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Journal articles on the topic 'Idle engine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Vos, Kalen R., Gregory M. Shaver, Mrunal C. Joshi, and James McCarthy. "Implementing variable valve actuation on a diesel engine at high-speed idle operation for improved aftertreatment warm-up." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 7 (October 16, 2019): 1134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419880639.

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Aftertreatment thermal management is critical for regulating emissions in modern diesel engines. Elevated engine-out temperatures and mass flows are effective at increasing the temperature of an aftertreatment system to enable efficient emission reduction. In this effort, experiments and analysis demonstrated that increasing the idle speed, while maintaining the same idle load, enables improved aftertreatment “warm-up” performance with engine-out NOx and particulate matter levels no higher than a state-of-the-art thermal calibration at conventional idle operation (800 rpm and 1.3 bar brake mean effective pressure). Elevated idle speeds of 1000 and 1200 rpm, compared to conventional idle at 800 rpm, realized 31%–51% increase in exhaust flow and 25 °C–40 °C increase in engine-out temperature, respectively. This study also demonstrated additional engine-out temperature benefits at all three idle speeds considered (800, 1000, and 1200 rpm, without compromising the exhaust flow rates or emissions, by modulating the exhaust valve opening timing. Early exhaust valve opening realizes up to ~51% increase in exhaust flow and 50 °C increase in engine-out temperature relative to conventional idle operation by forcing the engine to work harder via an early blowdown of the exhaust gas. This early blowdown of exhaust gas also reduces the time available for particulate matter oxidization, effectively limiting the ability to elevate engine-out temperatures for the early exhaust valve opening strategy. Alternatively, late exhaust valve opening realizes up to ~51% increase in exhaust flow and 91 °C increase in engine-out temperature relative to conventional idle operation by forcing the engine to work harder to pump in-cylinder gases across a smaller exhaust valve opening. In short, this study demonstrates how increased idle speeds, and exhaust valve opening modulation, individually or combined, can be used to significantly increase the “warm-up” rate of an aftertreatment system.

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2

Mahieu, V., and B. Leduc. "Idle regulation strategies using stepper motor idle valves: Observation on engine simulator." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 214, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407001527853.

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Engine control by electronic central unit (ECU) can be quickly described by information coming from sensors sent to the ECU, and by calculated and setting values sent to actuators by the ECU [1]. This paper describes idle regulation observations on an engine simulator, allowing an existing ECU, coming from an existing vehicle, to be emulated. Various submodels, such as starting models or road simulation models, allow idle pintle motion patterns to be generated. The paper shows what kind of idling strategies an engine control system has to take into consideration.

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3

Memering, Douglas W., and Peter H. Meckl. "Comparison of Adaptive Control Techniques Applied to Diesel Engine Idle Speed Regulation." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1514056.

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Two self-tuning adaptive algorithms are developed for a heavy-duty diesel engine in order to tune the idle governor to the specific parameters of a given engine. Engine parameters typically vary across engines and over time, thus causing potentially detrimental effects on engine idle speed performance. Self-tuning controllers determine the specific parameters of a given engine, and then adjust the controller algorithm accordingly. Recursive least squares is used to do the parameter identification, whose samples are synchronized with the discrete injection events of the diesel engine for good convergence. Both Minimum Variance and Pole Placement Self-Tuning Regulators are developed and simulated on the nonlinear diesel engine model. The results show successful tuning of each adaptive controller to the specific parameters of a given engine model, with parameter convergence occurring within 30 seconds.

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4

Liu, Chang Wen, Er Lin Ma, and Yan Xiang Yang. "Accurate Control of Air-Fuel Ratio for Gasoline Engine under Idle Speed Condition." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.303.

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In order to achieve a good idle speed stability, emission and economic effect for spark ignition engine, the air-fuel ratio has to been controlled under idle conditions. In this paper, an engine model for a 125cc EFI motorcycle engine was established using the GT-power software, and a simulation and experimental study was performed when engine under idle speed condition. The result shows that there is a corresponding relationship between the idle speed and the air fuel ratio. An accurate control method for setting optimal working air-fuel ratio under idle speed condition can be obtained using the results of this study.

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5

Osburn, Andrew W., and Matthew A. Franchek. "Reducing Engine Idle Speed Deviations Using the Internal Model Principle." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, no. 4 (March 21, 2006): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2361324.

