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1
Anjali, Anjali, and Maninder Singh. "Performance Analysis of Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid MANET Routing Protocols on IEEE 802. 11 Standard." International Journal of Computer Applications 54, no. 12 (September 25, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/8615-2476.
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Wright, Don. "The History of the IEEE 802 Standard." IEEE Communications Standards Magazine 2, no. 2 (June 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2018.8412452.
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Bhaskar, Devendra, and Bhawna Mallick. "Performance Evaluation of MAC Protocol for IEEE 802. 11, 802. 11Ext. WLAN and IEEE 802. 15. 4 WPAN using NS-2." International Journal of Computer Applications 119, no. 16 (June 18, 2015): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/21153-4151.
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Qi, Long Fei, Zhi Hua Ning, and Le Nian He. "A Design of Powered Device Interface Chip under PoE System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1277.
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This paper proposes a design of powered device interface chip compatible with communication protocol IEEE 802.at standard, for Ethernet control of power supply. This design has all the features IEEE 802.at standard requires, including the detection, classification, under-voltage lockout and inrush current control, support of not less than 25.5W of power. The circuit of the chip is designed with Hangzhou Silan BCD process technique. Specific features of the design are 140mA inrush-current-limiting, complementary-output-enable-signal, under-voltage, overvoltage, over temperature protection, an optional external power adapter input, IEEE 802.3at type2 display signals by new electrical equipment, as well as two-event classification logic implementation.
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Bodson, Dennis. "ITU maintains IEEE 802, 16 wirelessman standard recommendations [Standards]." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 3, no. 2 (June 2008): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2008.923970.
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Vohra, Rajan, R. S. Sawhney, Shipra Nayyar, and Sunandika Mann. "WLAN Performance Improvisation by Fine Tuning IEEE 802. 11 Parameters." International Journal of Computer Applications 43, no. 6 (April 30, 2012): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/6107-8319.
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Feng Zhang, T. C. Todd, Dongmei Zhao, and V. Kezys. "Power saving access points for IEEE 802-11 wireless network infrastructure." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 5, no. 2 (February 2006): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2006.25.
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Izhar, Mohd, and V. R. Singh. "Proposing of Collisions Free and Secure Network for IEEE 802. 11 WLAN." International Journal of Computer Applications 98, no. 5 (July 18, 2014): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/17179-7274.
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AhmadAnsari, Asrar, Md Jahangeer Alam, Zafrul Hasan, and Khwaja Mohammad Athar Siddique. "Performance Analysis of IEEE 802. 11 Ad Hoc Network with varying CWmin." International Journal of Applied Information Systems 6, no. 7 (January 8, 2014): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijais14-451073.
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A.Mohamed, M., W. B. Bahget, and S. S Mohamed. "A Performance Evaluation for Rate Adaptation Algorithms in IEEE 802. 11 Wireless Networks." International Journal of Computer Applications 99, no. 4 (August 20, 2014): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/17365-7884.
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K.Manocha, R., R. P. Agarwal, and Anoop Srivastava. "Modifications in IEEE 802. 11 to Prevent Collisions due to Interference in MANETs." International Journal of Computer Applications 50, no. 17 (July 28, 2012): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/7862-1112.
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R.Puranik, Swaroop, Vijayalakshmi M., and Linganagouda Kulkarni. "A Survey and Analysis on Scheduling Algorithms in IEEE 802. 16e (WiMAX) Standard." International Journal of Computer Applications 79, no. 12 (October 18, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/13790-1476.
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Jinadu, Olayinka, Rafiu Ijawoye, Olumide Ijarotimi, Victor Owa, and Nelson Akinboyewa. "On the Communication Requirements of IEEE 802.Xxx Standardization: Evaluating Cognition Performance in WLAN." International Journal of Case Studies (ISSN Online 2305-509X) 09, no. 02 (February 29, 2020): 68–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4896541.
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Reconfiguration Communication System (RCS) intelligently provides interoperating platforms that enable communication with lower standards. Incremental demand for wireless services required justifiable capacity improvement of communication protocols. To ugrade existing wireless systems using APs computational techniques, the operational capability is facilitated flexible scaling and transmission reliability. This paper examines the communication requirements of relevant IEEE standardizations in cognition and interoperations. The impact of larger frame sizes and high delivery rates were examined in Ad-hoc wlan configuration. Using multi-user multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO) technology as communication elements in bands below 6GHz, Throughput performance was investigated using enterprise Network Simulator Package (eNSP). A significant reduction in packet errors was recorded in the simulations. This suggests an improved throughput, provided by flexible switching over long-distances. IEEE802.11ac standard implementation confirmed efficient cognition while IEEE 802.22 technology established interoperability techniques during reconfigurations. Protocol amendment to IEEE 802.11a standardization provided higher throughput measure characterized for transmissions below 6GHz traffics. IEEE 802.11af enables multiple multimedia data streaming while co-existence of multiple users on the network guaranteed system scaling. The co-existence of increasingly served users were provisioned by IEEE 8802.16h, while interoperation was facilitated by 802.22 to encourage dynamic resource utilization. Also, dual-stack AP peers in P2P modes provided much flexibility in parameter switching to enable fast handoffs. Support to local network management systems by reconfiguration made entire network scale with reduced latency and resultantly improved throughput performance was attributed to IEEE 802.11ac, 802.11af, 802.16h and IEEE 802.22 standardization implementations.
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Fettouh, Abdessadeq, Najib El Kamoun, and Abdelaziz El Fazziki. "Performance Analysis of Ubiquitous Wireless Connectivity in a 3G/IEEE 802. 11 Integrated Network." International Journal of Computer Applications 59, no. 10 (December 18, 2012): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/9583-4061.
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Gupta, Vishal, and Mukesh Kumar Rohil. "Bit-Stuffing in 802. 11 Beacon Frame: Embedding Non-Standard Custom Information." International Journal of Computer Applications 63, no. 2 (February 15, 2013): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/10436-5115.
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Thangaraj, P., K. Sakthi Sudhan, and S. N. Sivanandam. "Perceptible MOS Factor Achieved during Voice Transmission in IEEE 802. 1Q Standard for Video Conferencing." International Journal of Computer Applications 55, no. 1 (October 20, 2012): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/8720-2591.
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I.A.Jabbar, A., and Emad A. Mohammed. "Utilizing TV Frequency Bands using Coalitional Game Theory according to the Standard of IEEE 802. 22." International Journal of Computer Applications 85, no. 6 (January 16, 2014): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/14844-3089.
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Taha, Ezzulddin Yaseen, and Ahmed A. Oglah. "Optimum Compensation of Packet-Loss over IEEE 802 Standard-Based Blackhole for DC Motor Speed Control." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 58, no. 1 (January 31, 2025): 97–104. https://doi.org/10.18280/jesa.580111.
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Sharma, Himanshu, Vibhav Kumar Sachan, and Syed Akhtar Imam. "Energy Efficiency of the IEEE 802. 15. 4 Standard in Wireless Sensor Networks: Modeling and Improvement Perspectives." International Journal of Computer Applications 58, no. 9 (November 15, 2012): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/9309-3540.
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V, Karthikeyan. "A Review on ZIGBEE in WSN." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i1.pp29-32.
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<p>Zigbee is fastidious for a group of abnormal state communication conventions. Zigbee is a run of the mill remote correspondence innovation. ZigBee uses low rate, low-control advanced radios taking into account an IEEE 802 standard for individual region systems. The change characterised by the ZigBee particular is proposed to be easier and less extravagant than the different WPANs remote single zone system, for example, Bluetooth. ZigBee is focused on radio-recurrence applications that compel a low in order rate, long battery life, and secure systems administration. ZigBee has a characterized rate of 250 kbps most appropriate for occasional or irregular information or a single sign transmission from a sensor or data gadget. It is a standard Open convention with no or unimportant permitting charges, chipsets accessible from various sources, remotely redesigned firmware, completely remote and low power, lattice systems administration to work on batteries, low support and bigger system size with standard based high security. </p>
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Karthikeyan, V. "A Review on ZIGBEE in WSN." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 29–32. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i1.pp29-32.
