Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Identité sexuelle – États-Unis – 20e siècle'
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Gourbe, Géraldine. "Prolégomènes à une réflexion sur l'être-ensemble : analyse critique de la performance nord-américaine des années 70-80." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100089.
Full textWe questioned political and aesthetic links between artistic performance and feminist speeches from the critical analysis of a North American artistic and feminist collective of the seventies and the eighties, the Feminist Art Program. We located our research about art and feminism, at first, in the epistemologic context of the queer theory's spreading in North America then Europe, a theory who favoured rapprochement between performance and questions of gender identity. We considered then another reading of feminist performances by considering them to be productions being recovering from conventions, from contexts of appearance and from exchanges configurant of alternatives for a group-being. The collective experience of the Feminist Art Program is in this title a peculiar example. We finally set out to show that feminist and artistic practice is not reserved for the only problems of the woman and gender, but on the contrary participates in a global politic which question the society as a whole
Blanc, Emilie. "Art Power : tactiques artistiques et politiques de l’identité en Californie (1966-1990)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20040/document.
Full textIn 1966, the Black Power Movement, which influenced numerous other social liberation movements, signaled a paradigm shift in American activism designated by the term “identity politics.” By affirming the necessity for a political analysis of discrimination, identity politics called for profound changes in society, which also influenced the visual arts, resulting in important changes regarding the definition of art and the role of the artist in American society. By drawing on this new politics of identity, these artists incorporated activism into practice, creating original forms of expression and challenging the validity of the canon. This research project explores the encounters between visual arts and identity politics, as well as the broader relationship between art and politics, through a chronological and comparative case study of California from 1966 to 1990—a cultural context much less studied than the New York scene—in order to determine its importance for later artistic practices and discourses on identity. This thesis in Art History, to which cultural studies and feminism have made fundamental contributions, therefore proposes to establish artistic convergences around themes linked to the central premises of identity politics while at the same time highlighting new approaches in the fields of art, politics and theory
Bouchet, Sala Agnès. "Transmission et transformation identitaire, l'ambivalence du programme d'enseignement général à l'Université de Stanford (1920-1998)." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030170.
Full textCore requirements generally involve interdisciplinary study in humanities and sciences. Their aim is to provide a shared cultural heritage and intellectual experience for all undergraduate students at a particular institution. Therefore they inherently contribute to the building of a common identity. We studuy the cultural contents of four successive general education courses at Stanford University from 1920 to 1998, and give an insight on American identity in relation to its context of production. Our findings reveal a double process through which certain features of the American identity are preserved and others transformed, insuring social continuity as well as social change. Though this duality implies tensions, it is also a proof of American dynamism and adaptability to the needs of the society of a time. .
Sourisce, Nicolas. "La presse ethnique et l'étude des réseaux diasporiques : exemples de communautés juives américaines." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040245.
Full textInside the American Jewish press, man can see two ways of what being Jewish means, today, in America. The first one is connected with neighbourhood; but according to the main American Jewish institutions, the Jewish identity must have other territorial marks: the United States of America, Israel, and all the countries of the Diaspora. Studying the American Jewish press allows, then, in order to underscore a new geography of the American Jews' identity. Its deliveries make ethnic press to be a judicious residential indication. The cartography of the adverts and editorials is also a cultural and economic indication. There is therefore an ambiguity in the American Jewish identity structure: to the fighting as a group, in order to maintain a dynamic cultural and political Diaspora network, answer more individualistic political behaviours, which are basic American ones. On the one hand, the Jewish cultural specificity survival; on the other hand, the assimilation process
Martin-Breteau, Nicolas. "Corps politiques : sport et combat civiques des Africains-Américains à Washington, D.C., et Baltimore (v. 1890 - v. 1970)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0097.
