Axenovich et Puzynina. Nous introduisons la notion de 2-coloriages constants de graphes pondérés et nous les étudions dans le cas de quatre cycles pondérés particuliers. Nous présentons une méthode permettant de lier ces 2-coloriages aux codes couvrants. Enfin, nous déterminons les valeurs exactes des constantes a et b de tout (r,a,b)-code couvrant de la grille infinie avec |a-b|&gt;4. Il s'agit d'une extension d'un théorème d'Axenovich<br>This dissertation is divided into two (distinct but connected) parts that reflect the joint PhD. We study and we solve several questions regarding on the one hand combinatorics on words in an abelian context and on the other hand covering problems in graphs. Each particular problem is the topic of a chapter. In combinatorics on words, the first problem considered focuses on the 2-regularity of sequences in the sense of Allouche and Shallit. We prove that a sequence satisfying a certain symmetry property is 2-regular. Then we apply this theorem to show that the 2-abelian complexity functions of the Thue--Morse word and the period-doubling word are 2-regular. The computation and arguments leading to these results fit into a quite general scheme that we hope can be used again to prove additional regularity results. The second question concerns the notion of return words up to abelian equivalence, introduced by Puzynina and Zamboni. We obtain a characterization of Sturmian words with non-zero intercept in terms of the finiteness of the set of abelian return words to all prefixes. We describe this set of abelian returns for the Fibonacci word but also for the Thue-Morse word (which is not Sturmian). We investigate the relationship existing between the abelian complexity and the finiteness of this set. In graph theory, the first problem considered deals with identifying codes in graphs. These codes were introduced by Karpovsky, Chakrabarty and Levitin to model fault-diagnosis in multiprocessor systems. The ratio between the optimal size of an identifying code and the optimal size of a fractional relaxation of an identifying code is between 1 and 2 ln(|V|)+1 where V is the vertex set of the graph. We focus on vertex-transitive graphs, since we can compute the exact fractional solution for them. We exhibit infinite families, called generalized quadrangles, of vertex-transitive graphs with integer and fractional identifying codes of order |V|^k with k in {1/4,1/3,2/5}. The second problem concerns (r,a,b)-covering codes of the infinite grid already studied by Axenovich and Puzynina. We introduce the notion of constant 2-labellings of weighted graphs and study them in four particular weighted cycles. We present a method to link these labellings with covering codes. Finally, we determine the precise values of the constants a and b of any (r,a,b)-covering code of the infinite grid with |a-b|&gt;4. This is an extension of a theorem of Axenovich
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Tolley-Stokes, Rebecca. "Identifying Markets for Family Writing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5767.

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Book Summary: This book provides guidance and insight for women who write about family. Award-winning women writers from all walks of life share their experiences in planning, composing, editing, publishing, teaching, and promoting work in a variety of writing genres. Readers will learn to tackle sensitive family issues and avoid pitfalls in memoir writing, poetry, fiction, and others. Filled with tips, exercises, and anecdotes, this anthology is appropriate for both well-seasoned writers and those just beginning.
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Travis, Spencer Kyle, Jacob Goodin, Dylan Suarez, and Caleb D. Bazyler. "Identifying a Surrogate Measure of Weightlifting Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5795.

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Hemphill, Jean Croce. "Identifying Strengths in Rural Homeless Abused Women." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7580.

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Boggs, Teresa. "Identifying Feeding Disorders in the Pediatric Physician’s Office." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1522.

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McGarry, Theresa. "Identifying and Encouraging Active Learning Through Speech Events." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6168.

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Bossaer, John B. "Systematic Approach to Identifying Drug Interactions with Oral Antin." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2360.

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Moser, Michele R. "Identifying and Treating Children and Families Impacted by Trauma." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5003.

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Cherry, Donna J., and Patty Gibbs-Wahlberg. "Gatekeeping: Identifying and Addressing Problem Behaviors in the Classroom." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7658.

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Student characteristics that indicate a questionable professional fit are often more evident in the field than in the classroom, yet faculty have a responsibility to students and field supervisors to identify and address these issues earlier. This workshop will discuss a systematic approach for implementing gatekeeping across the program.
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Books on the topic "Identifying words"

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Morton, A. Q. Proper words in proper places: A general introduction to the use of cumulative sum techniques for identifying the source of written or spoken utterance. University of Glasgow, Department of Computing Science, 1991.

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Literature, Society of Biblical, ed. Pentateuch, Hexateuch, or Enneateuch: Identifying literary works in Genesis through Kings. Brill, 2011.

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Literature, Society of Biblical, ed. Pentateuch, Hexateuch, or Enneateuch: Identifying literary works in Genesis through Kings. Society of Biblical Literature, 2011.

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Lake, Judson Shepherd. Ellen White under fire: Identifying the mistakes of her critics. Pacific Press Pub. Association, 2010.

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Ellen White under fire: Identifying the mistakes of her critics. Pacific Press Pub. Association, 2010.

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Bridget, Watts, ed. Rocky Mountain tree finder: A pocket manual for identifying Rocky Mountain trees. 2nd ed. Nature Study Guild Publishers, 2008.

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Watts, Tom. Rocky Mountain tree finder: A pocket manual for identifying Rocky Mountain trees. 2nd ed. Nature Study Guild Publishers, 2008.

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Watts, Tom. Rocky Mountain tree finder: A pocket manual for identifying Rocky Mountain trees. 2nd ed. Nature Study Guild Publishers, 2008.

