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Baltramaitytė, Sigita. "Idiomų vertimas O.Vaildo "Doriano Grėjaus portretas" ir A.Merdok "Jūra, jūra..." romanuose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060531_143627-93522.
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Magistro baigiamojo darbo objektas yra angliškų idiomų struktūra bei semantika anglų grožinėje literatūroje ir jų vertimas į lietuvių kalbą. Todėl šio darbo tikslas yra ištyrinėti, kaip angliškos idiomos O.Vaildo „Doriano Grėjaus portretas“ ir A.Merdok „Jūra, jūra...“ romanuose yra verčiamos į lietuvių kalbą ir kaip pasikeičia jų stilistika bei semantika. Pagrindiniai tyrimo metodai yra šie: gretinamasis, statistinis ir mokslinės literatūros analizės metodas. Teorinėje darbo dalyje pristatomos įvairių užsienio ir Lietuvos autorių suformuluotos junginių darybos, idiomatiškumo ir idiomos sąvokos, išskiriami trys pagrindiniai idiomos aspektai: reikšmė, struktūra, funkcija, pateikiama 14 idiomų tipų anglų kalboje, nurodomi pagrindiniai idiomų vertimo metodai, idiomų vertimo sunkumai, apibrėžiamas vertėjo tikslas ir vertimo kokybės svarba. Praktinėje darbo dalyje pristatomas angliškų idiomų vertimas dviejuose romanuose, pateikiamos rekomendacijos, kaip geriau būtų galima jas i��versti į lietuvių kalbą. Tyrimo rezultatai patvirtina moksliniame darbe iškeltą hipotezę, kad vertimo proceso metu idiomų semantikos, stilistikos ir struktūros lygmenyse įvyksta ryškūs pokyčiai.
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Abdou, Ashraf Mohamed Ali. "Arabic Idioms." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502997.
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VanWagoner, Kaitlyn Alayne. "Idioms or Open Choice? A Corpus Based Analysis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7291.
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The ambiguous nature of idioms has been a persistent challenge for English language learners and researches alike. Problematic issues include identifying which idioms are most pertinent for study, and the question of how frequently idiom forms found in dictionaries and other canonized resources actually function as idioms in real language use. This study differentiates between idiom forms used idiomatically (idiom-principle) versus literally (open-choice principle), and provides quantitative data to assess this difference. The data was obtained through a corpus analysis of 1,000 randomly-selected idioms in 10,000 randomly-selected contexts (10 contexts per idiom), and revealed that the majority of idiom forms were indeed functioning idiomatically in the contexts analyzed, but there were also notable exceptions. The findings are used to support the general notion in the literature that idioms represent a single lexical choice for language users, and the researcher proposes several extensions of the findings for the teaching and researching of idioms.
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Botelho, da Silva Teresa. "Aspects of Portuguese idioms." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319424.
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Heikkilä, Juha Petri. "On idioms and idiomatisation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621277.
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Nikitkova, Jelena. "Semantics of English and Lithuanian number idioms: contrastive analysis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130802_134815-91260.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristic features and meaning of number idioms in the English and Lithuanian languages and determine similarities and differences in symbolic meaning conveyed by numbers in the two cultures.
The research has been conducted adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches, focusing on the main theoretical issues related to idioms and such universal and abstract phenomenon as "number" in the English and Lithuanian idioms, and searching for the relationships between number idioms in the two languages. In order to illustrate the main similarities and differences between two languages, 156 English and 212 Lithuanian idioms containing the cardinal and ordinal numbers from one to ten were subjected to the analysis. The contrastive, descriptive and statistic analysis methods were employed in the research. The results of the analysis showed that the numbers one (70 instances) and two (47 instances) are the most productive numbers in the English idioms; whereas, in the Lithuanian idioms besides the same numbers, one (99 instances) and two (35 instances), the number nine (39 instances) is common. The research demonstrated that numbers in the idioms of both languages communicate non-quantitative meaning more often than quantitative meaning. It was discovered that the choice of numbers in the idioms might be determined by logic and reality or reflect some cultural point of view. The analysis showed that the numbers one, three, six... [to full text]Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti lietuviškų ir angliškų idiomų su skaičiais ypatumus ir reikšmes (vadovaujamasi anglų-amerikiečių tradicija terminas „idioma“ yra vartojamas vietoj lietuviško termino „frazeologizmas“); nustatyti panašumus ir skirtumus tarp skaičių simbolinių reikšmių dviejose kultūrose ir pamėginti juos paaiškinti. Tyrimui atlikti buvo naudojamasi kiekybine ir kokybine analizė, bei teorine medžiaga, susijusi su idiomų ir skaičių simbolinėmis rekšmėmis. Šiame darbe aptariami tokie teoriniai aspektai, kaip idiomos apibrėžimo problema, kriterijai naudojami atskirti idiomas nuo laisvųjų žodžių junginių, idiomų semantinė klasifikacija, ir idiomų ir kultūros ryšiai. Pagrindiniams dviejų kalbų idiomų panašumams ir skirtumams pagrįsti buvo surinktos 156 anglų ir 212 lietuvių kalbų idiomos. Analizės rezultatai parodė, kad skaičiai vienas (70 idiomos) ir du (47 idiomos) yra dažniausiai pasitaikaintys skaičiai anglų kalbos idiomose, tuo tarpu lietuvių kalbos idiomose apart tų pačių skaičių, vienas (99 idiomos) ir du (35 idiomos), yra paplytęs skaičius devyni (39 idiomos). Skaičių vienas is du dažnumas idiomose negali būti paaiškintas iš simbolinės pusės. Šių skaičių vartojimą daugiausia lemia logika ir realybė. Tačiau skaičiaus devyni dažnas vartojimas lietuviškose idiomose parodo šio skaičiaus glaudų ryšį su Lietuvos kultūra. Analizė atskleidė, kad skaičiai anglų ir lietuvių kalbų idiomose gali sukelti abiems tautoms panašias ir skirtingas asociacijas. Analizė parodė, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Lynn, Ethan Michael. "Getting All the Ducks in a Row: Towards a Method for the Consolidation of English Idioms." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6014.
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Idioms play an important role in language acquisition but learners do not have sufficient time to learn all of them. Therefore, learners need to focus on the most frequently occurring idioms, which can be determined by corpus searches. Building off previous corpus studies, this study generated a comprehensive list of English idioms by combining lists from several sources and developed a methodology for organizing and sorting idioms within the list. In total, over 27,000 idiom forms were amalgamated and a portion of the list was compiled, which featured 2,697 core idioms and 5,559 variant idiom forms. It was found that over 35% of idioms varied structurally and thirteen types of idiom variation were highlighted. Additionally, issues concerning idiom boundaries were investigated. These results are congruent with previous findings which show that variation is a commonly occurring element of idioms. Furthermore, specific problematic elements for future corpus searches and English language learners are identified.
