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1
Sung-Mo. "Sie sind kein guter Verlierer": Die Disproportionalität zwischen dem Bewusstsein des Individuums und der herrschenden Gesellschaftsideologie in Uwe Johnsons "Mutmassungen über Jakob". Deimling, 1995.
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Moral selfhood in the liberal tradition : the politics of individuality. University of Toronto Press, 2000.
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German ideology: From France to Germany and back. University of Chicago Press, 1994.
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Challenging liberalism: Feminism as political critique. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006.
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5
Leerssen, Joep. National Thought in Europe. Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989542.
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Bringing together sources from many countries and many centuries, this study critically analyses the growth of national thought and of nationalism — from medieval ethnic prejudice to the Romantic belief in a nation’s ‘soul’. The belief and ideology of the nation’s cultural individuality emerged from a Europe-wide exchange of ideas, often articulated in literature and belles lettres. In the last two centuries, these ideas have transformed the map of Europe and the relations between people and government. In tracing the modern European nation-state, cross-nationally and historically, as the outcome of a cultural self-invention, Leerssen also provides a surprising perspective on Europe’s contemporary identity politics. National Thought in Europe has been brought up to date in this new, third edition.
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Quinn, Justin. American errancy: Empire, sublimity and modern poetry. University College Dublin Press, 2005.
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7
Ideology and National Competitiveness: An Analysis of Nine Countries. Harvard Business School Press, 1998.
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C, Lodge George, and Vogel Ezra F, eds. Ideology and national competitiveness: An analysis of nine countries. Harvard Business School Press, 1987.
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9
Khader, Serene J. Individualism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190664190.003.0003.
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This chapter argues that independence individualism, a form of individualism that is the object of decolonial feminist critique, is conceptually unnecessary for feminism, and in fact undermines transnational feminist praxis. Opposition to sexist oppression does not logically entail individualism. Adopting the specific form of individualism called “independence individualism,” which holds that individuals should be economically self-sufficient and that only chosen relationships are valuable is likely to worsen the gender division of labor and obscure the transition costs of feminist change. The perceived relationship between independence individualism and feminism is traceable to ideological assumptions that associate capitalism with liberation from tradition, and tradition with patriarchy. The concept of independence individualism is arrived at by examining the justificatory discourses behind ostensibly feminist policies that proclaim the value of the individual person while harming “other” women.
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MARIA DA LUZ LIMA, SALES. Literatura Infantil Indígena: um caminho para a empatia. Taurite, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35417/978-65-89029-03-8.
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Os versos que serviram de epígrafe a este trabalho manifestam o lado poético do ser índio, como em: “E na primavera vou brotar na terra”, encontrado em um mito ameríndio . Essa famosa canção dos anos 1980 expõe algumas ideias romantizadas acerca do nativo, coincidentemente observadas por nós quando entrevistamos as crianças do quarto ano do ensino fundamental para desenvolvermos nossa investigação. Em suas falas estas deixaram transparecer o desejo do ideal de serem livres como os curumins, vivendo a tomar banho de sol “num eterno domingo”. No entanto, a canção também apresenta um outro lado, que paradoxalmente é silenciado, a exemplo de “Desviar de estilingue, deixar que me xinguem”, no qual percebemos o índio ser afligido por discriminações e insultos os mais injuriosos, a ponto de precisar se desviar de “estilingues”. O pensamento indígena explanado em nossa intervenção revela a ideologia de uma vida em harmonia com a natureza e os seres que habitam o planeta. Essa filosofia está em contradição com o pensamento vigente hoje na sociedade capitalista: individualista, cumulativa, egoísta, consumista, a qual vê a natureza – entre outros aspectos – como fonte de renda apenas, não se importando em esgotar seus recursos e substituindo seres humanos por bois, segundo expressão de Berta Ribeiro (2009). Tal sistema perverso gera inúmeros conflitos, um deles é a desapropriação da terra indígena (que, para estes, é sagrada), causando o prejuízo de suas vidas, memórias, narrativas, enfim, de sua cultura, a qual, se seguir essa lógica, estará fadada a desaparecer.
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Gentile, Emilio. Total and Totalitarian Ideologies. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0035.
