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ElAzhari, Maryam, Ahmed Toumanari, and Rachid Latif. "Enhanced CSMA/CA Contention Window for Efficient Random Access in IEEE 802. 15. 6." International Journal of Computer Applications 102, no. 8 (September 18, 2014): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/17835-8714.
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Pinzón Ardila, Omar. "Modelado de un Recuperador Dinámico de Tensión para el Mejoramiento de la Calidad de la Onda de Tensión." BISTUA REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BASICAS 14, no. 1 (May 4, 2016): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v1.n1.2016.1938.
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[1] R. C. Dugan, H. W. Beaty, y S. Santoso, Electrical Power Systems Quality, Third edition. Tata McGraw Hill Education, 2012.[2] J. Arrilaga y N. R. Watson, Power System Harmonics. Jhon Wiley and Sons, 2003.[3] H. Kim, F. Blaabjerg, B. Bak-Jensen, y J. Choi, «Instantaneous power compensation in three-phase systems by using p-q-r theory», en Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2001. PESC. 2001 IEEE 32nd Annual, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 478–485 vol.2.[4] J. G. Nielsen y F. Blaabjerg, «Comparison of system topologies for dynamic voltage restorers», en Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting, 2001, vol. 4, pp. 2397–2403 vol.4.[5] M. Vilathgamuwa, A. A. . Ranjith Perera, S. S. Choi, y K. J. Tseng, «Control of energy optimized dynamic voltage restorer»,88presentado en The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 1999. IECON ’99 Proceedings, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 873-878 vol.2.[6] N. H. Woodley, L. Morgan, y A. Sundaram, «Experience with an inverter-based dynamic voltage restorer», IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 14, n.o 3, pp. 1181-1186, jul. 1999.[7] M. D. Stump, G. J. Keane, y F. K. S. Leong, «The role of custom power products in enhancing power quality at industrial facilities», en 1998 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1998. Proceedings of EMPD ’98, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 507–517 vol.2.[8] UNE, Características de la Tensión Suministrada Por Las Redes Generales de Distribución, UNE-EN 50160. UNE, 1996.[9] M. P. Kazmierkowski y L. Malesani, «Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters: a survey», Ind. Electron. IEEE Trans. On, vol. 45, n.o 5, pp. 691–703, 1998.[10] G. A. de Almeida Carlos, E. C. dos Santos, C. B. Jacobina, y J. P. R. A. Mello, «Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based on Three-Phase Inverters Cascaded Through an Open-End Winding Transformer», IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 31, n.o 1, pp. 188-199, ene. 2016.[11] S. Andrews y S. Joshi, «Performance Improvement of Dynamic Voltage Restorer using Proportional - Resonant Controller», en Renewable Energy and Energy Management; Proceedings of PCIM Europe 2015; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, 2015, pp. 1-8.[12] A. M. Rauf y V. Khadkikar, «An Enhanced Voltage Sag Compensation Scheme for Dynamic Voltage Restorer», IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 62, n.o 5, pp. 2683-2692, may 2015.[13] Craig Muller, User’s Guide on the Use of PSCAD. Manitoba, Canada: Manitoba HVDC Research Centre, 2010.[14] Rohitha Jayasinghe, User’s Guide. A Comprehensive Resourse for EMTDC. Manitoba, Canada: Manitoba HVDC Research Centre, 2010.[15] L. A. Moran, J. W. Dixon, y R. R. Wallace, «A Three-Phase Active Power Filter Operating with Fixed Switching Frequency for Reactive Power and Current Harmonic Compensation», Ind. Electron. IEEE Trans. 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Ledwich, «Compensation of distribution system voltage using DVR», IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 17, n.o 4, pp. 1030- 1036, oct. 2002.89[23] C. J. Melhorn, T. D. Davis, y G. E. Beam, «Voltage sags: their impact on the utility and industrial customers», IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 34, n.o 3, p. 549, 1998.[24] W. E. Brumsickle, G. A. Luckjiff, R. S. Schneider, D. M. Divan, y M. F. McGranaghan, «Dynamic sag correctors: cost effective industrial power line conditioning», en Proceedings of 34th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry Applications, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1999, vol. vol.2, p. 1339.[25] B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, y A. 9 Chandra, «A Review of Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement», Ind. Electron. IEEE Trans. On, vol. 46, n.o 5, pp. 960-971, oct. 1999.[26] C. Zhan, C. Fitzer, V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, A. Arulampalam, M. Barnes, y N. Jenkins, «Software phase-locked loop applied to dynamic voltage restorer (DVR)», en IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001, 2001, vol. 3, pp. 1033-1038 vol.3.[27] V. Kaura y V. Blasko, «Operation of a phase locked loop system under distorted utility conditions», en Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1996. APEC ’96. Conference Proceedings 1996., Eleventh Annual, 1996, vol. 2, pp. 703–708 vol.2.[28] A. C. Parsons, W. M. Grady, y E. J. Powers, «A wavelet-based procedure for automatically determining the beginning and end of transmission system voltage sags», en IEEE Power Engineering Society 1999 Winter Meeting, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 1310–1315 vol.2.[29] D. Gregory, C. Fitzer, y M. Barnes, «The static transfer switch operational considerations», en Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2002. International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 487), 2002, pp. 620–625.[30] C. Zhan, V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, A. Arulampalam, C. Fitzer, S. Kromlidis, M. Bames, y N. Jenkins, «Dynamic voltage restorer based on voltage-space-vector PWM control», IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 37, n.o 6, pp. 1855-1863, nov. 2001.[31] C. Fitzer, A. Arulampalam, M. Barnes, y R. Zurowski, «Mitigation of saturation in dynamic voltage restorer connection transformers», IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 17, n.o 6, pp. 1058- 1066, nov. 2002.[32] S. Gao, X. Lin, Y. Kang, Y. Duan, y J. Qiu, «Mitigation of inrush current in dynamic voltage restorer injection transformers», en 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012, pp. 4093-4098.[33] Y. W. Li, «Control and Resonance Damping of Voltage-Source and Current-Source Converters With Filters», IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, n.o 5, pp. 1511-1521, may 2009.[34] H. Akagi, «Control strategy and site selection of shunt active filter for damping of harmonic propagation in power distribution systems», Present. 1996 IEEEPES Winter Meet., 1996.[35] M. El-Habrouk, M. K. Darwish, y P. 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New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1986.[41] H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, y A. Nabae, «Generalised theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits», Proceeding 1983 Int. Power Electron. Conf. Tokyo Jpn. 1983, pp. 1375-1386, 1983.[42] G. F. Franklin, J. D. Powell, y M. L. Workman, Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, 3rd ed. Addison-Wesley, 1997.[43] K. J. Astrom y B. Wittenmark, Computer-Controlled Systems: Theory and Design, 3rd ed. Prentice Hall Inc., 1997.[44] J. Svensson, «Grid-connected voltage source converter», PhD Thesis, Chalmers university of Technology, 1998.[45] J. Svensson y R. Ottersted, «Shunt Active Filtering of Vector Current-Controlled VSC at a Moderate Swiching Frequency», IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 35, pp. 1083-1090, 1999.[46] J. Holtz, «Pulsewith modulation for electronic power convertion», Proceeding IEEE, vol. 82, n.o 8, pp. 1194-1214, ago. 1994.[47] Mathworks, Using Matlab vesion 8.4. Natick,MA: The Mathworks, Inc, 2014.[48] Mathworks, Using Simulink vesion 8.4. Natick,MA: The Mathworks, Inc, 2014.[49] G. Goodwin, S. Graebe, y M. Salgado, Control Systems Design. London: Prentice Hall, 2001.
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Choi, Y. J., K. S. Han, J. H. Park, and H. D. Shin. "First Report of Persian Buttercup Downy Mildew Caused by Peronospora sp. in Korea." Plant Disease 97, no. 3 (March 2013): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-12-0743-pdn.
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Persian buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus L.) is an ornamental plant cultivated mainly in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, and has recently become popular in Korea. During March and April 2012, Persian buttercups ‘Elegance’ showing symptoms of downy mildew were found in plastic greenhouses in Hwaseong City of Korea. Infection resulted in chlorotic leaves with a dark greyish and dense fungal-like growth on the lower surfaces, and finally led to necrosis of the lesions. A sample was deposited in the Korea University herbarium (KUS-F26431). Conidiophores emerging from stomata were hyaline, 250 to 550 × 7 to 15 μm, straight, and dichotomously branched in 6 to 8 orders. Ultimate branchlets were mostly in pairs, slightly curved, 5 to 15 μm long, and had obtuse tips. Conidia were brown, broadly ellipsoidal to subglobose or ellipsoidal, often pedicellated, and measured 24 to 33 × 20 to 27 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.15 to 1.30. Fourteen species of Peronospora have previously been described on the genus Ranunculus (2), of which P. ficariae was mostly considered the causal agent of downy mildew on Persian buttercup (1,3). The present Korean accession is morphologically distinct from P. ficariae on R. ficaria (a synonym of Ficaria verna) by somewhat larger conidia with often pedicel-like ends. The nuclear ribosomal LSU and ITS regions were PCR-amplified and sequenced as described in Göker et al. (4), and the resulting sequences deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KC111207 and JX465737, respectively). A comparison with the GenBank sequences revealed that the present Korean pathogen differed from P. ficariae on R. ficaria at 10 of 688 characters (about 1.5%) in LSU (AF119600) and 11 of 802 characters (about 1.4%) in ITS sequences (unpublished sequence). In addition, the ITS sequence exhibits a dissimilarity of 1.5 to 2.0% from three species of Peronospora parasitic on Ranunculus; P. alpicola on R. aconitifolius (AY198271), P. illyrica on R. illyricus (AY198268), and P. ranunculi on R. acris (AY198267) and R. recurvatus (AY198269). Based on morphological and molecular distinction between P. ficariae and the Korean pathogen, we provisionally indicate this pathogen as an undetermined species of Peronospora. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by shaking diseased leaves onto the leaves of healthy Persian buttercup ‘Elegance’, incubating the plants in a dew chamber at 20°C for 24 h, and then maintaining them in a greenhouse (20 to 24°C and relative humidity 60 to 80%). After 3 to 4 days, inoculated plants developed downy mildew symptoms, from which an identical fungus was observed, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Control plants treated with sterile water did not develop any symptoms of downy mildew. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a downy mildew on Persian buttercup in Asia, although this disease has been found in other continental countries, such as Italy (1), New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States (3). The presence of a downy mildew on Persian buttercup in Asia can be considered as a potentially new and serious threat to commercial production of this ornamental plant. References: (1) E. Buonocore and R. Areddia. Informatore Fitopatologico 49:25, 1999. (2) O. Constantinescu. Thunbergia 15:1, 1991. (3) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., Online publication, ARS, USDA, Retrieved August 4, 2012. (4) M. Göker et al. Mycol. Res. 113:308, 2009.
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Woliński, Tomasz, Sławomir Ertman, Katarzyna Rutkowska, Daniel Budaszewski, Marzena Sala-Tefelska, Miłosz Chychłowski, Kamil Orzechowski, Karolina Bednarska, and Piotr Lesiak. "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers – 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907.
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Research activities in the area of photonic liquid crystal fibers carried out over the last 15 years at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) have been reviewed and current research directions that include metallic nanoparticles doping to enhance electro-optical properties of the photonic liquid crystal fibers are presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a photonic crystal fiber filled with a low-birefringence liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE, 5518, 232-237 (2004). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S.-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2181-2183 (2004). CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express, 11, 20, 2589-2596 (2003). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13, 2, 59-64 (2005). CrossRef M. Chychłowski, S. Ertman, T.R. 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Guzmán Duxtan, Aldo Javier. "EFECTOS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y AVANCES EN LOS PROYECTOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN EL PERÚ EN ÉPOCAS DE PANDEMIA." Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú 86, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37761/rsqp.v86i4.306.
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según estimaciones de organismos internacionales como la CEPAL, el Banco Mundial y la OMS. La pandemia sigue generando enormes retos y dificultades, en el Perú y en el mundo, particularmente para América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) a pesar de que varios países siguen tomando medidas y restringiendo algunas actividades para evitar la propagación del virus, los casos siguen aumentando. El COVID-19 sigue generando una alta demanda en diversos suministros médicos, descontrol en los sistemas nacionales de salud pública, devela las carencias de acceder a una atención médica digna, ALC sigue enfrentando diversos problemas no solo en diagnósticos, sino en una incapacidad de respuesta sanitaria para enfrentar de forma oportuna esta pandemia, incluyendo, ahora, una transparencia efectiva en la gestión pública de las vacunas, cuyos efectos en esta crisis son el desempleo, la pobreza y la creciente incertidumbre. Pero, ante este panorama, nos ha mostrado la importancia de la ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CTI) para hacer frente a los retos globales y su papel que ha ejercido en la toma de decisiones políticas durante estos tiempos, donde se ha logrado avanzar hacia el entendimiento del nuevo patógeno en cuestión de meses y es gracias al trabajo colaborativo que profesionales de la salud han estado llevando a cabo. Ahora, más que nunca, las expectativas de la multitud en general se han encaminado a la ciencia con ojos críticos en espera de respuestas llenas de esperanza. Desde un marco analítico del CTI en los últimos cinco años (2017 a febrero 2021), según Scopus, en el Perú se realizaron 17 334 publicaciones, repartidas al 2017 (17,2 %), 2018 (20,3 %), 2019 (25,6 %), 2020 (32,9 %) y hasta febrero del 2021(4 %), que conllevaría a un crecimiento de 5 % anual. Las universidades que lideran en este periodo son la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (12,1 %), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (11,5 %), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (11,2 %), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (7,6 %) y entre otras (57,6 %). En este mismo periodo, solo el 2 % corresponde al área de la química con 435 artículos, distribuidos al 2017 (15 %), 2018 (18 %), 2019 (24 %), 2020 (35 %) y hasta febrero 2021 (8 %). Pero los hechos ocurridos durante el 2020, conllevó a un cambio en las tendencias de investigación, que se evidenciaron sobre los 5 705 documentos publicados en ese año, encabezado por la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (11,8 %), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (10,1 %), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (10,0 %), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (8,4 %) y entre otras universidades (59,7 %), donde las áreas dominantes, ahora, fueron Medicina (16,7 %), Ingeniería (10,9 %), Ciencias Sociales (10,6 %), Agricultura y Ciencias Biológicas (8,9 %), Ciencias de la Computación (7,9 %), entre otras más ramas. Este efecto del 2020 se evidencia porque involucró prioritariamente los financiamientos recibidos por patrocinadores nacionales como internacionales y, en este contexto, la participación del Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (FONDECYT) ocupó el tercer lugar con 157 publicaciones (2,8) y el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (CONCYTEC) ocupó el cuarto lugar con 112 publicaciones (2 %) sobre la base de las 5 705 publicaciones del 2020, siendo el 95,3 % correspondiente a otras fuentes de financiamiento. Entonces, basados en la información del CONCYTEC, en Recursos Humanos y Gestión de la Información en CTI sobre la Gestión del Conocimiento en todo el Perú (noviembre 2020) en referencia a la estandarización, sinceramiento de información y mejora de procesos, actualmente existe acceso a literatura científica (IEEE, IOP, SAGE, Taylor & Francis, WILEY, Scopus, EBSCO), se tiene 118 universidades, 9 Escuelas Superiores, 15 institutos gubernamentales y 12 IPIs integradas al repositorio de publicaciones ALICIA, se dispone del convenio con DuraSpace: desarrollo y mantenimiento del software de repositorios institucionales; asimismo, hay una información actualizada de 53 universidades e IPIs sobre gestión de la información en investigación, existe una mejora en el Directorio de RRHH afines a la CTI (ex DINA) e información estadística sobre CTI en el Perú para la Red Iberoamericana e Interamericana de Indicadores de Ciencia y Tecnología (RICYT). Entonces, basados en las estadísticas generales del Repositorio Institucional del CONCYTEC, el número de artículos científicos descargados para el año 2019 (15 917), 2020 (84 131) y hasta febrero del 2021 (20 701), siendo las ciudades con el más alto indicador registrado, Lima (35 845), Arequipa (7 263), Trujillo (4 270) y en el exterior (42 672), en el caso de los países que utilizaron este servicio a nivel mundial fueron Perú (65 483), México (9 804), Estados Unidos de América (8 367), Colombia (5 297), otros países (16 812). Pero en el recuento de artículos depositados fue solo en el 2018 (29), 2019 (103), 2020 (1 747) y en febrero del 2021 (8). Esta misma necesidad ha generado un aumento récord en el volumen de investigaciones realizadas durante esta pandemia, pero está generando cambios significativos en los procesos de publicación científica y exacerbando aún más la brecha de género ya existente en el área de investigación, así como también se debe hablar de los riesgos que implicaría si estas investigaciones no se estuvieran llevando a cabo bajo el más alto rigor de calidad y no solo luchamos contra una epidemia; estamos luchando contra una infodemia, según afirma el director general de la OMS, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. En una vista general en el portal de transparencia del gobierno (http://www.transparencia.gob.pe), el Presupuesto Institucional Modificado para 2019 del FONDECYT fue de S/ 160 452 240 con un avance de 94,3 %, durante el 2020 fue de S/ 159 479 962, con un avance de 88,1 % y actualmente al 2021, es de S/ 136 174 768 con un avance de 1,2 %. Mientras que para el 2019, al CONCYTEC se le asignó S/ 26 130 047 con un 91,8 % de avance, durante el 2020 fue de S/ 25 012 919, con un 91,3 % de avance y actualmente, al 2021, se le asignó S/ 29 735 713 con un avance de 7,0 %. Haciendo evidente que no existe un marco claro de política económica orientado a mejorar en el desarrollo tecnológico y, según el análisis del gasto público (AGP) en Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (CTI), cuyo propósito es determinar la calidad de la combinación de las medidas adoptadas por el Gobierno del Perú para incrementar las oportunidades de impacto que mejoren la competitividad de la econo¬mía y que está plasmado en el Estudio de Línea Base del Gasto Público en Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación en el Perú, (Proyecto CONCYTEC, FONDECYT y el Banco Mundial en marzo del 2020), cuyo soporte está basado en la documentación del Gobierno del Perú, como la Ley Marco de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (Ley 28303), Plan Nacional de Competitividad y Productividad (Decreto Supremo 237-2019 EF), Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas. Política Nacional de Competitividad y Productividad, Documento Resumen, Consejo Nacional de Competitividad y Formalización, que consolidaron los siguientes resultados y conclusiones: existe una alta concentración del gasto en pocos instrumentos; desbalance en la representación de los objetivos estratégicos del plan nacional de competitividad y productividad; alta concentración del gasto dentro de los sectores de gobierno; alta superposición de objetivos entre instrumentos; alta superposición de objetivos entre sectores de gobierno; alta duplicación de esfuerzos en creación de conocimiento; instrumentos con referencia a múltiples mecanismos de intervención; instrumentos con múltiples tipos de beneficiarios; gran proporción del gasto enfocado a beneficiarios académicos; escasa especialización de instrumentos enfocados al sector privado y perfil académico del sector producción, bajo estas evidencias, con fecha 2 de noviembre del 2020, el Congreso presentó el Proyecto de Ley 06575/2020-CR, mediante el cual se propone la Ley del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Una producción de artículos científicos de esta dimensión no habría sido posible sin recursos que financiaran este proceso extraordinario y no sólo la pandemia ha sido un propulsor en materia de producción, sino también de accesibilidad científica. En este contexto, se debe proponer que las investigaciones y proyectos en CTI no son un gasto, sino una inversión y una gran fortaleza si son usadas para la toma de decisiones de un país, pero se necesita un cambio profundo en las políticas públicas y económicas del mismo, para la mejora del futuro basados en la ciencia, tecnología e innovación.