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Zigbee is fastidious for a group of abnormal state communication conventions. Zigbee is a run of the mill remote correspondence innovation. ZigBee uses low rate, low-control advanced radios taking into account an IEEE 802 standard for individual region systems. The change characterised by the ZigBee particular is proposed to be easier and less extravagant than the different WPANs remote single zone system, for example, Bluetooth. ZigBee is focused on radio-recurrence applications that compel a low in order rate, long battery life, and secure systems administration. ZigBee has a characterized rate of 250 kbps most appropriate for occasional or irregular information or a single sign transmission from a sensor or data gadget. It is a standard Open convention with no or unimportant permitting charges, chipsets accessible from various sources, remotely redesigned firmware, completely remote and low power, lattice systems administration to work on batteries, low support and bigger system size with standard based high security.
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Kravchuk, Serhii, Liana Afanasieva, and Irina Kravchuk. "INVESTIGATION OF A MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIO LINK CHARACTERISTICS OF IEEE 802.11AD STANDARD IN URBAN AREAS." Information and Telecommunication Sciences, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2411-2976.12021.5-11.
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Background. The explosive growth in the use of mobile broadband is significantly increasing the bandwidth requirements. Millimeter-wave spectrum is necessary for 5G networks to achieve data transfer rates of the order of Gb/s, in particular, for the provision of 3D video services, and the use radio modules for millimeter-wave frequencies as picocells in the streets will expand the capabilities of existing cellular networks and provide an increase in bandwidth. Therefore, the study of the characteristics of this spectrum is an urgent task today.
 Objective. The purpose of the paper is to present the results of studying the characteristics of a millimeter-wave radio link to ensure high-speed user access to IP data transmission networks and the possibility of using the IEEE 802.11ad standard in open areas.
 Methods. Structural and functional methods of constructing a millimeter-wave wireless network in urban areas based on IEEE 802.11ad standard hardware are investigated.
 Results. The studies were carried out using a test bench with a point-to-point topology deployed in an urban environment (Kiev) with the line of sight without significant obstacles. The studies tested the possibility of using for millimeter-wave hardware technologies of the IEEE 802.11ad standard, which is used indoors, for applications in urban areas.
 The use of a narrow beam antenna based on an antenna array allows adaptive control of the radiation pattern to bypass small obstacles blocking direct transmission, which allows reducing interference and receive/transmit a signal.
 Conclusions. Experimental testing of the hardware capabilities of the IEEE 802.11ad standard has been carried out. Scenarios for constructing a millimeter-wave radio link under various weather conditions have been worked out.
 Keywords: millimeter-wave; bandwidth; IEEE 802.11ad standard; 5G networks
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Asfandiyarova, М. Sh, and Т. P. Rybakova. "Economically valuable traits of collected sesame samples tested in the conditions of the Astrakhan region." Oil Crops 3, no. 183 (November 30, 2020): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2020-3-183-71-74.
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In 2017–2018, we studied 45 sesame samples from the VIR collection in the experimental fields of the Cis-Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PAFNC RAN). According to temperature indicators, conditions of the years of a research were favorable for the growth and development of sesame. The sum of positive temperatures over the years was equal 3253.8 and 3249.7 °C, respectively. The length of the vegetative period of samples varied from 104 to 133 days. The earliest maturing samples (98–105 days) were KK-80 and 741 from Uzbekistan and K-802 from Tajikistan. As middle-early maturing (106–115 days) 11 samples were characterized, 25 samples were middle maturing (116–125 days), and five samples were late maturing (126–133 days). The most of the samples (33 samples) had seeds of average size (1000 seeds weight of 3.0–3.4 g) at the standard level (3.1 g). By a complex of economically valuable traits we selected 30 samples. The samples KK-883, 291, 171, 265, 468 from Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Tunisia and Malta demonstrated the highest yield (3.0–4.3 t/ha). Very early maturing samples of sesame with high yields are of great interest and can be used in breeding work.
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Yadav, Sachin, Pieter Cardinael, Ming Zhao, Komal Vondkar, Uthayasankaran Peralagu, Alireza Alian, Raul Rodriguez, et al. "(Digital Presentation) Substrate Effects in GaN-on-Si Hemt Technology for RF FEM Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 32 (October 9, 2022): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02321208mtgabs.
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Abstract : GaN-on-Si HEMTs are emerging as a viable candidate for front-end-of-module (FEM) implementation in 5G and beyond user equipment and small-cell applications [1][2]. This is because GaN HEMTs based power amplifiers and switches have high power handling capability as well as excellent switch figure-of-merit (Ron × Coff). The cost-effective integration of GaN HEMTs on silicon substrates not only benefit from standard CMOS back-end-of-the-line processing but also wafer-level integration with Si-CMOS [1][3], enabling complex functionality and better performance than the standalone counterparts. An example can be a hybrid beamformer where GaN HEMTs can enable much smaller antenna array and therefore a smaller system form factor. For 5G wireless applications, standalone or co-integrated GaN HEMT based FEMs can lead to a more energy efficient and compact system as compared to standalone Si-CMOS technologies. However, for both amplifiers and switches, GaN-on-Si HEMTs present thermal management and substrate loss related issues. In this work, we study and model the impact of GaN HEMT integration on Si substrate on RF substrate losses and non-linearities. The growth of III-N buffer is the most significant factor in determining RF losses and harmonic distortion contribution from the substrate. High temperature annealing and ion implantation steps encountered during HEMT processing can also degrade the substrate performance. In addition, we demonstrate a direct co-relation between substrate losses and harmonic distortion analogous to silicon-on-insulator technologies (Figure 1). However, the bias dependence of RF losses and harmonics show a strong time dependence (memory effects) which is more complex to model [11]. We discuss the approaches to understand and model these effects. References: [1] H. W. Then et al, IEEE IEDM Tech. Dig., 2021, pp. 230-234. [2] B. Parvais et al, IEEE IEDM Tech. Dig., 2020, pp. 155-158. [3] W. E. Hoke et al, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 30, 02B101 (2012). [4] Drillet F et al, IJMWT 13, 517–522, 2021. [5] L. Cao et al, CSMANTECH conference Tech. Dig., 2020. [6] Roda Neve et al, IEEE TED, Vol. 59, NO. 4, pp. 924-932, 2012. [7] S. Yadav et al., in IEEE IEDM Tech. Dig., 2020, pp. 159-162. [8] Rack et al, ECS Trans., 92 (4), pp. 79-94, 2019. [9] Zhu et al, IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 377–379, 2018. [10] Raskin et al, IEEE SiRFIC, 2015. [11] P. Cardinael et al, IEEE ESSDERC 2021, pp. 303-306. Figure 1
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Vikulov, Anton, and Svetlana Skorobogatova. "Study of Guard Interval Duration on the Operation Impact of IEEE 802.11 Network." Telecom IT 11, no. 1 (October 23, 2023): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/2307-1303-2023-11-1-39-49.
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Purpose. One of the new additions in the IEEE 802.11n standard amendment was the introduction of the short inter-symbol guard interval, which makes it possible to operate at slightly higher data rates. However, using a short guard interval is not always recommended. The fact is that on some types of sites where radio coverage is provided, the peculiarities of signal propagation with a short guard interval may give worse frame retry rate. In modern networks, this aspect remains more relevant than ever, and the task of correct guard interval configuration remains relevant for both the designer and the administrator of a wireless network. In order to conduct a comparative analysis of the measurement results with a short and long guard inter-symbol interval, it is necessary to conduct a full-scale radio site-survey of industrial WLAN site. As part of the present experiment, a WLAN was investigated at a site in one of the industrial zones of St. Petersburg. The main goal of the work is to experimentally determine the benefits that can be obtained from choosing a modulation and coding scheme with a long inter-symbol guard interval using the example of a distributed wireless network of the IEEE 802.11n/ac/ax standard. A related goal is to experimentally test the potential for reducing the radiation power of access points radios in order to improve network performance. Methods. Conducting a radio survey of a wireless network at a typical industrial site with subsequent analysis of its results. Novelty. The novelty of the presented solution includes a full-scale examination of an actually operated industrial network with simultaneous monitoring of characteristics at various levels of the OSI model: physical (spectrum analysis), channel (protocol analysis), application (control of application operation). Results. Analysis of the collected data shows a practically significant difference between the values of the frame retry rate for different values of the duration of the inter-symbol guard interval and the radiation power of the radio modules of the access points. Practical relevance. In is quantitatively shown that there is a reduction in frame retry rate by 8-10% in an production wireless network, achievable through correct control of the inter-symbol interval length for an industrial site.