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Modern political ideologies can be divided into two categories, individualist and holistic. ‘Unity’, ‘community’, ‘totality’, ‘organism’ are typical concepts of holistic ideologies. This article deals with the holistic ideologies born after the French Revolution, and within this category distinguishes total from totalitarian ideologies. A total ideology is a global conception of life and of history, which postulates the social essence of man and subordinates the individual to the collective. A totalitarian ideology may be defined as a holistic ideology of a revolutionary party that considers itself to be the unique and exclusive vanguard of its own reference group—the proletariat, the nation, the racial entity—and as such demands for itself a monopoly of power in order to establish a new order. Total and totalitarian ideologies, presenting themselves as global conceptions of life that defined the significance and ends of individual and collective existence, have been interpreted as secular religions contributing to the sacralization of politics.
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Franks, Benjamin. Anarchism. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0001.
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This chapter identifies some of the conceptual problems in providing a stable, inclusive interpretation of anarchism. It rejects accounts of anarchism constructed on the supposed universal minimum of ‘anti-statism’, as these synthesize radically antipathetic movements, in particular free-market individualisms along with the main socialist variants of anarchist communism and syndicalism. These purportedly comprehensive versions overlook the distinctive conceptual arrangements of social and individualist anarchisms. These separate ideological forms support radically different practices and generate conflicting interpretations of ‘anti-statism’. Instead, a conceptual analytical approach is best suited to identifying stable, intersecting families of anarchism (such as Green anarchism, anarcha-feminism and post-anarchism), as this method is sensitive to the malleable and variable conception of the political agent, which is a feature of the main constellations of social anarchism.
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Schmeink, Lars. Individuality, Choice, and Genetic Manipulation. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781383766.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 deals with the personal consequences of a posthuman subjectivity and the task of identity creation. In liquid modernity, risks and threats are becoming ever more global but remain systemic, while at the same time the solutions to these issues is relegated to the individual. The existence of a noticeable gap between society's insistence on individuality, autonomy, and self-assertion and the systemic risks to this claim, caused by a globalized flow of information, technology and politics, is thus the argument of the analysis of the video game BioShock. Science fiction as a genre here allows for the extrapolation and exaggeration of this gap by employing the posthuman as an extreme possibility of human identity creation. The dystopian imagination provides a bleak emphasis of the science-fictional dimension of consequence in terms of this development, by providing an alternative history in which rampant individualism meets an extreme form of consumer society. The human body has become the battleground of liquid modern desires to form and consume identities. Further, the medium uniquely provides the specific ideological commentary on the systemic nature of the illusion of autonomy, especially in liquid modern consumer society.
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Freeden, Michael. 1. A house of many mansions. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199670437.003.0001.
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‘A house of many mansions’ shows that to understand liberalism you must recognize that there are various ways of looking at it. Liberalism is an ideology that contains seven political concepts that interact at its core: liberty, rationality, individuality, progress, sociability, the general interest, and limited and accountable power. These core elements are the nucleus around which all liberalisms revolve. Different forms of liberalism are discussed before concluding that liberalism has been adopted by truth-seekers, endorsed by humanists, campaigned for by reformers, cast aside by rival ideologies, deliberately misappropriated by those who wish to disguise their real political intentions, and attacked by those who regard it as a self-deluding smoke screen for anti-social conduct.
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Morris, Pam. Sense and Sensibility: Wishing is Believing. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474419130.003.0002.
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Sense and Sensibility, traces the movement of young female protagonists from a traditional patrician place into a more heterogeneous social space, a shift from time-denying idealist values to empirical possibility. In this novel, Austen registers a transitional moment when consensual notions of self begin to change, when self is privatised. Earlier traditions of embodied sociability give way to emergent individualistic values centred upon an idea of self as superior interiority, or upon competitive acquisition as aggrandisement of identity. Both these ideas of self are subject to Austen’s irony, which demonstrates how even the most cherished sense of interiority derives largely from very ordinary things. The novel explores the associated individualistic ideologies of privacy and domesticity utilising a chain of references to fireplaces and domestic hearths and to literalised metaphors of warmth and coldness.
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Dumont, Louis. German Ideology: From France to Germany and Back. University Of Chicago Press, 1996.
