Relevant bibliographies by topics / Idle engine

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Idle engine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Idle engine"

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Vos, Kalen R., Gregory M. Shaver, Mrunal C. Joshi, and James McCarthy. "Implementing variable valve actuation on a diesel engine at high-speed idle operation for improved aftertreatment warm-up." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 7 (October 16, 2019): 1134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419880639.

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Aftertreatment thermal management is critical for regulating emissions in modern diesel engines. Elevated engine-out temperatures and mass flows are effective at increasing the temperature of an aftertreatment system to enable efficient emission reduction. In this effort, experiments and analysis demonstrated that increasing the idle speed, while maintaining the same idle load, enables improved aftertreatment “warm-up” performance with engine-out NOx and particulate matter levels no higher than a state-of-the-art thermal calibration at conventional idle operation (800 rpm and 1.3 bar brake mean effective pressure). Elevated idle speeds of 1000 and 1200 rpm, compared to conventional idle at 800 rpm, realized 31%–51% increase in exhaust flow and 25 °C–40 °C increase in engine-out temperature, respectively. This study also demonstrated additional engine-out temperature benefits at all three idle speeds considered (800, 1000, and 1200 rpm, without compromising the exhaust flow rates or emissions, by modulating the exhaust valve opening timing. Early exhaust valve opening realizes up to ~51% increase in exhaust flow and 50 °C increase in engine-out temperature relative to conventional idle operation by forcing the engine to work harder via an early blowdown of the exhaust gas. This early blowdown of exhaust gas also reduces the time available for particulate matter oxidization, effectively limiting the ability to elevate engine-out temperatures for the early exhaust valve opening strategy. Alternatively, late exhaust valve opening realizes up to ~51% increase in exhaust flow and 91 °C increase in engine-out temperature relative to conventional idle operation by forcing the engine to work harder to pump in-cylinder gases across a smaller exhaust valve opening. In short, this study demonstrates how increased idle speeds, and exhaust valve opening modulation, individually or combined, can be used to significantly increase the “warm-up” rate of an aftertreatment system.
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Mahieu, V., and B. Leduc. "Idle regulation strategies using stepper motor idle valves: Observation on engine simulator." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 214, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407001527853.

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Engine control by electronic central unit (ECU) can be quickly described by information coming from sensors sent to the ECU, and by calculated and setting values sent to actuators by the ECU [1]. This paper describes idle regulation observations on an engine simulator, allowing an existing ECU, coming from an existing vehicle, to be emulated. Various submodels, such as starting models or road simulation models, allow idle pintle motion patterns to be generated. The paper shows what kind of idling strategies an engine control system has to take into consideration.
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Memering, Douglas W., and Peter H. Meckl. "Comparison of Adaptive Control Techniques Applied to Diesel Engine Idle Speed Regulation." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1514056.

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Two self-tuning adaptive algorithms are developed for a heavy-duty diesel engine in order to tune the idle governor to the specific parameters of a given engine. Engine parameters typically vary across engines and over time, thus causing potentially detrimental effects on engine idle speed performance. Self-tuning controllers determine the specific parameters of a given engine, and then adjust the controller algorithm accordingly. Recursive least squares is used to do the parameter identification, whose samples are synchronized with the discrete injection events of the diesel engine for good convergence. Both Minimum Variance and Pole Placement Self-Tuning Regulators are developed and simulated on the nonlinear diesel engine model. The results show successful tuning of each adaptive controller to the specific parameters of a given engine model, with parameter convergence occurring within 30 seconds.
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Liu, Chang Wen, Er Lin Ma, and Yan Xiang Yang. "Accurate Control of Air-Fuel Ratio for Gasoline Engine under Idle Speed Condition." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.303.

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In order to achieve a good idle speed stability, emission and economic effect for spark ignition engine, the air-fuel ratio has to been controlled under idle conditions. In this paper, an engine model for a 125cc EFI motorcycle engine was established using the GT-power software, and a simulation and experimental study was performed when engine under idle speed condition. The result shows that there is a corresponding relationship between the idle speed and the air fuel ratio. An accurate control method for setting optimal working air-fuel ratio under idle speed condition can be obtained using the results of this study.
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Osburn, Andrew W., and Matthew A. Franchek. "Reducing Engine Idle Speed Deviations Using the Internal Model Principle." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, no. 4 (March 21, 2006): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2361324.