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Khatiwada, Roshan, Tri Ratna Bajracharya, and Shahbuddin Khan. "Improving the Energy Efficiency of a Power Distribution Network by Loss Reduction: A Case Study in Rural 11 Kv Feeder." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 9 (November 14, 2024): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v9i1.71461.
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There are inherent losses in transmission and distribution of electrical energy from the generating stations to the ultimate consumer. In this study three different distribution systems viz. IEEE 10 Bus, IEEE 33 Bus Radial Distribution System and a practical Nepalese rural Distribution System are undertaken, and load flow study is carried out to identify the technical loss and various reinforcement techniques are implemented for loss reduction. The technical loss evaluated for 10 Bus, 33 Bus and practical feeder are 5.96%, 5.37% and 12.18% respectively. Capacitor Placement technique was used to study the loss reduction on the standard distribution system which reduced the loss to 5.32% and 3.98% respectively on the 10 Bus and 33 Bus system. Various reinforcement techniques: Conductor Upgradation, Capacitor Placement, Solar PV Integration, Combination of Conductor upgradation & Capacitor Placement; and combination of Solar PV integration and Capacitor Placement were studied on the practical feeder. These methods reduced the 12.18% loss at base case to 11.76%, 8.44%, 8.10%, 7.43%, and 4.22%. This study finds Capacitor Placement to be the most suitable method for loss reduction among the methods studied and similarly combination of conductor upgradation and capacitor placement is also found to be effective solution for loss reduction and efficiency improvement. Other methods undertaken for study are not found to be as effective due to their high investment cost but low returns in terms of loss reductions.
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Firoz Kobir, Abdur Razzak Khan, and Vinukumar Luckose. "Harmonic distortion-based condition monitoring of distribution transformers in a solar farm." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 26, no. 2 (May 30, 2025): 3427–35. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.26.2.2009.
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This paper presents a condition monitoring approach for distribution transformers in solar farms, focusing on analysing harmonic distortion. The methodology leverages the IEEE standard to evaluate the severity of harmonic pollution in the transformer's operating environment. Specifically, the research investigates Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Total Demand Distortion (TDD), and Individual Harmonic Distortion (IHD) through real-time data measurements. These parameters are essentially the majority in distinguishing transformer degradation from increased losses, over-heating and insulation stress brought about by non-linear loads inrush currents. In this study, the operating characteristics of the six station transformers supplying converters as non-linear loads are examined and the influence of THD on voltage current power loss and transformer efficiency is rated. A case study is conducted on a 1400 kVA three-phase transformer feeding a rectifier connected to a symmetrical inductive load. The analysis compares the PCC and the measured harmonic levels based on the IEEE standard to identify thermal faults and evaluate the operating condition of the transformer. Transformers 3 and 6 are characterized as overheated due to elevated temperature in combination with high load percentages (86% and 84% respectively) and moderately high THDI values (10% to 12%). Transformers 1, 4 and 5 are labelled with a high THDI value because their current harmonic distortion values (between 11% and 14%) clearly exceed the recommended limits. By monitoring these harmonic indices, this approach provides a proactive method to detect and mitigate harmonic-related problems, extend transformer life and improve power system reliability. The results emphasize the importance of adhering to standard guidelines for maintaining optimal transformer performance and ensuring power quality in distribution networks.
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Bamaiyi, Daniel C., Isaac H. Daniel, Alhassan Shuaibu, Nicodemus Kure, and Philibus M. Gyuk. "Investigation on the Effect of Imbalance and NonLinear Load on 11kV Pama Feeder." Physics Access 02, no. 01 (2022): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47514/phyaccess.2022.2.1.005.
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In this research, the effect of imbalance and nonlinear load on power quality was investigated via the electronic method with the aid of a Fluke 435 power quality analyser and the results obtained compared with IEEE standards. The study was carried out on 11 kV Pama feeder Kaduna state, Nigeria, which is comprised of Nassarawa, Boro1, Pama 1, Pama 2, and Pama 4 substations. The analyzed result shows an average value of 230 and 1327 times voltage dips and swells, 11.74 % harmonics current, 2.33 % harmonic voltage, 5.96% imbalance voltage and 25% imbalance current respectively. When compared with the IEEE standard limits of 5 % and 2 % harmonic current and voltage, 10 % and 5 % imbalance current and voltage, it could be seen that these results imply the presence of harmonics within the system which are fundamentally due to imbalance and non-linear load, triggering operating complications on the distribution system. These complications include load disruptions, over current, over voltage, heating, leading to forceful outages, increased power losses, faster ageing of insulations, unstable power supply, burnt cables, sockets and connectors, thus reducing capacity and ultimately resulting in premature failure of transformer.
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Tari, Gunawan, Muhammad Rahmadi, Muhammad Iqra. B, Ady Rasidin, Muh Fajrin, Zaim Uchrowi, Fardi M. Siregar, and Muh Annur Jimran. "Desain Simulasi Antena Mikrostrip 2,3 Ghz untuk Aplikasi WiMAX 802.16e." Dewantara Journal of Technology 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.59563/djtech.v3i1.147.
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Antena Mikrostrip Patch dirancang dalam 2,3 GHz dengan kemampuan pangarah berkas sehingga sesuai dengan aplikasi WiMAX. Microstrip patches antenna untuk standard IEEE 802.16-2004 bagi kegunaan mikrogelombang dan WiMax. Penelitian ini membahas tentang antena mikrostrip monopole patch gabungan persegi untuk aplikasi WiMAX. Antena mikrostrip monopole patch gabungan persegi ini dirancang dengan menggunakan feed line sebagai metode pencatuannya. Dimensi antena diperoleh melalui perhitungan dan optimasi serta dilakukan simulasi dengan menggunakan software HFSS AnsoftTM versi 11. Hasil simulasi antena mikrostrip monopole patch gabungan persegi menunjukan frekuensi kerja 2500 MHz dengan frekuensi aman untuk WiMAX yaitu 2500-2690 MHz, juga memiliki polarisasi lingkaran, jenis pola radiasi omnidireksional, dan nilai gain sebesar 4.3 dBi pada frekuensi 2500 MHZ. Bermacam variasi dalam dimensi dan slot pada antena mikrostrip ini dapat mempengaruhi nilai frekuensi kerja dan gain antena itu sendiri.
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Estrada, Molina Odiel, Cancell Dieter Reynaldo Fuentes, and Hernandez Alién Garcia. "Evaluating usability in educational technology: A systematic review from the teaching of mathematics." LUMAT 10, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 65–88. https://doi.org/10.31129/LUMAT.10.1.1686.
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The objective of this article is to determine which are the international standards and norms of usability that are used in educational technology applied to the teaching of mathematics at secondary and higher education levels, focused on two scenarios: (1) digital educational resources and virtual learning environments (VLEs), and (2) game-based learning. The PRISMA protocol was used and the Scopus and IEEE Xplorer databases, the Springer publishing House and the ACM Digital Library were used for the search strategy. Forty-seven primary studies were selected, emphasizing the use of the ISO/IEC 9241-11 standard. However, the isolated use of criteria to usability assessment without achieving engineering integration is reflected. Primary studies in the teaching of mathematics mainly use the ISO 9241-11:2018 and ISO/IEC 9126-1:2004 standards. Game-based learning scenario uses ISO 9241-11:2018 standards and procedures that guarantee, at least, the integration between efficiency, effectiveness, and ease of use. Digital educational resources and VLEs scenario uses ISO/IEC 9126-1:2004 and ISO/IEC 9241-11:2018 standards, and procedures that guarantee at least the integration between efficiency and ease of use; effectiveness and ease of use; ease of use and accessibility; and effectiveness, ease of use, accessibility, and efficiency. © 2022 University of Helsinki. All rights reserved.
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Czyżewski, Dariusz. "Comparison of luminance distribution on the lighting surface of power LEDs." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i4.966.