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Presented in this paper is a multivariable linear feedback controller design methodology for idle speed control of spark-ignition engines. The engine is modeled as a multi-input, single-output system. The proposed feedback control system employs both throttle and ignition timing to control engine speed and engine roughness. Throttle is used to attenuate low frequency components of the speed error and reject mean speed errors. Spark advance is used to reduce cylinder-to-cylinder differences in torque production by limiting high frequency speed deviations. The algorithm is executed in the crank-angle domain, and the internal model principle serves as the basis for cylinder torque balancing. The nonlinear relationship between ignition timing and torque production is explicitly incorporated into the design process using a sector bound. A loop shaping approach is proposed to design the feedback controller, and absolute stability of the nonlinear closed-loop system is guaranteed through the Tsypkin Criterion. Experimental results from implementation on a Ford 4.6L V-8 engine are provided.

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6

Chen, Pei Jiang. "Design of Engine Idle Speed Control System Based on CAN Bus." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.620.

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In order to reduce the fuel consumption and emissions of automobile, the engine idle speed control method was studied. The basic concept of engine idle speed and the requirements and strategies of idle speed control were introduced, and the features and structures of CAN bus technology were analyzed. An idle speed control system of automobile engine based on CAN bus was designed which included main control module, front control module and rear control module. The overall structure, hardware design and software implementation of the system were given. The system can realize the desired functions, and it has certain application value.

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7

Cican, Grigore, Marius Deaconu, Radu Mirea, and Andrei Tiberiu Cucuruz. "Influence of Bioethanol Blends on Performances of a Micro Turbojet Engine." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.5.8131.

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This paper proposes a study regarding the use of bioethanol as fuel for turbine engines used in aviation. For this purpose, three blends of 5, 10, and 15% concentrations of bioethanol mixed with Jet A fuel were tested on JET CAT P80 microturbo engine. During the engine testing, the following parameters were monitored: engine speed, generated force, temperature in front of the turbine, fuel volumetric flow rate, and vibration levels measured both on axial and radial direction. The tests were performed by maintaining the microturbo engine for about 1 min at three operating regimes: idle, cruise, and maximum speed. In addition, a comparative analysis between fuels for a test with the microturbo engine from the idle position to maximum position is presented. After the tests were conducted, a jet engine cycle analysis was performed at the max regime and the fuel specific consumption, the efficiency of the combustion chamber, and the thermal efficiency of the engine for each fuel blend were calculated. The tests were made without making any modifications to the engine components or automation system.

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8

Rashidi, Farzan. "Adaptive neurofuzzy control of engine idle speed." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 32, no. 1 (January 13, 2017): 817–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-16083.

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9

Duksun Shim, Jaehong Park, P. P. Khargonekar, and W. B. Ribbns. "Reducing automotive engine speed fluctuation at idle." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 4, no. 4 (July 1996): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/87.508888.

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10

Herman, P., and M. A. Franchek. "Engine idle speed control using actuator saturation." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 8, no. 1 (2000): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/87.817704.

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11

Yoshida, J. "Idle shake simulation with engine exciting force." JSAE Review 17, no. 1 (January 1996): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0389-4304(95)00053-4.

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12

Kakuma, Yojiro, Kenji Kishimoto, Keiichi Hasegawa, Ryuichi Sekita, and Yukio Koyari. "Idle mode operation of LE-5A engine." Acta Astronautica 22 (January 1990): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(90)90022-d.

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13

LONGWIC, Rafał, Gracjana WOŹNIAK, and Przemysław SANDER. "Compression-ignition engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen engine acceleration process." Combustion Engines 180, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-108.

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The paper presents the results of research consisting in acceleration of a diesel engine powered by diesel and hydrogen. The test stand included a diesel engine 1.3 Multijet, hydrogen cylinders and measuring equipment. Empirical tests included engine testing at idle and at specified speeds on a chassis dynamometer, vehicle acceleration in selected gears from specified initial values of engine revolutions was also tested.. Selected parameters of the diesel fuel combustion and injection process were calculated and analyzed. The paper is a preliminary attempt to determine the possibility of co-power supply to diesel and hydrogen engines.

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14

Fritz, S. G., and G. R. Cataldi. "Gaseous and Particulate Emissions From Diesel Locomotive Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906240.