Full textThis dissertation explores the role of sport in the struggles for dignity, equality and rights of the African American communities of Washington, D. C. , and Baltimore between the 1890s and the 1960s. Its aim is to explain how athletics constituted a means of political action seeking to counter racial prejudices on the "natural" inferiority of the black body which legitimized its social oppression. The public display of the dignity of the black body functioned as a claim of symbolic equality, compensating for the relative privation of speech endured by African Americans as they were exduded from the civic community. Since the end of Reconstruction, African American elites have promoted sport as a central element of the perfectionist tactics of "racial uplift" in order to integrate the national community. The main objective of this study is thus to establish how African American political struggles have had the body as place and stake, using sport as a performative means for uplifting individuals' bodies and achieving collective emancipation
Hutchins-Viroux, Rachel. "Nationalisme et identité nationale dans les manuels d'histoire américaine de l'enseignement primaire au Texas : 1982-1997." Nancy 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN21027.
Full textHistory textbooks construct and transmit an official version of a nation's past, and as such are highly contested political terrain. An examination of the textbooks that were adopted for use in primary education by the very influential state of Texas in 1982 and 1997 reveals the evolution of the representation of American identity and the way in which American history was written following the multiculturalist movements of the 1960s/1970s and the conservative backlash and the "culture wars" of the 1980s/1990s. Notably, multiculturalist viewpoints are attenuated in the world of public primary education by the persistent predominance of a traditionalist vision which refuses to recognize the significance of racism in the American past, and which demands the glorification of the nation and the inculcation of patriotism. This thesis analyzes the effects of these tensions on the books' text and iconography in light of the debates concerning identity and nationalism in the 1980s and 1990s
Donatien-Yssa, Patricia. ""Africobra" : esthétique et idéologie de l'expression plastique noire-américaine." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR2009.
Full textAfricobra, aesthetics and ideology of afro-american visual arts relates the evolution of painting and sculpture in the black community of the united states from slavery to 1960. It particularly insists on the aesthetic changes that took place during the Harlem renaissance and the revolutionary period of the 60's and 70's. This work examines the aesthetics and the ideology of the afro-american visual arts, essentially between the 60's and the 80’s. More precisely through the study of the works of the Africobra group, a group of then black artists who were deeply involved in the political struggle of the 60's and 70's and in the search for new aesthetic concepts. It also takes an active interest in the problem of the cultural identity and in the relation that exists between the ideological discourse and the pictural language, showing how the members of Africobra urged by their philosophical and political convictions have drawn from the afro-american and african traditions to create an art opened on contemporaneousness and reflecting their aesthetic aspirations
Destoppeleire, Sandra. "Représentations de la judéité dans l'oeuvre romanesque et picturale de Chaim Potok." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070046.
Full textJudaism is the essence of Chaim Potok's work. Potokian fiction, a profound immersion in the world of orthodox American Jewry, claims to mirror this reality. Potok's realistic perspective, aided by his descriptive technique, provides an accurate testimony of this world. The first part of this thesis concentrates on the geographical and sociological contexts of the wolrd depicted by Potok, while the second part focuses on a portayal of the Jewish-American community as it grapples with History. Potokian fiction cannot be understood as merely a portrait of reality, its didactic and ideological functions prevent such simplification. Indeed, the content of Potok's writing reveals the author's Hebraic ethical heritage : thus, this third part of this study focuses on the ethical and mystical aspects of his fiction. The problem of evil is woven into all of Potok's work, with Cabbalistic thought a particularly pregnant influence in this respect. As the Shoah is at the heart of his reflection on the notion of evil, Potok offers a true philosophical examination of the inexpressible
Boutet, Marjolaine. "L'identité américaine face à la guerre (1898-1991) : étude de l'évolution des récits des guerres étrangères dans les manuels d'Histoire des Etats-Unis à destination du secondaire." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0033.