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Chan, Yen-Ling. "Idioms in the mental lexicon /." View abstract, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3269190.
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Bondarenko, D., K. Demenkova, and D. Kozachuk. "English idioms: essence and value." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49157.
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Stočkūnaitė, Milda. "Translation of Fixed Collocations and Idioms." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130613_162826-39652.
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The object of the study is the structure and semantics of fixed collocations and idioms in the English language and their Lithuanian equivalents. The aim of the work is to research how English fixed collocations and idioms are translated into Lithuanian and what stylistic and semantic changes they undergo. The main research methods applied in the research are descriptive theoretical literary analysis, contrastive method and statistical method.In theoretical part the concepts of fixed collocation and idiom are discussed. Further consideration is focused on the classification of previously mentioned idiomatic expressions. Fixed collocations and idioms are classified regarding to what they mean and what they refer to. Translation strategies and the difficulties when translating the idiomatic expressions are discussed. The practical part is divided into three parts which examine fully equivalent, semantically similar, formally modified and functionally equivalent fixed collocations and idioms. The selected examples prove that the majority of idioms undergo semantic, stylistic or structural changes in the process of translating them from one language into the other. Though there are some English idioms that have equivalents in Lithuanian, in the majority of cases only few or none of the elements coincide.Bakalauro baigiamojo darbo objektas yra fiksuotų kolokacijų ir idiomų struktūra bei semantika anglų kalboje ir jų lietuviškuose atitikmenyse. Darbo tikslas - ištyrinėti kaip angliškos fiksuotos kolokacijos bei idiomos išverčiamos į Lietuvių kalbą bei kaip pasikeičia jų stilistika ir semantika. Pagrindiniai tyrimo metodai yra šie: aprašomoji teorinė literatūros analizė, gretinamasis metodas, statistinis metodas. Teorinėje dalyje nagrinėjamos fiksuotos kolokacijos ir idiomos sąvokos. Toliau dėmesys skiriamas jau minėtų idiomatinių išsireiškimų klasifikacijai. Fiksuotos kolokacijos ir idiomos sugrupuotos pagal reikšmę bei tą, ką jos nurodo. Aptariamos vertimo strategijos bei idiomatinių išsireiškimų vertimų sunkumai. Praktinis tyrimas suskirstytas į tris dalis, kurios tiria visiškai ekvivalentiškas, panašias semantiškai, bet pakeista forma ir praktiškai ekvivalentiškas fiksuotas kolokacijas ir idiomas. Pasirinkti pavyzdžiai įrodo, kad daugumos idiomų semantika, stilistika ir struktūra pasikeičia jas verčiant iš vienos kalbos į kitą. Nors ir yra angliškų idiomų, kurios turi atitikmenis Lietuvių kalboje, daugeliu atvejų sutampa tik keli arba nei vienas žodis.
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Zemtsova, Valeriia. "Semantics of animal idioms in English." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13192.
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Vanderniet, Kyle Hugh. "Idioms as a Measure of Proficiency." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5817.
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This purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between idiomatic knowledge and second language proficiency. As the amount of research directly related to this topic is sparse, an in-depth discussion of relevant research and definitions comprises the first part of this paper. Two studies are then presented here that test the relationship between idiomatic knowledge and second language proficiency. A new definition for idioms proposes that all non-compositional phrases, popularized by usage, that is stored, retrieved, and employed as a single lexical unit. The results from more than 400 participants across two studies indicate that the two constructs are strongly correlated, but that the observable relationship between them is only modest. Additional results from the two studies also indicate that idiomatic knowledge is more strongly correlated with speaking skill than with writing or reading skills. The impacts of this study on existing research are discussed and directions for new research is suggested.
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Ifill, Tim. "Seeking the nature of idioms a study in idiomatic structure /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2003. http://thesis.haverford.edu/45/01/2003IfillT.pdf.
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Hoye, Nathaniel. "Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Ki Idioms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157620/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine idiomatic structures with ki in the ki-wo [transitive verb] and ki-ga [intransitive verb] constructions. It is argued that for Japanese language learners, it is crucial to be able to understand and produce ki idioms, because they are frequently used in everyday speech. There are often misconceptions regarding ki in the West for those who are fans of Japanese culture due to the influence of martial arts and anime, which paint ki as a spiritual energy that can be controlled and developed. However, upon examining the above mentioned idiomatic structures with ki, it is clear that ki can be expressed as both controllable by the subject of ki (transitive), as well as a thing that acts of its own accord and is spontaneous (intransitive). This thesis somewhat corroborates the studies of W. M. Jacobson, Zoe Pei Sui Luk , and Yoshihiko Ikegami by arguing that intransitive constructions are often used in Japanese, and examining both transitive and intransitive expressions with ki is significant to understanding the meanings produced in ki expressions. It is hoped that analyzing 37 transitive and intransitive idiomatic structures with ki will help Japanese language learners not only understand the syntactic and semantic aspects of transitivity in the Japanese language, but also to help these L2 learners conceptualize the abstract noun ki, which can be defined in so many different ways in a dictionary.
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Holeman, Ryan N. "Identifying Programming Idioms in C++ Generic Libraries." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1259116053.
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Sprenger, Simone Annegret. "Fixed expressions and the productions of idioms /." Nijmegen (Pays-Bas) : [s.n.], 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40034548f.
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Büttner, Emelie. "Spilling the beans on Shakespeare : A study on how idioms are used in Othello." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70396.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate how idioms help the building of opposing characters in a literary work and also what similarities and differences there are in the usage of idioms between the characters. The material, i.e. the idioms, in this study was manually collected from Othello written by William Shakespeare. The material was analyzed and categorized according to a list of idiomatic properties. The material was also analyzed according to the tone of the idioms. The results showed that there was not any prominent difference in usage of idioms between the two characters; neither in general nor in the tone of the idiom. The results suggested, however, that the idioms were used in a negative sense, regardless of character.
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Mothemela, Maale Florah. "Tshomiso le kgodiso ya dika tsa Sesotho sa Leboa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1204.