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This work presents luminance distributions across the surface of mid- and high-power diodes. The changes in luminance on diode surfaces following changes in the observation angle were verified. On the basis of the conducted tests, non-uniform luminance distribution on LED surface for diverse observation angles (including the axial direction) was observed. Moreover, it was concluded that luminance changes is not in line with the Lambert’s law. As the result of the research it was also concluded that alterations of the power-supply conditions do not exert any significant impact on the gradient of luminance changes on the surfaces of examined LEDs. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. Fan, J. Cao, Ch. Yu, Ch. Qian, X. Fan, G. Zhang, A design and qualification of LED flip Chip-on-Board module with tunable color temperatures, Microelectronics reliability, ISSN 0026-2714, Nº. 84, 2018, pp. 140-148, CrossRef K. Bonislawski, I. Fryc, The study on optical properties of LEDs used for vehicle control lighting, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2012, ISSN 0033-2097, Vol. 88, Issue 3A, pp. 119-120 DirectLink T. Kawabata, Y. Ohno, Optical measurements of OLED panels for lighting applications, Journal of Modern Optics 60(14), 2013, pp. 1176-1186 CrossRef P. Pracki, U. Blaszczak, The issues of interior lighting on the example of an educational building adjustment to nZEB standard, IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), IEEE (17 November 2016) CrossRef P. Tabaka, Analysis of electrical parameters of prime set bulb equivalents suitable for dimming, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2015, R. 91, No. 5, pp. 100-106, ISSN 0033-2097 CrossRef D. Czyżewski, The street lighting luminaires with LEDs. Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 86, 2009, pp. 276-279 DirectLink C. C. Miller; Y. Zong; Y. Ohno, LED photometric calibrations at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and future measurement needs of LEDs, Proc. SPIE Vol. 5530, Fourth International Conference on Solid State Lighting; (2004) CrossRef D. Mozyrska Dorota; M. Wyrwas; I. Fryc, The determination of the LEDs colorimetric parameters, in the range of their operating temperature, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, Vol. 88, Issue: 4A, 2012, pp. 232-234 CrossRef K. Baran, A. Różowicz, H. Wachta, S. Różowicz, D. Mazur, Thermal Analysis of the Factors Influencing Junction Temperature of LED Panel Sources, Energies, 12, 3941, 2019 CrossRef D. Czyżewski, Research on Luminance Distributions of Chip-On-Board Light-Emitting Diodes, Crystals 9(12), 645, 2019. CrossRef L. Zheng, Z. Guo, W. Yan, Y. Lin, Y. Lu, H.C. Kuo, Z. Chen, L. Zhu, T. Wu, Y. Gao, Research on a Camera-Based Microscopic Imaging System to Inspect the Surface Luminance of the Micro-LED Array. IEEE Access 6, 2018, 51329-51336. CrossRef S. Słomiński, Selected Problems in Modern Methods of Luminance Measurement of Multisource LED Luminaires. Light Eng. 24, 2016, pp. 45-50. DirectLink I. Fryc, P. Jakubowski, K. Kołacz, Analysis of optical radiation parameters of compact discharge HID lamps and LED COB modules used for illuminating shop windows, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2017, R. 93, nr 11, pp. 186-189. CrossRef I. Fryc, Measurement techniques of optical LEDs properties performed with compliance conformity with CIE 127:2007 standard, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2009,ISSN 0033-2097,Vol. 85,Issue:11,pp.317-319. DirectLink I. Fryc, T. Dimitrova-Grekow, An Automated System for Evaluation of the Quality of Light Sources, 2016 IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), IEEE (17 November 2016), CrossRef CIE 235:2019, Optical measurement of led modules and light engines, ISBN 978-3-902842-25-1, DOI: 10.25039/TR.235.2019. CrossRef D. Czyżewski, Investigation of COB LED luminance distribution, In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), IEEE (17 November 2016) CrossRef I. Rotscholl, K. Trampert; U. Krüger; F. Schmidt, Spectral near field data of LED systems for optical simulations, Proceedings SPIE Volume 11144,Phot. and Educ. in Measur. Sc. 2019, CrossRef
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Fernandes Lourenco, M. H., R. Pinheiro Torres, S. Rodrigues-Manica, V. Fraga, C. Abreu, R. Costa, C. Matos, et al. "AB0567 SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1480.3–1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.802.
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BackgroundDue to its multisystemic involvement, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL). Sexual (dis)function is a key component of QoL but is often underappreciated. Little is known about sexual disfunction in SLE patients, a condition that primarily affects women during their fertile age.ObjectivesWe aimed at determining the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women with SLE and predictors thereof.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional multicenter study in which women (18-70 years-old) with a clinical diagnosis of SLE (according to their treating rheumatologist) were included. An anonymous online questionnaire was perfomed where data on demographics (e.g., age), symptoms of depression and anxiety [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)), health-related QoL (Short Form Health Survey Index 36 Item (SF36)]) and sexual function [Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) - a 19-item patient-report outcome that assesses female sexual function]) were collected. Data on clinical features [disease activity according to the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus National Assessment-SLE Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI), organ involvement and evaluation of comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index)] and on treatment status were collected from medical records. The main outcome was sexual dysfunction, defined as FSFI<26.5 (validated cut-off). A multivariable logistic regression was perfomed to test the association of clinical and demographic characteristics with sexual dysfunction (present vs absent).ResultsIn total, 194 female patients with SLE were included (mean age 44 years-old [standard deviation (SD) 11]). The mean SELENA-SLEDAI score was 1.7 (SD: 2.2), corresponding to low disease activity, and 94% of patients were on classical disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The mean value of HADS was 9 (0-21), for both depression and anxiety scores. Regarding SF36, the mental component had a mean value of 61 (0-100) and the physical one of 70 (0-100). Sexual disfunction was present in 128 (66%) patients.In the multivariable analysis (Table 1), older age (OR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.07), higher SELENA-SLEDAI (OR: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.40), higher HADS depression score (OR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.43), as well as a lower (that is, worse) SF36 mental component score (OR: 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95; 0.98) were independently associated with sexual dysfunction.ConclusionSexual disfunction is common in women with SLE and is influenced by both physical and mental health components. Clinicians should consider both for the optimal management of their patients in order to improve their sexual QoL.Table 1.Factors associated with sexual dysfunction in female patients with SLEUnivariable analysisOR (95% CI)(N=192-194)p-valueMultivariable analysisOR (95% CI)(N=193)Age1.04 (1.01; 1.07)0.011.04 (1.01; 1.07)Menopause (yes vs no)2.38 (1.11; 5.61)0.03†SELENA-SLEDAI1.09 (0.94; 1.28)0.241.18 (1.01; 1.40)CCI1.39 (1.00; 2.02)0.06†bDMARDs (yes vs no)0.85 (0.30; 2.59)0.76*cDMARDs (yes vs no)0.16 (0.01; 0.87)0.09†Glucocorticoids (yes vs no)1.15 (0.63; 2.09)0.66*HADS Depression1.20 (1.03; 1.42)0.021.20 (1.01; 1.43)HADS Anxiety1.19 (1.04; 1.38)0.02†SF36 Mental0.97 (0.95; 0.98)< 0.010.97 (0.95; 0.98)SF36 Physical0.99 (0.98;1.00)0.03†* Not selected in the univariable model (p>0.25)† Not selected in the multivariable model (p>0.05)CCI, Charlson Comorbidity IndexbDMARDs, biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugscDMARDs, classic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugsREFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Gimenez-Guzman, Jose Manuel, Ivan Marsa-Maestre, David Orden, Susel Fernandez, and Marino Tejedor-Romero. "On the Benefits of Channel Bonding in Dense, Decentralized Wi-Fi 4 Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 10, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8497585.
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Channel bonding is a technique first defined in the IEEE 802.11n standard to increase the throughput in wireless networks by means of using wider channels. In IEEE 802.11n (nowadays also known as Wi-Fi 4), it is possible to use 40 MHz channels instead of the classical 20 MHz channels. Although using channel bonding can increase the throughput, the classic 802.11 setting only allows for two orthogonal channels in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, which is not enough for proper channel assignment in dense settings. For that reason, it is commonly accepted that channel bonding is not suitable for this frequency band. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is not any accurate study that deals with this issue thoroughly. In this work, we study in depth the effect of channel bonding in Wi-Fi 4 dense, decentralized networks operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. We confirm the negative effect of using channel bonding in the 2.4 GHz frequency band with 11 channels which are 20 MHz wide (as in North America), but we also show that when there are 13 or more channels at hand (as in many other parts of the world, including Europe and Japan), the use of channel bonding yields consistent throughput improvements. For that reason, we claim that the common assumption of not considering channel bonding in the 2.4 GHz band should be revised.
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Kusznier, Jacek, and Wojciech Wojtkowski. "Spectral properties of smart LED lamps." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.978.