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Mahmoud, Moamin A., Naziffa Raha Md Nasir, Mathuri Gurunathan, Preveena Raj, and Salama A. Mostafa. "The Current State of the Art in Research on Predictive Maintenance in Smart Grid Distribution Network: Fault’s Types, Causes, and Prediction Methods—A Systematic Review." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 5078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165078.
Full textAbstract:
With the exponential growth of science, Internet of Things (IoT) innovation, and expanding significance in renewable energy, Smart Grid has become an advanced innovative thought universally as a solution for the power demand increase around the world. The smart grid is the most practical trend of effective transmission of present-day power assets. The paper aims to survey the present literature concerning predictive maintenance and different types of faults that could be detected within the smart grid. Four databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science) were searched between 2012 and 2020. Sixty-five (n = 65) were chosen based on specified exclusion and inclusion criteria. Fifty-seven percent (n = 37/65) of the studies analyzed the issues from predictive maintenance perspectives, while about 18% (n = 12/65) focused on factors-related review studies on the smart grid and about 15% (n = 10/65) focused on factors related to the experimental study. The remaining 9% (n = 6/65) concentrated on fields related to the challenges and benefits of the study. The significance of predictive maintenance has been developing over time in connection with Industry 4.0 revolution. The paper’s fundamental commitment is the outline and overview of faults in the smart grid such as fault location and detection. Therefore, advanced methods of applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques can enhance and improve the reliability and resilience of smart grid systems. For future direction, we aim to supply a deep understanding of Smart meters to detect or monitor faults in the smart grid as it is the primary IoT sensor in an AMI.
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Udupi, Aparna, Mruthyunjaya Somasekhara Handigod, and Sathish Madhava Kumar. "Unidirectional and bidirectional coupling of surface plasmons based on nonperiodic nano slit array." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i1.745.
Full textAbstract:
A 2D structure made up of nano slits to couple free space mode of any given wave front to a propagating Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) mode of Metal Insulator Metal (MIM) waveguide is proposed. The structure can be designed to act as either a unidirectional coupler or a bidirectional coupler. Designed structures are simulated using FEM technique and results for circular and plane wave fronts are demonstrated. From the results obtained, it is observed that there is an optimum aperture size for coupling maximum power into the MIM waveguide for the case of circular wave front. Full Text: PDF ReferencesMaier S A, Plasmonics: fundamentals and applications (Springer, Berlin 2007). CrossRef Chen J et al.,"Efficient unidirectional generation of surface plasmon polaritons with asymmetric single-nanoslit", Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 4 (2010) CrossRef Yang X et al., "Unidirectional generation of surface plasmon polaritons by a single right-angled trapezoid metallic nanoslit", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 50, 4 (2017). CrossRef Lu F et al. "An efficient and ultra-broadband unidirectional optical coupler for wide incidence angles", Opt. Commun., 379 (2016). CrossRef Liu D et al., "New RLL Decoding Algorithm for Multiple Candidates in Visible Light Communication", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 27, 15 (2015). CrossRef Wang C M et al., "Angle-Independent Infrared Filter Assisted by Localized Surface Plasmon Polariton", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 20, 13 (2008). CrossRef Wang C M, Feng D Y, "Omnidirectional thermal emitter based on plasmonic nanoantenna arrays", Opt. Express 22, 2 (2014). CrossRef Huang Y, Min C and Veronis G, "Light trapping by backside diffraction gratings in silicon solar cells revisited", Opt. Express 20, 20 (2012). CrossRef Liang X et al., "Undirectional launcher of surface plasmon polaritons based on subwavelength slits with side-illumination and backside-illumination", Optik 127, 3 (2016). CrossRef Dionne J A, Lezec H J and Atwater H A, "Highly Confined Photon Transport in Subwavelength Metallic Slot Waveguides", Nano letters 6, 9 (2006). CrossRef Ghatak, A., & Thyagarajan, K, An introduction to fiber optics Cambridge university press 1998). CrossRef Vial A et al., "Improved analytical fit of gold dispersion: Application to the modeling of extinction spectra with a finite-difference time-domain method", Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 71, 8 (2005). CrossRef
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Supronowicz, Robert, Jiajie Fan, Maciej Listowski, Adam Watras, and Irena Fryc. "Application of different metrics for describing light color quality of white LED." Photonics Letters of Poland 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v13i2.1098.
Full textAbstract:
Using the example of the UV-excited Ca9KMg(PO4)7:1% Eu2+ phosphor, methods for characterizing the color quality of the light emitted by it at different operating temperatures are described. The effect of adopting two different colorimetric observers established by the International Commission on Illumination (i.e., the CIE 1931 observer with a viewing angle of two degrees and the CIE 2015 observer with a viewing angle of ten degrees) on the position of the chromaticity point of light emitted by phosphor is discussed. It was demonstrated that using the CIE 2015 photometric observer to determine the position of the chromaticity point, the tested phosphor is characterized by smaller changes in the color of emitted light as a function of operating temperature than when using the CIE 1931 observer. Full Text: PDF ReferencesR. Pązik et al., "Thermal quenching mechanisms of the Eu3+ luminescence in Ca9Al(PO4)7 obtained by citric route", Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 48, I.2, 337 (2013). CrossRef I. Fryc, S. W. Brown, Y. Ohno, "A spectrally tunable LED sphere source enables accurate calibration of tristimulus colorimeters", Proc. SPIE Vol. 6158, 125 (2006) CrossRef Y. Ohno, "Practical Use and Calculation of CCT and Duv", LEUKOS, 10:1, 47-55, (2014). CrossRef D. Durmus, "Multi-objective optimization trade-offs for color rendition, energy efficiency, and circadian metrics", Proc. SPIE Vol. 11706, 117061J (2021) CrossRef I. Fryc, D. Czyzewski, " Dokładność pomiarowa spektroradiometrów typu CCD", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 85(11), 276 (2009). DirectLink D. Czyzewski, "Zamienniki LED klasycznych żarówek", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 88(11), 123 (2012). DirectLink J. Kusznier, W. Wojtkowski, "Spectral properties of smart LED lamps", Phot. Lett. Pol., 12(1), 16 (2020). CrossRef P. Hung, J. Y. Tsao, "Maximum White Luminous Efficacy of Radiation Versus Color Rendering Index and Color Temperature: Exact Results and a Useful Analytic Expression", Journ. of Display Techn., 9(6), 405 (2013). CrossRef Y. Asano, MD Fairchild, L. Blondé, "Individual Colorimetric Observer Model", PLOS ONE 11(2) e0145671 (2016). CrossRef Y. Wang, M. Wei, "Preference among light sources with different Duv but similar colour rendition: A pilot study", Lighting Res. & Tech., 50(7), 1013 (2018). CrossRef K. A. G. Smet, "Tutorial: The LuxPy Python Toolbox for Lighting and Color Science", LEUKOS, 16:3, 179 (2020). CrossRef D. Petrisor, C. D. Galatanu, C. Haba, L. Breniuc "Color Quality Measurements of LED Light Sources Using Image Processing", EEEIC/I&CPS Europe, 1, (2019) CrossRef ANSI C78.377:2017 DirectLink I. Fryc, T. Dimitrova-Grekow, "An Automated System for Evaluation of the Quality of Light Sources", 2016 IEEE (Lumen V4), 1 (2016). CrossRef Y. Ohno, "Spectral design considerations for white LED color rendering", Optical Engineering 44(11), 111302 (2005). CrossRef E. Purwanto, P. Dupuis, L. Canale, N. I. Sinisuka, G. Zissis, "Aging study of remote luminophore at ambient temperature", EEEIC/I&CPS Europe, 1 (2019). CrossRef J. Fan, Y. Li, I. Fryc, C. Qian, X. Fan, G. Zhang, "Machine-Learning Assisted Prediction of Spectral Power Distribution for Full-Spectrum White Light-Emitting Diode", IEEE Photonics Journal, 12(1), 1 (2020). CrossRef D. Mozyrska, M. Wyrwas, I. Fryc, "Wyznaczanie parametrów kolorymetrycznych LEDa w pełnym zakresie temperatur pracy", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 93(4a), 232 (2012). CrossRef I. Fryc, "Analiza właściwości spektralnych LEDów z zależności od temperatury i natężenia ich prądu pracy", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 86(10), 187 (2010). DirectLink I. Fryc, "Pomiary wybranych parametrów świetlno-optycznych LEDów według zaleceń Międzynarodowej Komisji Oświetleniowej CIE 127:2007", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 85(11), 317 (2009). DirectLink A. David et al., "Development of the IES method for evaluating the color rendition of light sources", Opt. Express 23, 15888 (2015). CrossRef S Jost-Boissard, P Avouac, M Fontoynont, "Assessing the colour quality of LED sources: Naturalness, attractiveness, colourfulness and colour difference", Lighting Research & Technology, 47(7): 769 (2015). CrossRef J. Kowalska, "Określanie jakości oddawania barw źródeł światła parametrami przedstawionymi w zaleceniach IES TM-30-15 i CIE 013.3-1995", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 93(6), 50 (2017). DirectLink J. Kowalska, I. Fryc, "Jakość oddawania barw współczesnych lamp fluorescencyjnych określona zdefiniowanym przez CIE wskaźnikiem wierności barwy oraz wskaźnikiem oddawania barw", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 95(7), 94 (2019). DirectLink CIE 170-2:2015 DirectLink
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Moś, Joanna Ewa, Karol Antoni Stasiewicz, and Leszek Roman Jaroszewicz. "Liquid crystal cell with a tapered optical fiber as an active element to optical applications." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.879.
Full textAbstract:
The work describes the technology of a liquid crystal cell with a tapered optical fiber as an element providing light. The tapered optical fiber with the total optical loss of 0.22 ± 0.07 dB, the taper waist diameter of 15.5 ± 0.5 μm, and the elongation of 20.4 ± 0.3 mm has been used. The experimental results are presented for a liquid crystal cell filled with a mixture 1550* for parallel orientation of LC molecules to the cross section of the taper waist. Measurement results show the influence of the electrical field with voltage in the range of 0-200 V, without, as well as with different modulation for spectral characteristics. The sinusoidal and square signal shapes are used with a 1-10 Hz frequency range. Full Text: PDF ReferencesZ. Liu, H. Y. Tam, L. Htein, M. L.Vincent Tse, C. Lu, "Microstructured Optical Fiber Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol. 35, 16 (2017). CrossRef T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman1, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domański, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, J. Wojcik "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 5 (2006). CrossRef K. Nielsen, D. Noordegraaf, T. Sørensen, A. Bjarklev,T. Hansen, "Selective filling of photonic crystal fibres", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 7, 8 (2005). CrossRef A. A. Rifat, G. A. Mahdiraji, D. M. Chow, Y, Gang Shee, R. Ahmed, F. Rafiq, M Adikan, "Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Selective Analyte Channels and Graphene-Silver Deposited Core", Sensors 15, 5 (2015) CrossRef Y. Huang, Z.Tian, L.P. Sun, D. Sun, J.Li, Y.Ran, B.-O. Guan "High-sensitivity DNA biosensor based on optical fiber taper interferometer coated with conjugated polymer tentacle", Opt. Express 23, 21 (2015). CrossRef X. Wang, O. S. Wolfbeis, "The 2016 Annual Review Issue", Anal. Chem., 88, 1 (2016). CrossRef Ye Tian, W. Wang, N. Wu, X. Zou, X.Wang, "Tapered Optical Fiber Sensor for Label-Free Detection of Biomolecules", Sensors 11, 4 (2011). CrossRef O. Katsunari, Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides, (London, Academic Press, (2006). DirectLink A. K. Sharma, J. Rajan, B.D. Gupta, "Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Comprehensive Review", IEEE Sensors Journal 7, 8 (2007). CrossRef C. Caucheteur, T. Guo, J. Albert, "Review of plasmonic fiber optic biochemical sensors: improving the limit of detection", Anal. Bioanal.Chem. 407, 14 (2015). CrossRef S. F. Silva L. Coelho, O. Frazão, J. L. Santos, F. X.r Malcata, "A Review of Palladium-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors for Molecular Hydrogen Detection", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 12, 1 (2012). CrossRef H. Waechter, J. Litman, A. H. Cheung, J. A. Barnes, H.P. Loock, "Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy", Sensors 10, 3 (2010). CrossRef S. Zhu, F. Pang, S. Huang, F.Zou, Y.Dong, T.Wang, "High sensitivity refractive index sensor based on adiabatic tapered optical fiber deposited with nanofilm by ALD", Opt. Express 23, 11 (2015). CrossRef L. Zhang, J. Lou, L. Tong, "Micro/nanofiber optical sensors", Photonics sensor 1, 1 (2011). CrossRef L.Tong, J. Lou, E. Mazur, "Single-mode guiding properties of subwavelength-diameter silica and silicon wire waveguides", Opt. Express 11, 6 (2004). CrossRef H. Moyyed, I. T. Leite, L. Coelho, J. L. Santos, D. Viegas, "Analysis of phase interrogated SPR fiber optic sensors with bimetallic layers", IEEE Sensors Journal 14, 10 (2014). CrossRef A. González-Cano, M. Cruz Navarette, Ó. Esteban, N. Diaz Herrera , "Plasmonic sensors based on doubly-deposited tapered optical fibers", Sensors 14, 3 (2014). CrossRef K. A. Stasiewicz, J.E. Moś, "Threshold temperature optical fibre sensors", Opt. Fiber Technol. 32, (2016). CrossRef L. Zhang, F. Gu, J. Lou, X. Yin, L. Tong, "Fast detection of humidity with a subwavelength-diameter fiber taper coated with gelatin film", Opt. Express 16, 17 (2008). CrossRef S.Zhu, F.Pang, S. Huang, F. Zou, Q. Guo, J. Wen, T. Wang, "High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on TiO2-Coated Adiabatic Tapered Optical Fiber via ALD Technology", Sensors 16, 8 (2016). CrossRef G.Brambilla, "Optical fibre nanowires and microwires: a review", J. Optics 12, 4 (2010) CrossRef M. Ahmad, L.L. Hench, "Effect of taper geometries and launch angle on evanescent wave penetration depth in optical fibers", Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 7 (2005). CrossRef L.M. Blinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, Springftianer, 1994). CrossRef L. Scolari, T.T. Alkeskjold, A. Bjarklev, "Tunable Gaussian filter based on tapered liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre", Electron. Lett. 42, 22 (2006). CrossRef J. Moś, M. Florek, K. Garbat, K.A. Stasiewicz, N. Bennis, L.R. Jaroszewicz, "In-Line Tunable Nematic Liquid Crystal Fiber Optic Device", J. of Lightwave Technol. 36, 4 (2017). CrossRef J. Moś, K A Stasiewicz, K Garbat, P Morawiak, W Piecek, L R Jaroszewicz, "Tapered fiber liquid crystal hybrid broad band device", Phys. Scripta. 93, 12 (2018). CrossRef Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, J. Bures, "Liquid-crystal-clad tapered fibers", Opt. Lett. 11, 11 (1986). CrossRef R. Dąbrowski, K. Garbat, S. Urban, T.R. Woliński, J. Dziaduszek, T. Ogrodnik, A,Siarkowska, "Low-birefringence liquid crystal mixtures for photonic liquid crystal fibres application", Liq. Cryst. 44, (2017). CrossRef S. Lacroix, R. J. Black, Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, "Tapered single-mode fibers: external refractive-index dependence", Appl. Opt., 25, 15 (1986). CrossRef J.F. Henninot, D. Louvergneaux , N.Tabiryan, M. Warenghem, "Controlled Leakage of a Tapered Optical Fiber with Liquid Crystal Cladding", Mol. Cryst.and Liq.Cryst., 282, 1(1996). CrossRef
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Maldonado, Silvia. "REALIDAD AUMENTADA COMO HERRAMIENTA DE GESTIÓN ACADÉMICA PARA ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 24, no. 107 (December 24, 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v24i107.413.