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Presented in this paper is a multivariable linear feedback controller design methodology for idle speed control of spark-ignition engines. The engine is modeled as a multi-input, single-output system. The proposed feedback control system employs both throttle and ignition timing to control engine speed and engine roughness. Throttle is used to attenuate low frequency components of the speed error and reject mean speed errors. Spark advance is used to reduce cylinder-to-cylinder differences in torque production by limiting high frequency speed deviations. The algorithm is executed in the crank-angle domain, and the internal model principle serves as the basis for cylinder torque balancing. The nonlinear relationship between ignition timing and torque production is explicitly incorporated into the design process using a sector bound. A loop shaping approach is proposed to design the feedback controller, and absolute stability of the nonlinear closed-loop system is guaranteed through the Tsypkin Criterion. Experimental results from implementation on a Ford 4.6L V-8 engine are provided.
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Chen, Pei Jiang. "Design of Engine Idle Speed Control System Based on CAN Bus." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.620.

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In order to reduce the fuel consumption and emissions of automobile, the engine idle speed control method was studied. The basic concept of engine idle speed and the requirements and strategies of idle speed control were introduced, and the features and structures of CAN bus technology were analyzed. An idle speed control system of automobile engine based on CAN bus was designed which included main control module, front control module and rear control module. The overall structure, hardware design and software implementation of the system were given. The system can realize the desired functions, and it has certain application value.
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Cican, Grigore, Marius Deaconu, Radu Mirea, and Andrei Tiberiu Cucuruz. "Influence of Bioethanol Blends on Performances of a Micro Turbojet Engine." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.5.8131.

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This paper proposes a study regarding the use of bioethanol as fuel for turbine engines used in aviation. For this purpose, three blends of 5, 10, and 15% concentrations of bioethanol mixed with Jet A fuel were tested on JET CAT P80 microturbo engine. During the engine testing, the following parameters were monitored: engine speed, generated force, temperature in front of the turbine, fuel volumetric flow rate, and vibration levels measured both on axial and radial direction. The tests were performed by maintaining the microturbo engine for about 1 min at three operating regimes: idle, cruise, and maximum speed. In addition, a comparative analysis between fuels for a test with the microturbo engine from the idle position to maximum position is presented. After the tests were conducted, a jet engine cycle analysis was performed at the max regime and the fuel specific consumption, the efficiency of the combustion chamber, and the thermal efficiency of the engine for each fuel blend were calculated. The tests were made without making any modifications to the engine components or automation system.
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Rashidi, Farzan. "Adaptive neurofuzzy control of engine idle speed." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 32, no. 1 (January 13, 2017): 817–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-16083.

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Duksun Shim, Jaehong Park, P. P. Khargonekar, and W. B. Ribbns. "Reducing automotive engine speed fluctuation at idle." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 4, no. 4 (July 1996): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/87.508888.

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Herman, P., and M. A. Franchek. "Engine idle speed control using actuator saturation." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 8, no. 1 (2000): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/87.817704.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Idle engine"

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Besson, Vincent. "Parameter space robust control for S.I. engine idle speed." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366369.

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Chandramouli, Nitish. "Engine Idle Sailing with Driver Assistant Systems For Fuel Consumption Minimization." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523531254267084.

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Ajovalasit, Marco. "Effect of fuel content on the human perception of engine idle irregularity." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15056/.