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Dumont, Louis. German Ideology: From France to Germany and Back. University Of Chicago Press, 1995.
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Stanley, Brian. Christianity in the Twentieth Century. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196848.001.0001.
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This book charts the transformation of one of the world's great religions during an age marked by world wars, genocide, nationalism, decolonization, and powerful ideological currents, many of them hostile to Christianity. The book traces how Christianity evolved from a religion defined by the culture and politics of Europe to the expanding polycentric and multicultural faith it is today—one whose growing popular support is strongest in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, China, and other parts of Asia. The book sheds critical light on themes of central importance for understanding the global contours of modern Christianity, illustrating each one with contrasting case studies, usually taken from different parts of the world. Unlike other books on world Christianity, this one is not a regional survey or chronological narrative, nor does it focus on theology or ecclesiastical institutions. The book provides a history of Christianity as a popular faith experienced and lived by its adherents, telling a compelling and multifaceted story of Christendom's fortunes in Europe, North America, and across the rest of the globe. It demonstrates how Christianity has had less to fear from the onslaughts of secularism than from the readiness of Christians themselves to accommodate their faith to ideologies that privilege racial identity or radical individualism.
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Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, Florence. Class in Thatcherite Ideology and Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812579.003.0008.
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This chapter examines Thatcherite rhetoric about class and individualism. Thatcher needed to distance herself from her own, narrow, upper-middle-class image; she also wanted to rid politics of class language, and thought that class was—or should be—irrelevant in 1980s Britain because of ‘embourgeoisement’. For Thatcher, ‘bourgeois’ was defined by particular values (thrift, hard work, self-reliance) and she wanted to use the free market to incentivize more of the population to display these values, which she thought would lead to a moral and also a prosperous society. Thatcherite individualism rested on the assumption that people were rational, self-interested, but also embedded in families and communities. The chapter reflects on what these conclusions tell us about ‘Thatcherism’ as a political ideology, and how these beliefs influenced Thatcherite policy on the welfare state, monetarism, and trade unionism. Finally, it examines Major’s rhetoric of the ‘classless society’ in the 1990s.
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Banu, Roxana. Universalism Versus Uniformity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819844.003.0008.
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This chapter focuses on the way in which relational internationalists referenced the transnational context of individual interests and how the pursuit of order and uniformity fits within the relational internationalist perspective. It is commonly assumed that all nineteenth-century individual-centered theories, especially Savigny’s, pled for an intransigent pursuit of order and uniformity. However, this chapter argues that this was rather the main motivation of state-centered theories focused on an analogy between PrIL and PublIL, and of individualistic theories focused on individual liberty. By emphasizing how their reconstruction of jus gentium and natural law was placed alongside their insistence on the particularity of each people, this chapter shows that the universalistic ideology of the relational internationalist authors referenced throughout this book is, in fact, considerably more fluid and more restrained than that of state-centric or individualistic authors. Furthermore, this chapter brings the relational internationalist perspective in conversation with twentieth-century German interest jurisprudence.
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Ashe, Laura. The Oxford English Literary History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199575381.001.0001.
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This book is a new literary and cultural history of the period 1000–1350, documenting its transformative, foundational importance. These centuries have never before received a comprehensive interdisciplinary treatment, long being perceived not as a discernable period but rather as a series of ruptures and discontinuities—Danish and Norman Conquest, language contact and change, immigrant rule and foreign wars. It was these conditions, however, that engendered and nurtured astonishing multilingual literary creativity and cultural vitality, during a period that saw profound and formative developments in English literature, history, and society. The purpose of this monograph is to provide a complete revisioning of the High Middle Ages in these terms: not only to document developments in literature, but to explore, and seek to explain, some of the vast ideological shifts of the period, which have foundational importance in the emergence of later English culture. These great cultural transformations include the development of literary interiority, affective spirituality, and individuality; the emergence of a public sphere and the notion of kingship and government by consent; new secular ideologies of knighthood, chivalry, and romantic love; new theologies of the incarnation, and man’s relationship with God; and the invention of fiction, and its influence on the ethical and social imagination. Medieval England’s French, Latin, and English writings together form this interwoven narrative of social, cultural, and political change.