Full textAbstract:
La insuficiencia de unidades de realidad aumentada en la carrera de Diseño Gráfico influye en el desempeño de aprendizaje pedagógico y social estudiantil. El objetivo del estudio es implementar la Realidad Aumentada como herramienta de enseñanza y determinar su incidencia en el rendimiento académico. El diseño metodológico fue de tipo aplicativo, puesto que, busca conocer, actuar, construir y modificar una problemática existente, la investigación aplicó un diseño cuasi experimental, el cual, manipuló la variable independiente con un enfoque en el paradigma cuantitativo debido al análisis de simulación de escenarios generados. El resultado principal fue que la herramienta Aumentaty Author generó actividades de exploración, las mismas que, ofrecieron asistencia al momento de integrar la realidad virtual y la propia realidad en un aplicativo de carácter académico. Se concluyó que, el escenario 2 incidió positivamente en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, considerando que los resultados que superan al escenario 1.
Palabras Clave: realidad aumentada, aprendizaje pedagógico, académica.
Referencias
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Tigua Moreira, Sonia, Edison Cruz Navarrete, and Geovanny Cordova Perez. "Big Data: paradigm in construction in the face of the challenges and challenges of the financial sector in the 21st century." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 25, no. 110 (August 26, 2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v25i110.485.
Full textAbstract:
The world of finance is immersed in multiple controversies, laden with contradictions and uncertainties typical of a social ecosystem, generating dynamic changes that lead to significant transformations, where the thematic discussion of Big Data becomes crucial for real-time logical decision-making. In this field of knowledge is located this article, which reports as a general objective to explore the strengths, weaknesses and future trends of Big Data in the financial sector, using as a methodology for exploration a scientific approach with the bibliographic tools scopus and scielo, using as a search equation the Big Data, delimited to the financial sector. The findings showed the growing importance of gaining knowledge from the huge amount of financial data generated daily globally, developing predictive capacity towards creating scenarios inclined to find solutions and make timely decisions.
Keywords: Big Data, financial sector, decision-making.
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Pich Mitjana, Josep, and David Martínez Fiol. "Manuel Brabo Portillo. Policía, espía y pistolero (1876-1919)." Vínculos de Historia. Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 8 (June 20, 2019): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2019.08.20.
Full textAbstract:
RESUMEN:El objetivo del artículo es aproximarnos a la controvertida biografía del comisario Manuel Brabo Portillo. El trabajo está basado en fuentes primarias y secundarias. El método utilizado es empírico. En el imaginario del mundo sindicalista revolucionario, Brabo Portillo era el policía más odiado, la reencarnación de la cara más turbia del Estado. Fue, así mismo, un espía alemán relacionado con el hundimiento de barcos españoles, el asesinato del empresario e ingeniero Barret y el primer jefe de los terroristas vinculados a la patronal barcelonesa. La conflictividad que afectó a España en el período de la Primera Guerra Mundial es fundamental para entender los orígenes del terrorismo vinculado al pistolerismo, que marcó la historia político social española del primer tercio del siglo XX.PALABRAS CLAVE: Brabo Portillo, pistolerismo, espionaje, sindicalismo, Primera Guerra Mundial.ABSTRACT:The objective of the article is an approach to the controversial biography of Police Chief Manuel Brabo Portillo. The work is based on primary and secondary sources. The method used is empirical. In the imagery of the revolutionary syndicalist world, Brabo Portillo was the most hated policeman, the reincarnation of the murkiest face of the state. He was also a German spy connected with the sinking of Spanish ships, the murder of businessman and engineer Josep Barret and the first head of the terrorists linked to Barcelona employers. The conflict that affected Spain during the period of the First World War is fundamental in order to understand the origins of terrorism linked to pistolerismo, which marked Spanish social political history during the first third of the twentieth century.KEY WORDS: Brabo Portillo, pistolerismo, espionage, syndicalism, First World War. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAisa, M., La efervescencia social de los años 20. Barcelona 1917-1923, Barcelona, Descontrol, 2016.Aguirre de Cárcer, N., La neutralidad de España durante la Primera Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). I. Bélgica, Madrid, Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, 1995.Alonso, G., “’Afectos caprichosos’: Tradicionalismo y germanofilia en España durante la Gran Guerra”, Hispania Nova, 15, 2017, pp. 394-415.Amador, A., El Terror blanco en Barcelona. Las bombas y los atentados personales. Actuación infernal de una banda de asesinos al servicio de la burguesía. El asesinato como una industria, Tarragona, Talleres gráf. 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Кючуков Хрісто and Віллєрз Джіл. "Language Complexity, Narratives and Theory of Mind of Romani Speaking Children." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2018.5.2.kyu.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents research findings with 56 Roma children from Macedonia and Serbia between the ages of 3-6 years. The children’s knowledge of Romani as their mother tongue was assessed with a specially designed test. The test measures the children’s comprehension and production of different types of grammatical knowledge such as wh–questions, wh-complements, passive verbs, possessives, tense, aspect, the ability of the children to learn new nouns and new adjectives, and repetition of sentences. In addition, two pictured narratives about Theory of Mind were given to the children. The hypothesis of the authors was that knowledge of the complex grammatical categories by children will help them to understand better the Theory of Mind stories. The results show that Roma children by the age of 5 know most of the grammatical categories in their mother tongue and most of them understand Theory of Mind.
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Gilewski, Marian. "The ecological hazard of artificial lighting in greenhouses." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i3.934.
Full textAbstract:
This article draws attention to the shortcomings of modern lighting systems used in greenhouses. Its content focuses on the negative effects of mismatches between the photosynthetic needs of plants and the parameters of artificial light sources. Greenhouse lamps designers often do not have the knowledge of biological cultivation dependencies. Therefore, their cooperation with specialists of plant physiology and gardeners is indispensable. This is important because it can affect the consumer quality of vegetables. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM.Kucharczyk, I.Gąsak, Ecological effects of light pollution , III International Conference on Scientific and Technical TRANSEIA, Krynica Zdrój, Poland, 6-8 December 2017. DirectLink T. H. Goldsmith, What Birds See, Scientific American Inc. (2006), CrossRef E.J. Gerl, M.R. Morris, The Causes and Consequences of Color Vision, Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, 2008. CrossRef K. Jaworski, A. Szmidt-Jaworska, J. 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Troncoso Espinosa, Fredy Humberto, and Javiera Valentina Ruiz Tapia. "PREDICCIÓN DE FUGA DE CLIENTES EN UNA EMPRESA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE GAS NATURAL MEDIANTE EL USO DE MINERÍA DE DATOS." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 24, no. 106 (November 16, 2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v24i106.399.
Full textAbstract:
La fuga de clientes es un problema relevante al que enfrentan las empresas de servicios y que les puede generar pérdidas económicas significativas. Identificar los elementos que llevan a un cliente a dejar de consumir un servicio es una tarea compleja, sin embargo, mediante su comportamiento es posible estimar una probabilidad de fuga asociada a cada uno de ellos. Esta investigación aplica minería de datos para la predicción de la fuga de clientes en una empresa de distribución de gas natural, mediante dos técnicas de machine learning: redes neuronales y support vector machine. Los resultados muestran que mediante la aplicación de estas técnicas es posible identificar los clientes con mayor probabilidad de fuga para tomar sobre estas acciones de retenciónoportunas y focalizadas, minimizando los costos asociados al error en la identificación de estos clientes.
Palabras Clave: fuga de clientes, minería de datos, machine learning, distribución de gas natural.
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16
Yakubu, Bashir Ishaku, Shua’ib Musa Hassan, and Sallau Osisiemo Asiribo. "AN ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL VARIATION OF LAND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF MINNA, NIGER STATE NIGERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES." Geosfera Indonesia 3, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v3i2.7934.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements.
Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics
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Hens, Luc, Nguyen An Thinh, Tran Hong Hanh, Ngo Sy Cuong, Tran Dinh Lan, Nguyen Van Thanh, and Dang Thanh Le. "Sea-level rise and resilience in Vietnam and the Asia-Pacific: A synthesis." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 2 (January 19, 2018): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/2/11107.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change induced sea-level rise (SLR) is on its increase globally. Regionally the lowlands of China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and islands of the Malaysian, Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the world’s most threatened regions. Sea-level rise has major impacts on the ecosystems and society. It threatens coastal populations, economic activities, and fragile ecosystems as mangroves, coastal salt-marches and wetlands. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of sea level-rise and its effects on both human and natural ecosystems. The focus is on coastal urban areas and low lying deltas in South-East Asia and Vietnam, as one of the most threatened areas in the world. About 3 mm per year reflects the growing consensus on the average SLR worldwide. The trend speeds up during recent decades. The figures are subject to local, temporal and methodological variation. In Vietnam the average values of 3.3 mm per year during the 1993-2014 period are above the worldwide average. Although a basic conceptual understanding exists that the increasing global frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones is related with the increasing temperature and SLR, this relationship is insufficiently understood. Moreover the precise, complex environmental, economic, social, and health impacts are currently unclear. SLR, storms and changing precipitation patterns increase flood risks, in particular in urban areas. Part of the current scientific debate is on how urban agglomeration can be made more resilient to flood risks. Where originally mainly technical interventions dominated this discussion, it becomes increasingly clear that proactive special planning, flood defense, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and flood recovery are important, but costly instruments. Next to the main focus on SLR and its effects on resilience, the paper reviews main SLR associated impacts: Floods and inundation, salinization, shoreline change, and effects on mangroves and wetlands. The hazards of SLR related floods increase fastest in urban areas. This is related with both the increasing surface major cities are expected to occupy during the decades to come and the increasing coastal population. In particular Asia and its megacities in the southern part of the continent are increasingly at risk. The discussion points to complexity, inter-disciplinarity, and the related uncertainty, as core characteristics. An integrated combination of mitigation, adaptation and resilience measures is currently considered as the most indicated way to resist SLR today and in the near future.References Aerts J.C.J.H., Hassan A., Savenije H.H.G., Khan M.F., 2000. Using GIS tools and rapid assessment techniques for determining salt intrusion: Stream a river basin management instrument. 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Trang, Pham Thi Quynh, Bui Manh Thang, and Dang Thanh Hai. "Single Concatenated Input is Better than Indenpendent Multiple-input for CNNs to Predict Chemical-induced Disease Relation from Literature." VNU Journal of Science: Computer Science and Communication Engineering 36, no. 1 (May 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1086/vnucsce.237.
Full textAbstract:
Chemical compounds (drugs) and diseases are among top searched keywords on the PubMed database of biomedical literature by biomedical researchers all over the world (according to a study in 2009). Working with PubMed is essential for researchers to get insights into drugs’ side effects (chemical-induced disease relations (CDR), which is essential for drug safety and toxicity. It is, however, a catastrophic burden for them as PubMed is a huge database of unstructured texts, growing steadily very fast (~28 millions scientific articles currently, approximately two deposited per minute). As a result, biomedical text mining has been empirically demonstrated its great implications in biomedical research communities. Biomedical text has its own distinct challenging properties, attracting much attetion from natural language processing communities. A large-scale study recently in 2018 showed that incorporating information into indenpendent multiple-input layers outperforms concatenating them into a single input layer (for biLSTM), producing better performance when compared to state-of-the-art CDR classifying models. This paper demonstrates that for a CNN it is vice-versa, in which concatenation is better for CDR classification. To this end, we develop a CNN based model with multiple input concatenated for CDR classification. Experimental results on the benchmark dataset demonstrate its outperformance over other recent state-of-the-art CDR classification models.
Keywords:
Chemical disease relation prediction, Convolutional neural network, Biomedical text mining
References
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19
Pham, Linh Manh, and Xuan Tung Hoang. "An Elasticity Framework for Distributed Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Brokers." VNU Journal of Science: Computer Science and Communication Engineering 37, no. 1 (April 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1086/vnucsce.267.
Full textAbstract:
Internet of Things (IoT) applications are increasingly making impact in all areas of humanlife. Day by day, its chatty embedded devices have been generating tons of data requiring effectivenetwork infrastructure. To deliver millions of IoT messages back and fort with as few faults aspossible, participation of communication protocols like MQTT is a must. Lightweight blueprintand friendly battery are just two of many advantages of this protocol making it become a dominantin IoT world. In real application scenarios, distributed MQTT solutions are usually required sincecentralized MQTT approach is incapable of dealing with huge amount of data. Although distributedMQTT solutions are scalable, they do not adapt to fluctuations of traffic workload. This might costIoT service provider because of redundant computation resources. This leads to the need of a novelapproach that can adapt its size changes in workload. This article proposes such an elastic solutionby proposing a flexible MQTT framework. Our MQTT framework uses off-the-shelf componentsto obtain server’s elasticity while keeping IoT applications intact. Experiments are conducted tovalidate elasticity function provided by an implementation of our framework.
Keywords
MQTT broker, Elasticity, Internet of Things, Cloud computing
References
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Xiem, Hoang Van, Duong Thi Hang, Trinh Anh Vu, and Vu Xuan Thang. "Cooperative Caching in Two-Layer Hierarchical Cache-aided Systems." VNU Journal of Science: Computer Science and Communication Engineering 35, no. 1 (May 16, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1086/vnucsce.222.
Full textAbstract:
Caching has received much attention as a promising technique to overcome high data rate and stringent latency requirements in the future wireless networks. The premise of caching technique is to prefetch most popular contents closer to end users in local cache of edge nodes, e.g., base station (BS). When a user requests a content that is available in the cache, it can be served directly without being sent from the core network. In this paper, we investigate the performance of hierarchical caching systems, in which both BS and end users are equipped with a storage memory. In particular, we propose a novel cooperative caching scheme that jointly optimizes the content placement at the BS’s and users’ caches. The proposed caching scheme is analytically shown to achieve a larger global caching gain than the reference in both uncoded – and coded caching strategies. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed caching algorithm.
Keywords
Hierarchical caching system, cooperative caching, caching gain, uncoded caching, coded caching
References
[1] D. Liu, B. Chen, C. Yang, A.F. Molisch, Caching at the Wireless Edge: Design Aspects, Challenges, and Future Directions, IEEE Communications Magazine 54 (2016) 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2016.7565183.[2] T.X. Vu, S. Chatzinotas, B. Ottersten, Edge-Caching Wireless Networks: Performance Analysis and Optimization, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 17 (2018) 2827-2839. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2018.2803816.[3] M.A. Maddah-Ali, U. Niesen, Fundamental Limits of Caching, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 60 (2014) 2856-2867. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2014.2306938.[4] M.A. Maddah-Ali, U. Niesen, Decentralized Coded Caching Attains Order-Optimal Memory-Rate Tradeoff, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 23 (2015) 1029-1040. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2014.2317316.[5] U. Niesen, M.A. Maddah-Ali, Coded Caching with Nonuniform Demands, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 63 (2017) 1146-1158. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2016.2639522.[6] Q. Yu, M.A. Maddah-Ali, A.S. Avestimehr, The exact rate-memory tradeoff for caching with uncoded prefetching, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 64 (2018) 1281-1296. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2017.2785237.[7] S.P. Shariatpanahi, H. Shah-Mansouri, B.H. Khalaj, Caching gain in interference-limited wireless networks, IET Communications 9 (2015) 1269-1277. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2014.0955.[8] N. Naderializadeh, M.A. Maddah-Ali, A.S. Avestimehr, Fundamental limits of cache-aided interference management, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 63 (2017) 3092-3107. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2017.2669942.[9] J. Hachem, U. Niesen, S. Diggavi, Energy-Efficiency Gains of Caching for Interference Channels, IEEE Communications Letters 22 (2018) 1434-1437. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2822694.[10] M.A. Maddah-Ali, U. Niesen, Cache-aided interference channels, IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory ISIT, 2015, pp. 809-813. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIT.2015.7282567.[11] T.X. Vu, S. Chatzinotas, B. Ottersten, T.Q. Duong, Energy minimization for cache-assisted content delivery networks with wireless backhaul, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 7 (2018) 332-335. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2017.2776924.[12] S. Li, Q. Yu, M.A. Maddah-Ali, A.S. Avestimehr, Coded distributed computing: Fundamental limits and practical challenges, 50th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (2016) 509-513. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/ACSSC.2016.7869092.[13] S. Li, M.A. Maddah-Ali, Q. Yu, A.S. Avestimehr, A fundamental tradeoff between computation and communication in distributed computing, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 64 (2018) 109-128. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2017.2756959.[14] S. Borst, V. Gupta, A. Walid, Distributed caching algorithms for content distribution networks, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM. (2010) 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2010.5461964.[15] N. Karamchandani, U. Niesen, M.A. Maddah-Ali, SN Diggavi, Hierarchical coded caching, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 62 (2016) 3212-3229. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2016.2557804.[16] S.P. Shariatpanahi, G. Caire, B. H. Khalaj, Multi-antenna coded caching, IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory ISIT, 2017, pp. 2113-2117. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006902.[17] R. Pedarsani, M.A. Maddah-Ali, U. Niesen, Online coded caching, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 24 (2016) 836-845. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2015.2394482.
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Cong, Lam Sinh, Nguyen Quoc Tuan, and Kumbesan Sandrasegaran. "A General Model of Fractional Frequency Reuse: Modelling and Performance Analysis." VNU Journal of Science: Computer Science and Communication Engineering 36, no. 1 (May 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1086/vnucsce.221.
Full textAbstract:
Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) is a promising to improve the spectrum e ciency in the LongTerm Evolution (LTE) cellular network. In the literature, various research works have been conducted to evaluate the performance of FFR. However, the presented analytical approach only dealt with the special cases in which the users are divided into 2 groups and only two power levels are utilised. In this paper, we consider a general case of FFR in which the users are classified intogroups and each group is assigned a serving power level. The mathematical model of the general FFR is presented and analysed through a stochastic geometry approach. The derived analytical results in terms of average coverage probability can covered all the related well-known results in the literature.
Keywords:
Fractional Frequency Reuse, LongTerm Evolution, coverage probability, stochastic geometry
References
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22
Marshall, P. David. "Seriality and Persona." M/C Journal 17, no. 3 (June 11, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.802.