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Intelligent LED lamps are most often used in intelligent lighting installations. They frequently use one of two different ways to obtain white light. The first is the mixing of monochrome lights R, G and B. The second way is to mix the light of the blue diode with the yellow phosphor radiation. Adjusting the luminous flux in RGBW LED lamps causes greater changes in the position of the chromaticity point than in the case of CW WW LED lamps. In the case of big changes, this can lead to a visible change in the perceived color. Full Text: PDF References:https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/tools.html [DirectLink]https://dateandtime.info/pl [DirectLink]J. Kusznier and W. Wojtkowski, "Impact of climatic conditions on PV panels operation in a photovoltaic power plant," IEEE, 2019 15th Selected Issues of Electrical Engineering and Electronics (WZEE), Zakopane, Poland, 2019, pp. 1-6 [CrossRef]J. Kusznier and W. Wojtkowski, "Impact of climatic conditions and solar exposure on the aging of PV panels," IEEE, 2019 15th Selected Issues of Electrical Engineering and Electronics (WZEE), Zakopane, Poland, 2019, pp. 1-6 [CrossRef]https://www.weatheronline.pl/weather/ [CrossRef]L.T. Sharpe, A. Jagla, W. Jägle, "A luminous efficiency function, V*(λ), for daylight adaptation", J. Vision 5(11), 948 (2012) [CrossRef]http://www.ee.co.za/article/integrating-sphere-data-sincere.html [DirectLink]Simunovic M. P., "On Seeing Yellow The Case for, and Against, Short-Wavelength Light-Absorbing Intraocular Lenses", Archives of Ophthalmology, vol. 130, no. 7, pp. 919-926, 2012 [CrossRef]I. Fryc, "Important parameters of multichannel spectroradiometer", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 88(4a), pp. 230-231 (2012) [DirectLink]I. Fryc, "Measurement techniques of optical LEDs properties performed with compliance conformity with CIE 127:2007 standard", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 85(11), pp. 317-319 (2009) [CrossRef]J. Kowalska, I. Fryc, "Colour rendition quality of typical fluorescent lamps determined by CIE Colour Fidelity Index and Colour Rendering Index", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 95(7), pp. 94-97 (2019) [CrossRef]M. Gilewski, L. Gryko, A. Zajac, "Digital controlling system to the set of high power LEDs", Proc. of SPIE, 8902, 89021D, 2013 [CrossRef]M. Gilewski, "The ecological hazard of artificial lighting in greenhouses" Photonics Letters of Poland, vol. 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 87-89, 2019 [CrossRef]I. Fryc and T. Dimitrova-Grekow, "An automated system for evaluation of the quality of light sources," 2016 IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), Karpacz, 2016, pp. 1-4. [CrossRef]I. Fryc, "The spectral power distribution of LED driven by square shape pulses", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 88(6), pp. 131-133 (2012) [DirectLink]I. Fryc, "LED's spectral power distribution under different condition of operating temperature and driving current", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 86(10), pp. 187-189 (2010) [DirectLink]J. Kusznier, "Changes in the Spectral Power Distribution of Light Sources for Smart Lighting," IEEE, 2018 14th Selected Issues of Electrical Engineering and Electronics (WZEE), Szczecin, Poland, 2018, pp. 1-5 [CrossRef]
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Ürgün, Satılmış, Halil Yiğit, and Seyedali Mirjalili. "Investigation of Recent Metaheuristics Based Selective Harmonic Elimination Problem for Different Levels of Multilevel Inverters." Electronics 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2023): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12041058.
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Multilevel inverters (MLI) are popular in high-power applications. MLIs are generally configured to have switches reduced by switching techniques that eliminate low-order harmonics. The selective harmonic elimination (SHE) method, which significantly reduces the number of switching, determines the optimal switching moments to obtain the desired output voltage and eliminates the desired harmonic components. To solve the SHE problem, classical methods are primarily employed. The disadvantages of such methods are the high probability of trapping in locally optimal solutions and their dependence on initial controlling parameters. One solution to overcome this problem is the use of metaheuristic algorithms. In this study, firstly, 22 metaheuristic algorithms with different sources of inspiration were used to solve the SHE problem at different levels of MLIs, and their performances were extensively analyzed. To reveal the method that offers the best solution, these algorithms were first applied to an 11-level MLI circuit, and six methods were determined as a result of the performance analysis. As a result of the evaluation, the outstanding methods were SPBO, BMO, GA, GWO, MFO, and SPSA. As a result of the application of superior methods to 7-, 11-, 15-, and 19-level MLIs according to the IEEE 519—2014 standard, it has been shown that BMO outperforms in 7-level MLI, GA in 11-level MLI, and SPBO in 15- and 19-level MLIs in terms of THD, while in terms of output voltage quality, GA in 7-level MLI, BMO in 11-level MLI, GA and SPSA in 15-level MLI, and SPSA in 19-level MLI come forward.
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Elshami, Mohamedraed, Hanan Abu Kmeil, Maymona Abu-Jazar, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Dina Ashour, Ansam Aljamal, Nada Mohareb, et al. "Breast Cancer Awareness and Barriers to Early Presentation in the Gaza-Strip: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 4 (December 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.00095.
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Purpose Timely detection of breast cancer (BC) is important to reduce its related deaths. Hence, high awareness of its symptoms and risk factors is required. This study aimed to assess the awareness level of BC among females in Gaza. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed during September and October 2017 in Gaza, Palestine. Stratified sampling was used to recruit patients from four hospitals and seven high schools. The validated Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (BCAM) was used to assess confidence and behavior in relation to breast changes, awareness of BC symptoms and risk factors, barriers to seek medical help, and knowledge of BC screening. Women (age ≥ 18 years) visiting or admitted to any of the four hospitals, and female adolescents (age 15 to 17 years) in any of the seven schools, were recruited for face-to-face interviews to complete the BCAM. Results Of 3,055 women approached, 2,774 participants completed the BCAM questionnaire (response rate, 90.8%); 1,588 (57.2%) were adults, and 1,186 (42.8%) were adolescents. Of these, 1,781 (64.2%) rarely (or never) checked their breasts, and 909 (32.8%) were not confident to notice changes. In total, 1,675 (60.4%) were aware of the availability of BC screening programs. The overall mean ± standard deviation score for awareness of BC symptoms was 5.9 ± 2.9 of 11, and that of risk factors 7.5 ± 3.1 of 16. Feeling scared was the most reported barrier to seeking advice reported among women (n = 802; 50.2%), whereas feeling embarrassed was the most reported in adolescents (n = 745; 62.8%). Conclusion Awareness of BC symptoms, risk factors, and screening programs is suboptimal in Gaza. Educational interventions are necessary to increase public awareness of BC and to train local female breast surgeons to address barriers to early detection.
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Sebastian, Sujeesh, Felix Tandberg, Yang Liu, Deepak B. Raina, Magnus Tägil, Mattias Collin, and Lars Lidgren. "Extended local release and improved bacterial eradication by adding rifampicin to a biphasic ceramic carrier containing gentamicin or vancomycin." Bone & Joint Research 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 787–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.1111.bjr-2022-0101.r1.
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Aims There is a lack of biomaterial-based carriers for the local delivery of rifampicin (RIF), one of the cornerstone second defence antibiotics for bone infections. RIF is also known for causing rapid development of antibiotic resistance when given as monotherapy. This in vitro study evaluated a clinically used biphasic calcium sulphate/hydroxyapatite (CaS/HA) biomaterial as a carrier for dual delivery of RIF with vancomycin (VAN) or gentamicin (GEN). Methods The CaS/HA composites containing RIF/GEN/VAN, either alone or in combination, were first prepared and their injectability, setting time, and antibiotic elution profiles were assessed. Using a continuous disk diffusion assay, the antibacterial behaviour of the material was tested on both planktonic and biofilm-embedded forms of standard and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus for 28 days. Development of bacterial resistance to RIF was determined by exposing the biofilm-embedded bacteria continuously to released fractions of antibiotics from CaS/HA-antibiotic composites. Results Following the addition of RIF to CaS/HA-VAN/GEN, adequate injectability and setting of the CaS/HA composites were noted. Sustained release of RIF above the minimum inhibitory concentrations of S. aureus was observed until study endpoint (day 35). Only combinations of CaS/HA-VAN/GEN + RIF exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm effects yielding no viable bacteria at study endpoint. The S. aureus strains developed resistance to RIF when biofilms were subjected to CaS/HA-RIF alone but not with CaS/HA-VAN/GEN + RIF. Conclusion Our in vitro results indicate that biphasic CaS/HA loaded with VAN or GEN could be used as a carrier for RIF for local delivery in clinically demanding bone infections. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(11):787–802.