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Thesis (MA. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013This research is aimed at encouraging and empowering the Northern Sotho speaking people to make use of idioms in their everyday communication. A deep explanation of idioms was done as to how, where and when to use them. It has been discovered that idioms are not properly used at different places and levels. The researcher urges people to make use of idioms because they are rich with cultural values such as love and respect. It is very important, therefore, to understand and use idioms correctly as they have the literal as well as the figurative meanings.
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Minugh, David. "Studies in Corpora and Idioms : Getting the cat out of the bag." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-18029.
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“Idiomatic” expressions, usually called “idioms”, such as a dime a dozen, a busman’s holiday, or to have bats in your belfry are a curious part of any language: they usually have a fixed lexical (why a busman?) and structural composition (only dime and dozen in direct conjunction mean ‘common, ordinary’), can be semantically obscure (why bats?), yet are widely recognized in the speech community, in spite of being so rare that only large corpora can provide us with access to sufficient empirical data on their use. In this compilation thesis, four published studies focusing on idioms in corpora are presented. Study 1 details the creation of and data in the author’s medium-sized corpus from 1999, the 3.7 million word Coll corpus of online university student newspapers, with comparisons to data from standard corpora of the time. Study 2 examines the extent to which recognized idioms are to be found in the Coll corpus and how they can be varied. Study 3 draws upon the British National Corpus and a series of British and American newspaper corpora to see how idioms may be “anchored” in their contexts, primarily by the device of premodification via an adjective appropriate to the context, not to the idiom. Study 4 examines idiom-usage patterns in the Time Magazine corpus, focusing on possible aspects of diachronic change over the near-century Time represents. The introductory compilation chapter places and discusses these studies in their contexts of contemporary idiom and corpus research; building on these studies, it provides two specific examples of potential ways forward in idiom research: an examination of the idioms used in a specific subgenre of newspapers (editorials), and a detailed suggestion for teachers about how to examine multiple facets of a specific modern idiom (the glass ceiling) in the classroom. Finally, a summing-up includes suggestions for further research, particularly at the level of the patterning of individual idioms, rather than treating them as a homogeneous phenomenon.
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Casper, S. T. "The idioms of practice : British neurology, 1880-1960." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444565/.
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This dissertation analyses the emergence of clinical neurology in Britain between 1880 and 1960. Though it is mainly grounded in archival sources, it also relies upon a prosopography of nineteenth and twentieth century neurologists, a survey of the neurological literature between 1880 and 1960, as well as other primary sources, including: textbooks, newspaper editorials, and articles in the medical press. British neurology emerged in a medical culture philosophically generalist in its values for medical practice and opposed to medical specialisation on these grounds. Rather than contravening that culture, British neurologists initially sought to embrace those values by demonstrating that their practices not only conformed to this culture but were also its highest manifestation. This effort was not without its disadvantages. The result was a paradox of practices. While neurologists located themselves within general medical culture, they also distinguished their practice and knowledge as pre-eminent. On one hand, neurologists produced and reproduced habits and dispositions accenting their specialty's differences. On the other hand, they argued vociferously that they were general physicians of wide knowledge and sound judgement. The outcome was haphazard and contingent. British neurology's practices were marked by fluidity and transience. The specialty was institutionally marginal and the number of practicing neurologists small. Neurology was defined more by events and contexts, such as the formation of neurological societies, the First World War, patronage for neurological research, the Second World War, and the creation of the National Health Service. Thus clinical neurology's emergence was dependent upon its definitions. It was at once the most elite of generalist medicine's many practices at the same time, it was one of its most marginal specialties.
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Tronenko, Natalia G. "Regularities in the behaviour of Russian phrasal idioms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365652.
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Martins, Vicente de Paula da Silva. "Comprehension strategies idioms by not native brazilian portuguese." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11201.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃEsta pesquisa teve por objetivo geral investigar tÃticas e estratÃgias de compreensÃo de expressÃes idiomÃticas utilizadas por 20 estudantes universitÃrios africanos lusÃfonos, oriundos de Cabo Verde e GuinÃ-Bissau, falantes nÃo nativos do PortuguÃs Brasileiro (PB). Para a construÃÃo das hipÃteses da pesquisa, recorreu-se a teorias PsicolinguÃsticas do processamento fraseolÃgico, nomeadamente Bobrow e Bell (1973), Irujo(1986), Cacciari e Tabossi (1993), Flores dâArcais (1993), Cooper (1999), Crespo e Caceres (2006) e Detry (2010) e, no campo fraseolÃgico, Casares ([1950] 1969), Gross ( 1996); Corpas-Pastor (1996), IÃesta Mena e Pamies PertrÃn (2002), Mellado Blanco (2004), Montoro Del Arco (2006); GarcÃa-Page SÃnchez (2008); Olza Moreno (2011); Alvarado Ortega (2010) e Luque Nadal (2012). A partir de modelos de experimentos desenvolvidos por psicolinguistas foi elaborado e aplicado aos sujeitos da pesquisa um Protocolo Verbal think aloud atravÃs do qual foram realizados trÃs experimentos que contemplaram 18 expressÃes idiomÃticas de uso frequente no Brasil, divididas em trÃs categorias fraseolÃgicas: (1) zoomorfismos; (2) somatismos; e (3) Especiais (botanismos; indumentismos; gastronomismos). Os resultados da pesquisa confirmaram hipÃteses de que expressÃes que designam nomes de animais (zoomorfismos) e partes do corpo (somatismos) favorecem a idiomaticidade fraca (transparÃncia) por sua analisabilidade ou composicionalidade semÃntica, com exceÃÃo da expressÃo fazer boca de siri cuja palavra siri nÃo à encontrada no vocabulÃrio das lÃnguas crioulas (cabo-verdiana e guineense). Entre as expressÃes especiais, rasgar seda foi considerada opaca por os informantes desconheceram o sentido dado pelos brasileiros à expressÃo. Foi confirmada a hipÃtese de que estratÃgias relacionadas ao uso de contexto sÃo as mais utilizadas pelos nÃo nativos do PB, para chegar ao sentido das expressÃes. Os resultados apontam tambÃm que o processamento fraseolÃgico nÃo segue uma Ãnica direÃÃo ascendente (bottom-up) ou descendennte (top-down), mas que existe uma inter-relaÃÃo constante entre tÃticas e estratÃgias na compreensÃo das expressÃes idiomÃticas.