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Steady-state gaseous and particulate emissions data are presented from two 12-cylinder diesel locomotive engines. The two laboratory engines, a EMD 645E3B and a GE 7FDL, are rated at 1860 kW (2500 hp) and are representative of the majority of the locomotive fleet in North America. Each engine was tested for total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate. Emissions were measured at all steady-state operating conditions that make up the eight discrete locomotive throttle notch positions, plus idle, low idle, and dynamic brake. Emissions are reported for each engine with two different diesel fuels: a baseline diesel fuel with a sulfur content of 0.33 weight percent, and a commercially available low-sulfur diesel fuel with a sulfur content of 0.01 weight percent.

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15

Cross, E. S., J. F. Hunter, A. J. Carrasquillo, J. P. Franklin, S. C. Herndon, J. T. Jayne, D. R. Worsnop, R. C. Miake-Lye, and J. H. Kroll. "Online measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from aircraft." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 3 (March 25, 2013): 8065–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-8065-2013.

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Abstract. A detailed understanding of the climate and air quality impacts of aviation requires detailed measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) from aircraft. Currently both the amount and chemical composition of aircraft I/SVOC emissions remain poorly characterized. Here we characterize I/SVOC emissions from aircraft, using a novel instrument for the online, quantitative measurement of the mass loading and composition of low-volatility organic vapors. Emissions from the NASA DC8 aircraft were sampled on the ground, 143 m downwind of the engines and characterized as a function of engine power from ground idle (~4% maximum rated thrust) through 85% power. Results show that I/SVOC emissions are highest during engine-idle operating conditions, with decreasing but non-zero I/SVOC emissions at higher engine powers. Comparison of I/SVOC emissions with total hydrocarbon (THC) measurements, VOC measurements, and an established emissions profile indicates that I/SVOCs comprise 10–20% of the total organic gas phase emissions at idle, and an increasing fraction of the total gas phase organic emissions at higher powers. Positive matrix factorization of online mass spectra is used to identify three distinct types of I/SVOC emissions: aliphatic, aromatic and oxygenated. The volatility and chemical composition of the emissions suggest that unburned fuel is the dominant source of I/SVOCs at idle, while pyrolysis products make up an increasing fraction of the I/SVOCs at higher powers. Oxygenated I/SVOC emissions were detected at lower engine powers (≤30%) and may be linked to cracked, partially oxidized or unburned fuel components.

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16

Cross, E. S., J. F. Hunter, A. J. Carrasquillo, J. P. Franklin, S. C. Herndon, J. T. Jayne, D. R. Worsnop, R. C. Miake-Lye, and J. H. Kroll. "Online measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from aircraft." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 15 (August 14, 2013): 7845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7845-2013.

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Abstract. A detailed understanding of the climate and air quality impacts of aviation requires measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) from aircraft. Currently both the amount and chemical composition of aircraft I/SVOC emissions remain poorly characterized. Here we characterize I/SVOC emissions from aircraft, using a novel instrument for the online, quantitative measurement of the mass loading and composition of low-volatility organic vapors. Emissions from the NASA DC8 aircraft were sampled on the ground 143 m downwind of the engines and characterized as a function of engine power from idle (4% maximum rated thrust) through 85% power. Results show that I/SVOC emissions are highest during engine idle operating conditions, with decreasing but non-zero I/SVOC emissions at higher engine powers. Comparison of I/SVOC emissions with total hydrocarbon (THC) measurements, VOC measurements, and an established emissions profile indicates that I/SVOCs comprise 10–20% of the total organic gas-phase emissions at idle, and an increasing fraction of the total gas-phase organic emissions at higher powers. Positive matrix factorization of online mass spectra is used to identify three distinct types of I/SVOC emissions: aliphatic, aromatic and oxygenated. The volatility and chemical composition of the emissions suggest that unburned fuel is the dominant source of I/SVOCs at idle, while pyrolysis products make up an increasing fraction of the I/SVOCs at higher powers. Oxygenated I/SVOC emissions were detected at lower engine powers (≤30%) and may be linked to cracked, partially oxidized or unburned fuel components.

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17

Chłopek, Zdzisław. "Some remarks on engine testing in dynamic states." Combustion Engines 143, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117131.

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The paper presents a systematic approach towards the problems of dynamics of combustion engines. The notions of work processes of combustion engines and operating conditions as well as engine states of operation have been formally introduced. An axiomatic qualification of the engine operating process as static and dynamic has been proposed. The systematics of the engine operating states has been described. As an example of application of the proposed formalism the results of exhaust emission tests from the Detroit Diesel engine Series 50 have been shown (operating in the conditions of a HDDTT homologation test). The exhaust emissions were tested in the states: the whole test – increasing engine speed, decreasing engine speed and engine speed above idle. A high sensitivity of the average emission rate to types of discussed dynamic states has been observed.