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Ogum, Stanley Ogochukwu, Emmanuel U. Ubeku, and Gabriel I. Efenedo. "Application of Power System Reliability and Outage Cost Indices on 33/11 kV Distribution Injection Substation: A Case Study of Asaba Business District." Journal Of Engineering Research Innovation And Scientific Development 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.61448/jerisd13231.
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The energy satisfaction that consumers can obtain from a power service provider solely depends on how reliable the feeder to which such customers are connected guarantees adequate and secure energy delivery. This research work is, therefore, to assess the reliability indices and the cost of expected electricity not supplied to the Asaba metropolis through the Benin Electricity Distribution Company (BEDC) Asaba 33/11 kV distribution injection substation. The method used consists of computing the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI), Average Service Availability Index (ASAI), and Expected Energy Not Supplied Index (EENS) of the four feeders emanating from the substation and radiating into the metropolis. This is achieved by first collecting the outage hour, frequency of outage, and expected energy at the point of outage from the station's hourly logbook. The input data is fed into a program written in a MATLAB/OCTAVE environment. The values of the most important reliability index, ASAI, or availability, computed on the SPC, Anwai, Express, and Asaba Commercial feeders are 0.24, 0.23, 0.23, and 0.76 p.u., respectively, in 2020, while in 2021, these values are 0.32, 0.31, 0.33, and 0.83 p.u., respectively. Using the ASAI standard value from IEEE Standard 1366-2003, which is 0.999 as a benchmark, shows that all the feeders can be categorized as less reliable in the years under study. The annual cost of expected energy not supplied during power interruptions to Asaba electricity consumers in 2020 is $2,426,187.046 and $2,214,669.91 in 2021, respectively.
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AKBAR, ANDIKA MUHAMMAD, and CANDRA FEBRI NUGRAHA. "Analisis Harmonik dan Perbaikan Nilai THD Arus dengan Perancangan Filter Pasif Single-Tuned." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 12, no. 4 (December 6, 2024): 892. https://doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v12i4.892.
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ABSTRAKSistem elektrifikasi kereta rel listrik (KRL) Jogja-Solo mempunyai tegangan nominal 1.500 Volt DC yang disuplai dari PLN 20 kV AC melalui gardu traksi untuk mengonversinya dengan komponen silicon rectifier yang bersifat sebagai beban non-linier. Beban tersebut menyebabkan harmonik, karena memiliki karakteristik menyuntikkan arus balik menuju sumber sehingga dapat menimbulkan distorsi pada gelombang arus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis harmonik dan memperbaiki nilai THD arus dengan merancang filter pasif untuk mereduksi gangguan tersebut pada panel outgoing RTR cubicle switchgear 20 kV di Gardu Traksi Purwosari. Pengukuran dengan power analyzer DW-6095 menunjukkan indeks harmonik yang melampaui standar IEEE Std 519TM-2014, sebesar 27,4%. Filter harmonik dirancang melalui pemodelan dan simulasi menggunakan software ETAP. Hasil yang paling optimal yaitu pemasangan tiga filter harmonik (orde 11, 13, dan 23) di dekat rectifier. Saat sistem disimulasikan dengan beban, nilai THD-I menurun secara signifikan hingga 0,97%.Kata kunci: beban non-linear, ETAP, filter pasif, gardu traksi, harmonik ABSTRACTThe electrification system of the Jogja-Solo electric rail train (KRL) has a nominal voltage of 1,500 Volt DC supplied from PLN 20 kV AC through a traction substation to convert it with silicon rectifier component which is a non-linear load. The load causes harmonics, because they have the characteristic of injecting reverse current towards the source so that they can cause distortion in current waves. This study aims to analyze harmonics and improve the THD value of current by designing a passive filter to reduce the distortion on the outgoing RTR cubicle switchgear panel of 20 kV at the Purwosari Traction Substation. Measurements with the DW-6095 power analyzer showed a harmonic index that exceeded the IEEE Std 519TM-2014 standard, by 27.4%. The harmonic filters were designed through modeling and simulation using ETAP software. The most optimal result is installation of three harmonic filters (order 11, 13, and 23) near the rectifier. When the system is simulated with a load, THD-I value decreases significantly to 0.97%.Keywords: non-linear loads, ETAP, passive filter, traction substation, harmonic
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Lin, Ming-Jong. "The Method of the Probability Analysis of Area with Dissolved Gases in Power Transformer Insulating Oil." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, no. 5 (April 12, 2024): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51142.
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Transformer insulating oil plays an extremely important role in power transformers and is used for insulation, arc suppression, cooling and other purposes. However, its other focus is on dissolved gases analysis in the oil to monitor internal operating conditions, which is the responsibility of preventive maintenance. This paper uses the normal distribution theory and the American National Standard Specification (hereinafter referred to as ANSI/IEEE C57.104) to reorganize as a diagnostic tool. The range of each gas from three stages of the specification - normal, caution, and abnormal are incorporated to a stage of abnormal, which divide into equal different values of 1000 as the maternal body of a qualitative normal distribution. Then the benchmark is been calculated from those parameters of a qualitative normal distribution. The data of detection has to pass through "Gas chromatography” to generate dissolved gases. At last, the benchmark value compares with dissolved gases to find the abnormal probability value as a diagnostic tool in maintenance evaluation of equipment. This method was developed using EXCEL application software, and repeatedly tested and verified with examples to confirm its feasibility and high accuracy. In addition, 10 cases accident data were extracted from the literature [11], and compared with the actual maintenance results. The accuracy was 80% for ANSI/IEEE C57.104 and 90% for this probability method. Therefore, this diagnostic method can replace the traditional multi-stage judgment and be represented by a single probability value to show. Based on technology sharing, the development process is specially written into a technical article as reference by scholars and electrical maintenance personnel in the field of power engineering.
 Design Methods: Making a qualitative normal distribution employs EXCEL software and the discriminative rule of ANSI/IEEE C57.104. Design Purpose: As a diagnostic tool with dissolved gases in insulating oil. Design Effectiveness: Probability Method is better than traditional; it has those efficacies - the accuracy and feasibly and compete with tried and tested actual case.
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Dietze, Stefan, Eleni Kaldoudi, Nikolas Dovrolis, Daniela Giordano, Concetto Spampinato, Maurice Hendrix, Aristidis Protopsaltis, Davide Taibi, and Hong Yu. "Socio-semantic Integration of Educational Resources - the Case of the mEducator Project." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 19, no. (11) (June 1, 2013): 1543–69. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-019-11-1543.
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Research in technology-enhanced learning (TEL) throughout the last decade has largely focused on sharing and reusing educational resources and data. This effort has led to a fragmented landscape of competing metadata schemas, such as IEEE LOM or ADL SCORM, and interface mechanisms, such as OAI-PMH, SQI and REST-ful services in general. More recently, semantic technologies were taken into account to improve interoperability. However, so far Web-scale integration of resources is not facilitated, mainly due to the lack of take-up of shared principles, datasets and schemas. On the other hand, the Linked Data approach has emerged as the de facto standard for sharing data on the Web and is fundamentally based on established W3C standards. This paper presents results of the European Commission-funded project mEducator, which exploits Linked Data principles for (1) semantic integration and (2) social interconnecting of educational data, resources and actors. We describe a general approach to exploit the wealth of already existing educational data on the Web by allowing its exposure as Linked Data and by taking into account automated enrichment and interlinking techniques to provide a rich and well-interlinked graph for the educational domain. Additionally, the paper presents an evaluation of our work with respect to a set of socio-semantic dimensions. Experimental results demonstrate improved interoperability and retrievability of the resulting resource descriptions as part of an interlinked resource graph.
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L.V., DAVYDENKO, and DAVYDENKO V.A. "Analysis of electromagnetic transient processes in an industrial low-voltage distribution network with induction load." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 28, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2023-1-5-11.