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Setzer, Claudia. Feminist Interpretation of the Bible. Edited by Paul C. Gutjahr. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258849.013.42.
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Feminist biblical hermeneutics has produced many fissures. First-wave and second-wave feminists argued whether the Bible was even salvageable. Womanist and Latina interpreters insisted on the authenticity of their traditions. Second-wave scholars who excavated the texts for women’s history were critiqued by others who said “women” were purely constructs. Many scholars now seek to combine historical and ideological approaches. Third-wave feminists promote individualism and diversity, many continuing the struggle inherited from a previous generation. Because young feminists who remain in religious communities cannot take equality for granted, they exhibit a passion that promises to keep feminism vibrant in the twenty-first century.
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Baban, Feyzi. Modernity and Its Contradictions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.265.
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Sixteenth-century Europe saw the emergence of a modern project that soon spread to other parts of the globe through conquest, colonization and imperialism, and finally globalization. In its historical development, modernity has radically remade the institutional and organizational structures of many traditional societies worldwide. It followed two distinct trajectories: the transformation of traditional societies within Western cultures, on the one hand, and the implementation of modernity in non-Western cultures, on the other. The emergence and development of modernity can be explained using three interrelated domains: ideology, politics, and economy. Enlightenment thinking constituted the ideological background of modernity, while the rise of individualism and the secularization of political power reflected its political dimension. The economic dimension of modernity involved the massive mobility of people into cities and the emergence of a market economy through the commercialization of human labor, along with production for profit. The recent phase of globalization has led to new developments that exposed the contradictions of modernity and forced us to rethink its fundamental assumptions. Two approaches that have attempted to redefine the universality in modern thinking and its relationship with particular cultures are the institutional cosmopolitanism approach and the multiple modernities approach; the latter rejects the universality of Western modernity and instead sees modernity as a distinctly local phenomenon. Future research should focus on how different cultures relate to one another within the boundaries of global modernity, along with the conditions under which local forms of modernity emerge.
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Nathanson, Elizabeth. Sweet Sisterhood. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039577.003.0014.
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This chapter accounts for the “cupcake craze” by analyzing the distinctly feminized pleasures the confections signify in the postfeminist cultural context. Feminist media scholars have critiqued postfeminist popular culture for producing hegemonic representations that depoliticize feminist ideals. While cupcakes may indeed reify postfeminist ideologies, the chapter argues that they also point toward resistant pleasures; cupcakes invite cultural consumers to take pleasure in depictions of sisterhood that challenge neoliberal individuality by celebrating bonds between women and the liberating potential of difference. By tracing popular representations of cupcakes as items of consumption and production, this chapter finds moments in which viewers are invited to take pleasure in sweet indulgences and feminine friendships that reproduce but also expose the cracks in contemporary gender politics.
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Schwartzman, Lisa H. Challenging Liberalism: Feminism as Political Critique. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007.
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Bullock, Heather E. From “Welfare Queens” to “Welfare Warriors”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614614.003.0004.
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This chapter examines what it means to take a human rights approach to women’s poverty and economic status. Special attention is given to structural sources of women’s poverty, the challenges a right-based framework presents to neoliberal priorities and values, and low-income women’s resistance to these forces. Synergies among economic and political conditions; ideology (e.g., individualism, meritocracy); classist, racist, and sexist stereotypes about poverty and low-income women; and welfare policies that subordinate and regulate low-income women are discussed. Emphasis is placed on understanding welfare rights activism and other anti-poverty/inequality collectives, with the goal of illuminating the social psychological factors that contribute to collective action, economic justice, and the promotion of a rights-based approach to women’s poverty.
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Gloege, Timothy E. W. Fundamentalism and the Business Turn. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190280192.003.0003.
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This essay traces the development of fundamentalism in the context of wider changes in evangelical Protestantism and business in the United States. The need for social stability in antebellum America and the role of Protestant religion in maintaining it tamped down the intrinsic individualism of both evangelicalism and business. But a series of social and business transformations after the Civil War, and the growing influence of the state in social and economic life, provided the impetus and opportunity for a fundamentalist movement to emerge in the 1910s. The firm establishment and naturalizing of modern consumer capitalism after World War II allowed a business-infused fundamentalism (known now as “neo-evangelicalism”) to thrive. Throughout its development, fundamentalism borrowed from business ideology and techniques for religious ends.