Full textAbstract:
No man [...] can wear one face to himself and another to the multitude, without finally getting bewildered as to which one may be true. (Nathaniel Hawthorne Scarlet Letter – as seen and pondered by Tony Soprano at Bowdoin College, The Sopranos, Season 1, Episode 5: “College”)The fictitious is a particular and varied source of insight into the everyday world. The idea of seriality—with its variations of the serial, series, seriated—is very much connected to our patterns of entertainment. In this essay, I want to begin the process of testing what values and meanings can be drawn from the idea of seriality into comprehending the play of persona in contemporary culture. From a brief overview of the intersection of persona and seriality as well as a review of the deployment of seriality in popular culture, the article focuses on the character/ person-actor relationship to demonstrate how seriality produces persona. The French term for character—personnage—will be used to underline the clear relations between characterisation, person, and persona which have been developed by the recent work by Lenain and Wiame. Personnage, through its variation on the word person helps push the analysis into fully understanding the particular and integrated configuration between a public persona and the fictional role that an actor inhabits (Heinich).There are several qualities related to persona that allow this movement from the fictional world to the everyday world to be profitable. Persona, in terms of origins, in and of itself implies performance and display. Jung, for instance, calls persona a mask where one is “acting a role” (167); while Goffman considers that performance and roles are at the centre of everyday life and everyday forms and patterns of communication. In recent work, I have use persona to describe how online culture pushes most people to construct a public identity that resembles what celebrities have had to construct for their livelihood for at least the last century (“Persona”; “Self”). My work has expanded to an investigation of how online persona relates to individual agency (“Agency”) and professional postures and positioning (Barbour and Marshall).The fictive constructions then are intensified versions of what persona is addressing: the fabrication of a role for particular directions and ends. Characters or personnages are constructed personas for very directed ends. Their limitation to the study of persona as a dimension of public culture is that they are not real; however, when one thinks of the actor who takes on this fictive identity, there is clearly a relationship between the real personality and that of the character. Moreover, as Nayar’s analysis of highly famous characters that are fictitious reveals, these celebrated characters, such as Harry Potter or Wolverine, sometime take on a public presence in and of themselves. To capture this public movement of a fictional character, Nayar blends the terms celebrity with fiction and calls these semi-public/semi-real entities “celefiction”: the characters are famous, highly visible, and move across media, information, and cultural platforms with ease and speed (18-20). Their celebrity status underlines their power to move outside of their primary text into public discourse and through public spaces—an extra-textual movement which fundamentally defines what a celebrity embodies.Seriality has to be seen as fundamental to a personnage’s power of and extension into the public world. For instance with Harry Potter again, at least some of his recognition is dependent on the linking or seriating the related books and movies. Seriality helps organise our sense of affective connection to our popular culture. The familiarity of some element of repetition is both comforting for audiences and provides at least a sense of guarantee or warranty that they will enjoy the future text as much as they enjoyed the past related text. Seriality, though, also produces a myriad of other effects and affects which provides a useful background to understand its utility in both the understanding of character and its value in investigating contemporary public persona. Etymologically, the words “series” and seriality are from the Latin and refer to “succession” in classical usage and are identified with ancestry and the patterns of identification and linking descendants (Oxford English Dictionary). The original use of the seriality highlights its value in understanding the formation of the constitution of person and persona and how the past and ancestry connect in series to the current or contemporary self. Its current usage, however, has broadened metaphorically outwards to identify anything that is in sequence or linked or joined: it can be a series of lectures and arguments or a related mark of cars manufactured in a manner that are stylistically linked. It has since been deployed to capture the production process of various cultural forms and one of the key origins of this usage came from the 19th century novel. There are many examples where the 19th century novel was sold and presented in serial form that are too numerous to even summarise here. It is useful to use Dickens’ serial production as a defining example of how seriality moved into popular culture and the entertainment industry more broadly. Part of the reason for the sheer length of many of Charles Dickens’ works related to their original distribution as serials. In fact, all his novels were first distributed in chapters in monthly form in magazines or newspapers. A number of related consequences from Dickens’ serialisation are relevant to understanding seriality in entertainment culture more widely (Hayward). First, his novel serialisation established a continuous connection to his readers over years. Thus Dickens’ name itself became synonymous and connected to an international reading public. Second, his use of seriality established a production form that was seen to be more affordable to its audience: seriality has to be understood as a form that is closely connected to economies and markets as cultural commodities kneaded their way into the structure of everyday life. And third, seriality established through repetition not only the author’s name but also the name of the key characters that populated the cultural form. Although not wholly attributable to the serial nature of the delivery, the characters such as Oliver Twist, Ebenezer Scrooge or David Copperfield along with a host of other major and minor players in his many books become integrated into everyday discourse because of their ever-presence and delayed delivery over stories over time (see Allen 78-79). In the same way that newspapers became part of the vernacular of contemporary culture, fictional characters from novels lived for years at a time in the consciousness of this large reading public. The characters or personnages themselves became personalities that through usage became a way of describing other behaviours. One can think of Uriah Heep and his sheer obsequiousness in David Copperfield as a character-type that became part of popular culture thinking and expressing a clear negative sentiment about a personality trait. In the twentieth century, serials became associated much more with book series. One of the more successful serial genres was the murder mystery. It developed what could be described as recognisable personnages that were both fictional and real. Thus, the real Agatha Christie with her consistent and prodigious production of short who-dunnit novels was linked to her Belgian fictional detective Hercule Poirot. Variations of these serial constructions occurred in children’s fiction, the emerging science fiction genre, and westerns with authors and characters rising to related prominence.In a similar vein, early to mid-twentieth century film produced the film serial. In its production and exhibition, the film serial was a déclassé genre in its overt emphasis on the economic quality of seriality. Thus, the film serial was generally a filler genre that was interspersed before and after a feature film in screenings (Dixon). As well as producing a familiarity with characters such as Flash Gordon, it was also instrumental in producing actors with a public profile that grew from this repetition. Flash Gordon was not just a character; he was also the actor Buster Crabbe and, over time, the association became indissoluble for audiences and actor alike. Feature film serials also developed in the first half-century of American cinema in particular with child actors like Shirley Temple, Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland often reprising variations of their previous roles. Seriality more or less became the standard form of delivery of broadcast media for most of the last 70 years and this was driven by the economies of production it developed. Whether the production was news, comedy, or drama, most radio and television forms were and are variation of serials. As well as being the zenith of seriality, television serials have been the most studied form of seriality of all cultural forms and are thus the greatest source of research into what serials actually produced. The classic serial that began on radio and migrated to television was the soap opera. Although most of the long-running soap operas have now disappeared, many have endured for more than 30 years with the American series The Guiding Light lasting 72 years and the British soap Coronation Street now in its 64th year. Australian nighttime soap operas have managed a similar longevity: Neighbours is in its 30th year, while Home and Away is in its 27th year. Much of the analyses of soap operas and serials deals with the narrative and the potential long narrative arcs related to characters and storylines. In contrast to most evening television serials historically, soap operas maintain the continuity from one episode to the next in an unbroken continuity narrative. Evening television serials, such as situation comedies, while maintaining long arcs over their run are episodic in nature: the structure of the story is generally concluded in the given episode with at least partial closure in a manner that is never engaged with in the never-ending soap opera serials.Although there are other cultural forms that deploy seriality in their structures—one can think of comic books and manga as two obvious other connected and highly visible serial sources—online and video games represent the other key media platform of serials in contemporary culture. Once again, a “horizon of expectation” (Jauss and De Man 23) motivates the iteration of new versions of games by the industry. New versions of games are designed to build on gamer loyalties while augmenting the quality and possibilities of the particular game. Game culture and gamers have a different structural relationship to serials which at least Denson and Jahn-Sudmann describe as digital seriality: a new version of a game is also imagined to be technologically more sophisticated in its production values and this transformation of the similitude of game structure with innovation drives the economy of what are often described as “franchises.” New versions of Minecraft as online upgrades or Call of Duty launches draw the literal reinvestment of the gamer. New consoles provide a further push to serialisation of games as they accentuate some transformed quality in gameplay, interaction, or quality of animated graphics. Sports franchises are perhaps the most serialised form of game: to replicate new professional seasons in each major sport, the sports game transforms with a new coterie of players each year.From these various venues, one can see the centrality of seriality in cultural forms. There is no question that one of the dimensions of seriality that transcends these cultural forms is its coordination and intersection with the development of the industrialisation of culture and this understanding of the economic motivation behind series has been explored from some of the earliest analyses of seriality (see Hagedorn; Browne). Also, seriality has been mined extensively in terms of its production of the pleasure of repetition and transformation. The exploration of the popular, whether in studies of readers of romance fiction (Radway), or fans of science fiction television (Tulloch and Jenkins; Jenkins), serials have provided the resource for the exploration of the power of the audience to connect, engage and reconstruct texts.The analysis of the serialisation of character—the production of a public personnage—and its relation to persona surprisingly has been understudied. While certain writers have remarked on the longevity of a certain character, such as Vicky Lord’s 40 year character on the soap opera One Life to Live, and the interesting capacity to maintain both complicated and hidden storylines (de Kosnik), and fan audience studies have looked at the parasocial-familiar relationship that fan and character construct, less has been developed about the relationship of the serial character, the actor and a form of twinned public identity. Seriality does produce a patterning of personnage, a structure of familiarity for the audience, but also a structure of performance for the actor. For instance, in a longitudinal analysis of the character of Fu Manchu, Mayer is able to discern how a patterning of iconic form shapes, replicates, and reiterates the look of Fu Manchu across decades of films (Mayer). Similarly, there has been a certain work on the “taxonomy of character” where the serial character of a television program is analysed in terms of 6 parts: physical traits/appearance; speech patterns, psychological traits/habitual behaviours; interaction with other characters; environment; biography (Pearson quoted in Lotz).From seriality what emerges is a particular kind of “type-casting” where the actor becomes wedded to the specific iteration of the taxonomy of performance. As with other elements related to seriality, serial character performance is also closely aligned to the economic. Previously I have described this economic patterning of performance the “John Wayne Syndrome.” Wayne’s career developed into a form of serial performance where the individual born as Marion Morrison becomes structured into a cultural and economic category that determines the next film role. The economic weight of type also constructs the limits and range of the actor. Type or typage as a form of casting has always been an element of film and theatrical performance; but it is the seriality of performance—the actual construction of a personnage that flows between the fictional and real person—that allows an actor to claim a persona that can be exchanged within the industry. Even 15 years after his death, Wayne remained one of the most popular performers in the United States, his status unrivalled in its close definition of American value that became wedded with a conservative masculinity and politics (Wills).Type and typecasting have an interesting relationship to seriality. From Eisenstein’s original use of the term typage, where the character is chosen to fit into the meaning of the film and the image was placed into its sequence to make that meaning, it generally describes the circumscribing of the actor into their look. As Wojcik’s analysis reveals, typecasting in various periods of theatre and film acting has been seen as something to be fought for by actors (in the 1850s) and actively resisted in Hollywood in 1950 by the Screen Actors Guild in support of more range of roles for each actor. It is also seen as something that leads to cultural stereotypes that can reinforce the racial profiling that has haunted diverse cultures and the dangers of law enforcement for centuries (Wojcik 169-71). Early writers in the study of film acting, emphasised that its difference from theatre was that in film the actor and character converged in terms of connected reality and a physicality: the film actor was less a mask and more a sense of “being”(Kracauer). Cavell’s work suggested film over stage performance allowed an individuality over type to emerge (34). Thompson’s semiotic “commutation” test was another way of assessing the power of the individual “star” actor to be seen as elemental to the construction and meaning of the film role Television produced with regularity character-actors where performance and identity became indissoluble partly because of the sheer repetition and the massive visibility of these seriated performances.One of the most typecast individuals in television history was Leonard Nimoy as Spock in Star Trek: although the original Star Trek series ran for only three seasons, the physical caricature of Spock in the series as a half-Vulcan and half-human made it difficult for the actor Nimoy to exit the role (Laws). Indeed, his famous autobiography riffed on this mis-identity with the forceful but still economically powerful title I am Not Spock in 1975. When Nimoy perceived that his fans thought that he was unhappy in his role as Spock, he published a further tome—I Am Spock—that righted his relationship to his fictional identity and its continued source of roles for the previous 30 years. Although it is usually perceived as quite different in its constitution of a public identity, a very similar structure of persona developed around the American CBS news anchor Walter Cronkite. With his status as anchor confirmed in its power and centrality to American culture in his desk reportage of the assassination and death of President Kennedy in November 1963, Cronkite went on to inhabit a persona as the most trusted man in the United States by the sheer gravitas of hosting the Evening News stripped across every weeknight at 6:30pm for the next 19 years. In contrast to Nimoy, Cronkite became Cronkite the television news anchor, where persona, actor, and professional identity merged—at least in terms of almost all forms of the man’s visibility.From this vantage point of understanding the seriality of character/personnage and how it informs the idea of the actor, I want to provide a longer conclusion about how seriality informs the concept of persona in the contemporary moment. First of all, what this study reveals is the way in which the production of identity is overlaid onto any conception of identity itself. If we can understand persona not in any negative formulation, but rather as a form of productive performance of a public self, then it becomes very useful to see that these very visible public blendings of performance and the actor-self can make sense more generally as to how the public self is produced and constituted. My final and concluding examples will try and elucidate this insight further.In 2013, Netflix launched into the production of original drama with its release of House of Cards. The series itself was remarkable for a number of reasons. First among them, it was positioned as a quality series and clearly connected to the lineage of recent American subscription television programs such as The Sopranos, Six Feet Under, Dexter, Madmen, The Wire, Deadwood, and True Blood among a few others. House of Cards was an Americanised version of a celebrated British mini-series. In the American version, an ambitious party whip, Frank Underwood, manoeuvres with ruthlessness and the calculating support of his wife closer to the presidency and the heart and soul of American power. How the series expressed quality was at least partially in its choice of actors. The role of Frank Underwood was played by the respected film actor Kevin Spacey. His wife, Clare, was played by the equally high profile Robin Warren. Quality was also expressed through the connection of the audience of viewers to an anti-hero: a personnage that was not filled with virtue but moved with Machiavellian acuity towards his objective of ultimate power. This idea of quality emerged in many ways from the successful construction of the character of Tony Soprano by James Gandolfini in the acclaimed HBO television series The Sopranos that reconstructed the very conception of the family in organised crime. Tony Soprano was enacted as complex and conflicted with a sense of right and justice, but embedded in the personnage were psychological tropes and scars, and an understanding of the need for violence to maintain influence power and a perverse but natural sense of order (Martin).The new television serial character now embodied a larger code and coterie of acting: from The Sopranos, there is the underlying sense and sensibility of method acting (see Vineberg; Stanislavski). Gandolfini inhabited the role of Tony Soprano and used the inner and hidden drives and motivations to become the source for the display of the character. Likewise, Spacey inhabits Frank Underwood. In that new habitus of television character, the actor becomes subsumed by the role. Gandolfini becomes both over-determined by the role and his own identity as an actor becomes melded to the role. Kevin Spacey, despite his longer and highly visible history as a film actor is overwhelmed by the televisual role of Frank Underwood. Its serial power, where audiences connect for hours and hours, where the actor commits to weeks and weeks of shoots, and years and years of being the character—a serious character with emotional depth, with psychological motivation that rivals the most visceral of film roles—transforms the actor into a blended public person and the related personnage.This blend of fictional and public life is complex as much for the producing actor as it is for the audience that makes the habitus real. What Kevin Spacey/Frank Underwood inhabit is a blended persona, whose power is dependent on the constructed identity that is at source the actor’s production as much as any institutional form or any writer or director connected to making House of Cards “real.” There is no question that this serial public identity will be difficult for Kevin Spacey to disentangle when the series ends; in many ways it will be an elemental part of his continuing public identity. This is the economic power and risk of seriality.One can see similar blendings in the persona in popular music and its own form of contemporary seriality in performance. For example, Eminem is a stage name for a person sometimes called Marshall Mathers; but Eminem takes this a step further and produces beyond a character in its integration of the personal—a real personnage, Slim Shady, to inhabit his music and its stories. To further complexify this construction, Eminem relies on the production of his stories with elements that appear to be from his everyday life (Dawkins). His characterisations because of the emotional depth he inhabits through his rapped stories betray a connection to his own psychological state. Following in the history of popular music performance where the singer-songwriter’s work is seen by all to present a version of the public self that is closer emotionally to the private self, we once again see how the seriality of performance begins to produce a blended public persona. Rap music has inherited this seriality of produced identity from twentieth century icons of the singer/songwriter and its display of the public/private self—in reverse order from grunge to punk, from folk to blues.Finally, it is worthwhile to think of online culture in similar ways in the production of public personas. Seriality is elemental to online culture. Social media encourage the production of public identities through forms of repetition of that identity. In order to establish a public profile, social media users establish an identity with some consistency over time. The everydayness in the production of the public self online thus resembles the production and performance of seriality in fiction. Professional social media sites such as LinkedIn encourage the consistency of public identity and this is very important in understanding the new versions of the public self that are deployed in contemporary culture. However, much like the new psychological depth that is part of the meaning of serial characters such as Frank Underwood in House of Cards, Slim Shady in Eminem, or Tony Soprano in The Sopranos, social media seriality also encourages greater revelations of the private self via Instagram and Facebook walls and images. We are collectively reconstituted as personas online, seriated by the continuing presence of our online sites and regularly drawn to reveal more and greater depths of our character. In other words, the online persona resembles the new depth of the quality television serial personnage with elaborate arcs and great complexity. Seriality in our public identity is also uncovered in the production of our game avatars where, in order to develop trust and connection to friends in online settings, we maintain our identity and our patterns of gameplay. At the core of this online identity is a desire for visibility, and we are drawn to be “picked up” and shared in some repeatable form across what we each perceive as a meaningful dimension of culture. Through the circulation of viral images, texts, and videos we engage in a circulation and repetition of meaning that feeds back into the constancy and value of an online identity. Through memes we replicate and seriate content that at some level seriates personas in terms of humour, connection and value.Seriality is central to understanding the formation of our masks of public identity and is at least one valuable analytical way to understand the development of the contemporary persona. This essay represents the first foray in thinking through the relationship between seriality and persona.ReferencesBarbour, Kim, and P. David Marshall. “The Academic Online Constructing Persona.” First Monday 17.9 (2012).Browne, Nick. “The Political Economy of the (Super)Text.” Quarterly Review of Film Studies 9.3 (1984): 174-82. Cavell, Stanley. “Reflections on the Ontology of Film.” Movie Acting: The Film Reader. Ed. Wojcik and Pamela Robertson. London: Routledge, 2004 (1979). 29-35.Dawkins, Marcia Alesan. “Close to the Edge: Representational Tactics of Eminem.” The Journal of Popular Culture 43.3 (2010): 463-85.De Kosnik, Abigail. “One Life to Live: Soap Opera Storytelling.” How to Watch Television. Ed. Ethan Thompson and Jason Mittell. New York: New York University Press, 2013. 355-63.Denson, Shane, and Andreas Jahn-Sudmann. “Digital Seriality: On the Serial Aesthetics and Practice of Digital Games.” Journal of Computer Game Culture 7.1 (2013): 1-32.Dixon, Wheeler Winston. “Flash Gordon and the 1930s and 40s Science Fiction Serial.” Screening the Past 11 (2011). 20 May 2014.Goffman, Erving. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press, 1973.Hagedorn, Roger “Technology and Economic Exploitation: The Serial as a Form of Narrative Presentation.” Wide Angle 10. 4 (1988): 4-12.Hayward, Jennifer Poole. Consuming Pleasures: Active Audiences and Serial Fictions from Dickens to Soap Opera. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1997.Heinrich, Nathalie. “Personne, Personnage, Personalité: L'acteur a L'ère De Sa Reproductibilité Technique.” Personne/Personnage. Eds. Thierry Lenain and Aline Wiame. Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 2011. 77-101.Jauss, Hans Robert, and Paul De Man. Toward an Aesthetic of Reception. Brighton: Harvester, 1982.Jenkins, Henry. Textual Poachers: Television Fans & Participatory Culture. New York: Routledge, 1992.Jung, C. G., et al. Two Essays on Analytical Psychology. 2nd ed. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1966.Kracauer, Siegfried. “Remarks on the Actor.” Movie Acting, the Film Reader. Ed. Pamela Robertson Wojcik. London: Routledge, 2004 (1960). 19-27.Leonard Nimoy & Pharrell Williams: Star Trek & Creating Spock. Ep. 12. Reserve Channel. December 2013. Lenain, Thierry, and Aline Wiame (eds.). Personne/Personnage. Librairie Philosophiques J. VRIN, 2011.Lotz, Amanda D. “House: Narrative Complexity.” How to Watch TV. Ed. Ethan Thompson and Jason Mittell. New York: New York University Press, 2013. 22-29.Marshall, P. David. “The Cate Blanchett Persona and the Allure of the Oscar.” The Conversation (2014). 4 April 2014.Marshall, P. David “Persona Studies: Mapping the Proliferation of the Public Self.” Journalism 15.2 (2014): 153-70.Marshall, P. David. “Personifying Agency: The Public–Persona–Place–Issue Continuum.” Celebrity Studies 4.3 (2013): 369-71.Marshall, P. David. “The Promotion and Presentation of the Self: Celebrity as Marker of Presentational Media.” Celebrity Studies 1.1 (2010): 35-48.Marshall, P. David. Celebrity and Power: Fame in Contemporary Culture. 2nd Ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014.Martin, Brett. Difficult Men: Behind the Scenes of a Creative Revolution: From The Sopranos and The Wire to Mad Men and Breaking Bad. London: Faber and Faber, 2013.Mayer, R. “Image Power: Seriality, Iconicity and the Mask of Fu Manchu.” Screen 53.4 (2012): 398-417.Nayar, Pramod K. Seeing Stars: Spectacle, Society, and Celebrity Culture. New Delhi; Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 2009.Nimoy, Leonard. I Am Not Spock. Milbrae, California: Celestial Arts, 1975.Nimoy, Leonard. I Am Spock. 1st ed. New York: Hyperion, 1995.Radway, Janice A. Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984.Stanislavski, Constantin. Creating a Role. New York: Routledge, 1989 (1961).Thompson, John O. “Screen Acting and the Commutation Test.” Movie Acting: The Film Reader. Ed. Pamela Robertson Wojcik. London: Routledge, 2004 (1978). 37-48.Tulloch, John, and Henry Jenkins. Science Fiction Audiences: Watching Doctor Who and Star Trek. London; New York: Routledge, 1995.Vineberg, Steve. Method Actors: Three Generations of an American Acting Style. New York; Toronto: Schirmer Books, 1991.Wills, Garry. John Wayne’s America: The Politics of Celebrity. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.Wojcik, Pamela Robertson. “Typecasting.” Movie Acting: The Film Reader. Ed. Pamela Robertson Wojcik. London: Routledge, 2004. 169-89.