This research general objective was to investigate tactics and strategies of idiomatic comprehension used by 20 Lusophone African university students, from Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau, non-native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP). For the construction of the research hypotheses, psycholinguistic theories of phraseological processing, such as the ones promoted by Bobrow and Bell (1973), Irujo (1986), Cacciari & Tabossi (1993), Flores d'Arcais (1993), Cooper (1999), Crespo and Caceres (2006) and Detry ( 2010) and, in the phraseological field, Casares (1950) 1969), Gross(1996); Corpas-Pastor (1996), IÃesta Mena and Pamies PertrÃn (2002), Mellado Blanco (2004), Montoro Del Arco (2006); GarcÃa-Page SÃnchez (2008); Olza Moreno (2011); Alvarado Ortega (2010) and Luque Nadal (2012). A verbal protocol think aloud through which were carried out three experiments that have contemplated 18 idiomatic expressions of frequent use in Brazil, divided into three phraseological categories was designed from models of experiments developed by psycholinguists was elaborated and applied to the subjects of the research: (1) zoomorphisms; (2) somatics: and (3) Special (botanics, clothins, gastronomic) results of the research have confirmed the hypotheses that expressions designate names of animals (zoomorphisms) and parts of the body (somatics) favored the weak idiomatic expression (transparency) by its semantical analysis or semantical compositionality, except for the mumâs the word (fazer boca de siri) which word siri is not found in the vocabulary of Creole languages (Cape Verdean and Guinean). Between the special expressions, fazer boca de siri was considered opaque since the informants have ignored the meaning given by Brazilians to the expression. It has confirmed a hypothesis that the strategies related to the use of context are the most commonly used by non-natives of PB, to reach at the meaning of the expressions. Among the special expressions, rasgar seda was considered opaque since the informants have ignored the meaning given by Brazilians to the expression. It has confirmed a hypothesis that the strategies related to the use of context are the most commonly used by non-natives of PB, to reach at the meaning of the expressions. The results also indicate that the phraseological processing does not follow a single upward direction (bottom-up) or downward (top-down), but that exist a constant inter-relationship between tactics and strategies in comprehension of idiomatic expressions.
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ANDRADE, Rodrigo Cardoso Amaral de. "Idioms to Implement Flexible Binding Times for Features." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10980.
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Companies are adopting the Software Product Line (SPL) development paradigm to obtain significant improvements in time to market, maintenance cost, productivity, and quality of products. SPL encompasses a family of software-intensive systems developed from reusable assets. By reusing such assets, it is possible to construct a large number of different products applying various compositions. There is a variety of widely used techniques to develop SPLs, such as aspect-oriented programming (AOP), feature-oriented programming (FOP), and conditional compilation. These techniques differ in the type of composition to create a product within the SPL static or dynamically. In this context, it is important to define when certain features should be activated in the product due to specific client requirements and different application scenarios. Thereby, the binding time of a feature is the time that one decides to activate or deactivate the feature from a product. In general, static and dynamic binding times are considered. For example, products for devices with constrained resources may use static binding time instead of dynamic due to the performance overhead introduced by the latter. For devices without constrained resources, the binding time can be flexible, features can be activated or deactivated statically or users may do it on demand (dynamically). To provide flexible binding time for features, researchers proposed an AOP idiom based on AspectJ and design patterns named Edicts. The idea consists of supporting binding time flexibility of features in a modular and convenient way. However, we observe modularity problems in the Edicts idiom. Although we usually use aspects to tackle crosscutting concerns common in classes, such a problem now appears within the own aspects. Indeed, several studies indicate that these concerns hurt software modularity. This way, we observe that Edicts clones, scatters, and tangles code throughout its implementation, which may lead to time consuming tasks, such as maintaining duplicated code. This way, we develop three idioms and implement them to provide flexible binding time for features of four different applications. In addition, we evaluate Edicts and the three idioms quantitatively by means of metrics with respect to code tangling, scattering, cloning, size, and also try to guarantee that our idioms do not change feature code behavior among the different implementations.
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Stone, Megan Schildmier. "Can Idioms Be Passivized?: Evidence from Online Processing." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271019.
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This paper presents the results of an experiment designed to access native speakers’ underlying grammatical knowledge concerning the passivizability of English Verb-Object (VO) idioms. Although it has long been noted that some VO idioms retain their idiomatic meaning in the passive while others do not (Katz & Postal 1964, et seq.), the source of this variation is unclear, and native speaker intuitions on a large number of idioms are not as clear cut as previous accounts might suggest. Taking as a starting point Folli and Harley’s (2007) hypothesis that there is a structural distinction between passivizable and nonpassivizable idioms, the current study tests one prediction of this hypothesis, namely that there should be a categorical distinction between the two types of idioms in the grammars of native speakers. The experimental results contradict this hypothesis, as evidenced by a normal distribution of response times to passive idioms. However, it is hypothesized that this online task is not appropriate to access the fine-tuned syntactico-semantic judgments underlying native speaker intuitions of idiom passivizability, due to the fact that the methodology employed here—a self-paced reading task—does not yield the expected results even for canonically passivizable and nonpassivizable idioms.
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Book, Björn. "Cognitively Motivated Meanings for Idioms : The Metaphorical and Metonymical Structures of two Semantically Equivalent but Structurally Different Idioms in English and Swedish." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121958.
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This paper analyses the similarities and differences of the cognitive structures of the English-Swedish idiom pair to step into someone’s shoes and att axla någons mantel (to shoulder someone’s mantle [lit.]) in order to investigate possible conceptual or embodied motivations for their meanings. Using dictionaries and corpora to support all findings, the conceptual nature and intended meaning of each idiom were closely analysed and compared. The investigation shows metaphorical, metonymical and embodied structures which might possibly explain why these two idioms mean the same thing as a whole even though they are lexically different from each other. The results indicate that conceptual and embodied mechanisms have motivated the meanings of the idioms, thus suggesting that idiom comprehension in general as well as second language learning would greatly benefit from a more cognitive approach.
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Afram, Eliane. "Idioms in English as a Second Language : Contextualization of L2 idioms (written context versus still pictures) and its effect on students' retention." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30338.
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The main aim of the present study is to investigate whether there is a difference in retentionbetween two groups of Swedish second language learners of English when they are faced withidioms in a written context or in the form of still pictures. The subjects of the investigation aretwo different groups at a high school in Sweden. Both Group 1 and 2 consist of 24 subjectseach. For this study, 15 idioms were randomly selected. To Group 1, the idioms werepresented in a written context and to Group 2 the idioms were presented in the form of stillpictures. The subjects were given a pre-test and two post-tests to measure their retention.Moreover, the subjects were given a questionnaire in order to learn more about theirperception of idioms. I believe that, on the immediate post-test, Group 1 (the “written contextgroup”) did better than Group 2 (the “still pictures group”). Nevertheless, on the delayed posttest(testing long-term retention), Group 2 remembered more idioms than Group 1. But, it isimportant to note that contextualization of L2 idioms using written context and/or using stillpictures resulted, in general, to be effective strategies for the retention of idioms.