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The article is devoted to the issue of short-circuit analysis in the low-voltage network of the power supply system of an industrial enterprise. The analysis methodology is based on the recommendations of the IEC 60909 standard and the ANSI/IEEE C37 series standard, which regulate the calculation of short-circuit current for the selection and verification of switchgear and protective devices according to the level of short-circuit current. The Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software was used as an analysis tool. Short-circuit analysis is performed in two stages: the first stages involves modelling the low-voltage distribution network of the industrial facility; the second stages involves the simulation of faults in the network. The modelling the low-voltage distribution network takes into account the features of the network configuration with inductions motors used in the technological process. The Short Circuit module of the ETAP software was used to calculate the short-circuit current on the bus of the distribution network. The performed analysis takes into account the induction motors contribution to the level of short-circuit current. The result of the analysis is the determination of symmetrical and asymmetrical short-circuit current values and the detection of inconsistency of the characteristics of the installed equipment with short-circuit currents. Analysis of short-circuit current using ETAP software provides the possibility of selecting switchgear and protective devices according to the level of short-circuit current and verify the correctness of the decisions made regarding the selection of low-voltage switchgear of the distribution network, which contributes to the design of a reliable power supply system for the facility.
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Ajewole, Titus, Adelowo Balogun, Muyideen Lawal, Omonowo Momoh, and Abdulsemiu Olawuyi. "A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generation on Nigerian Radial Feeders." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 41, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v41i4.859.
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Mitigating power loss and voltage profile problems on radial distribution networks has been a major challenge to distribution system operators. While deployment of distributed generation, as compensators, has made a suitable solution option, optimum placement and sizing of the compensators has been a concern and it has thus been receiving great attention. Meta-heuristic algorithms have been found efficacious in this respect, yet the use of the algorithms in addressing problems of radial feeders is still comparatively low in Nigeria where analytical and numerical programming methods are common. Hence; the use of genetic algorithm to site and size distributed generator for real-time power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement on the Nigerian secondary distribution networks is presented. Backward-forward sweep load flow analysis, together with loss sensitivity factor, is deployed to identify the buses suitable for the installation of the distributed generation, while the algorithm is employed in estimating the optimum size. This approach is tested on the standard IEEE 15-bus system and validated using a Nigerian 11 kV feeder. The result obtained on the IEEE test system shows 183 kW loss using the compensator, as compared to 436 kW loss without the compensator; while on the Nigerian network the loss with the compensator was 4.99 kW, in comparison with no-compensation loss of 10.47kW. By the approach of this study, real power loss on the Nigerian feeder decreased by 52.3% together with energy cost reduction from N658,789.12 to N314,227.38. Likewise the minimum bus voltage magnitude and the voltage stability index of the network are improved to acceptable limits. This approach is therefore recommended as capable of strengthening the performance of the Nigerian radial distribution system.
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Khan, Md Salman, and MM Alam. "Study on Sensitivity of Microphysics for the Simulation of Rainfall for the Month of May 2015 over Bangladesh using High Resolution WRF-ARW Model." Journal of Engineering Science 11, no. 1 (October 5, 2020): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jes.v11i1.49546.
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In this research the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) model v3.8.1 has been used to simulate the rainfall of May 2015 all over Bangladesh. The model was configured in nested domain with 18 and 6 km horizontal grid spacing with 100 × 96 and 103 × 127 grids in the east-west and north-south directions, respectively with 30 vertical levels. The Lin et al., WSM6, Thomson, Morrison Double-Moment (M-2Mom), Stony Brook University (SBU), and WDM6 microphysics schemes coupling with Kain-Fritsch (KF) cumulus parameterization (CP) scheme have been used to simulate the monthly total rainfall, heavy rainfall, monthly rainy days and heavy rainy days for the month of May 2015 at all meteorological stations of Bangladesh. The simulated results are compared with the observed results of 33 meteorological stations of Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) output. Relative standard deviation of all observed, PERSIANN and model simulated parameters have been analyzed and compared. The maximum monthly observed rain in May 2015 at Sylhet was 752 mm but WSM6, M-2Mom and WDM6 schemes have simulated 831, 788 and 742 mm for day 1 prediction; WSM6, WDM6 and SBU-Lin schemes have simulated 757, 916 and 981 mm for day 2 prediction and WSM6 and WDM6 schemes have simulated 741 and 925 mm for day 3 prediction, respectively and all other MPs have simulated much higher rainfall at domain (D1). The WDM6, M-2Mom and Lin et al. schemes have simulated 744, 807 and 923 mm for day 1 prediction, WSM6 and WDM6 schemes have simulated 714 and 877 mm for day 2 predictions and WSM6, SBU-Lin and Lin et al. schemes have simulated 802 and 913 and 998 mm, respectively for day 3 predictions at domain (D2). The relative standard deviation (RSD) has minimum at D1 and D2 for WDM6 scheme for day 1 prediction and WSM6 scheme for day 2 and day 3 predictions for the monthly total rainfall and heavy rainfall of May 2015. The results suggest that as the forecast time increased the amount of total rain and also heavy rain is increased. As a result RSD is also increased for all MPs. WDM6 scheme gives the better performance of rainfall and rainy days all over the country.
 Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 43-60
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Shenoy, K. Latha, C. Gurudas Nayak, and Rajashekar P. Mandi. "Effect of partial shading in grid connected solar PV system with FL controller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp431-440.
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As conventional fossil fuel reserves shrink and the danger of climate change prevailing, the need for alternative energy sources is unparalleled. A smart approach to compensate the dependence on electricity generated by burning fossil fuels is through the power generation using grid connected PV system. Partial shading on PV array affects the quantity of the output power in photovoltaic (PV) systems. To extract maximum power from PV under variable irradiance, variable temperature and partial shading condition, various MPPT algorithms are used. Incremental conductance and fuzzy based MPPT techniques are used for maximum power extraction from PV array. Basically 11 kW Solar PV system comprising of PV array coupled with an Inverter through a dc-dc converter is considered for the analysis and output of the inverter is supplied to the load through the LCL filter. An Intelligent controller for maximum power point tracking of PV power is designed. Also, a fuzzy controller for VSC is developed to improve the system performance. The above proposed design has been simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink and analyzed the system performance under various operating conditions. Finally, the performance is evaluated with IEEE 1547 standard for showing the effectiveness of the system.
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K., Latha Shenoy, Gurudas Nayak C., and P. Mandi Rajashekar. "Effect of partial shading in grid connected solar PV system with FL Controller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 431–40. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp431-440.
Full textAbstract:
As conventional fossil fuel reserves shrink and the danger of climate change prevailing, the need for alternative energy sources is unparalleled. A smart approach to compensate the dependence on electricity generated by burning fossil fuels is through the power generation using grid connected PV system. Partial Shading on PV array affects the quantity of the output power in photovoltaic (PV) systems. To extract maximum power from PV under variable irradiance, variable temperature and partial shading condition, various MPPT algorithms are used. Incremental conductance and fuzzy based MPPT techniques are used for maximum power extraction from PV array. Basically 11 kW Solar PV system comprising of PV array coupled with an Inverter through a dc-dc converter is considered for the analysis and output of the inverter is supplied to the load through the LCL filter. An Intelligent controller for maximum power point tracking of PV power is designed. Also, a fuzzy controller for VSC is developed to improve the system performance. The above proposed design has been simulated in the Matlab Simulink and analyzed the system performance under various operating conditions. Finally, the performance is evaluated with IEEE 1547 standard for showing the effectiveness of the system.
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Avudayappan, Naraina, and S. N. Deepa. "Congestion management in deregulated power system using hybrid cat-firefly algorithm with TCSC and SVC FACTS devices." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 35, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 1524–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2015-0423.
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Purpose The loading and power variations in the power system, especially for the peak hours have abundant concussion on the loading patterns of the open access transmission system. During such unconditional state of loading the transmission line parameters and the line voltages show a substandard profile, which depicts exaction of congestion management of the power line in such events. The purpose of this paper is to present an uncomplicated and economical model for congestion management using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. Design/methodology/approach The approach desires a two-step procedure, first by optimal placement of thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and static VAR compensator (SVC) as FACTS devices in the network; second tuning the control parameters to their optimized values. The optimal location and tuning of TCSC and SVC represents a hectic optimization problem, due to its multi-objective and constrained nature. Hence, a reassuring heuristic optimization algorithm inspired by behavior of cat and firefly is employed to find the optimal placement and tuning of TCSC and SVC. Findings The effectiveness of the proposed model is tested through simulation on standard IEEE 14-bus system. The proposed approach proves to be better than the earlier existing approaches in the literature. Research limitations/implications With the completed simulation and results, it is proved that the proposed scheme has reduced the congestion in line, thereby increasing the voltage stability along with improved loading capability for the congested lines. Practical implications The usefulness of the proposed scheme is justified with the computed results, giving convenience for implementation to any practical transmission network. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to study exaction of congestion management of the power line.