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Dang, Khanh N., and Xuan-Tu Tran. "An Adaptive and High Coding Rate Soft Error Correction Method in Network-on-Chips." VNU Journal of Science: Computer Science and Communication Engineering 35, no. 1 (June 2, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1086/vnucsce.218.
Full textAbstract:
The soft error rates per single-bit due to alpha particles in sub-micron technology is expectedly reducedas the feature size is shrinking. On the other hand, the complexity and density of integrated systems are accelerating which demand ecient soft error protection mechanisms, especially for on-chip communication. Using soft error protection method has to satisfy tight requirements for the area and energy consumption, therefore a low complexity and low redundancy coding method is necessary. In this work, we propose a method to enhance Parity Product Code (PPC) and provide adaptation methods for this code. First, PPC is improved as forward error correcting using transposable retransmissions. Then, to adapt with dierent error rates, an augmented algorithm for configuring PPC is introduced. The evaluation results show that the proposed mechanism has coding rates similar to Parity check’s and outperforms the original PPC.Keywords
Error Correction Code, Fault-Tolerance, Network-on-Chip.
References
[1] R. Baumann, Radiation-induced soft errors in advanced semiconductor technologies, IEEETransactions on Device and materials reliability. 5-3 (2005) 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1109/tdmr.2005.853449.[2] N. Seifert, B. Gill, K. Foley, P. Relangi, Multi-cell upset probabilities of 45nm high-k + metal gateSRAM devices in terrestrial and space environments, in: IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium 2008, IEEE, AZ, USA, 2008, pp. 181–186.[3] S. Lee, I. Kim, S. Ha, C.-s. Yu, J. Noh, S. Pae, J. Park, Radiation-induced soft error rate analyses for 14 nmFinFET SRAM devices, in: 2015 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS), IEEE, CA, USA, 2015, pp. 4B–1.[4] R. Hamming, Error detecting and error correcting codes, Bell Labs Tech. J. 29-2 (1950) 147–160. https://www.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1950.tb00463.x.[5] M. Hsiao, A class of optimal minimum odd-weight-column SEC-DED codes, IBMJ. Res. Dev. 14-4 (1970) 395–401. https://www.doi.org/10.1147/rd.144.0395.[6] S. Mittal, M. Inukonda, A survey of techniques for improving error-resilience of dram, Journal ofSystems Architecture. 91-1 (2018) 11–40. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2018.09.004.[7] D. Bertozzi, et al., Error control schemes for on-chip communication links: the energy-reliabilitytradeo, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. 24-6 (2005) 818–831. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2005. 847907.[8] F. Chiaraluce, R. Garello, Extended Hamming product codes analytical performance evaluation for low errorrate applications, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. 3-6 (2004) 2353–2361. https://doi. org/10.1109/twc.2004.837405.[9] R. Pyndiah, Near-optimum decoding of product codes: Block turbo codes, IEEE Transactions onCommunications. 46-8 (1998) 1003–1010. https://www.doi.org/10.1109/26.705396.[10] N. Magen, A. Kolodny, U. Weiser, N. Shamir, Interconnect-power dissipation in a microprocessor,in: Proceedings of the 2004 international workshop on System level interconnect prediction, ACM, Paris,France, 2004, pp. 7–13.[11] K. Dang, X. Tran, Parity-based ECC and Mechanism for Detecting and Correcting Soft Errors in On-ChipCommunication, in: Proceeding of 2018 IEEE 11th International Symposium on EmbeddedMulticore/Many-core Systems-on-Chip, IEEE, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2018, pp. 1–6.[12] L. Saiz-Adalid, et al., MCU tolerance in SRAMs through low-redundancy triple adjacent error correction, IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems. 23-10 (2015) 2332–2336. https://www.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2357476.[13] W. Peterson, D. Brown, Cyclic codes for error detection, Proceedings of the IRE 49-1 (1961)228–235. https://www.doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1961.287814.[14] S. Wicker, V. Bhargava, Reed-Solomon Codes and Their Applications, first ed., JohnWiley and Sons, NJ,USA, 1999.[15] I. Reed, X. Chen, Error-control coding for data networks, first ed., Springer Science and BusinessMedia, New York, 2012.[16] L. Peterson, B. Davie, Computer networks: a systems approach, fifth ed., Elsevier, New York, 2011.[17] K. Dang, et al., Soft-error resilient 3D Network-on-Chip router, in: 2015 IEEE 7thInternational Conference on Awareness Science and Technology (iCAST), China, 2015, pp. 84–90.[18] K. Dang, et al., A low-overhead soft–hard fault-tolerant architecture, design and managementscheme for reliable high-performance many-core 3D-NoC systems, The Journal of Supercomputing.73-6 (2017) 2705–2729. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1951-0.[19] D. Ernst, et al., Razor: A low-power pipeline based on circuit-level timing speculation, in: The36th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, IEEE, CA, USA, 2003, pp. 10–20.[20] H. Mohammed, W. Flayyih, F. Rokhani, Tolerating permanent faults in the input port of the network onchip router, Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications. 9-1 (2019) 1–11. https://www.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea9010011.[21] G. Hubert, L. Artola, D. Regis, Impact of scaling on the soft error sensitivity of bulk, FDSOI and FinFETtechnologies due to atmospheric radiation, Integration, the VLSI journal. 50 (2015) 39–47. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.vlsi.2015.01.003.[22] J.-s. Seo, et al., A 45nm cmos neuromorphic chip with a scalable architecture for learning in networks of spiking neurons, in: 2011 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), IEEE, CA, USA, 2011, pp. 1–4.[23] NanGate Inc., Nangate Open Cell Library 45 nm. http://www.nangate.com, (accessed 16.06.16) (2016).
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Truong, Duc-Tai, Quoc-Tuan Nguyen, and Thai-Mai Thi Dinh. "Performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Based Advanced Encryption Standard." VNU Journal of Science: Computer Science and Communication Engineering 36, no. 1 (June 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1086/vnucsce.240.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, there are a lot of secure communication schemes have been proposed to hide secret contents. In this work, one of the methods deploying encryption to cipher data is represented. The primary object of this project is applying Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in communications based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). This article discusses the security of the method encrypting directly QAM symbols instead of input bit-stream. This leads to improving the security of transmitting data by utilization of authentication key between the mobile and base station. The archived results demonstrate that the performance of the AES-OFDM system is completely acceptable to compare with the criteria for 4G.
Keywords:
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), Authentication Key, Cellular Network, Encryption, Physical Layer, 4G, LTE.
References
[1] M.A. Jessen, “Wireless communication security: Physical-Layer techniques exploiting radio and propagation characteristics”, Wireless Information Technology and Systems (ICWITS), IEEE International Conference, 2012.[2] M. Kim, M. Lee, S. Kim, D. Won, “Weakness and Improvements of a One-time Password Authentication Scheme”, International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, 2009.
[3] Alabaichi, Ashwaq, Salih, Adnan, “Enhance security of advance encryption standard algorithm based on key-dependent S-box”, 2015, pp. 44-53.
[4] S. Xiao, W. Gong, D. Towsley, “Secure Wireless Communication with Dynamic secrets”, IEEE INFOCOM, 2010.[5] N.U. Rehman, L. Zhang, M.Z. Hammad, “ICI cancellation in OFDM system by frequency offset reduction”, Journal of Information Engineering and Applications, 2014.
[6] Nikita Agrawal, Neelesh Gupta, “Security of OFDM through Steganography”, International Journal of Computer Applications 121(20) (2015) 41-43.
[7] A. Al-Dweik, M. Mirahmadi, A. Sharmi, Z. Ding, R. Hamila, “Joint Secured and Robust technique for OFDM systems”, Western University, Canada, IEEE ICC 2013.
[8] G.R. Tsouri, D. Wulich, “Securing OFDM over Wireless Time-varying channel using subcarrier overloading with Joint signal constellations”, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communication and Networking, 2009.
[9] D. Rajaveerappa, A. Almarimi, A., “RSA/Shift secured IFFT/FFT based OFDM wireless system,” Fifth International Conference on Information Assurance and Security, 2009.
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Thao, Nguyen Duc, Nguyen Viet Anh, Le Thanh Ha, and Ngo Thi Duyen. "Robustify Hand Tracking by Fusing Generative and Discriminative Methods." VNU Journal of Science: Computer Science and Communication Engineering 37, no. 1 (February 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1086/vnucsce.261.
Full textAbstract:
With the development of virtual reality (VR) technology and its applications in many fields, creating simulated hands in the virtual environment is an e ective way to replace the controller as well as to enhance user experience in interactive processes. Therefore, hand tracking problem is gaining a lot of research attention, making an important contribution in recognizing hand postures as well as tracking hand motions for VR’s input or human machine interaction applications. In order to create a markerless real-time hand tracking system suitable for natural human machine interaction, we propose a new method that combines generative and discriminative methods to solve the hand tracking problem using a single RGBD camera. Our system removes the requirement of the user having to wear to color wrist band and robustifies the hand localization even in di cult tracking scenarios.
KeywordsHand tracking, generative method, discriminative method, human performance capture
References[1] Malik, A. Elhayek, F. Nunnari, K. Varanasi, Tamaddon, A. Heloir, D. Stricker, Deephps: End-to-end estimation of 3d hand pose and shape by learning from synthetic depth, CoRR abs/1808.09208, 2018.
URL http://arxiv.org/abs/1808.09208.
[2] Glauser, S. Wu, D. Panozzo, O. Hilliges, Sorkine-Hornung, Interactive hand pose estimation using a stretch-sensing soft glove, ACM Trans, Graph. 38(4) (2019) 1-15.[3] Jiang, H. Xia, C. Guo, A model-based system for real-time articulated hand tracking using a simple data glove and a depth camera, Sensors 19 (2019) 4680. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214680.[4] Cao, G. Hidalgo, T. Simon, S. Wei, Y. Sheikh, Openpose: Realtime multi-person 2d pose estimation using part a nity fields, CoRR abs/1812.08008, 2018.[5] Tagliasacchi, M. Schroder, A. Tkach, S. Bouaziz, M. Botsch, M. Pauly, Robust articulated-icp for real-time hand tracking, Computer Graphics Forum 34, 2015.[6] Qian, X. Sun, Y. Wei, X. Tang, J. Sun, Realtime and robust hand tracking from depth, in: The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2014.[7] Tomasi, Petrov, Sastry, 3d tracking = classification + interpolation, in: Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision 2 (2003) 1441-1448.[8] Sharp, C. Keskin, D. Robertson, J. Taylor, J. Shotton, D. Kim, C. Rhemann, I. Leichter, A. Vinnikov, Y. Wei, et al., Accurate, robust, and flexible real-time hand tracking, in: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2015, pp. 3633-3642.[9] Sridhar, F. Mueller, A. Oulasvirta, C. Theobalt, Fast and robust hand tracking using detection-guided optimization, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2015.[10] Oikonomidis, N. Kyriazis, A.A. Argyros, Tracking the articulated motion of two strongly interacting hands, in: 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2012, pp. 1862-1869.[11] Melax, L. Keselman, S. Orsten, Dynamics based 3d skeletal hand tracking, CoRR abs/1705.07640, 2017.[12] Wang, S. Paris, J. Popovic, 6d hands: Markerless hand tracking for computer aided design, 2011, pp. 549-558.
https://doi.org/10.1145/2047196.2047269.[13]Tang, T. Yu, T. Kim, Real-time articulated hand pose estimation using semi-supervised transductive regression forests, in: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 2013, pp. 3224-3231.[14] Oberweger, P. Wohlhart, V. Lepetit, Generalized feedback loop for joint hand-object pose estimation, 2019, CoRR abs/1903.10883. URL http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.10883.[15] Malik, A. Elhayek, F. Nunnari, K. Varanasi, K. Tamaddon, A. Heloir,´ D. Stricker, Deephps: End-to-end estimation of 3d hand pose and shape by learning from synthetic depth, 2018, pp. 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1109/3DV.2018.00023.[16] A. Mohammed, J.L.M. Islam, A deep learning-based end-to-end composite system for hand detection and gesture recognition, Sensors 19 (2019) 5282. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235282.
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Son, Pham Ngoc, Tran Trung Duy, Phuc Quang Truong, Son Ngoc Truong, Pham Viet Tuan, Van-Ca Phan, and Khuong Ho-Van. "Combining Power Allocation and Superposition Coding for an Underlay Two-way Decode-and-forward Scheme." VNU Journal of Science: Computer Science and Communication Engineering 37, no. 1 (February 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1086/vnucsce.253.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we analyze an underlay two-way decode-and-forward scheme in which secondary relays use successive interference cancellation (SIC) technology to decode data of two secondary sources sequentially, and then generate a coded signal by superposition coding (SC) technology, denoted as SIC-SC protocol. The SIC-SC protocol is designed to operate in two time slots under effects from an interference constraint of a primary receiver and residual interference of imperfect SIC processes. Transmit powers provided to carry the data are allocated dynamically according to channel powers of interference and transmission, and a secondary relay is selected from considering strongest channel gain subject to increase in decoding capacity of the first data and decrease in collection time of channel state information. Closed-form outage probability expressions are derived from mathematical manipulations and verified by performing Monte Carlo simulations. An identical scheme of underlay two-way decodeand-forward relaying with random relay selection and fixed power allocations is considered to compare with the proposed SIC-SC protocol, denoted as RRS protocol. Simulation and analysis results show that the non-identical outage performances of the secondary sources in the proposed SIC-SC protocol are improved by increasing the number of the secondary relays and the interference constraint as well as decreasing the residual interference powers. Secondly, the performance of the nearer secondary source is worse than that of the farther secondary source. In addition, the proposed SIC-SC protocol outperforms the RRS comparison protocol, and effect of power allocations through channel powers is discovered. Finally, derived theory values are precise to simulation results.