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Abdullah, Khaled. "The analysis and classification of English idioms : with special reference to the comprehension of English idioms by advanced Syrian learners of English." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263386.
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The study deals with English idioms from a pedagogical point of view. It draws attention to the fact that the use of idioms in a language is such a widespread phenomenon that we cannot continue to ignore them especially in disciplines such as language teaching and language learning. The study attempts to analyse the phenomenon of idioms diachronically and synchronically; to explain the process of idiom comprehension by foreign learners. The subjects of the study were Syrian undergraduates of English, who were largely unaware of the use of idioms among native speakers of English, since the foreign-language teaching system did not provide the chance where learners could be in frequent contact with the native speakers of the foreign idiom. The first stage of the research presents a brief swvey of some perspectives on idioms as a linguistic phenomenon. It begins with an examination of earlier views of idioms. At the end of this stage, a working definition of the idiom is suggested. The second stage smve)(S processes of idiom formation and explains how idioms have been dealt with in psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics, revealing the procedures for processing and understanding idioms. The third stage is empirical and the goal of which is to demonstrate how English idioms pose a problem in the process of teaching them to foreign learners. The fourth stage of the research is concerned with analysing idioms synchronically. The view maintained at this stage is that the relationship between idiomatic expressions and their meanings is not arbitrary, since these idiomatic meanings can be attained through an appeal to conceptual metaphor theories and the semantic constraint approach. The fifth stage is dedicated to the analysis of the findings which resulted from the investigation in the previous stages. Following on from this analysis, some suitable methods and effective activities for teaching English idioms to foreign learners are proposed. In brie£: the research on idioms in this study could prove fruitful in inspiring potential applications in pedagogy and language learning; in lexicography; in translation; and in computational linguistics.
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Adhikari, Sameer. "Programming Idioms and Runtime Mechanisms for Distributed Pervasive Computing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4820.
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The emergence of pervasive computing power and networking infrastructure is enabling new applications. Still, many milestones need to be reached before pervasive computing becomes an
integral part of our lives. An important missing piece is the middleware that allows developers to easily create interesting pervasive computing applications.
This dissertation explores the middleware needs of distributed pervasive applications. The main contributions of this thesis are the design, implementation, and evaluation of two systems: D-Stampede and Crest. D-Stampede allows pervasive applications to access live stream data from multiple sources using time as an index. Crest allows applications to organize historical events, and to reason about them using time, location, and identity. Together they meet the important needs of pervasive computing applications.
D-Stampede supports a computational model called the thread-channel graph. The threads map to computing devices ranging from small to high-end processing elements. Channels serve as the conduits among the threads, specifically tuned to handle time-sequenced streaming data. D-Stampede allows the dynamic creation of threads and channels, and for the dynamic establishment (and removal) of the plumbing among them.
The Crest system assumes a universe that consists of participation servers and event stores, supporting a set of applications. Each application consists of distributed software entities working together. The participation server helps the application entities to discover each other for interaction purposes. Application entities can generate events, store them at an event store, and correlate events. The entities can communicate with one another directly, or indirectly through the event store.
We have qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated D-Stampede and Crest. The qualitative aspect refers to the ease of programming afforded by our programming abstractions for pervasive applications. The quantitative aspect measures the cost of the API calls, and the performance
of an application pipeline that uses the systems.
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Asschier, Emil. "Comprehension of L2 idioms – audio-visual versus written context." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25722.
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The main objective of the present study is to investigate whether there is a difference in comprehension between two groups of Swedish L2 learners of English when they are faced with idioms in either a written context or in an audio-visual context. The investigation was performed at a Swedish upper secondary school. The subjects of the investigation are two different groups, where group 1 consists of 21 subjects and group 2 of 26 subjects. To one group, the idioms were presented in a written context, which is a transcribed version of the audio-visual context to which the second group was subjected. The results of the study are statistically confirmed, which means that they are generalizable to any two similar sets of students taking the same two tests and they show that there is a difference in comprehension for L2 learners if they are presented with idioms in an audio-visual context in comparison to when they are presented with a written context. This difference suggests that the comprehension of L2 idioms can be strengthened when the idioms are presented in an audio-visual context.
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Canales, Martínez Francia, Mella Natalia Flores, Jara Macarena Garrido, Peña Rubén Guzmán, Pérez Daniel Sanhueza, Riquelme Stephanie Sepúlveda, Núñez Ana Tobar, and Valdés Gloria Valdés. "Cognitive mechanisms in the interpretation and meaning of idioms." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130087.
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Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura InglesaThe focus of the following thesis is the cognitive mechanisms relevant to the interpretation of English idiomatic expressions by native speakers of Spanish. It does so through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the responses given by 70 participants of 24 idioms, presented to them with and without context. The idiomatic expressions are classified according to their degree of transparency, their nuclei of information, as well as according to their degree of compositionality: isomorphic, globally motivated, partially motivated and non-motivated idioms. The analysis aims at evaluating the hypothesis underlying this research that assumes constancy of schematization among the different interpretations an idiom gets, regardless its degree of opacity. Regarding the quantitative aspect, the results suggest that the degree of transparency of an idiom may be strongly influenced by the degree of compositionality that the idiom has. Insofar as the processes of integration of the idiomatic expressions is concerned, the qualitative analysis of the results shows that there occurs a constancy of domains, schematic figurations and image schemas in the interpretations provided by the subjects, both in de-contextualised and contextualised instances.
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McKenna, Jennifer. "Idioms with a viable literal interpretation in German advertisements." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14537.