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King, Pamela Ebstyne, and Christine M. Merola. Crucibles of Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0029.
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Although rates of institutional civic engagement among those in their twenties are low and emerging adults have been characterized as individualistic, this period of life is a time of immense growth and exploration as emerging adults seek to establish their identity with newfound freedoms and autonomy. Utilizing the lens of thriving and the metaphor of a crucible, we explore religious service as a means of strengthening the identity and purpose of individuals in the second decade of life. We describe potential benefits of religious service for emerging adults found within the ideological, social, and transcendent contexts embedded within religious volunteerism. Narratives and experiences of highly religious and spiritual young people from around the world are offered to provide further understanding of the potential role of religious service in the lives of diverse emerging adults.
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van, José. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889760.003.0009.
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The epilogue sketches a few scenarios on potential geopolitical consequences of the global paradigm shift toward multiple online platform “spheres.” Currently, the neoliberal US-based platform ecosystem dominates. This ecosystem revolves around the promotion of individualism and minimal state interference, leaving checks and balances to the market. On the other end of the ideological spectrum is the Chinese ecosystem, in which the autocratic regime controls the platform ecosystem via regulated censorship of tech corporations. Squeezed between the US and the Chinese models is the European Union, whose member states neither own nor operate any major platforms in either ecosystem. For European democracies to survive in the information age, its cities, national governments, and supranational legislature need to collaborate on a blueprint for a common digital strategy toward markets and public sectors.
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Rank, Mark R. Conclusion. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.39.
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This concluding article proposes a new paradigm in which to understand poverty, focusing primarily on the United States even as several dimensions of the paradigm apply globally across other countries. It first considers the major tenets of the “old” paradigm, which is to a large extent a reflection and affirmation of both the free market economic structure and the culture of individualism that have profoundly shaped the American ideology. It then introduces the new paradigm, which aims to stimulate a fundamental shift in how we conceptualize and act toward the problem of poverty, and some of its major themes: poverty results from structural failings; poverty is a conditional state in which individuals move in and out; poverty constitutes deprivation; poverty as injustice; the condition of poverty affects and undermines each one of us.
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BOZOROV, M., and M. MELIKOVA. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. Primedia E-launch LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37057/m_13.
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The textbook for the course "History of Philosophy" is intended to familiarize students with the actual problems of the formation and development of philosophical knowledge, combining classical and modern concepts. In a systematic form, an idea is given about the fundamental problems of philosophy as special cultural education, a form of theoretical comprehension of human existence in the world. The interrelation of philosophy with other spheres of human activity is demonstrated, the methodological and ideological functions of philosophy in modern society are revealed. The anthropological essence of philosophical knowledge is consistently revealed. The tasks of forming the individuality and personality of a future specialist, the importance of ethical problems are actualized. Trends in the development of technogenic civilization, philosophical problems of science and technology are discussed. The manual has been developed for undergraduate students of all directions and forms of study.
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Attanasio, John. The Principle of Distributive Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847029.003.0008.
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Modern libertarians regard themselves as ideological opposites to egalitarians. The principle of distributive autonomy is at strong odds with modern conceptions of libertarianism, but perhaps not so much with the original conception of John Stuart Mill. Modern individualistic libertarianism also has strayed from Immanuel Kant's conception of autonomy. This chapter applies Robert Nozick’s widely acclaimed, and richly elaborated, conception of liberty to demonstrate how the new theory of distributive autonomy differs. John Rawls’s principle of equal liberty proceeds from egalitarian starting points. In contrast, the principle of distributive autonomy uses the importance or value of autonomy itself to justify keen attention to its distribution, even in the area of first-order rights. The principle focuses on (but is not limited to) constitutive rights in foundational areas that constitute the government and larger society. The campaign finance cases violate rather than safeguard autonomy by reversing congressional efforts to protect distributive autonomy.
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Patterson, Ian. The Penny’s Mighty Sacrifice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806516.003.0010.