Keywords:
Successive interference cancellation, superposition coding, power allocation, underlay cognitive radio, non-orthogonal multiple access, outage probability.
References
[1] Popovski, H. Yomo, Physical Network Coding in Two-Way Wireless Relay Channels, presented at 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Glasgow, 2007, pp. 707-712. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2007.121.
[2] Cao, X. Ji, J. Wang, S. Zhang, Y. Ji, J. Wang, Security-Reliability Tradeoff Analysis for Underlay Cognitive Two-Way Relay Networks, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18(12) (2019) 6030-6042. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TWC.2019.2941944.
[3] Mitola, G.Q. Maguire, Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal, IEEE Personal Communications 6(4) (1999) 13-18. https://doi. org /10.1109/98.788210.
[4] M.C. Chu, H. Zepernick, Performance Optimization for Hybrid Two-Way Cognitive Cooperative Radio Networks With Imperfect Spectrum Sensing, IEEE Access 6 (2018) 70582-70596. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2007.121.
[5] Ho-Van, T. Do-Dac, Security Analysis for Underlay Cognitive Network with Energy-Scavenging Capable Relay over Nakagami-m Fading Channels, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 1-16. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2019/5080952.
[6] Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Xing, R. Yu, P. Zhang, W.Wang, Exact Outage Analysis in Cognitive Two-WayRelay Networks With Opportunistic Relay SelectionUnder Primary User’s Interference, IEEE Transactionson Vehicular Technology 64(6) (2015) 2502-2511. https://doi.org/10.1109/2014.2346615.
[7] T. Duy, H.Y. Kong, Exact outage probability of cognitive two-way relaying scheme with opportunistic relay selection under interference constraint, IET Communications 6(16) (2012), 2750-2759. https://doi.org/ 10.1049/iet-com. 2012.0235.
[8] V. Toan, V.N.Q. Bao, Opportunistic relaying for cognitive two-way network with multiple primary receivers over Nakagami-m fading, presented at 2016 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC), Hanoi city, 2016, pp.141-146. https://doi.org/1109/ATC.2016.7764762.
[9] V. Toan, V.N.Q. Bao, H. Nguyen-Le, Cognitive two-way relay systems with multiple primary receivers: exact and asymptotic outage formulation, IET Communications 11(16) (2017) 2490-2497. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2017. 0400.
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[12] Yue, Y. Liu, S. Kang, A. Nallanathan, Y. Chen, Modeling and Analysis of Two-WayRelay Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems, IEEETransactions on Communications 66(9) (2018) 3784-3796. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM. 2018.2816063.
[13] Zou, B. He, H. Jafarkhani, An Analysis of TwoUser Uplink Asynchronous Non-orthogonal MultipleAccess Systems, IEEE Transactions on WirelessCommunications 18(2) (2019) 1404-1418. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2019.2892486.
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Thanh, Le Trung. "LeTrungThanh Optical Biosensors Based on Multimode Interference and Microring Resonator Structures." VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology 34, no. 1 (March 23, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4727.
Full textAbstract:
We review our recent work on optical biosensors based on microring resonators (MRR) integrated with 4x4 multimode interference (MMI) couplers for multichannel and highly sensitive chemical and biological sensors. The proposed sensor structure has advantages of compactness, high sensitivity compared with the reported sensing structures. By using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and numerical simulations, the designs of the sensor based on silicon waveguides are optimized and demonstrated in detail. We applied our structure to detect glucose and ethanol concentrations simultaneously. A high sensitivity of 9000 nm/RIU, detection limit of 2x10-4 for glucose sensing and sensitivity of 6000nm/RIU, detection limit of 1.3x10-5 for ethanol sensing are achieved.
Keywords
Biological sensors, chemical sensors, optical microring resonators, high sensitivity, multimode interference, transfer matrix method, beam propagation method (BPM), multichannel sensor
References
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Claes et al., "Multiplexed Antibody Detection With an Array of Silicon-on-Insulator Microring Resonators," IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 1, pp. 225 - 235, 2009.[12] Daoxin Dai, "Highly sensitive digital optical sensor based on cascaded high-Q ring-resonators," Optics Express, vol. 17, pp. 23817-23822, 2009.[13] Adrián Fernández Gavela, Daniel Grajales García, C. Jhonattan Ramirez et al., "Last Advances in Silicon-Based Optical Biosensors," Sensors, vol. 16, 2016.[14] Xiuyou Han, Yuchen Shao, Xiaonan Han et al., "Athermal optical waveguide microring biosensor with intensity interrogation," Optics Communications, vol. 356, pp. 41-48, 2015.[15] Yao Chen, Zhengyu Li, Huaxiang Yi et al., "Microring resonator for glucose sensing applications," Frontiers of Optoelectronics in China, vol. 2, pp. 304-307, 2009/09/01 2009.[16] Gun-Duk Kim, Geun-Sik Son, Hak-Soon Lee et al., "Integrated photonic glucose biosensor using a vertically coupled microring resonator in polymers," Optics Communications, vol. 281, pp. 4644-4647, 2008.[17] Carlos Errando-Herranz, Farizah Saharil, Albert Mola Romero et al., "Integration of microfluidics with grating coupled silicon photonic sensors by one-step combined photopatterning and molding of OSTE," Optics Express, vol. 21, pp. 21293-21298, 2013.[18] Trung-Thanh Le, "Two-channel highly sensitive sensors based on 4 × 4 multimode interference couplers," Photonic Sensors, vol. 7, pp. 357-364, 2017/12/01 2017.[19] Duy-Tien Le and Trung-Thanh Le, "Coupled Resonator Induced Transparency (CRIT) Based on Interference Effect in 4x4 MMI Coupler," International Journal of Computer Systems (IJCS), vol. 4, pp. 95-98, May 2017.[20] Trung-Thanh Le, "All-optical Karhunen–Loeve Transform Using Multimode Interference Structures on Silicon Nanowires," Journal of Optical Communications, vol. 32, pp. 217-220, 2011.[21] L.B. Soldano and E.C.M. Pennings, "Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging :principles and applications," IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 13, pp. 615-627, Apr 1995.[22] Trung-Thanh Le, Multimode Interference Structures for Photonic Signal Processing: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010.[23] J.M. Heaton and R.M. Jenkins, " General matrix theory of self-imaging in multimode interference(MMI) couplers," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 11, pp. 212-214, Feb 1999 1999.[24] Trung-Thanh Le and Laurence Cahill, "Generation of two Fano resonances using 4x4 multimode interference structures on silicon waveguides," Optics Communications, vol. 301-302, pp. 100-105, 2013.[25] W. Green, R. Lee, and G. DeRose et al., "Hybrid InGaAsP-InP Mach-Zehnder Racetrack Resonator for Thermooptic Switching and Coupling Control," Optics Express, vol. 13, pp. 1651-1659, 2005.[26] Trung-Thanh Le and Laurence Cahill, "The Design of 4×4 Multimode Interference Coupler Based Microring Resonators on an SOI Platform," Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, Poland, pp. 98-102, 2009.[27] Duy-Tien Le, Manh-Cuong Nguyen, and Trung-Thanh Le, "Fast and slow light enhancement using cascaded microring resonators with the Sagnac reflector," Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, vol. 131, pp. 292–301, Feb. 2017.[28] Xiaoping Liang, Qizhi Zhang, and Huabei Jiang, "Quantitative reconstruction of refractive index distribution and imaging of glucose concentration by using diffusing light," Applied Optics, vol. 45, pp. 8360-8365, 2006/11/10 2006.[29] C. Ciminelli, F. Dell’Olio, D. Conteduca et al., "High performance SOI microring resonator for biochemical sensing," Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 59, pp. 60-67, 2014.[30] Trung-Thanh Le, "Two-channel highly sensitive sensors based on 4 × 4 multimode interference couplers," Photonic Sensors, pp. 1-8, DOI: 10.1007/s13320-017-0441-1, 2017.[31] O. A. Marsh, Y. Xiong, and W. N. Ye, "Slot Waveguide Ring-Assisted Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Sensing Applications," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 23, pp. 440-443, 2017.[32] Juejun Hu, Xiaochen Sun, Anu Agarwal et al., "Design guidelines for optical resonator biochemical sensors," Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol. 26, pp. 1032-1041, 2009/05/01 2009.[33] Y. Chen, Y. L. Ding, and Z. Y. Li, "Ethanol Sensor Based on Microring Resonator," Advanced Materials Research, vol. 655-657, pp. 669-672, 2013.[34] Sasikanth Manipatruni, Rajeev K. Dokania, Bradley Schmidt et al., "Wide temperature range operation of micrometer-scale silicon electro-optic modulators," Optics Letters, vol. 33, pp. 2185-2187, 2008.[35] Ming Han and Anbo Wang, "Temperature compensation of optical microresonators using a surface layer with negative thermo-optic coefficient," Optics Letters, vol. 32, pp. 1800-1802, 2007.[36] Kristinn B. Gylfason, Albert Mola Romero, and Hans Sohlström, "Reducing the temperature sensitivity of SOI waveguide-based biosensors," 2012, pp. 84310F-84310F-15.[37] Chun-Ta Wang, Cheng-Yu Wang, Jui-Hao Yu et al., "Highly sensitive optical temperature sensor based on a SiN micro-ring resonator with liquid crystal cladding," Optics Express, vol. 24, pp. 1002-1007, 2016.[38] Feng Qiu, Feng Yu, Andrew M. Spring et al., "Athermal silicon nitride ring resonator by photobleaching of Disperse Red 1-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer," Optics Letters, vol. 37, pp. 4086-4088, 2012.[39] Biswajeet Guha, Bernardo B. C. 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28
Nhu Chi, Tran, Nguyen Thi Thanh Van, and Le Van Chieu. "Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Based on Electrocardiogram Signal and Fuzzy Logic." VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 35, no. 2 (December 17, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4147.
Full textAbstract:
Sokolow – Lyon index in detection of left ventricular hypertrophy is a hard limited index, so the clinical manifestation of the disease can be ignored when the measured index is near the threshold. Several proposed studies incorporate multiple index to improve diagnostic quality. However, the process of examination and diagnosis will be longer due to the need to collect more data. To solve this problem, the paper proposes a method of classifying left ventricular hypertrophy using fuzzy logic combining with digital signal processing techniques. The proposed method mainly uses the Sokolov-Lyon index (SV1+RV5/V6 ≥ 35 mm) for major changes in ECG signal but with four soft thresholds corresponding to the different clinical manifestations of the disease. In addition, a program is written in C++ language with QT Creator compiler also is developed to implement the algorithm. From there, the doctors can refer and propose to the patient's treatment regimen.
Keywords
ECG, left ventricular hypertrophy, signal processing, fuzzy logic.
References
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B2041171009, HARNOTO. "PENGARUH PRAKTEK MSDM TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR (OCB) MELALUI KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI MEDIATOR (STUDI PADA PEGAWAI UPT PPD PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT)." Equator Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship (EJME) 7, no. 4 (August 2, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ejme.v7i4.34535.
Full textAbstract:
Pentingnya membangun OCB tidak lepas dari komitmen karyawan dalam organisasi. Komitmen karyawan akan mendorong terciptanya OCB dan tanpa adanya kontrol yang baik dalam pemberian kompensasi yang sesuai dengan hasil kerja tentunya memperlambat kerja pegawai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh kompensasi dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja dan OCB. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 86 orang. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan kuesioner menggunakan skala likert. Metode analisis data menggunakan Path Analysis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja dan Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap OCB. Kata Kunci : Komitmen Organisasi, Kompensasi, Kepuasan kerja dan OCBDAFTAR PUSTAKA Bangun, Wilson. (2012). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Erlangga. Jakarta. Bernardin, H. John, & Joyce E.A Russel. (2003). 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Thi Quynh, Do, Vu Van Nga, Le Thi Hoa, Le Thi Hong Diem, and Vu Thi Thom. "Applying Framingham Risk Score 2008 to Predict the 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Group of Office Workers in Hanoi, Vietnam." VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 35, no. 1 (June 21, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4164.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Cardiovascular risk assessment is an important step in preventing and treating the disease. The current study assesses the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in 306 VNU’s office workers in 2016-2017 based on the 2008 Framingham Risk Score. The study results show that the average risk score was 4.05 ± 4.76%; low risk was 90.52%; moderate risk: 7.85 %; and high to very high risk was 1.63%. Men have a higher risk score than women (p <0.001). The ten-year cardiovascular risk score shows that age and systolic blood pressure correlated with the risk at a medium level, and cholesterol and HDL correlated with it at a low level.
Keywords
Framingham Risk Score 2008, 10-year cardiovascular risk score, hypertension, blood cholesterol, blood HDL.
References
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Le Hung, Trinh, and Vu Danh Tuyen. "Comparison of Single-channel and Split-window Methods for Estimating Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 8 Data." VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences 35, no. 2 (June 29, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1094/vnuees.4374.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Landsat 8 is the eighth satellite in the Landsat program, which provides images at 11 spectral channels, including 2 thermal infrared bands at a spatial resolution of 100 m (band 10 (10,30÷11,30 µm) and band 11 (11,50÷12,50 µm)). Until now, most studies have used only band 10 of Landsat 8 image to calculate land surface temperature. In this paper, we compare the results of determining a land surface temperature from Landsat 8 thermal infrared data when using a single band (single-channel method) and using both thermal infrared bands (split-window method). 02 Landsat 8 scenes in the dry season 2015 - 2016 in Loc Ninh district (Binh Phuoc province) and Lam Ha district (Lam Dong province) were used to calculate the land surface temperature according to the SC and SW methods. The results obtained in both experiments showed that the land surface temperature, determined from band 10 of Landsat 8 images was significantly higher than using band 11. Meanwhile, the method using both thermal infrared bands of Landsat 8 data (SW method) to calculate land surface temperature has higher accuracy when compared with the method using band 10 or band 11 only (SC method).
Keywords: Landsat 8, thermal infrared, land surface temperature, split-window algorithm, single-channel algorithm.
References:
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Caudwell, Catherine Barbara. "Cute and Monstrous Furbys in Online Fan Production." M/C Journal 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.787.