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An idiom is a set phrase which is relatively syntactically and semantically fixed, and which produces striking stylistic and rhetorical effects. Advertising is a discourse type which is particularly rich in idioms: around half of all the German advertisements examined from Stern magazine and the RTL television channel contain at least one idiom. The idioms tend to occur in prominent, emphatic textual positions, and approximately half of the idioms which appear are modified in some way. The modifications typically produce deliberately creative effects, suggesting that idioms are not as invariable as has previously been thought. The most common type of idiom incorporated into German advertisements are idioms with not only the definitive figurative interpretation, but also a lexically, syntactically, and semantically feasible literal interpretation. These idioms are consequently referred to in this dissertation as "idioms with a viable literal interpretation" (abbreviated to "VLI idioms" in the text). Their literal sense tends to evoke strong mental imagery, which makes them a useful device for the visually restricted print medium in particular: approximately 42% of all the idioms in the magazine advertisements examined (as opposed to around 16% of all the idioms in the television advertisements) are VLI idioms. It is the uniformity of the mental imagery evoked by VLI idioms which highlights the fact that, contrary to traditional thinking, idioms are conceptual rather than linguistic in nature. Indeed, an idiom may be defined as the linguistic expression of general conceptual metaphors. The viable literal meaning of VLI idioms also makes them ideally suited to modification: around 70% of the VLI idioms in the magazine advertisements, and just over 88% of the VLI idioms in the television advertisements, are modified in some way. Nearly all of these modifications involve punning on the idiom's literal sense by means of the idiom's co-text and/or the advertisement's visual element. In short, linguists have hitherto underestimated the ubiquity and significance of idioms, especially with regard to the frequency with which they are modified. VLI idioms in particular are an important - but thus far overlooked - feature of German magazine and television advertisements.
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Писаренко, Н. М. "Cultural peculiarities of English, German and Ukrainian animal idioms." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10566.
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Banjar, Halah. "INTERLANGUAGE IDIOMATICS:THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH IDIOMS BY SAUDI LEARNERS." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1362.
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Mastery of idioms in a second language is an important part of learners' lexical and cultural competence. This study provided insights into the processes that partake in interlanguage idiomatics. It also looked at the role of participants' first language in the comprehension and production of idioms in their second language. Participants were 31 Saudi graduate students' who were learners of English. They were tested in receptive and productive knowledge of 15 English idioms of three types of idiomatic expressions: a) English idioms which have their exact equivalents in Arabic; b) English idioms which are similarly expressed in both languages, and c) English idioms which have no counterparts in Arabic. The data were examined through statistical analysis. Results showed that identical idioms were the easiest to comprehend and produce, followed by similar idioms. Different idioms were the most difficult to comprehend and produce and showed the highest interference from the first language. In addition, a rather unexpected negative correlation was found between participants' length of stay in the US and their knowledge of English idioms. These findings offer insightful implications for the teaching and learning of second language idioms. Most importantly language teachers and researchers should be aware that the acquisition of idioms is influenced by the similarities and differences between idioms in learners' L1s and the target L2. This suggests that building learners' idiomatic knowledge in a second language should be done in a systematic and persistent way. In more general terms, the study's results confirm the trends and patterns reported in previous research about the acquisition of second language idiomatic competence and its important role for the effective comprehension and production of the target language.
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Xerri, Sabrina. "A piece of cake? High school students' retention of idioms : A comparative study of teaching idioms by means of illustrations and definitions respectively." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157118.
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This study aims at investigating teaching of idioms by means of illustrations and teaching of idioms by means of definitions. The informants of the experiment are learners of English in a Swedish high school. The 58 informants of this experiment were tested on a total of 19 idioms. These idioms were carefully chosen in order to make sure that they would not already be known by the informants. Another key factor while choosing the idioms was the possibility to find appropriate illustrations for these idioms. The chosen illustrations depict either the literal or the metaphorical meaning of the idioms. The informants were administered one pre-test and two post-tests (short- and long-term retention tests) to measure the retention rate. The pre-test was used to check if both groups had similar knowledge of the selected idioms and therefore could be comparable. The results of this experiment show that students taught by the use of illustrations had a better short- and long-term retention rate than students taught only by the use of definitions. In both the short- and long-term retention test, informants taught by the use of illustrations outperformed informants taught through definition by more than 10%. This study therefore indicates that the use of illustrations while teaching should not be neglected by teachers and can be a powerful tool to enhance students’ retention of chosen items such as vocabulary or idioms.
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何鳳雯 and Fung-man Ho. "Historical, mythological and literary allusions in LiBai's Gufeng and Yuefu poems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40676511.
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Швачко, Світлана Олексіївна, Светлана Алексеевна Швачко, Svitlana Oleksiivna Shvachko, and О. Бугрик. "Типологічні аспекти текстотворення." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16650.
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Вирішальною є інтенція мовця. Оскільки мовленнєвий акт передбачає наявність як мінімум двох учасників комунікації, то безсумнівним є той факт, що прагматичне значення конкретного висловлювання зумовлюється не лише інтенцією мовця, але й сприйняттям та розумінням слухачем змісту інформації. Аналіз умов комунікації, осмислення змісту ситуації, її адекватне омовлення препарують інтенції мовця.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16650
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Приходько, Наталія Анатоліївна, Наталия Анатольевна Приходько, Nataliia Anatoliivna Prykhodko, and А. Аксюта. "Еквівалентність семантичного наповнення ідіом." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16558.
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Серженко, Г. В. "Фразеологічні одиниці німецької мови як відображення національних стереотипів." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30483.
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В час масштабної глобалізації, вивчення національної специфіки того чи іншого народу набуває все більшого значення. Фразеологізми відображають позамовну дійсність, називають предмети та явища навколишнього середовища, фіксують зміст, який стосується умов життя народу – носія тої чи іншої мови, вони є дзеркалом національної культури.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30483
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Frank, Nathan. "James Macmillan’s St John Passion: the Role of Celtic Folk Idioms and the Reproaches." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500049/.
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In 1829, Passion settings entered the secular concert hall with Felix Mendelssohn’s revival of Bach’s St. Matthew Passion in Berlin. The genre has fallen in and out of favor with composers because of the subject matter and Bach’s prominence in the setting. James MacMillan’s St. John Passion has established itself as one of the preeminent modern passion settings by manipulating past idioms such as chant, chorales, and other popular passion conventions in concert with his use of Celtic folk idioms. He creates a passion experience that strives for a spiritually Catholic influence. This approach has earned praise and harsh criticism. MacMillan’s unique use of keening and the drone offers a uniquely Scottish passion that allows for Jesus’ crucifixion to be more poignant to the intended initial audience. In addition to his use of Celtic folk idioms, MacMillan uses added text; most central to this paper is The Reproaches. Movement eight (The Reproaches) is the emotional and musical climax of the work. This inclusion of text has shifted the climax, namely Jesus’s death and burial, to moments before his death. In addition, the value of the work as a liturgical work is lost by the inclusion of these texts, but a religious and spiritual essence remain.