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In the (often left-wing) writings on the Spanish Civil War, the idea of sacrifice (both transitive and intransitive) is intertwined with theories and practices of class conflict. The secular bent to much left-wing thinking did not preclude using associations with religious sacrifice to characterize the war’s fatalities; the bombing of Guernica and Madrid, for example, were both described as ‘martyrdoms’. Even in those views of the war that emphasized the importance of dialectical materialism, there is often an inherent logic of self-sacrifice—particularly for those middle-class and intellectual members of the Communist left whose commitment to revolution included a commitment to the supersession of their own individuality in the name of the party. This chapter examines how such ideological figurings of sacrifice are presented in lyrical and elegiac poems by poets such as W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender, Clive Branson, George Barker, Margot Heinemann, and Cecil Day Lewis.
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Robertson, Ritchie. Suffering in Art. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802228.003.0010.
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Ritchie Robertson situates Lessing’s text within debates over the proper depiction of extreme suffering in art, focusing on Goethe’s essay on the Laocoon group (1798), as well as other late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century works on the representation of pain. The issue of suffering in art was of utmost significance to Goethe’s ideology of the classical, Robertson explains; more than that, the themes introduced in Lessing’s essay—above all, its concerns with how suffering can be depicted in words and images—proved pivotal within Goethe’s prescriptions about the relationship between idealism and individuality (or ‘the characteristic’) in art. As part of a larger campaign against what he called ‘naturalism’ in art, Goethe argued that the ancients did not share the false notion that art must imitate nature. For Goethe, responding to Lessing, the power of the Laocoon group lay precisely in its depiction of bodily suffering as something not just beautiful, but also anmutig (‘sensuously pleasing’).
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Morris, Pam. Worldly Realism. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474419130.003.0001.
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A preliminary discussion of Northanger Abbey and Jacob’s Room, foregrounds Austen’s and Woolf’s insistence upon non-heroic, unexceptional protagonists, the challenge their writing poses to existing genres and its disjunction from established, consensual interpretive systems. Jacques Ranciére’s concept of consensual and dissensual regimes of the perceptible, and recent accounts of the constitutive relationship of inanimate objects with self, provide a theoretical framework for discussing these experimental aspects of each writer’s work. The chapter maps an epistemological tradition linking these current perspectives to the Enlightenment empiricism of David Hume, Adam Smith, David Hartley, and Elizabeth Hamilton, Austen’s contemporary. The materialism of eighteenth-century thinkers constitutes the sceptical intellectual inheritance of Austen and Woolf. It underpins their development of worldly realism, an experimental writing practice, utilising innovative focalisation techniques to foreground relations of equality across the worlds of people, things and natural universe. Hence it constitutes a radical undermining of the idealist ideology of individualism.
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Thom, Martin, and Nadia Urbinati. Tyranny of the Moderns. Yale University Press, 2015.
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Thom, Martin, and Nadia Urbinati. Tyranny of the Moderns. Yale University Press, 2015.
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Creswell, Robyn. City of Beginnings. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182186.001.0001.
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This book is an exploration of modernism in Arabic poetry, a movement that emerged in Beirut during the 1950s and became the most influential and controversial Arabic literary development of the twentieth century. The book introduces English-language readers to a poetic movement that will be uncannily familiar—and unsettlingly strange. It provides an intellectual history of Lebanon during the early Cold War, when Beirut became both a battleground for rival ideologies and the most vital artistic site in the Middle East. Arabic modernism was centered on the legendary magazine Shi'r (“Poetry”), which sought to put Arabic verse on “the map of world literature.” The Beiruti poets—Adonis, Yusuf al-Khal, and Unsi al-Hajj chief among them—translated modernism into Arabic, redefining the very idea of poetry in that literary tradition. This book includes analyses of the Arab modernists' creative encounters with Ezra Pound, Saint-John Perse, and Antonin Artaud, as well as their adaptations of classical literary forms. The book also reveals how the modernists translated concepts of liberal individualism, autonomy, and political freedom into a radical poetics that has shaped Arabic literary and intellectual debate to this day.
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Quinn, Justin. American Errancy: Empire, Sublimity & Modern Poetry. University College Dublin Press, 2006.
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42
Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, Florence. Class, Politics, and the Decline of Deference in England, 1968-2000. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812579.001.0001.