Full textAbstract:
Image 1: Hasbro/Tiger Electronics 1998 Furby. (Photo credit: Author) Introduction Since the mid-1990s robotic and digital creatures designed to offer social interaction and companionship have been developed for commercial and research interests. Integral to encouraging positive experiences with these creatures has been the use of cute aesthetics that aim to endear companions to their human users. During this time there has also been a growth in online communities that engage in cultural production through fan fiction responses to existing cultural artefacts, including the widely recognised electronic companion, Hasbro’s Furby (image 1). These user stories and Furby’s online representation in general, demonstrate that contrary to the intentions of their designers and marketers, Furbys are not necessarily received as cute, or the embodiment of the helpless and harmless demeanour that goes along with it. Furbys’ large, lash-framed eyes, small, or non-existent limbs, and baby voice are typical markers of cuteness but can also evoke another side of cuteness—monstrosity, especially when the creature appears physically capable instead of helpless (Brzozowska-Brywczynska 217). Furbys are a particularly interesting manifestation of the cute aesthetic because it is used as tool for encouraging attachment to a socially interactive electronic object, and therefore intersects with existing ideas about technology and nonhuman companions, both of which often embody a sense of otherness. This paper will explore how cuteness intersects withand transitions into monstrosity through online representations of Furbys, troubling their existing design and marketing narrative by connecting and likening them to other creatures, myths, and anecdotes. Analysis of narrative in particular highlights the instability of cuteness, and cultural understandings of existing cute characters, such as the gremlins from the film Gremlins (Dante) reinforce the idea that cuteness should be treated with suspicion as it potentially masks a troubling undertone. Ultimately, this paper aims to interrogate the cultural complexities of designing electronic creatures through the stories that people tell about them online. Fan Production Authors of fan fiction are known to creatively express their responses to a variety of media by appropriating the characters, settings, and themes of an original work and sharing their cultural activity with others (Jenkins 88). On a personal level, Jenkins (103) argues that “[i]n embracing popular texts, the fans claim those works as their own, remaking them in their own image, forcing them to respond to their needs and to gratify their desires.” Fan fiction authors are motivated to write not for financial or professional gains but for personal enjoyment and fan recognition, however, their production does not necessarily come from favourable opinions of an existing text. The antifan is an individual who actively hates a text or cultural artefact and is mobilised in their dislike to contribute to a community of others who share their views (Gray 841). Gray suggests that both fan and antifan activity contribute to our understanding of the kinds of stories audiences want: Although fans may wish to bring a text into everyday life due to what they believe it represents, antifans fear or do not want what they believe it represents and so, as with fans, antifan practice is as important an indicator of interactions between the textual and public spheres. (855) Gray reminds that fans, nonfans, and antifans employ different interpretive strategies when interacting with a text. In particular, while fans intimate knowledge of a text reflects their overall appreciation, antifans more often focus on the “dimensions of the moral, the rational-realistic, [or] the aesthetic” (856) that they find most disagreeable. Additionally, antifans may not experience a text directly, but dislike what knowledge they do have of it from afar. As later examples will show, the treatment of Furbys in fan fiction arguably reflects an antifan perspective through a sense of distrust and aversion, and analysing it can provide insight into why interactions with, or indirect knowledge of, Furbys might inspire these reactions. Derecho argues that in part because of the potential copyright violation that is faced by most fandoms, “even the most socially conventional fan fiction is an act of defiance of corporate control…” (72). Additionally, because of the creative freedom it affords, “fan fiction and archontic literature open up possibilities – not just for opposition to institutions and social systems, but also for a different perspective on the institutional and the social” (76). Because of this criticality, and its subversive nature, fan fiction provides an interesting consumer perspective on objects that are designed and marketed to be received in particular ways. Further, because much of fan fiction draws on fictional content, stories about objects like Furby are not necessarily bound to reality and incorporate fantastical, speculative, and folkloric readings, providing diverse viewpoints of the object. Finally, if, as robotics commentators (cf. Levy; Breazeal) suggest, companionable robots and technologies are going to become increasingly present in everyday life, it is crucial to understand not only how they are received, but also where they fit within a wider cultural sphere. Furbys can be seen as a widespread, if technologically simple, example of these technologies and are often treated as a sign of things to come (Wilks 12). The Design of Electronic Companions To compete with the burgeoning market of digital and electronic pets, in 1998 Tiger Electronics released the Furby, a fur-covered, robotic creature that required the user to carry out certain nurturance duties. Furbys expected feeding and entertaining and could become sick and scared if neglected. Through a program that advanced slowly over time regardless of external stimulus, Furbys appeared to evolve from speaking entirely Furbish, their mother tongue, to speaking English. To the user, it appeared as though their interactions with the object were directly affecting its progress and maturation because their care duties of feeding and entertaining were happening parallel to the Furbish to English transition (Turkle, Breazeal, Daste, & Scassellati 314). The design of electronic companions like Furby is carefully considered to encourage positive emotional responses. For example, Breazeal (2002 230) argues that a robot will be treated like a baby, and nurtured, if it has a large head, big eyes, and pursed lips. Kinsella’s (1995) also emphasises cute things need for care as they are “soft, infantile, mammalian, round, without bodily appendages (e.g. arms), without bodily orifices (e.g. mouths), non-sexual, mute, insecure, helpless or bewildered” (226). From this perspective, Furbys’ physical design plays a role in encouraging nurturance. Such design decisions are reinforced by marketing strategies that encourage Furbys to be viewed in a particular way. As a marketing tool, Harris (1992) argues that: cuteness has become essential in the marketplace in that advertisers have learned that consumers will “adopt” products that create, often in their packaging alone, an aura of motherlessness, ostracism, and melancholy, the silent desperation of the lost puppy dog clamoring to be befriended - namely, to be bought. (179) Positioning Furbys as friendly was also important to encouraging a positive bond with a caregiver. The history, or back story, that Furbys were given in the instruction manual was designed to convey their kind, non-threatening nature. Although alive and unpredictable, it was crucial that Furbys were not frightening. As imaginary living creatures, the origin of Furbys required explaining: “some had suggested positioning Furby as an alien, but that seemed too foreign and frightening for little girls. By May, the thinking was that Furbies live in the clouds – more angelic, less threatening” (Kirsner). In creating this story, Furby’s producers both endeared the object to consumers by making it seem friendly and inquisitive, and avoided associations to its mass-produced, factory origins. Monstrous and Cute Furbys Across fan fiction, academic texts, and media coverage there is a tendency to describe what Furbys look like by stringing together several animals and objects. Furbys have been referred to as a “mechanized ball of synthetic hair that is part penguin, part owl and part kitten” (Steinberg), a “cross between a hamster and a bird…” (Lawson & Chesney 34), and “ “owl-like in appearance, with large bat-like ears and two large white eyes with small, reddish-pink pupils” (ChaosInsanity), to highlight only a few. The ambiguous appearance of electronic companions is often a strategic decision made by the designer to avoid biases towards specific animals or forms, making the companion easier to accept as “real” or “alive” (Shibata 1753). Furbys are arguably evidence of this strategy and appear to be deliberately unfamiliar. However, the assemblage, and exaggeration, of parts that describes Furbys also conjures much older associations: the world of monsters in gothic literature. Notice the similarities between the above attempts to describe what Furbys looks like, and a historical description of monsters: early monsters are frequently constructed out of ill-assorted parts, like the griffin, with the head and wings of an eagle combined with the body and paws of a lion. Alternatively, they are incomplete, lacking essential parts, or, like the mythological hydra with its many heads, grotesquely excessive. (Punter & Byron 263) Cohen (6) argues that, metaphorically, because of their strange visual assembly, monsters are displaced beings “whose externally incoherent bodies resist attempts to include them in any systematic structuration. And so the monster is dangerous, a form suspended between forms that threatens to smash distinctions.” Therefore, to call something a monster is also to call it confusing and unfamiliar. Notice in the following fan fiction example how comparing Furby to an owl makes it strange, and there seems to be uncertainty around what Furbys are, and where they fit in the natural order: The first thing Heero noticed was that a 'Furby' appeared to be a childes toy, shaped to resemble a mutated owl. With fur instead of feathers, no wings, two large ears and comical cat paws set at the bottom of its pudding like form. Its face was devoid of fuzz with a yellow plastic beak and too large eyes that gave it the appearance of it being addicted to speed [sic]. (Kontradiction) Here is a character unfamiliar with Furbys, describing its appearance by relating it to animal parts. Whether Furbys are cute or monstrous is contentious, particularly in fan fictions where they have been given additional capabilities like working limbs and extra appendages that make them less helpless. Furbys’ lack, or diminution of parts, and exaggeration of others, fits the description of cuteness, as well as their sole reliance on caregivers to be fed, entertained, and transported. If viewed as animals, Furbys appear physically limited. Kinsella (1995) finds that a sense of disability is important to the cute aesthetic: stubby arms, no fingers, no mouths, huge heads, massive eyes – which can hide no private thoughts from the viewer – nothing between their legs, pot bellies, swollen legs or pigeon feet – if they have feet at all. Cute things can’t walk, can’t talk, can’t in fact do anything at all for themselves because they are physically handicapped. (236) Exploring the line between cute and monstrous, Brzozowska-Brywczynska argues that it is this sense of physical disability that distinguishes the two similar aesthetics. “It is the disempowering feeling of pity and sympathy […] that deprives a monster of his monstrosity” (218). The descriptions of Furbys in fan fiction suggest that they transition between the two, contingent on how they are received by certain characters, and the abilities they are given by the author. In some cases it is the overwhelming threat the Furby poses that extinguishes feelings of care. In the following two excerpts that the revealing of threatening behaviour shifts the perception of Furby from cute to monstrous in ‘When Furbies Attack’ (Kellyofthemidnightdawn): “These guys are so cute,” she moved the Furby so that it was within inches of Elliot's face and positioned it so that what were apparently the Furby's lips came into contact with his cheek “See,” she smiled widely “He likes you.” […] Olivia's breath caught in her throat as she found herself backing up towards the door. She kept her eyes on the little yellow monster in front of her as her hand slowly reached for the door knob. This was just too freaky, she wanted away from this thing. The Furby that was originally called cute becomes a monster when it violently threatens the protagonist, Olivia. The shifting of Furbys between cute and monstrous is a topic of argument in ‘InuYasha vs the Demon Furbie’ (Lioness of Dreams). The character Kagome attempts to explain a Furby to Inuyasha, who views the object as a demon: That is a toy called a Furbie. It's a thing we humans call “CUTE”. See, it talks and says cute things and we give it hugs! (Lioness of Dreams) A recurrent theme in the Inuyasha (Takahashi) anime is the generational divide between Kagome and Inuyasha. Set in feudal-era Japan, Kagome is transported there from modern-day Tokyo after falling into a well. The above line of dialogue reinforces the relative newness, and cultural specificity, of cute aesthetics, which according to Kinsella (1995 220) became increasingly popular throughout the 1980s and 90s. In Inuyasha’s world, where demons and monsters are a fixture of everyday life, the Furby appearance shifts from cute to monstrous. Furbys as GremlinsDuring the height of the original 1998 Furby’s public exposure and popularity, several news articles referred to Furby as “the five-inch gremlin” (Steinberg) and “a furry, gremlin-looking creature” (Del Vecchio 88). More recently, in a review of the 2012 Furby release, one commenter exclaimed: “These things actually look scary! Like blue gremlins!” (KillaRizzay). Following the release of the original Furbys, Hasbro collaborated with the film’s merchandising team to release Interactive ‘Gizmo’ Furbys (image 2). Image 2: Hasbro 1999 Interactive Gizmo (photo credit: Author) Furbys’ likeness to gremlins offers another perspective on the tension between cute and monstrous aesthetics that is contingent on the creature’s behaviour. The connection between Furbys and gremlins embodies a sense of mistrust, because the film Gremlins focuses on the monsters that dwell within the seemingly harmless and endearing mogwai/gremlin creatures. Catastrophic events unfold after they are cared for improperly. Gremlins, and by association Furbys, may appear cute or harmless, but this story tells that there is something darker beneath the surface. The creatures in Gremlins are introduced as mogwai, and in Chinese folklore the mogwai or mogui is a demon (Zhang, 1999). The pop culture gremlin embodied in the film, then, is cute and demonic, depending on how it is treated. Like a gremlin, a Furby’s personality is supposed to be a reflection of the care it receives. Transformation is a common theme of Gremlins and also Furby, where it is central to the sense of “aliveness” the product works to create. Furbys become “wiser” as time goes on, transitioning through “life stages” as they “learn” about their surroundings. As we learn from their origin story, Furbys jumped from their home in the clouds in order to see and explore the world firsthand (Tiger Electronics 2). Because Furbys are susceptible to their environment, they come with rules on how they must be cared for, and the consequences if this is ignored. Without attention and “food”, a Furby will become unresponsive and even ill: “If you allow me to get sick, soon I will not want to play and will not respond to anything but feeding” (Tiger Electronics 6). In Gremlins, improper care manifests in an abrupt transition from cute to monstrous: Gizmo’s strokeable fur is transformed into a wet, scaly integument, while the vacant portholes of its eyes (the most important facial feature of the cute thing, giving us free access to its soul and ensuring its total structability, its incapacity to hold back anything in reserve) become diabolical slits hiding a lurking intelligence, just as its dainty paws metamorphose into talons and its pretty puckered lips into enormous Cheshire grimaces with full sets of sharp incisors. (Harris 185–186) In the Naruto (Kishimoto) fan fiction ‘Orochimaru's World Famous New Year's Eve Party’ (dead drifter), while there is no explicit mention of Gremlins, the Furby undergoes the physical transformation that appears in the films. The Furby, named Sasuke, presumably after the Naruto antagonist Sasuke, and hinting at its untrustworthy nature, undergoes a transformation that mimics that of Gremlins: when water is poured on the Furby, boils appear and fall from its back, each growing into another Furby. Also, after feeding the Furby, it lays eggs: Apparently, it's not a good idea to feed Furbies chips. Why? Because they make weird cocoon eggs and transform into… something. (ch. 5) This sequence of events follows the Gremlins movie structure, in which cute and furry Gizmo, after being exposed to water and fed after midnight, “begins to reproduce, laying eggs that enter a larval stage in repulsive cocoons covered in viscous membranes” (Harris 185). Harris also reminds that the appearance of gremlins comes with understandings of how they should be treated: Whereas cute things have clean, sensuous surfaces that remain intact and unpenetrated […] the anti-cute Gremlins are constantly being squished and disembowelled, their entrails spilling out into the open, as they explode in microwaves and run through paper shredders and blenders. (Harris 186) The Furbys in ‘Orochimaru's World Famous New Year's Eve Party’ meet a similar end: Kuro Furby whined as his brain was smashed in. One of its eyes popped out and rolled across the floor. (dead drifter ch. 6) A horde of mischievous Furbys are violently dispatched, including the original Furby that was lovingly cared for. Conclusion This paper has explored examples from online culture in which different cultural references clash and merge to explore artefacts such as Furby, and the complexities of design, such as the use of ambiguously mammalian, and cute, aesthetics in an effort to encourage positive attachment. Fan fiction, as a subversive practice, offers valuable critiques of Furby that are imaginative and speculative, providing creative responses to experiences with Furbys, but also opening up potential for what electronic companions could become. In particular, the use of narrative demonstrates that cuteness is an unstable aesthetic that is culturally contingent and very much tied to behaviour. As above examples demonstrate, Furbys can move between cute, friendly, helpless, threatening, monstrous, and strange in one story. Cute Furbys became monstrous when they were described as an assemblage of disparate parts, made physically capable and aggressive, and affected by their environment or external stimulus. Cultural associations, such as gremlins, also influence how an electronic animal is received and treated, often troubling the visions of designers and marketers who seek to present friendly, nonthreatening, and accommodating companions. These diverse readings are valuable in understanding how companionable technologies are received, especially if they continue to be developed and made commercially available, and if cuteness is to be used as means of encouraging positive attachment. References Breazeal, Cynthia. Designing Sociable Robots. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002. Brzozowska-Brywczynska, Maja. "Monstrous/Cute: Notes on the Ambivalent Nature of Cuteness." Monsters and the Monstrous: Myths and Metaphors of Enduring Evil. Ed. Niall Scott. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi. 2007. 213 - 28. ChaosInsanity. “Attack of the Killer Furby.” Fanfiction.net, 2008. 20 July 2012. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. “Monster Culture (Seven Theses).” In Monster Theory: Reading Culture, ed. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. 1996. 3 – 25. dead drifter. “Orochimaru's World Famous New Year's Eve Party.”Fanfiction.net, 2007. 4 Mar. 2013. Del Vecchio, Gene. The Blockbuster Toy! How to Invent the Next Big Thing. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing Company. 2003. Derecho, Abigail. “Archontic Literature: A Definition, a History, and Several Theories of Fan Fiction.” In Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet, eds. Karen Hellekson and Kristina Busse. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2006. 6—78. Gremlins. Dir. Joe Dante. Warner Brothers & Amblin Entertainment, 1984. Gray, Jonathan. “Antifandom and the Moral Text.” American Behavioral Scientist 48.7 (2005). 24 Mar. 2014 ‹http://abs.sagepub.com/content/48/7/840.abstract›. Harris, Daniel. “Cuteness.” Salmagundi 96 (1992). 20 Feb. 2014 ‹http://www.jstor.org/stable/40548402›. Inuyasha. Created by Rumiko Takahashi. Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation (YTV) & Sunrise, 1996. Jenkins, Henry. “Star Trek Rerun, Reread, Rewritten: Fan Writing as Textual Poaching.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 5.2 (1988). 19 Feb. 2014 ‹http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15295038809366691#.UwVmgGcdeIU›. Kellyofthemidnightdawn. “When Furbies Attack.” Fanfiction.net, 2006. 6 Oct. 2011. KillaRizzay. “Furby Gets a Reboot for 2012, We Go Hands-On (Video).” Engadget 10 July 2012. 11 Feb. 2014 ‹http://www.engadget.com/2012/07/06/furby-hands-on-video/›. Kinsella, Sharon. “Cuties in Japan.” In Women, Media and Consumption in Japan, eds. Lise Skov and Brian Moeran. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press. 1995. 220–254. Kirsner, Scott. “Moody Furballs and the Developers Who Love Them.” Wired 6.09 (1998). 20 Feb. 2014 ‹http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.09/furby_pr.html›. Kontradiction. “Ehloh the Invincible.” Fanfiction.net, 2002. 20 July 2012. Lawson, Shaun, and Thomas Chesney. “Virtual Pets and Electronic Companions – An Agenda for Inter-Disciplinary Research.” Paper presented at AISB'07: Artificial and Ambient Intelligence. Newcastle upon Tyne: Newcastle University, 2-4 Apr. 2007. ‹http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/patrick.olivier/AISB07/catz-dogz.pdf›.Levy, David. Love and Sex with Robots: The Evolution of Human-Robot Relationships. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2007. Lioness of Dreams. “InuYasha vs the Demon Furbie.” Fanfiction.net, 2003. 19 July 2012. Naruto. Created by Masashi Kishimoto. Shueisha. 1999. Punter, David, and Glennis Byron. The Gothic. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004. Shibata, Takanori. “An Overview of Human Interactive Robots for Psychological Enrichment.” Proceedings of the IEEE 92.11 (2004). 4 Mar. 2011 ‹http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1347456&tag=1›. Steinberg, Jacques. “Far from the Pleading Crowd: Furby's Dad.” The New York Times: Public Lives, 10 Dec. 1998. 20 Nov. 2013 ‹http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/10/nyregion/public-lives-far-from-the-pleading-crowd-furby-s-dad.html?src=pm›. Tiger Electronics. Electronic Furby Instruction Manual. Vernon Hills, IL: Tiger Electronics, 1999. Turkle, Sherry, Cynthia Breazeal, Olivia Daste, and Brian Scassellati. “First Encounters with Kismit and Cog: Children Respond to Relational Artifacts.” In Digital Media: Transformations in Human Communication, eds. Paul Messaris and Lee Humphreys. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2006. 313–330. Wilks, Yorick. Close Engagements with Artificial Companions: Key Social, Psychological and Ethical Design Issues. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. Zhang, Qiong. “About God, Demons, and Miracles: The Jesuit Discourse on the Supernatural in Late Ming China.” Early Science and Medicine 4.1 (1999). 15 Dec. 2013 ‹http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338299x00012›.
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Hagen, Sal. "“Trump Shit Goes into Overdrive”: Tracing Trump on 4chan/pol/." M/C Journal 23, no. 3 (July 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1657.