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18

Gutarevych, Yurii, Vasyl Mateichyk, Jonas Matijošius, Alfredas Rimkus, Igor Gritsuk, Oleksander Syrota, and Yevheniy Shuba. "Improving Fuel Economy of Spark Ignition Engines Applying the Combined Method of Power Regulation." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051076.

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One of the disadvantages of spark ignition engines, whose power is regulated by throttling, is the increased fuel consumption at low loads and when the engine is idle. The combined method of engine power regulation by switching off the cylinder group and throttling working cylinders is one of the effective ways to improve fuel economy in the above-mentioned modes. This article presents the research results of the combined method of engine power regulation which can be realized by minor structural changes in operating conditions. The method implies the following: at low loads and at idle speed of the engine. Fuel supply to the group of cylinders is switched off with the simultaneous increase of the cyclic fuel supply in the working cylinders. The adequacy of the calculated results has been checked by the indication of operating processes in switched off and working cylinders. The research results of a six-cylinder spark ignition engine with the distributed gasoline injection using the combined power regulation system have been shown. The angles of opening the throttle which provides a non-shock transition from the operation with all cylinders to the operation with the cylinder group switched off have been determined.

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19

Zhang, Cui Ping, Li Ping Sun, and Zhi Ying Yue. "Gasoline Engine Idle Speed Control Based on PID Fuzzy Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 338 (September 2011): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.338.65.

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According to the characteristics of operating procedures of gasoline engine idle speed; a fuzzy control method is developed to control idle speed of gasoline engine. A novel controller is designed. The controller, which combines fuzzy logic algorithm with traditional PID algorithm, improves steady and dynamic performances of idle speed control. The method has the advantage of not requiring a precise mathematical model of the controlled object. By using SIMULINK simulation software of MATLAB, the simulation results obtained with the PID fuzzy controller show that the PID fuzzy controller has better controlled performances and robustness. It provides some reference values for further practical application.

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20

Ajovalasit, M., and J. Giacomin. "Analysis of variations in diesel engine idle vibration." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 10 (October 2003): 921–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440703769683324.

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21

Bidan, P., L. K. Kouadio, M. Valentin, and G. Montseny. "Electrical assistance for S.I. engine idle-speed control." Control Engineering Practice 6, no. 7 (July 1998): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0661(98)00061-6.

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22

Thornhill, M., and S. Thompson. "Adaptive fuzzy logic control of engine idle speed." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 213, no. 2 (March 1999): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0959651991540458.

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23

De Filippi, R., and R. Scattolini. "Idle Speed Control of a F1 Racing Engine." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, no. 22 (April 2004): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)30347-6.

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24

De Filippi, R., and R. Scattolini. "Idle speed control of a F1 racing engine." Control Engineering Practice 14, no. 3 (March 2006): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2005.03.021.

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25

Ma, Fanhua, Yituan He, Jiao Deng, Long Jiang, Nashay Naeve, Mingyue Wang, and Renzhe Chen. "Idle characteristics of a hydrogen fueled SI engine." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36, no. 7 (April 2011): 4454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.12.121.

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26

Li, Xue Jun, Wei Hong, and Yan Su. "Idle Speed Control for GDI Engines with Interval Time-Delay." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1598.

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The gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is a highly non-linear and a delayed system. The engine modle with time-delays is derived. The delays consist of an intake to torque production state delay and a network -induced interval delay. Base on the Liapunov-Krasovskii function, the criterion of interval delay control system is proposed, which ensure the idle speed control system is stability as well as robust. The simulation results show that the H∞ control has good robustness,which improves the stability of the idle speed of the GDI engine.

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27

He, Shuilong, Binqiang Chen, Zhansi Jiang, Yanxue Wang, and Fuyun Liu. "Control of steering wheel idle jitter based on optimization of engine suspension system with verifications using multi-sensor measurement." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 6 (June 2018): 155014771878237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718782373.