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Watts, Tom. Rocky Mountain tree finder: A pocket manual for identifying Rocky Mountain trees. 2nd ed. Nature Study Guild Publishers, 2008.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome: A woman's guide to identifying & managing PCOS. Allen & Unwin, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Identifying words"

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Brahmachari, Ankita, Priya Singh, Avdhesh Garg, and Dipankar Das. "Identifying Psychological Theme Words from Emotion Annotated Interviews." In Mining Intelligence and Knowledge Exploration. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03844-5_71.

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Steiner, Petra. "Identifying Content and Function Words in Non-Annotated Corpora." In Sprache zwischen Theorie und Technologie / Language between Theory and Technology. Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81289-6_23.

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Steen, Gerard J., Aletta G. Dorst, J. Berenike Herrmann, Anna A. Kaal, Tina Krennmayr, and Tryntje Pasma. "Chapter 2. MIPVU: A manual for identifying metaphor-related words." In Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/celcr.22.02ste.

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Zhang, Xiuzhen, and Yun Zhou. "Holistic Approaches to Identifying the Sentiment of Blogs Using Opinion Words." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24434-6_2.

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Zadeh, AmirAli B., Kenji Sagae, and Louis Philippe Morency. "Towards Learning Nonverbal Identities from the Web: Automatically Identifying Visually Accentuated Words." In Intelligent Virtual Agents. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09767-1_60.

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Li, Hongzheng, Yun Zhu, and Yaohong Jin. "Identifying Verb-Preposition Multi-Category Words in Chinese-English Patent Machine Translation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14803-8_32.

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Kaliciak, Leszek, Dawei Song, Nirmalie Wiratunga, and Jeff Pan. "Improving Content-Based Image Retrieval by Identifying Least and Most Correlated Visual Words." In Information Retrieval Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35341-3_27.

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Scott, Mike. "3. Comparing corpora and identifying key words, collocations, and frequency distributions through the Word Smith Tools suite of computer programs." In Small Corpus Studies and ELT. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.5.07sco.

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Tachau, Katherine H. "Words for Color: Naming, Signifying and Identifying Color in the Theologies of Roger Bacon and His Contemporaries." In Rencontres de Philosophie Médiévale. Brepols Publishers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rpm-eb.3.1110.

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Etongo, Daniel, Vincent Amelie, Angelique Pouponneau, and Walter Leal Filho. "Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation in the Seychelles." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_136.

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AbstractAs a Small Island Developing State (SIDS), Seychelles is quite vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and adaptation is considered a national priority. Despite efforts to enhance its adaptive capacity, a number of barriers still hamper the adaptation process such as fragile institutions and inadequate governance to climate change, financial and human resource capacity constraints, and limited scientific knowledge and understanding of how climate change affects the country. A key barrier to climate change adaptation in the Seychelles is called “remote” or “legacy” barriers – linked to land use decisions made five decades ago during which wetlands were reclaimed for property development. Therefore, 80% of Seychelles’ critical infrastructures are located on the coastline and are exposed to floods, erosion, and sea level rise. Additionally, the pros and cons of hard and soft adaptation interventions in the Seychelles ranging from rock armoring, retaining wall, groynes to ecosystem-based adaptation actions such as timber piling, beach nourishment, dune management, rainwater harvesting, and mangrove and coral restoration are assessed with recommendations on the way forward. In other words, this chapter provides some examples of actions and strategies that may assist the island nations to improve on adaptation actions. An example that addresses partly the financial constrain is the Seychelles’ Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust (SeyCCAT) that provide funding for medium- and large-scale project in the Seychelles since 2015.
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Conference papers on the topic "Identifying words"

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Ngoc Anh, Tran, Nguyen Phuong Thai, Dao Thanh Tinh, and Nguyen Hong Quan. "Identifying reduplicative words for Vietnamese word segmentation." In 2015 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing & Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rivf.2015.7049878.

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Ozdowska, Sylwia. "Identifying correspondences between words." In the Workshop. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1706238.1706246.

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Tran, Ngoc Anh, Thanh Tinh Dao, and Phuong Thai Nguyen. "Identifying coordinated compound words for Vietnamese word segmentation." In 2013 International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socpar.2013.7054145.

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Li, Yingjie. "To Play Words Based on Video Identifying." In 2010 Second International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etcs.2010.71.

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Teh, Phoey Lee, Chi-Bin Cheng, and Weng Mun Chee. "Identifying and Categorising Profane Words in Hate Speech." In the 2nd International Conference. ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3193077.3193078.

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Zhongming Han, Qian Mo, Min Zuo, and Dagao Duan. "Efficiently identifying semantic orientation algorithm for Chinese words." In 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccasm.2010.5620207.

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Janson, Svante, and Tero Laihonen. "An optimal result for codes identifying sets of words." In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2009.5206019.

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Pylieva, Hanna, Artem Chernodub, Natalia Grabar, and Thierry Hamon. "RNN Embeddings for Identifying Difficult to Understand Medical Words." In Proceedings of the 18th BioNLP Workshop and Shared Task. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-5011.

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Pon-Barry, Heather, and Stuart Shieber. "Identifying uncertain words within an utterance via prosodic features." In Interspeech 2009. ISCA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-470.

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Yang, Yang, Ruifan Li, and Yanquan Zhou. "A hybrid approach to identifying sentiment polarity for new words." In 2014 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems (VITAE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vitae.2014.6934435.

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Reports on the topic "Identifying words"

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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, et al. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.
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