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This book examines class identities and politics in late twentieth-century England. Class remained important to ‘ordinary’ people’s identities and their narratives about social change in this period, but in changing ways. Using self-narratives drawn from a wide range of sources, the book shows that many people felt that once-clear class boundaries had blurred since 1945. By the end of the period, ‘working-class’ was often seen as a historical identity, related to background and heritage. The middle classes became more heterogeneous, and class snobberies ‘went underground’, as people from all backgrounds began to assert the importance of authenticity, individuality, and ordinariness. The book argues that it is more useful to understand the cultural changes of these years through the lens of the decline of deference, which transformed people’s attitudes towards class, and towards politics. The final two chapters examine the claim that Thatcher and New Labour wrote class out of politics. This simple—and highly political—narrative misses important points of distinction. Thatcher was driven by political ideology and necessity to dismiss the importance of class, while the New Labour project was good at listening to voters—particularly swing voters in marginal seats—and echoing back what they were increasingly saying about the blurring of class lines and the importance of ordinariness. But this did not add up to an abandonment of a majoritarian project, as New Labour reoriented socialism to emphasize using collective action to empower the individual.
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Bateman, Benjamin. The Modernist Art of Queer Survival. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676537.001.0001.
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This book explores an archive of modernist literature that conceives survival as a collective enterprise linking lives across boundaries of race, time, class, species, gender, and sexuality. As social Darwinism promoted a selfish, competitive, and combatively individualistic understanding of survival, the four modernists examined here countered by imagining how postures of precarity, vulnerability, and receptivity can breed pleasurably and environmentally sustainable modes of interdependent survival. These modes prove particularly vital and appealing to queer bodies, desires, and intimacies deemed unfit, abnormal, or unproductive by heterosexist ideologies. Henry James’s “The Beast in the Jungle” opposes “survival of the fittest” doctrines and Progressive-era masculinity with a feminist-inspired cultivation of ecological humility and interspecies collaboration. Oscar Wilde develops an autobiographical form that expresses collective subjectivity in De Profundis, an epistolary testament to the constitutive role of suffering in queer community formation. E. M. Forster imagines, in Howards End, how queer ideas and intimacies survive courtesy of invitations that awaken both inviters and invitees to unexpected relational possibilities freed from conventional timelines of development and realization. In Forster’s A Passage to India, the pursuit of “queer invitations” models an evolutionary succession defined by careful attention to creaturely inheritance and by ethical responses to the countless lives, including those obfuscated by imperial privilege, required for the successful survival of any individual life. Finally, Willa Cather’s short and long fiction, including “Consequences,” Lucy Gayheart, and The Professor’s House, argues for suicide as a way of life as it transforms the impulse to throw life away into an ethical alternative to the greedy logics of capitalism.
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Pfeifer, Michael. The Making of American Catholicism. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Making of American Catholicism: Regional Culture and the Catholic Experience argues that regional and transnational relationships have been central to the making of American Catholicism. The book traces the development of Catholic cultures in the South, the Midwest, the West, and the Northeast and their contribution to larger patterns of Catholicism in the United States. Exploring the history of Catholic cultures in New Orleans, Iowa, Wisconsin, Los Angeles, and New York City, the book carefully explores the history of American Catholic cultures across regions and their relation to factors such as national origin, ethnicity, race, and gender. The chapters include close analysis of the historical experiences of Latinx and African American Catholics as well as European immigrant Catholics. Eschewing a national or nationalistic focus that might elide or neglect global connections or local complexity, the book offers an interpretation of the American Catholic experience that encompasses local, national, and transnational histories by emphasizing the diverse origins of Catholics in the United States, their long-standing ties to transnational communities of Catholic believers, and the role of region in shaping the contours of American Catholic religiosity. Drawing on extensive archival research, the book argues that regional American Catholic cultures and a larger American Catholicism developed as transnational Catholic laity and clergy ecclesiastically linked to and by Rome in a hierarchical, authoritarian, and communalistic “universal Church” creatively adapted their devotional and ideological practices in particular American regional contexts that emphasized notions of republicanism, religious liberty, individualistic capitalism, race, ethnicity, and gender.