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Zhang, Jiawei, Josh Wilson, and Aimin Song. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Oxide TFTs Based on Semiconductors and Semimetals." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 35 (October 9, 2022): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02351263mtgabs.
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Oxide semiconductors have opened a new era for large-area, flexible and transparent applications. Despite the progresses, a bottleneck issue of oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) is the instability either under bias stress or when used as a current source. Furthermore, the carrier mobility and current driving capability need to be improved for high-spec displays. It is still hugely challenging to overcome both issues using the conventional device structure and oxide semiconductor materials. Here, we review our recent work on novel oxide TFTs that show a few desirable properties. Rather than using an ohmic metal contact as the source electrode, a high work-function Schottky source contact enables depletion around the TFT source region, which results in intrinsic immunity to the negative bias illumination stress, no obvious short channel effect, and superb current saturation over a wide range of drain voltage1. The flat saturation current gives rise to an extremely high voltage gain reaching 23,000, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest gain ever achieved by a solid-state transistor to date. The threshold voltage is also found to remain stable under different drain voltages, in contrast to standard TFTs, which may be useful in larger-area displays where the drain voltages of the drive TFTs can differ2. Furthermore, the depletion provided by the Schottky source electrode allows utilizing semi-metal ITO to replace IGZO as the TFT channel layer, which significantly enhances the carrier mobility and current driving capability. Other related work may also be discussed in the talk including oxide Schottky diodes operating beyond 10 GHz3, oxide TFTs operating beyond 1 GHz4, significantly enhanced carrier mobility by self-assembled monolayer treatment5,6, and CMOS-like oxide-based logic circuits7,8. References Extremely high-gain source-gated transistors, J Zhang, J Wilson, G Auton, Y Wang, M Xu, Q Xin, A Song, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (11), 4843-4848 (2019) Comparative Study of Short-Channel Effects Between Source-Gated Transistors and Standard Thin-Film Transistors, Zhenze Wang, Li Luo, Yiming Wang, Jiawei Zhang, and Aimin Song, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 69(2), 561 - 566 (2022). Flexible indium–gallium–zinc–oxide Schottky diode operating beyond 2.45 GHz, J Zhang, Y Li, B Zhang, H Wang, Q Xin, A Song, Nature communications 6 (1), 1-7 (2015). Amorphous-InGaZnO thin-film transistors operating beyond 1 GHz achieved by optimizing the channel and gate dimensions, Y Wang, J Yang, H Wang, J Zhang, H Li, G Zhu, Y Shi, Y Li, Q Wang, Qian Xin, Zhongchao Fan, Fuhua Yang, Aimin Song, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 65 (4), 1377-1382 (2018). Significant Performance Improvement of Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors by a Self‐Assembled Monolayer Treatment, W Cai, J Zhang, J Wilson, J Brownless, S Park, L Majewski, A Song, Advanced Electronic Materials 6 (5), 1901421 (2020). Significant performance enhancement of very thin InGaZnO thin-film transistors by a self-assembled monolayer treatment, W Cai, J Wilson, J Zhang, J Brownless, X Zhang, LA Majewski, A Song, ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2 (1), 301-308 (2020). Complementary integrated circuits based on p-type SnO and n-type IGZO thin-film transistors, Y Li, J Yang, Y Wang, P Ma, Y Yuan, J Zhang, Z Lin, L Zhou, Q Xin, Aimin Song, IEEE Electron Device Letters 39 (2), 208-211 (2017). Thin Film Sequential Circuits: Flip-Flops and a Counter Based on p-SnO and n-InGaZnO, Y Yuan, J Yang, Y Wang, Z Hu, L Zhou, Q Xin, A Song, IEEE Electron Device Letters 42 (1), 62-65 (2020).
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Mirshekali, Hamid, Rahman Dashti, Ahmad Keshavarz, and Hamid Reza Shaker. "Machine Learning-Based Fault Location for Smart Distribution Networks Equipped with Micro-PMU." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030945.
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Faults in distribution networks occur unpredictably, causing a threat to public safety and resulting in power outages. Automated, efficient, and precise detection of faulty sections could be a major element in immediately restoring networks and avoiding further financial losses. Distributed generations (DGs) are used in smart distribution networks and have varied current levels and internal impedances. However, fault characteristics are completely unknown because of their stochastic nature. Therefore, in these circumstances, locating the fault might be difficult. However, as technology advances, micro-phasor measurement units (micro-PMU) are becoming more extensively employed in smart distribution networks, and might be a useful tool for reducing protection uncertainties. In this paper, a new machine learning-based fault location method is proposed for use regardless of fault characteristics and DG performance using recorded data of micro-PMUs during a fault. This method only uses the recorded voltage at the sub-station and DGs. The frequency component of the voltage signals is selected as a feature vector. The neighborhood component feature selection (NCFS) algorithm is utilized to extract more informative features and lower the feature vector dimension. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier is then applied to the decreased dimension training data. The simulations of various fault types are performed on the 11-node IEEE standard feeder equipped with three DGs. Results reveal that the accuracy of the proposed fault section identification algorithm is notable.
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Fajri, Ahmad. "Studi Empiris terhadap Kinerja & Keamanan Wifi (Studi Kasus di Kota Depok)." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 6, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2019661832.
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<p>Pada tahun 2012, Kota Depok memperoleh penghargaan sebagai kota <em>Information and Communication Technology </em>(ICT) dari Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. Salah satu parameter berkembangnya ICT di Kota Depok adalah meningkatnya jumlah pengguna internet dari berbagai sektor terutama perkantoran, hotel dan kampus dengan memanfaatkan jaringan <em>wifi </em>sebagai media transmisinya. Pada penelitian ini, kami melakukan audit terhadap keamanan jaringan <em>wifi</em> di Kota Depok dengan cara melakukan studi lapangan kinerja dan keamanan jaringan <em>wifi</em> menggunakan teknik <em>wardriving</em>. Studi ini mencakup sekitar 536 jaringan <em>wifi</em> di Jalan Margonda Depok. Hasil studi tersebut, kami menemukan bahwa 89% jaringan <em>wifi</em> menerapkan keamanan dengan<em> </em>menggunakan protokol WPA/WPA2, 1% menggunakan protokol WEP dan 10% bersifat terbuka. Kami juga menemukan sebanyak 20% jaringan <em>wifi</em> berada pada <em>channel</em> 1 dan 19% jaringan <em>wifi</em> berada pada <em>channel</em> 6 dan 11. <em>Channel </em>1, 6 dan 11 merupakan <em>channel</em> yang terbaik bagi penggunaan jaringan <em>wifi</em> karena terbebas dari interferensi jaringan <em>wifi </em>lainnya. Oleh karena itu penilaian kinerja dan keamanan jaringan <em>wifi </em>di Kota Depok dinilai sudah baik sesuai dengan standar IEEE 802.11i yaitu tentang peningkatan pengamanan pada jaringan <em>Wifi </em>menggunakan WPA2<em> </em>dan 802.11b tentang pengaturan <em>channel wifi </em>yang tidak menimbulkan interferensi.</p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>In 2012, Depok City was awarded as the city of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) from the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology.<em>One of the parameters of the development of ICT in Depok City is the increasing number of internet users from various sectors, especially offices, hotels and campuses by utilizing wifi networks as the transmission media. In this study, we conducted an audit of the security of wifi networks in Depok City by conducting field studies on the performance and security of wifi networks using wardriving techniques.</em><em>This study covers about 536 wifi networks on Margonda Street Depok. The results of the study, we found that 89% of wifi networks implement security using the WPA / WPA2 protocol, 1% using the WEP protocol and 10% are open. We also found that as much as 20% of the wifi networks are on channel 1 and 19% of wifi networks are on channels 6 and 11. Channel 1, 6 and 11 are the best channels for using wifi networks because they are free from interference from other wifi networks. Therefore, performance assessment and wifi network security in Depok City are considered to be good in accordance with the IEEE </em><em>802.11i standard which is about increasing security on Wifi networks using WPA2 and 802.11b regarding wifi channel settings that do not cause interference.</em></em></p>