Full textThis Ph. D belongs to the fields of American studies, cultural studies, social history and mentality history. It analyses how the war narratives have evolved throughout the twentieth century in 145 American History textbooks for secondary schools published between 1901 and 1991, focusing on 5 foreign wars in which the United States have fought : the Spanish-American War, the two World Wars, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Indeed, within the story of the building of the American nation, the narratives of foreign wars fought from the advent of the U. S. As a world power to the apogee of their power at the end of the Cold War help to understand the specificities and the evolution of the American identity throughout the twentieth century by studying the pedagogical debates, the evolution of public opinion, the one of historiography and analyzing the content of these textbooks. From 1898 to 1917, American History textbooks are vehicles of a proud and confident patriotism. From 1918 to 1939 they mirror the complex and strained relationship between Europe and the United States. From 1940 to 1964, they are ideological weapons against fascism (until 1946), and then against communism (from 1947 on). From 1965 to 1979, American History textbooks remained relatively silent on the major cultural and social issues of the 60s and 70s. In the 1980s, they portray the new multicultural consensus on American identity
Kefalidou, Charikleia Magdalini. "Mythe, symbole et identité à l’épreuve de l’entre-deux : l’écriture de l’arménité en France et aux États-Unis du début du XXe siècle à nos jours." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL155.
Full textThe present thesis focuses on the ways that writers from diaspora communities reinterpret and contextualize their Armenian ethnic background, myths ( ancient-historical and new) and symbols, problematizing exile, immigration and trauma in order to find their place in the literary field of their adoptive countries. Drawing on the diversity of Armenian diaspora communities and the variety of diasporic experiences, our aim is to reveal the procedures of reinterpretation of myths, symbols and other elements making up the Armenian ethnic identity, reterritorialized in different social and ethnic contexts, aiming to examine the evolution of this ethnic background though a diachronic perspective. Our comparative analysis deals with French and English-language writers of Armenian origin from two big diaspora communities of the West: the French-Armenian community and the Armenian-American community
Leblond, Christian. "L'accord de libre-échange Nord Américain et l'identité culturelle américaine : discours économique et politique." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2028.
Full textZrann, Fatma. "La problématique identitaire dans la photographie noire américaine : de l'identité comme revendication communautaire à l'identité comme principe d'autonomie esthétique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070112.
Full textThis work is a reflection of the problem of identity in photographic and more generally pictorial production. It questions Black American photographers' works and the way they portray or mask the African American reality. My aim was to study the Black identity in the sense of the African identity or African origin asserted by Black Americans and the way contemporary artists deal with it, especially in the works of Black photographers. It looks at the past and present, using various and overlapping archived images, paintings, photographs and evidence, based on real, historical or imaginary events which give an in-depth, objective analysis of complex problems related to slavery, discrimination, the existence of a Black identity and the portrayal of African Americans and other minorities in the United States in general. In the end, it's a cultural study, which looks at how Black identity takes shape across very different works in which the photographer brings into play persona! motivations and common problems
Grenon, Carole. "L'économie du principe féminin dans l'oeuvre d'Ernest J. Gaines." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030009.
Full textThis thesis studies the principles of the feminine in Ernest J. Gaines’ six novels: Catherine Carmier, Of Love and Dust, A Gathering of Old Men, In My Father’s House, A Lesson Before Dying and The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. It defines the feminine subject and identifies its moral principles. There is a gradual evolution of the feminine in the works of Ernest J. Gaines. From Catherine Carmier to The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, the feminine strengthens itself. In the first novels, the feminine acts out of duty, advocates wisdom, which prevents it from creating things. The feminine gradually reaffirms itself through language and faces the masculine. This work explores the violence of the abnormal construction of the Black self and the strategies of deconstruction of the myth of white supremacy. The analysis of the reconstruction of the self shows a redefinition of genres. The feminine is virilized and feminizes the masculine. Finally, in The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, the feminine becomes militant and activist. The mother of the black community, identifying herself with the female Divine Law of the family, embodies female agency; she raises her sons and teaches them moral principles. The feminine and the masculine function as mirror images of each other; they work to get the recognition of the White man, and they seek to improve themselves. This study highlights the idea of dignity in death, of freedom which asserts itself in negativity
Dzanouni, Lamia. "Le dessin journalistique au service du dessein politique des Noirs aux Etats-Unis et en France (1861-1965) : moments-clés et regards croisés." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA121.