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Strong steering wheel jitter during idling states of the engine can seriously deteriorate the driving comfort as well as the driving safety. The powertrain suspension system can be considered as the only essential path for the transmission of vibrations from the engine to the vehicle cab. Its vibration isolation performance directly affects the severity of vibrations on the steering wheel. In this article, aiming at solving the problem of a certain type of commercial vehicle’s steering wheel with strong idle jitter at the idle state, the intrinsic characteristics and vibration isolation performances of the powertrain suspension system were studied in detail. A multi-sensor-based measurement strategy was utilized to evaluate the idle jitter severity of the steering wheel. In order to improve the indicators of the decoupling degree, the vibration transmissibility, and the resonant frequency distributions of the engine suspension system, an optimization model of engine suspension system was established. Parameters of the optimized suspension system were obtained by multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the optimization algorithm to solve the problem of the vehicle’s steering wheel jitter at idle states were verified through a test using multiple acceleration sensors, which has practical values in the engineering field.

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28

POJAWA, Bogdan. "Energetic state parameters measurements of LM 2500 naval gas turbine for modeling and simulation purposes." Combustion Engines 171, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-437.

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This article presents examples of results of energetic state parameters measurements of LM 2500 naval gas turbines operated by the Polish Navy. Currently in operation there are four LM 2500-type engines. In the near future, another LM 2500 engine will commence operations, along with a project 661M patrol ship. The energetic state parameters measurements covers the engine start-up process, their operation in idle mode and within the whole range of load variations, as well as stoppage of engine process. The article presents examples of characteristics specific to the above processes, determined based on the results of studies of this kind of engines. The results of these studies will be used to verify the modeling and simulation results of the internal energy processes occurring in this kind of engine.

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29

Yazar, Isil, Tolga Yasa, and Emre Kiyak. "Simulation-based steady-state aero-thermal model for small-scale turboprop engine." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 89, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-02-2015-0062.

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Purpose An aircraft engine control system consists of a large scale of control parameters and variables because of the complex structure of aero-engine. Monitoring and adjusting control variables and parameters such as detecting, isolating and reconfiguring the system faults/failures depend on the controller design. Developing a robust controller is based on an accurate mathematical model. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a small-scale turboprop engine is modeled. Simulation is carried out on MATLAB/Simulink for design and off-design operating conditions. Both steady-state and transient conditions (from idle to maximum thrust levels) are tested. The performance parameters of compressor and turbine components are predicted via trained Neuro-Fuzzy model (ANFIS) based on component maps. Temperature, rotational speed, mass flow, pressure and other parameters are generated by using thermodynamic formulas and conservation laws. Considering these calculated values, error calculations are made and compared with the cycle data of the engine at the related simulation conditions. Findings Simulation results show that the designed engine model’s simulation values have acceptable accuracy for both design and off-design conditions from idle to maximum power operating envelope considering cycle data. The designed engine model can be adapted to other types of gas turbine engines. Originality/value Different from other literature studies, in this work, a small-scale turboprop engine is modeled. Furthermore, for performance prediction of compressor and turbine components, ANFIS structure is applied.

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30

Qiao, Xiang Ming, and An Xu. "Research on Hydrocarbon Emission Regularity of Passenger Car." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.401.

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To analyse and research the idle hydrocarbon emission regularity of passenger car gasoline engine, based on large sample detected data of different type cars, parameter estimation and hypothesis test are carried on by statistical tools and neans, and the optimum distribution parameters of idle hydrocarbon emission of different type engines are also got. Then the optimum distribution models of these engines are established. The calculating result shows that the maximum error between model calculating and sample detecting certification rates is only 0.526 8%, and the established models have very high calculating precision and practical value. On the other hand, the research also shows that the inspect and maintenance program should be strengthen in order to control vehicle emission pollution effectively.

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31

Wu, Chang Tai, Liang Chun Lu, and Jau Huai Lu. "The Effect of Misfire on the Emission and Engine Performance of a Single Cylinder Motorcycle Engine." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1655.

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A misfire controller developed by the authors was used in this paper to investigate the effect of misfire on the emission and engine performance of a single cylinder motorcycle engine. Three kinds of test were carried out, the idle test, the engine dynamometer tests, and the chassis test. It was found that in the engine dynamometer tests, the concentration of unburned hydrocarbons in the engine exhaust was raised and the engine torque declined as the misfire rate increased. The variations of the CO and CO2 are not the same in different operating conditions. At low load, CO concentration increased with the misfire rate while CO2 moved in an opposite direction. Contrary condition happened at high load. The CO2 concentration increased with the misfire rate while CO varied in the opposite way. Results of idle test showed that misfire would cause moderate deterioration of engine emission. However, chassis dynamometer test showed that even 1% of misfire would cause severe increase of emission.