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Alkhozaimi, Luord Abdulsalam. "The syntax of Syriac Proverbs." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1673.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF LUORD A. SAMAAN ALKHOZAIMI, for the Master of Arts degree in APPLIED LINGUISTICS, presented on 04/06/15, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: THE SYNTAX OF SYRIAC PROVERBS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Jeffrey Punske Proverbs are an important part of a language. To my knowledge, there is no research that investigates the syntax of Syriac proverbs. So, this study aims to shed light on the syntax of Syriac proverbs to add further information to our understanding of Syriac. For this purpose, I ask questions like: i) Can Syriac proverbs be negated? ii) Can they be passivized? iii) Can they be topicalized? iv) Can they allow question? v) Can the subject be raised? vi) Can their tense and aspect be altered? The data were chosen randomly from Zomaia (2007). The proverbs were examined based on native speaker judgments. The analysis implied identifying the components of each proverb then applying the rule of each aspect on each proverb was performed. Results from the study showed that some of the Syriac proverbs, from the randomly chosen sample, were modifiable syntactically. A number of factors that appeared to influence the applicability of some aspects rules were identified as: like the availability of subject, verb, and object. The reason for some proverbs were non-modifiable was because of the absence of the main components for the transformation process. The results of the study contribute to an understanding of the restricted nature of Syriac proverbs semantically and idiomatically. Recommendations for further research were also identified in the field of syntax concerning Syriac.
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Torre, Enrico. "The emergent patterns of Italian idioms : a dynamic-systems approach." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2014. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/76564/.
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In traditional generative linguistic theories, idiomatic constructions are seen as a sort of “anomaly”, and dismissed as non-decomposable items of non-literal language, uninteresting and “peripheral”. Contrary to this view, in the last decades psycholinguistic and corpus-linguistic studies have shown that idioms can often undergo structural modification and display different variation patterns, according to their specific formal and semantic properties. In virtue of these findings, the present study aims to investigate the levels of stability and variation in Italian idioms from a socio-cognitive point of view, in a two-step fashion. In the first stage, a set of 150 idiomatic constructions will be selected from a dictionary (Sorge 2010) and, taking the categorization proposed by Langlotz (2006a) as a starting point, a cognitively motivated typology of Italian idiomatic constructions will be drawn. Langlotz's parameters and categories will be used to classify Italian idioms into a structured taxonomy based on a set of notions which are generally accepted and employed by proponents of functionally-oriented approaches to language; these notions will be applied taking the Italian cultural context into consideration, in order to avoid (potentially hasty) claims about their supposed universality. Then, the mutual relationship between different idioms on the one hand and between idiomatic and non-idiomatic constructions on the other hand will be addressed and accounted for in the light of a constructionist perspective on language. In the second part of my study, a sample of occurrences of a subset of 50 idiomatic constructions will be downloaded from a large Italian corpus, in order to observe their variational behavior in the context of actual interactions in a contemporary setting. Particular attention will be paid to the potential correlation between the category an idiom was allocated to in the previous stage and the variation patterns observed in its occurrences, with the specific aim to understand if a causal connection can be established between the idiom category and the (quantitative and qualitative) level of variation observed in real language data. The two phases of the study will be treated as deeply interconnected, and a dynamic-systems approach will be adopted to highlight the several links between the two stages. An integrated model of the mechanisms which regulate the “life-dynamics” of idiomatic constructions will be provided, taking distinct dimensions, time-scales, and levels of granularity into account. Finally, the results of the study will be scrutinized in order to assess the adequacy of a dynamic-systems perspective to accurately explore and describe the self-organizing nature of linguistic constructions and their relationship with other aspects of human cognition and interactivity.
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Vanhanen, Patricia. "Learning while Gaming: Second Language Students’ Acquisition of English Idioms." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34812.
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Idioms are found in every language, and if one wants to master a language it is important to learn and be able to use idioms while communicating. The English language is no exception. As well as in other languages, idioms are used extensively in the English language. There is also a difference between a literal and an idiomatic meaning of a sentence. If one wants to understand different shades of meaning it is important to know the meaning of idiomatic expressions. For example, “break a leg” is an idiom used commonly when speaking. The literal meaning of the sentence would an instruction by the speaker telling someone to break a bone in their leg. However, the idiomatic meaning of this expression is: good luck and do your best. This idiomatic expression is often used among actors when they tell each other to “break a leg” before entering the stage to perform. Furthermore, computers have become an increasingly important and widely used medium of communication over the past two decades. Researchers have viewed this positively, and noted how it is especially helpful when it comes to language development. The aim of this study is to investigate whether playing computer games as a leisure activity improves the usage and knowledge of idioms among students in the secondary school. A total of 22 students participated in the study, 12 male students and 10 female students. The methodology is based on a quantitative method (Dörnyei 2007). The data is collected with the help of questionnaires in which students had to answer questions about their video gaming habits and attitudes towards idioms. Apart from this, they then had to work with idiomatic expressions in three different ways to measure their knowledge of idioms. Even though the data collected is limited, some evidence was found which indicated that playing video games or online computer games does have a noticeable impact on the English language, regarding idioms. The observation measured the participants’ usage and knowledge of idioms. The main conclusion of the study is that video games and online games might influence the players’ language proficiency in a positive way with regards to idiomatic expressions. Moreover, most of the students state that they consider idiomatic expressions important, and that they are necessary to learn to acquire a more nuanced English language.
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Mawlood, Aween Muhammad Ameen. "Animal idioms in English and Kurdish : with some pedagogical implications." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42285.
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The primary and foremost objective of this particular study is to know the perspective of the comprehension and teaching of English idioms to Kurdish Learners. The study focuses on two major parts that make idioms difficult to Kurdish learners. Kurdish students encountered many difficulties while learning idioms and the teachers’ lacks of interest in this field have made it more difficult for the students to attain expertise in English idioms. One of the primary and significant problems that the students encountered comprehends the literal meaning. Therefore, teachers teaching English idioms are focusing more on using local language in their lectures to help the students understand the literal meanings of the idiom. In this study, the researcher has ensured to implement qualitative research method and analyse the perception of both, teachers and the students. The analysis of the students was based on pre and post-test, whereas, teachers were given an opportunity to respond to express their perception through open-ended questions. Furthermore, certain methods were used to know the depth of the research hence questionnaires were considered helpful and so interviewed. However, qualitative research method was used for this particular research as it serves the purpose of maximizing strength and reducing the weakness. Therefore, there was mix of questionnaire and interviews used in the study to combine data and as a result, qualitative research method brought objective, replicable, and generalized findings bringing out more numerical data or statistical information. The participants were ranged from 18-51 and older to carry out research. The survey consisted of thirteen questions divided into three different groups. The participants were asked to participate in this study so that data can be easily collected. In addition to this, interviews were also used to carry out research from almost seven universities.