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This thesis describes a digital signal processing analysis of diesel engine idle vibration in automobiles, and an analysis of the human subjective response to the idle vibration which occurs at the steering wheel. In order to quantify the variations in the diesel idle vibration that can be introduced by the engine technology, the vehicle, and the fuel type, a set of acceleration time histories were measured at the engine block and at the steering wheel for two automobiles equipped with 4-cylinder engines which had different injection systems and which operated under different fuel conditions. A combination of time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency wavelet-based analysis were used. Both the continuous wavelet transform and the discrete orthogonal wavelet transform were applied to the steering wheel acceleration time histories in order to analyse the statistical variation in terms of both instantaneous variations, and the cycle-to-cycle variations which occur across complete thermodynamic engine cycles. The combination of orthogonal wavelet transform and time-varying auto-covariance analysis, performed across a complete engine thermodynamic cycle, was identified as the most sensitive method for describing the statistical variation in diesel idle vibration. The second-order engine harmonic H2 was found to account for most of the vibrational energy at the steering wheel when at idle. Amplitude modulation of the second-order engine harmonic H2 by the half-order engine harmonic H112 has been identified as the main characteristic of the steering wheel signature of automobiles at idle. The steering wheel idle vibration produced by different engines and different fuel conditions have therefore been described in terms of the amplitude modulation depth "mil that characterises the idle waveform. Four psychophysical response tests, determined by the combination of two test protocols and two semantic descriptors, were performed. A model of the growth in the human subjective response to diesel idle vibration has been proposed in which the response scale is a function of the modulation depth parameter "mil. The model is defined over two regions of modulation depth. For values of "m" less than 0.2, humans have been found to be unable to distinguish variations in idle modulation. For values of "m" greater than 0.2, the human response grows as a power function with respect to modulation depth. Based on the current findings, suggestions for future research are also provided.
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Hinze, Peter C. (Peter Christopher). "Cycle-to-cycle combustion variations in a spark-ignition engine operating at idle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10243.

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Joy, Tony. "A Robust QFT Control Approach for Automobile Engine Idle Speed Systems: Modeling, Design and Simulation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1464794127.

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Dimou, Iason. "Particulate matter emissions from a DISI engine under cold-fast-idle conditions for ethanol-gasoline blends." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67777.

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Thesis (Nav. E. and S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-83).
In an effort to build internal combustion engines with both reduced brake-specific fuel consumption and better emission control, engineers developed the Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engine. DISI engines combine the specific higher output of the spark ignition engine, with the better efficiency of the compression ignition engine at part load. Despite their benefits, DISI engines still suffer from high hydrocarbon, NO2 and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Until recently, PM emissions have received relatively little attention, despite their severe effects on human health, related mostly to their size. Previous research indicates that almost 80% of the PM is emitted during the first few minutes of the engine's operation (cold-start-fast-idling period). A proposed solution for PM emission reduction is the use of fuel blends with ethanol. The present research experimentally measures the effect of ethanol content in fuel on PM formation in the combustion chamber of a DISI engine during the cold-start period. A novel sampling system has been designed and combined with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) system, in order to measure the particulate matter number (PN) concentration 15 cm downstream from the exhaust valves of a DISI engine, for a temperature range between 0 and 40"C, under low load operation. Seven gasohol fuels have been tested with the ethanol content varying from 0% (EO) up to 85% (E85). For E10 to E85, PN modestly increases when the engine coolant temperature (ECT) is lowered. The PN distributions, however, are insensitive to the ethanol content of the fuel. The total PN for EQ is substantially higher than for the gasohol fuels, at ECT below 20'C. However, for ECT higher than 20'C, the total PN values (obtained from integrating the PN distribution from 15 to 350 nm) are approximately the same for all fuels. This sharp change in PN from EQ to E10 is confirmed by running the tests with E2.5 and E5; the midpoint of the transition occurs at approximately E5. Because the fuels' evaporating properties do not change substantially from EQ to E10, the significant change in PN is attributed to the particulate matter formation chemistry.
by Iason Dimou.
Nav.E.and S.M.
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Milhor, Carlos Eduardo. "Proposta de um controlador difuso Takagi-Sugeno com desempenho H \'INFINITO\' para regulagem da marcha lenta em motores de ciclo Otto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-21012011-141452/.