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32

Zheng, Q. "Optimal engine-transmission control of neutral-idle clutch application." JSAE Review 22, no. 4 (October 2001): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0389-4304(01)00129-1.

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33

Kositza, N., Ch Fleck, A. Schloβer, and H. Rake. "Periodicity of the Idle Speed of a diesel engine." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 34, no. 12 (August 2001): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)34065-x.

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34

Xu, F., H. Chen, X. Gong, and Y. F. Hu. "Engine Idle Speed Control Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46, no. 21 (2013): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20130904-4-jp-2042.00119.

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35

Liu, Xian Qiang, Jia Yi Du, Yin Nan Yuan, and Lei Zhu. "The Study on Control Strategy of Rail Pressure in the Starting Process for Common Rail Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.273.

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The analysis on the characteristics of each period in the starting process for common rail diesel engine was carried out. Rail pressure simulation model in the starting process was set by Matlab/Simulink. And rail pressure was tested in 4JB1 high pressure common rail diesel engine. The experimental results showed that idle rail pressure and engine speed fluctuated severely. Solution to correction of duty of metering unit(MeUn) at initial period was proposed, and effect of dragged laps on duty of MeUn was added in control strategy. The improved experimental results showed that amplitude of rail pressure fluctuation was very small and idle speed was no longer overshoot. The performance of diesel engine in the starting process has been greatly improved.

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36

Benajes, J., J. M. Luján, V. Bermúdez, and J. R. Serrano. "Modelling of turbocharged diesel engines in transient operation. Part 1: Insight into the relevant physical phenomena." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407021529237.

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A new calculation model, able to predict the engine performance during an engine transient, has been developed, based on an existing wave action code. Previously to the model development, the turbocharged diesel engine's transient phenomena (turbocharger lag, thermal transient and energy transport delay) were deeply analysed on the basis of experimental information. The study has been focused on the load transient, i.e. torque increase from idle, at constant engine speed of a high speed direct injection (DI) turbocharged engine. Experimental load transient tests have been performed, with the aim of obtaining a combustion database during engine transient operation, to input into a combustion simulation submodel. The applied methodology allows the characterization of the transient combustion process in any DI turbocharged engine.

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Joshi, Mrunal C., Dheeraj Gosala, Gregory M. Shaver, James McCarthy, and Lisa Farrell. "Exhaust valve profile modulation for improved diesel engine curb idle aftertreatment thermal management." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 10 (April 9, 2021): 3179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087420969101.

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Rapid warm-up of a diesel engine aftertreatment system (ATS) is a challenge at low loads. Modulating exhaust manifold pressure (EMP) to increase engine pumping work, fuel consumption, and as a result, engine-outlet temperature, is a commonly used technique for ATS thermal management at low loads. This paper introduces exhaust valve profile modulation as a technique to increase engine-outlet temperature for ATS thermal management, without requiring modulation of exhaust manifold pressure. Experimental steady state results at 800 RPM/1.3 bar BMEP (curb idle) demonstrate that early exhaust valve opening with negative valve overlap (EEVO+NVO) can achieve engine-outlet temperature in excess of 255°C with 5.7% lower fuel consumption, 12% lower engine out NOx and 20% lower engine-out soot than the conventional thermal management strategy. Late exhaust valve opening with internal EGR via reinduction (LEVO+Reinduction) resulted in engine-outlet temperature in excess of 280°C, while meeting emission constraints at no fuel consumption penalty. This work also demonstrates that LEVO in conjunction with modulation of exhaust manifold pressure results in engine-outlet temperature in excess of 340°C while satisfying desired emission constraints. Aggressive use of LEVO can result in engine-outlet temperatures of 460°C, capable of active regeneration of DPF at curb idle, without the significant increase in engine-out soot emissions seen in previously studied strategies.

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Huang, Jin-Quan, and Jian-Guo Sun. "Multivariable Adaptive Control Using Only Input and Output Measurements for Turbojet Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2814096.

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Current and future aircraft engines are increasingly relying upon the use of multivariable control approach for meeting advanced performance requirements. A multivariable model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme is proposed in this paper. The adaptation law is derived using only input and output (I/O) measurements. Simulation studies are performed for a two-spool turbojet engine. The satisfactory transient responses are obtained at different operating points from idle to maximum dry power within the flight envelope. These show insensitivity of the design to engine power level and flight condition. Simulation results also show high effectiveness of reducing interaction in multivariable systems with significant coupling. Using the multivariable MRAC controller, the engine acceleration time is reduced by about 19 percent in comparison with the conventional engine controller.