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Mudau, Thivhulawi Sarah. "Tsenguluso ya kushumisele kwa mirero na maidioma kha vhafumakadzi kha manwala a Netshivhuyu na Sigogo." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2451.
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(M. A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2015Ngudo ino yo sumbedza uri ho shumiswa mirero na maidioma manzhi kha u bvukulula vhuvha na nzulele ya vhafumakadzi kha maṅwalwa a Ṋetshivhuyu, M.J. na Sigogo, N.E. Ngudo yo tumbula uri kanzhi mirero na maidioma zwi shumiswa kha u tsikeledza vhafumakadzi fhethu hunzhi: mishumoni, mbinganoni, lufunoni na kha mavhusele. Tsikeledzo iyi i vha ya muhumbulo khathihi na ya ṋamani. Naho zwo ralo, ngudo yo wana uri hu na huṅwe hu si gathi hune mirero na maidioma zwa ṱuṱuwedza vhutshilo havhuḓi kha vhafumakadzi. Magumoni azwo, ngudo i themendela uri vhafumakadzi vha fanela u farwa zwavhuḓi, nge vha vha vhathu u fana na vhanna.
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Danielsson, Eva. "Der Bedeutung auf den Fersen : Studien zum muttersprachlichen Erwerb und zur Komplexität ausgewählter Phraseologismen im Deutschen." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Modern Languages, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7425.
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This thesis deals with idioms taken from contemporary newspapers. The purpose is to find out which idioms are known and used by native speakers of different ages and also to what extent the entries in the dictionaries offer accurate descriptions to the meaning of these idioms. We already know that idioms which have been modified, as often is the case in newspapers, are often more difficult to understand than others.
The study has been conducted by means of questionnaires answered by native speakers in Germany. In order to assess the ability that German native speakers have to understand and use these idioms, I have chosen informants from three age groups; the first two groups of informants are grammar school students at a German Gymnasium, in the 7 and the 10 form respectively and the last group consists of adult speakers in Germany with university education. This last group conforms to the final phase of language acquisition.
The results clearly show that younger generations - and to a certain extent older students and indeed educated adults - are less likely to understand idioms which have complex explanations in the dictionaries and/or whose meanings have been modified. Similarly, all age groups are more likely to understand idioms with simple explanations, those which appear frequently on the Internet and those whose meanings have not been modified, though there is a higher degree of “tolerance” when it comes to complex idioms among the adults.
It is also clear that the meaning of an idiom cannot always be fully explained out of context. In most cases dictionaries offer an explanation that functions in most contexts, yet it is not uncommon for the meaning of an idiom to be complex and to vary more or less depending on the context. As a way to find out how frequent the idioms are, I have compared their frequency in www.Google.de and found that there is a clear correlation between high frequency in Google and the knowledge displayed by the informants.
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He, Yi Lin Pippa. "A study of translations of Chengyu and four-character phrases in The Notes of a Desolate Man." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953643.
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Bradley, Arthur Humphrey. "Reading Shelley negatively : mysticism and deconstruction." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263790.
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Katyal, Akhil. "Playing a double game : idioms of same sex desire in India." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13103/.
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Long, Xingyu. "Understanding Common Scratch Programming Idioms and Their Impact on Project Remixing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103475.
Full textAbstract:
As Scratch has become one of the most popular educational programming languages, understanding its common programming idioms can benefit both computing educators and learners. This understanding can fine-tune the curricular development to help learners master the fundamentals of writing idiomatic code in their programming pursuits. Unfortunately, the research community's understanding of what constitutes idiomatic Scratch code has been limited. To help bridge this knowledge gap, we systematically identified idioms as based on canonical source code, presented in widely available educational materials.
We implemented a tool that automatically detects these idioms to assess their prevalence within a large dataset of over 70K Scratch projects in different demographic and project categories. Since communal learning and the practice of remixing are one of the cornerstones of the Scratch programming community, we studied the relationship between common programming idioms and remixes.
Having analyzed the original projects and their remixes, we observed that different idioms may associate with dissimilar types of code changes. Code changes in remixes are desirable, as they require a meaningful programming effort that spurs the learning process. The ability to substantially change a project in its remixes hinges on the project's code being easy to understand and modify. Our findings suggest that the presence of certain common idioms can indeed positively impact the degree of code changes in remixes. Our findings can help form a foundation of what comprises common Scratch programming idioms, thus benefiting both introductory computing education and Scratch programming tools.Master of Science
With over 68 million users and growing, Scratch has become one of the most popular programming languages for introductory computing learners. As with learning any programming language, understanding common programming idioms used in the language's application domain is important for both computing educators and learners. Educators need this understanding in order to fine-tune their curricular development, while learners can leverage this knowledge to effectively master the fundamentals by writing idiomatic code. Unfortunately, our understanding of what constitutes idiomatic Scratch code thus far has been limited. To address this knowledge gap, we systematically identified idioms based on source code with good code quality, as presented in widely available educational materials. We implemented a tool that automatically detects these idioms to assess their prevalence within a large, diverse dataset of over 70K Scratch projects. Since communal learning and the practice of remixing are one of the cornerstones of the Scratch programming community, we studied the relationship between common programming idioms and remixes. Having analyzed the original projects and their remixes, we found that different idioms may associate with dissimilar types of code changes. The ability to change a project in its remixes hinges on the project's code being easy to understand and modify. Our findings suggest that the presence of certain common idioms can positively impact the degree of code changes in remixes. Our findings can help form a foundation of what comprises common Scratch programming idioms, thus benefiting both introductory computing education and Scratch programming tools.
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Abu, Ain Sana Ahmad Abdul-Aziz. "Equivalence in translating metaphors and idioms in King Hussein's political speeches." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9158/.
Full textAbstract:
This study deals with equivalence in the translation from Arabic to English of metaphors and idioms in the political speeches of King Hussein of Jordan. It argues that intertextuality and ideology are of paramount significance when translating culture-bound metaphorical expressions in Arabic political speeches and that dealing with these phenomena is unavoidable if translators wish to render the intended cultural meaning of the Arabic metaphor. This study draws on a data sample selected from thirty speeches originally delivered in Arabic by King Hussein and their English translations. Using Newmark’s (1988) typology of culture those examples involving metaphorical expressions have been categorized under the headings of (1) religious culture; (2) social culture; (3) political culture; and (4) material and ecological cultures. The study stresses the importance of grasping the intertextuality, emotiveness, and ideology embedded in Arabic political speeches when attempting to translate the metaphorical expressions they contain into English.