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Propõe-se um controlador difuso Takagi-Sugeno com índice de desempenho H \'INFINITO\' para regulagem da marcha lenta em motores de ciclo Otto. Obtém-se uma representação difusa do motor de ciclo Otto operando em marcha lenta. Esse modelo é utilizado para a síntese do controlador. O controlador difuso com desempenho H \'INFINITO\' é projetado para rejeitar o efeito de distúrbios de cargas externas sobre a rotação do motor em regime de marcha lenta. As ações de controle, posição da borboleta de aceleração e ponto de ignição, são limitadas a uma faixa de operação específica para a marcha lenta. O controlador projetado apresenta ação de controle por realimentação de estados. Os ganhos de realimentação para cada regra do controlador difuso são obtidos a partir de um problema de otimização formulado através de LMIs.
It is proposed an Otto cicle engine idle speed H \'INFINITE\' Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control. It is presented an Otto cicle engine idle speed fuzzy model. This model is then used to control design. The H \'INFINITE\' fuzzy control is designed to reject external load disturbance effect at idle speed engine rotation. A specifc idle speed operation range is defined to both actions control, throttle plate position and spark advance. A state feedback control is designed. A LMI optmization problem is used to find the state feedback gains at each fuzzy control rule.
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Vinay, Kumar Nerella V. "An Analysis on Vehicular Exhaust Emissions from Transit Buses Running on Biodiesel Blends." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271886446.

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Viyyuri, Ravi Shankar viyyuri. "Real-Time Exhaust Gas Emission Analysis on Public Transport Buses Equipped with Different Exhaust Control Systems." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525131853848906.

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Thornhill, Michael Joseph. "Idle speed control of spark ignited engines." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286863.

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Books on the topic "Idle engine"

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McGowan, N. A. Modelling and analysis of an S.I. engine idle speed control system. [s.l.]: typescript, 1993.

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Arneil, Barbara. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803423.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 defines the volume’s key terms: domestic colonization as the process of segregating idle, irrational, and/or custom-bound groups of citizens by states and civil society organizations into strictly bounded parcels of ‘empty’ rural land within their own nation state in order to engage them in agrarian labour and ‘improve’ both the land and themselves and domestic colonialism as the ideology that justifies this process, based on its economic (offsets costs) and ethical (improves people) benefits. The author examines and differentiates her own research from previous literatures on ‘internal colonialism’ and argues that her analysis challenges postcolonial scholarship in four important ways: colonization needs to be understood as a domestic as well as foreign policy; people were colonized based on class, disability, and religious belief as well as race; domestic colonialism was defended by socialists and anarchists as well as liberal thinkers; and colonialism and imperialism were quite distinct ideologies historically even if they are often difficult to distinguish in contemporary postcolonial scholarship—put simply—the former was rooted in agrarian labour and the latter in domination. This chapter concludes with a summary of the remaining chapters.
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Arneil, Barbara. Foucault and Eugenics versus Domestic Colonialism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803423.003.0007.

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In Chapter 7, the author steps back from the empirical accounts of domestic colonies in the previous four chapters to engage in a comparative theoretical analysis of arguments advanced within contemporary scholarship to explain the rise of the colony model to manage various populations. Specifically, the author considers how domestic colonialism stacks up in comparison to the two leading explanations in the scholarly literature for labour and farm colonies, namely, Michel Foucault’s theory of disciplinary power with respect to colonies for the mentally ill and juvenile delinquents and eugenics with respect to farm colonies for the mentally disabled. The author examines and critiques Foucault’s various formulations of ‘colonization’ in his key published works, particularly his College of France lectures where he draws important links between ‘internal’ and ‘external’ colonization. Eugenics, the author argues, does not work chronologically nor substantively as the key causal explanation, since most eugenicists eventually reject the colony in favour of sterilization. The chapter concludes that domestic colonialism explains not only the explicit use of the term ‘colony’ by its proponents, but also the centrality of agrarian labour, targeting of idle and irrational populations, and the emphasis on both the economic and ethical benefits of this model over the asylums, prisons, or sterilization.
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Book chapters on the topic "Idle engine"

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Balluchi, Andrea, Federico Di Natale, Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, and Jan H. van Schuppen. "Synthesis for Idle Speed Control of an Automotive Engine." In Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, 80–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24743-2_6.

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Gao, Feng, Qiang Zhang, Daquan Zhang, and Wen He. "Study on Engine Idle Speed Control Considering Vehicle Power Balance." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 259–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33838-0_23.

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Balluchi, Andrea, Luca Benvenuti, Maria D. Di Benedetto, Guido M. Miconi, Ugo Pozzi, Tiziano Villa, Howard Wong-Toi, and Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. "Maximal Safe Set Computation for Idle Speed Control of an Automotive Engine." In Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, 32–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46430-1_7.