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Betts, Daniel A., Vernon P. Roan, and James H. Fletcher. "Discussion and Analysis of Flue Gas Utilization in a Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Engine During Idle Operation." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (May 25, 2005): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2133803.

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Fuel cell technology has in recent years won the favor of all major car manufacturers as a likely future replacement of the internal combustion engine. This has been driven by the potential for high efficiency and low emissions. Still, fuel cell engines must overcome major hurdles before being introduced into the market. One such hurdle is systems integration; in particular, with fuel cell engines that do not use hydrogen as their primary fuel. In these engines, fuels, such as methanol, are employed instead of hydrogen because of their high-energy density and ease of storage. However, these benefits are counterbalanced by the need to reform these fuels on-board the fuel cell vehicle, thus substantially increasing the complexity of the fuel cell engine. Through the course of operating a 30ft methanol-fueled phosphoric acid fuel cell bus, repeated overheating of the steam-reformer catalyst bed at low engine power outputs was noted. For the purpose of better understanding these overheating events, relevant data was obtained from the bus. Bus operation at low-power outputs was found to have low hydrogen consumption (∼40% to ∼60% of the stack’s incoming hydrogen) due to low electrical demands and reformate flow rate constraints. In the bus, the anode flue gas is burned in the reformer burner, which provides the heat required for the endothermic methanol steam reforming reaction (see Fig. 1 later). At low engine power, the flue gas is the reformer burner’s only fuel, but the energy carried by the flue gas is much greater than the energy required for the reforming reaction and consequently causes reformer overheating at low power. This case serves as an example of how appropriate fuel cell system integration is crucial in order to harness fuel cell benefits. To study such system integration problems, a steady-state model of the fuel cell bus engine was developed. Using this model the bus reformer overheating problem was understood and several possible improvements for utilization of the flue gas were conceited.

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Xiao, Yinli, Zhengxin Lai, Zupeng Wang, and Kefei Chen. "Predicting Lean Blowout and Emissions of Aircraft Engine Combustion Chamber Based on CRN." International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 36, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2017-0063.

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Abstract To predict the pollutant emissions and lean blowout, chemical reactor network (CRN) model is applied to the modern aircraft engine combustion chamber. In this study, the CRN which represent the major features of aerodynamics and combustion in the combustion chamber is set up based on the OpenFOAM simulation results. The boundary and the initial conditions used for the CRN derive from the operating modes of typical aircraft engine cycle. A 21 species 30 steps chemical mechanism of kerosene is employed in the CRN method. The levels of pollutant emissions are obtained under four ICAO engine power settings of idle, approach climb and take off. The lean blowout equivalent ratio is evaluated at the idle power setting. The results will be helpful to predict the aircraft engine exhaust emissions and lean blowout (LBO).

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Courteille, E., and F. Mortier. "Idle shake vibration optimization of an engine mounting system through the practical application of transfer path analysis." Noise Control Engineering Journal 68, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/376838.

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This article presents a practical application of experimental transfer path analysis (TPA) for optimizing idle shake vibrations of a front-wheel-drive car with a transversely mounted four-cylinder diesel engine. Performance control of the vehicle engine mounting system must take into account the multiple dynamic interactions between the engine mounting system, subframe modes and the vehicle suspension. Experimental methods can be used in conjunction with simulations to design and optimize the engine mounting system. TPA is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of vibration and noise transmission via multiple solid paths. TPA allows a quick diagnosis of the engine mounting system performances on vehicle comfort. A strong synergy between numerical model and experimental data finally makes it possible to find better design alternatives, not necessarily obvious to the designer. This study is the guideline for an optimization of the engine mount noise vibration and harshness (NVH) performances by using a hybrid approach, combining an analytical approach and measurement data. First, a diagnosis of the transmission of structure-borne vibrations via the engine mounting system to the seat floor is done at constant idle speed. This method is used to rank individual engine mount contributions in the low-frequency vibration level inside the vehicle. Then, an original approach allows the optimization of the vibration level at idle speed by offsetting contributions of the engine mount paths by adding damping in the right engine mount. This approach has led to the design and validation of an original double inertia-track hydroelastic mount prototype which allows a 5-dB reduction on the seat floor vibration level. The future development of a new version is planned to confirm and optimized the obtained results. The length of the second inertia track will be increased to reach the targeted characteristics, and the adjustment system will be removed to respect the overall dimension constraints of the mount.