Full textWithin the framework of Histoire croisée, this thesis focuses on the impact of press drawings, in France and in the USA, on the black population’s fight to obtain rights at key moments between 1861 and 1965. Following their surrender at the end of the US Civil War, the Confederates bolstered their racist ideology with a new ideological weapon, the political cartoon, a major asset in the Union’s victory. In the XX century, th the African Americans reacted to the confederate propaganda and a war of images ensued. Simultaneously, some black artists went into exile in France in order to fight back more adequately. France provided an ideal environment for artistic expression due to hostility against them in Paris being lower than in the USA. Their success abroad thus demonstrated the responsibility and the complicity on the part of American institutions in terms of racial discrimination. That said, the French attitude was far from admirable when it came to its colonies, particularly those of black Africa. Though racism and discrimination were clearly visible within the USA, these mindsets were insinuated more perniciously within French society, the country’s newspapers contributing substantially to this pictorial emulation. A focus on the inter-crossings between these two countries reveals unique analogies in the representation of black people in the newspapers of the time, both within the segregationist system of the USA as well as within France’s colonial empire. The stereotypes developed by the racist press pervaded the collective subconscious as archetypes. The partisans of emancipation protested against this propagation through the use of their own image in different phases of their fight – between the Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement in the United States; and from colonial France to the African independence movements. This analysis of the history of the press and of its illustrations seeks to shed light on the progressive convergence of American and French laws aiming at a society free from racial prejudice. It also underlines the idea that the image bears meaning, constituting a language in its own right, and that it plays a significant role in the construction and the deconstruction of racial inequality
Matrau, Alice. "Peuples allemand et américain des années 1945-1960 : regards croisés entre poésie et photographie. Comment toucher le nerf d’une époque ? René Burri, Les Allemands ; Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Landessprache ; Robert Frank, Les Américains ; Allen Ginsberg, Howl and other poems." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030063.
Full textFour young poets and photographers trawl through the troughs and peaks of history in a divided and destroyed Germany struggling to come to terms with its Nazi past and an America grappling with McCarthysm and the Cold War. René Burri in Les Allemands, Hans Magnus Enzensberger in Landessprache, Robert Frank in Les Américains, and Allen Ginsberg in Howl and other poems are the consciences of their time. They see their artistic activity as an essential criticism of a social order which only grudgingly allows them to do so. They thoroughly examine the prevailing opinion ("American way of life", "melting pot", "economic miracle", "collective responsibility") through their words and images and in doing so cast light on the paradoxes and aporiae that underline it. Somehow, they attempt to draw the outlines of an identity that is both collective – that of a people – and individual – their own, all the time battling against a society in which they have difficulty existing. They grasp at literary figures, rebellious brothers from the present or the past who give them comfort in their act of resistance. Each in his way explores several paths and voices – real or imaginary – in order to escape from the imprisonment and alienation that threatens him: wandering, traveling, anarchy, utopia, drug-use, madness or a poetical dual personality are all brought to bear. In various degrees their poetical or photographical gesture finds expression in a phenomenological gesture that feeds on living images and sensations that sharpen the sense of perception. It is with this critical gesture, at the same time both creative and critical, that they capture the spirit of their age
Clerget, Jérôme. "Faire l'Europe sans défaire l'Alliance ? : les relations transatlantiques et l'affirmation de l'identité européenne : enjeux politico-stratégiques et choix institutionnels, 1973-1992." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG025.
Full textFrom 1973 to 1992, Western Europeans were frequently confronted with political initiatives and doctrinal developments from United States, which they worried about as destabilizing the transatlantic relationship. They are constantly torn between the imperative need to undertake everything to preserve a strong link with the US ally, ultimate guarantee of their defense against the threat from the East, and the will to assert their own interests especially in terms of security. How to make a European identity exist under these conditions ? Our work aims at answering the question, showing that although the Old Nations have never managed to build a real European pillar of the Atlantic Alliance, despite many experiments, the transatlantic relationship, with its share of disagreements, misunderstandings and mistrust, has allowed the development of a rich debate about what characterizes Europe on a politico-strategic level
Hamel, Anne-Marie. "La photographie documentaire comme aide-mémoire de l'identité féminine américaine (1920-1960)." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3416/1/M11504.pdf.
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