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Stotsky, Alexander A. "Idle Speed Control with Estimation of Unmeasurable Disturbances." In Automotive Engines, 3–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00164-2_1.

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"H-infinity control strategy research for engine idle start/stop control." In Control, Mechatronics and Automation Technology, 85–88. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19371-19.

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Jhang, S., Y. Lin, K. Chen, P. Yang, S. Chen, Y. Lin, K. Lin, and C. Chen. "Experimental investigation of combustion characteristic of a hybrid hydrogen–gasoline engine under the idle driving condition." In Architectural, Energy and Information Engineering, 89–93. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19197-23.

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Markandeya, S. S., M. P. Kondhare, M. T. Nimbalkar, and N. K. Jain. "Cold start emission and CO 2 reduction by engine idle combustion quality improvement in dedicated CNG pick-up truck." In Internal Combustion Engines: Improving Performance, Fuel Economy and Emission, 193–202. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095060.5.193.

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Yurkovich, Stephen, and Xiaoqiu Li. "Sliding-Mode Control Methodologies for Regulating Idle Speed in Internal Combustion Engines." In The Electrical Engineering Handbook, 1115–29. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012170960-0/50087-6.

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Yarrow, Thomas. "Listen: Blocked." In Architects, 224–25. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501738494.003.0050.

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Tomas is talking to himself. He is reflecting on the day on his way home from work, a semi-regular audio-diary he agrees to keep for me after I have finished the main period of my research. “What am I going to talk about?” he wonders aloud. There’s a pause, and then he settles on his theme for the day: “I think I might talk a bit about working and project management and time management.” His daily commute takes about ten minutes—over Minchinhampton, then down through winding, wooded lanes into Stroud valley. The monologue is punctuated by the sounds of a now familiar journey: gears shifting up and down; the engine strains then idles; frequently indicated turns:...
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Paiva, José Carlos, José Paulo Leal, and Ricardo Alexandre Peixoto de Queirós. "Design and Implementation of an IDE for Learning Programming Languages Using a Gamification Service." In Advances in Game-Based Learning, 295–308. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1034-5.ch014.

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This chapter presents the architecture and design of Enki, an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for learning programming languages on Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). This environment can be used as a tool by a Learning Management System (LMS) and a typical LMS such as Moodle can launch it using the Learning Tool Interoperability (LTI) API. Student authentication tokens are passed via LTI, thus integrating Enki in the single sign-on domain of the academic institution. The proposed tool has a web user interface similar to those of reference IDEs, where the learner has access to different integrated tools, from viewing tutorial videos, to solving programming exercises that are automatically evaluated. Enki uses several gamification strategies to engage learners, including generic gamifications services provided by Odin and the sequencing of educational resources. The course content (videos, PDFs, programming exercises) is progressively disclosed to the learner as he successfully completes exercises. This is similar to what happens in a game, where new levels are unlocked as the previous are completed, thus contributing to the sense of achievement.
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Conference papers on the topic "Idle engine"

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Mills, John S. "Multivariable Control of Engine Idle Speed." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970611.

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Nishimura, Yoshihiro, and Katsuyuki Ishii. "Engine Idle Stability Analysis and Control." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/860415.

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Wendeker, Miroslaw, and Jacek Czarnigowski. "Adaptive Control of the Idle Speed." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0646.

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Idle speed control of an spark ignition automotive engine based on adaptive techniques has been presented. In the paper the ignition advance control was activated to stabilise the idle speed. The adaptation of the spark advance angle requires defining an adaptive coefficient, which is a compromise between operation speed and estimation accuracy. The adaptive coefficient design was evaluated through engine testing, and the performance was compared with an up-to-date tuned PID controller. The success of the adaptive controller was demonstrated in engine testing. The controller tracks not only the set point speed but also shows robustness to the load torque disturbances.
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Kerns, James, and Gopichandra Surnilla. "Fuel Assisted Idle Speed Control for Lean Burn Gasoline Engines." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-32-0009.

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Feng, Kong, Zhang Yuhua, XU Xiaoguang, and Song Xigeng. "Adaptive PID Controller for Idle Mode of an SI Engine." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-32-0010.