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Luo, Dong Song, and Hai Feng Zhao. "A New Backstepping Sliding Control Technique for Hybrid Vehicles Engine Idle Speed Control." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.901.

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In the paper, the idle speed control problem for hybrid vehicles engine is investigated. The mathematics equations about dynamic characteristic of engine’s primary subsystems are presented in the view of the physical characters of engine. A new back stepping sliding mode controller was designed based on the simplified model of engine, and the simulation results show the great improvement of engine control performance, especially to overcome the disturbance.

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Guo, Li Xin, Rui Li, Jia Chao Cui, and Jin Li Li. "Finite Element Modeling and Harmonic Analysis of the Bus Bodywork." Applied Mechanics and Materials 224 (November 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.3.

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The characteristics of vibration and noise of an automobile have become important factors for evaluating automobiles. In this study, finite element modal analysis and harmonic analysis were used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the bus bodywork. The analytical results show that vibration of ceiling board and floor board is large while the engine remains the idle running. The vibration of ceiling board and floor board are large during the engine running with the idle speed or the highest speed. In addition, the vibration of ceiling board and floor board also has peak values during the engine running with the maximum torsion moment. Therefore, for prediction of vehicle bodywork vibration and vehicle interior noise, the influence of the engine vibration on them should be considered in order to avoid resonance of bodywork boards and coupling of bodywork boards and interior acoustic field.

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Приходьков, K. Prikhodkov, Захаров, E. Zakharov, Федянов, E. Fedyanov, Левин, Yu Levin, Алексейчук, and V. Alekseychuk. "INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEN ADDITION TO ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OF ROTARY-PISTON WANKEL ENGINE." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17778.

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The results of the experimental research workflow rotary-piston engine VAZ-311 with the addition of hydrogen at idle and average urban cycle are observed. The results show an improvement of the environmental performance of rotary-piston engine.

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Tang, San Li. "Design of Variable Cylinders Internal Combustion Engine with Energy Recovery Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1374.

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Variable cylinders internal combustion engine works with variable number of cylinders. For gasoline engines, the fuel consumption rate rises rapidly with the decline of shaft power when operating at low load. If we reduce the number of cylinders but keep a constant power, each cylinder has more load and then works with low fuel consumption. At the same time, the spare cylinder can be used as an air compressor to recycle the energy lost in deceleration, braking or idle state. Pressed air is the carrier of recycled energy. Experiments show the fuel saving function similar to small-engine cars and energy recovery similar to expensive hybrid cars.

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Kouadio, L. K., P. Bidan, M. Valentin, and J. P. Berry. "S.I. Engine Idle Control Improvement by Using Automobile Reversible "Alternator"." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 29, no. 1 (June 1996): 7790–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)58945-4.

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He, Yi Tuan, and Na An. "Combustion and Emission Characteristics of CNG Engine at Idle Conditons." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.786.

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The effects of ignition advance angle and excess air ratio on the combustion and emissions characteristics were investigated on a CNG engine at idle conditions. The throttle valve was fully closed. When the parameters were changed, the stepper motor was adjusted automatically to control the engine speed at 800r/min. When the θi is changed from 40 to 10o BTDC, the maximum ITE and the maximum power are observed at λ=1.1. As λ increases, the maximum ITE is corresponding to a greater θi. The COVimep will be increased if the θi is too advanced or too small. When λ is more than 1.3, the COVimep increases obviously. When λ=1.1, NOx emissions get the highest level.

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Bidan, P., L. K. Kouadio, M. Valentin, and S. Boverie. "S.I. Engine Idle Assistance Using A Synchronous Machine: Experimental Results." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 31, no. 2 (March 1998): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)44179-6.

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Yildiz, Yildiray, Anuradha M. Annaswamy, Diana Yanakiev, and Ilya Kolmanovsky. "Spark-Ignition-Engine Idle Speed Control: An Adaptive Control Approach." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 19, no. 5 (September 2011): 990–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2010.2078818.

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Shamekhi, Amir‐Mohammad, Amir Taghavipour, and Amir H. Shamekhi. "Engine idle speed control using nonlinear multiparametric model predictive control." Optimal Control Applications and Methods 41, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 960–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oca.2581.

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