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Hedrick, John C., and Steven G. Fritz. "Locomotive Idle and Start-Up Exhaust Emissions Testing." In ASME 2008 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2008-1627.

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The objective of this project was to quantify locomotive idle and start-up emissions, to answer the question: “At what point is it preferable from an emissions standpoint to idle a locomotive engine rather than shut down the engine and restart it when needed?” Idle and restart emissions tests were performed on two Tier 0 emission locomotives; a 1,120 kW EMD MP15-DC Switcher (UPY1378) and a 3,280 kW line-haul GE Dash9-44CW (BNSF4373). The results of the testing showed that continuous idling emissions of NOx and PM were greater than the start up emissions from the two test locomotives. The only exception was the 15-minute restart on the line haul locomotive BNSF4373, but this was envisioned to be due to a non-typical operational cycle of the GE AESS. The results of the extended idle tests showed that the older locomotive (UPY1378) operates at a relatively consistent idle emissions output through the four hours of extended idle. However, idle emissions from BNSF4373 varied over the idle period as the engine speed changes in response to on-board computer controls to accomplish engine warm-up and a series of other locomotive functions.
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Hoard, John, and Larry Rehagen. "Relating Subjective Idle Quality to Engine Combustion." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970035.

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Xue, Jinlin, Qiang Gao, and Weiping Ju. "Reinforcement Learning for Engine Idle Speed Control." In 2010 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2010.249.

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Kjergaard, Lars, Steffen Nielsen, Thomas Vesterholm, and Elbert Hendricks. "Advanced Nonlinear Engine Idle Speed Control Systems." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/940974.

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Hendricks, Terry L., Timothy A. Shedd, and Greg F. Nellis. "Numerical and Theoretical Fuel Flow Analysis of Small Engine Carburetor Idle Circuits." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-32-0111.

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Reports on the topic "Idle engine"

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Dian, Hong, Chen Kun, Cheng Tao, Craig Weldon, Alois Christiaens, and Ren Jie. Idle Air Control Valve for the Small Engine Market. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9163.

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John R. Archer. Locomotive Emission and Engine Idle Reduction Technology Demonstration Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838872.

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Yu, Fu-Peng, Wei-Cheng Chiu, Chen-Hsun Liao, Rong-Fang Horng, Chien-Hsiung Tsai, Chyuan-Yow Tseng, and Dong-Han Wu. Investigation on the Re-Starting Characteristics of a Motorcycle Engine Performing an Idle-Stop Approach. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9093.

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Hu, Chih-Wei, Shih-Lin Lin, Heng-Chih Tang, Ting-Chi Kao, and Andrew P. H. Lu. Development of the Idle-Stop Starter with Pre- and Post-Engage Pinion Gear. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9072.

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Blundell, S. Micro-terrain and canopy feature extraction by breakline and differencing analysis of gridded elevation models : identifying terrain model discontinuities with application to off-road mobility modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40185.

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Abstract:
Elevation models derived from high-resolution airborne lidar scanners provide an added dimension for identification and extraction of micro-terrain features characterized by topographic discontinuities or breaklines. Gridded digital surface models created from first-return lidar pulses are often combined with lidar-derived bare-earth models to extract vegetation features by model differencing. However, vegetative canopy can also be extracted from the digital surface model alone through breakline analysis by taking advantage of the fine-scale changes in slope that are detectable in high-resolution elevation models of canopy. The identification and mapping of canopy cover and micro-terrain features in areas of sparse vegetation is demonstrated with an elevation model for a region of western Montana, using algorithms for breaklines, elevation differencing, slope, terrain ruggedness, and breakline gradient direction. These algorithms were created at the U.S. Army Engineer Research Center – Geospatial Research Laboratory (ERDC-GRL) and can be accessed through an in-house tool constructed in the ENVI/IDL environment. After breakline processing, products from these algorithms are brought into a Geographic Information System as analytical layers and applied to a mobility routing model, demonstrating the effect of breaklines as obstacles in the calculation of optimal, off-road routes. Elevation model breakline analysis can serve as significant added value to micro-terrain feature and canopy mapping, obstacle identification, and route planning.
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