Full textAbstract:
Content warning: although it was kept to a minimum, this text displays instances of (anti-Semitic) hate speech. During the 2016 U.S. election and its aftermath, multiple journalistic accounts reported on “alt-right trolls” emanating from anonymous online spaces like the imageboard 4chan (e.g. Abramson; Ellis). Having gained infamy for its nihilist trolling subcultures (Phillips, This Is Why) and the loose hacktivist movement Anonymous (Coleman), 4chan now drew headlines because of the alt-right’s “genuinely new” concoction of white supremacy, ironic Internet humour, and a lack of clear leadership (Hawley 50). The alt-right “anons”, as imageboard users call themselves, were said to primarily manifest on the “Politically Incorrect” subforum of 4chan: /pol/. Gradually, a sentiment arose in the titles of several news articles that the pro-Trump “alt-right trolls” had successfully won the metapolitical battle intertwined with the elections (Phillips, Oxygen 5). For instance, articles titled that “trolls” were “The Only True Winners of this Election” (Dewey) or even “Plotting a GOP Takeover” (Stuart).The headlines were as enticing as questionable. As trolling-expert Whitney Phillips headlined herself, the alt-right did not attain political gravity solely through its own efforts but rather was “Conjured Out of Pearl Clutching and Media Attention” (“The Alt-Right”), with news outlets being provoked to criticise, debunk, or sensationalise its trolling activities (Faris et al. 131; Phillips, “Oxygen” 5-6). Even with the right intentions, attempts at denouncement through using vague, structuralist notions–from “alt-right” and “trolls” to “the basket of deplorables” (Robertson) – arguably only strengthened the coherence of those it was meant to disavow (Phillips, Oxygen; Phillips et al.; Marantz). Phillips et al. therefore lamented such generalisations, arguing attributing Trump’s win to vague notions of “4chan”, “alt-right”, or “trolls” actually bestowed an “atemporal, almost godlike power” to what was actually an “ever-reactive anonymous online collective”. Therefore, they called to refrain from making claims about opaque spaces like 4chan without first “plotting the landscape” and “safeguarding the actual record”. Indeed, “when it comes to 4chan and Anonymous”, Phillips et al. warned, “nobody steps in the same river twice”.This text answers the call to map anonymous online groups by engaging with the complexity of testing the muddy waters of the ever-changing and dissimulative 4chan-current. It first argues how anti-structuralist research outlooks can answer to many of the pitfalls arising from this complex task. Afterwards, it traces the word trump as it was used on 4chan/pol/ to problematise some of the above-mentioned media narratives. How did anons consider Trump, and how did the /pol/-current change during the build-up of the 2016 U.S. elections and afterwards?On Researching Masked and Dissimulative ExtremistsWhile potentially playing into the self-imagination of malicious actors (Phillips et al.), the frequent appearance of overblown narratives on 4chan is unsurprising considering the peculiar affordances of imageboards. Imageboards are anonymous – no user account is required to post – and ephemeral – posts are deleted after a certain amount of activity, sometimes after days, sometimes after minutes (Bernstein et al.; Hagen). These affordances complicate studying collectives on imageboards, with the primary reasons being that 1) they prevent insights into user demographics, 2) they afford particularly dissimulative, playful discourse that can rarely be taken at face value (Auerbach; de Zeeuw and Tuters), and 3) the sheer volume of auto-deleted activity means one has to stay up-to-date with a rapid waterfall of subcultural ephemera. Additionally, the person stepping into the muddy waters of the chan-river also changes their gaze over time. For instance, Phillips bravely narrates how she once saw parts of the 4chan-stream as “fun” to only later realise the blatantly racist elements present from the start (“It Wasn’t Just”).To help render legible the changing currents of imageboard activity without relying on vague understandings of the “alt-right”, “trolls”, or “Anonymous”, anti-structuralist research outlooks form a possible answer. Around 1900, sociologists like Gabriel Tarde already argued to refrain from departing from structuralist notions of society and instead let social compositions arise through iterative tracing of minute imitations (11). As described in Bruno Latour’s Reassembling the Social, actor-network theory (ANT) revitalises the Tardean outlook by similarly criticising the notion of the “social” and “society” as distinct, sui-generis entities. Instead, ANT advocates tracing “flat” networks of agency made up of both human and non-human actors (165-72). By tracing actors and describing the emerging network of heterogeneous mediators and intermediaries (105), one can slowly but surely get a sense of collective life. ANT thus takes a page from ethnomethodology, which advocates a similar mapping of how participants of a group produce themselves as such (Garfinkel).For multiple reasons, anti-structuralist approaches like ANT can be useful in tracing elusive anonymous online groups and their changing compositions. First, instead of grasping collectives on imageboards from the outset through structuralist notions, as networked individuals, or as “amorphous and formless entities” (see e.g. Coleman 113-5), it only derives its composition after following where its actors lead. This can result in an empirical and literally objective mapping of their collectivity while refraining from mystifications and non-existent connections–so often present in popular narratives about “trolls” and the “alt-right”. At the same time, it allows prominent self-imaginations and mythologizations – or, in ANT-parlance, “localisations of the global” (Latour 173-190) – rise to the surface whenever they form important actors, which, as we will see, tends to happen on 4chan.Second, ANT offers a useful lens with which to consider how non-human actors can uphold a sense of collectivity within anonymous imageboards. This can include digital objects as part of the infrastructure–e.g. the automatically assigned post numbers having mythical value on 4chan (Beran, It Came From 69)–but also cultural objects like words or memes. Considering 4chan’s anonymity, this focus on objects instead of individuals is partly a necessity: one cannot know the exact amount and flow of users. Still, as this text seeks to show, non-human actors like words or memes can form suitable actors to map the changing collectivity of anonymous imageboard users in the absence of demographic insights.There are a few pitfalls worth noting when conducting ANT-informed research into extremist spaces like 4chan/pol/. The aforementioned ironic and dissimulative rhetoric of anonymous forum culture (de Zeeuw and Tuters) means tracing is complicated by implicit (yet omnipresent) intertextual references undecipherable to the untrained eye. Even worse, when misread or exaggerated, such tracing efforts can play into trolling tactics. This can in turn risk what Phillips calls “giving oxygen” to bigoted narratives by amplifying their presence (“Oxygen”). Since ANT does not prescribe what sort of description is needed (Latour 149), this exposure can be limited and/or critically engaged with by the researcher. Still, it is inevitable that research on extremist collectives adds at least some garbage to already polluted information ecologies (Phillips and Milner 2020), even when “just” letting the actors speak (Venturini). Indeed, this text will unfortunately also show hate speech terms below.These complications of irony and amplification can be somewhat mitigated by mixing ethnographic involvement with computational methods. Together, they can render implicit references explicit while also mapping broad patterns in imitation and preventing singular (misleading) actors from over-dominating the description. When done well, such descriptions do not only have to amplify but can also marginalise and trivialise. An accurate mapping can thereby counter sensationalist media narratives, as long as that is where the actors lead. It because of this potentiality that anti-structuralist tracing of extremist, dissimulative online groups should not be discarded outright.Stopping Momentarily to Test the WatersTo put the above into practice, what follows is a brief case study on the term trump on 4chan/pol/. Instead of following users, here the actor trump is taken an entry point for tracing various assemblages: not only referring to Donald J. Trump as an individual and his actions, but also to how /pol/-anons imagine themselves in relation to Trump. In this way, the actor trump is a fluid one: each of its iterations contains different boundaries and variants of its environment (de Laet and Mol 252). By following these environments, can we make sense of how the delirious 2016 U.S. election cycle played out on /pol/, a space described as the “skeleton key to the rise of Trump” (Beran, 4chan)?To trace trump, I use the 4plebs.com archive, containing almost all posts made on /pol/ between late-2013 and early 2018 (the time of research). I subsequently use two text mining methods to trace various connections between trump and other actors and use this to highlight specific posts. As Latour et al. note, computational methods allow “navigations” (593) of different data points to ensure diverse empirical perspectives, preventing both structuralist “zoomed-out” views and local contexts from over-dominating. Instead of moving between micro and macro views, such a navigation should therefore be understood as a “circulation” around the data, deploying various perspectives that each assemble the actors in a different way. In following this, the case study aims to demonstrate how, instead of a lengthy ethnographic account, a brief navigation using both quali- and quantitative perspectives can quickly demystify some aspects of seemingly nebulous online groups.Tracing trump: From Meme-Wizard to Anti-Semitic TargetTo get a sense of the centrality of Trump on /pol/, I start with post frequencies of trump assembled in two ways. The first (Figure 1) shows how, soon after the announcement of Trump’s presidential bid on 16 June 2015, around 100,000 comments mention the word (2% of the total amount of posts). The frequencies spike to a staggering 8% of all comments during the build-up to Trump’s win of the Republican nomination in early 2016 and presidential election in November 2016. Figure 1: The absolute and relative amount of posts on 4chan/pol/ containing the word trump (prefixes and suffixes allowed).To follow the traces between trump and the more general discourse surrounding it, I compiled a more general “trump-dense threads” dataset. These are threads containing thirty or more posts, with at least 15% of posts mentioning trump. As Figure 2 shows, at the two peaks, 8% of any thread on /pol/ was trump-dense, accounting for approximately 15,000 monthly threads. While Trump’s presence is unsurprising, these two views show just how incredibly central the former businessman was to /pol/ at the time of the 2016 U.S. election. Figure 2: The absolute and relative amount of threads on 4chan/pol/ that are “trump-dense”, meaning they have thirty comments or more, out of which at least 15% contain the word trump (prefixes and suffixes allowed).Instead of picking a certain moment from these aggregate overviews and moving to the “micro” (Latour et al.), I “circulate” further with Figure 3, showing another perspective on the trump-dense thread dataset. It shows a scatter plot of trump-dense threads grouped per week and plotted according to how similar their vocabulary is. First, all the words per week are weighted with tf-idf, a common information retrieval algorithm that scores units on the basis if they appear a lot in one of the datasets but not in others (Spärck-Jones). The document sets are then plotted according to the similarity of their weighted vocabulary (cosine similarity). The five highest-scoring terms for the five clusters (identified with K-means) are listed in the bottom-right corner. For legibility, the scatterplot is compressed by the MDS algorithm. To get a better sense of specific vocabulary per week, terms that appeared in all weeks are filtered out (like trump or hillary). Read counterclockwise, the nodes roughly increase in time, thus showing a clear temporal change of discourse, with the first clusters being more similar in vocabulary than the last, and the weeks before and after the primary election (orange cluster) showing a clear gap. Figure 3: A scatterplot showing cosine distances between tf-idf weighted vocabularies of trump-dense threads per week. Compressed with MDS and coloured by five K-means clusters on the underlying tf-idf matrix (excluding terms that appeared in all weeks). Legend shows the top five tf-idf terms within these clusters. ★ denotes the median week in the cluster.With this map, we can trace other words appearing around trump as significant actors in the weekly documents. For instance, Trump-supportive words like stump (referring to “Can’t Stump the Trump”) and maga (“Make America Great Again”) are highly ranked in the first two clusters. In later weeks, less clearly pro-Trump terms appear: drumpf reminds of the unattractive root of the Trump family name, while impeached and mueller show the Russia probe in 2017 and 2018 were significant in the trump-dense threads of that time. This change might thus hint at growing scepticism towards Trump after his win, but it is not shown how these terms are used. Fortunately, the scatterplot offers a rudder with which to navigate to further perspectives.In keeping with Latour’s advice to keep “aggregate structures” and “local contexts” flat (165-72), I contrast the above scatterplot with a perspective on the data that keeps sentence structures intact instead of showing abstracted keyword sets. Figure 4 uses all posts mentioning trump in the median weeks of the first and last clusters in the scatterplot (indicated with ★) and visualises word trees (Wattenberg and Viégas) of most frequent words following “trump is a”. As such, they render explicit ontological associations about Trump; what is Trump, according to /pol/-anons? The first word tree shows posts from 2-8 November 2015, when fifteen Republican competitors were still in the race. As we have seen in Figure 1, Trump was in this month still “only” mentioned in around 50,000 posts (2% of the total). This word tree suggests his eventual nomination was at this point seen as an unlikely and even undesirable scenario, showing derogatory associations like retard and failure, as well as more conspiratorial words like shill, fraud, hillary plant, and hillary clinton puppet. Notably, the most prominent association, meme, and others like joke and fucking comic relief, imply Trump was not taken too seriously (see also Figure 5). Figure 4: Word trees of words following “trump is a” in the median weeks of the first and last clusters of the scatterplot. Made with Jason Davies’s Word Tree application. Figure 5: Anons who did not take Trump seriously. Screencapture taken from archive.4plebs.org (see post 1 and post 2 in context).The first word tree contrast dramatically with the one from the last median week from 18 to 24 December 2017. Here, most associations are anti-Semitic or otherwise related to Judaism, with trump most prominently related to the hate speech term kike. This prompts several questions: did /pol/ become increasingly anti-Semitic? Did already active users radicalise, or were more anti-Semites drawn to /pol/? Or was this nefarious current always there, with Trump merely drawing anti-Semitic attention after he won the election? Although the navigation did not depart from a particular critical framework, by “just following the actors” (Venturini), it already stumbled upon important questions related to popular narratives on 4chan and the alt-right. While it is tempting to stop here and explain the change as “radicalisation”, the navigation should continue to add more empirical perspectives. When doing so, the more plausible explanation is that the unlikely success of Trump briefly attracted (relatively) more diverse and playful visitors to /pol/, obscuring the presence and steady growth of overt extremists in the process.To unpack this, I first focus on the claim that a (relatively) diverse set of users flocked to /pol/ because of the Trump campaign. /pol/’s overall posting activity rose sharply during the 2016 election, which can point to already active users becoming more active, but is likely mostly caused by new users flocking to /pol/. Indeed, this can be traced in actor language. For instance, many anons professed to be “reporting in” from other 4chan boards during crucial moments in the campaing. One of the longest threads in the trump-dense threads dataset (4,504 posts) simply announces “Cruz drops out”. In the comments below, multiple anons state they arrived from other boards to join the Trump-infused activity. For instance, Figure 6 shows an anon replying “/v/ REPORTING IN”, to which sixty other users reacted by similarly affirming themselves as representatives from other boards (e.g. “/mu/ here. Ready to MAGA”). While but another particular view, this implies Trump’s surprising nomination stimulated a crowd-like gathering of different anons jumping into the vortex of trump-related activity on /pol/. Figure 6: Replies by outside-anons “reporting in” the sticky thread announcing Ted Cruz's drop out, 4 May 2016. Screenshots taken from 4plebs.org (see post 1 and post 2 in context).Other actor-language further expresses Trump’s campaign “drew in” new and unadjusted (or: less extreme) users. Notably, many anons claimed the 2016 election led to an “invasion of Reddit users”. Figure 7 shows one such expression: an annotated timeline of /pol/’s posting activity graph (made by 4plebs), posted to /pol/ on 26 February 2016 and subsequently reposted 34 times. It interprets 2016 as a period where “Trump shit goes into overdrive, meme shit floods /pol/, /pol/ is now reddit”. Whether these claims hold any truth is difficult to establish, but the image forms an interesting case of how the entirety “/pol/” is imagined and locally articulated. Such simplistic narratives relate to what Latour calls “panoramas”: totalising notions of some imagined “whole” (188-90) that, while not to be “confused with the collective”, form crucial data since they express how actors understand their own composition (190). Especially in the volatile conditions of anonymous and ephemeral imageboards, repeated panoramic narratives can help in constructing a sense of cohesion–and thereby also form interesting actors to trace. Indeed, following the panoramic statement “/pol/ is now reddit”, other gatekeeping-efforts are not hard to find. For instance, phrases urging other anons to go “back to reddit” (occurring in 19,069 posts in the total dataset) or “back to The_Donald” (a popular pro-Trump subreddit, 1,940 posts) are also particularly popular in the dataset. Figure 7: An image circulated on /pol/ lamenting that "/pol/ is now reddit" by annotating 4plebs’s posting metrics. Screenshot taken from archive.4plebs.org (see posts).Did trump-related activity on /pol/ indeed become more “meme-y” or “Reddit-like” during the election cycle, as the above panorama articulates? The activity in the trump-dense threads seems to suggest so. Figure 8 again uses the tf-idf terms from these threads, but here with the columns denoting the weeks and the rows the top scoring tf-idf terms of their respective week. To highlight relevant actors, all terms are greyed out (see the unedited sheet here), except for several keywords that indicate particularly playful or memetic vernacular: the aforementioned stump, emperor, referring to Trump’s nickname as “God Emperor”; energy, referring to “high energy”, a common catchphrase amongst Trump supporters; magic, referring to “meme magic”, the faux-ironic belief that posting memes affects real-life events; and pepe, the infamous cartoon frog. In both the tf-idf ranking and the absolute frequencies, these keywords flourish in 2016, but disappear soon after the presidential election passes. The later weeks in 2017 and 2018 rarely contain similarly playful and memetic terms, and if they do, suggest mocking discourse regarding Trump (e.g. drumpf). This perspective thus pictures the environment around trump in the run-up to the election as a particularly memetic yet short-lived carnival. At least from this perspective, “meme shit” thus indeed seemed to have “flooded /pol/”, but only for a short while. Figure 8: tf-idf matrix of trump-dense threads, columns denoting weeks and rows denoting the top hundred most relevant terms per week. Download the full tf-idf matrix with all terms here.Despite this carnivalesque activity, further perspectives suggest it did not go at the expense of extremist activity on /pol/. Figure 9 shows the absolute and relative counts of the word "jew" and its derogatory synonym "kike". Each of these increases from 2015 onwards. As such, it seems to align with claims that Trump’s success and /pol/ becoming increasingly extremist were causally related (Thompson). However, apart from possibly confusing correlation with causation, the relative presence remains fairly stable, even slightly decreasing during the frenzy of the Trump campaign. Since we also saw Trump himself become a target for anti-Semitic activity, these trendlines rather imply /pol/’s extremist current grew proportionally to the overall increase in activity, and increased alongside but not but necessarily as a partisan contingent as a result of Trump’s campaign. Figure 9: The absolute and relative frequency of the terms "jew" and "kike" on 4chan/pol/.ConclusionCombined, the above navigation implies two main changes in 4chan/pol/’s trump-related current. First, the climaxes of the 2016 Republican primaries and presidential elections seem to have invoked crowd-like influxes of (relatively) heterogeneous users joining the Trump-delirium, marked by particularly memetic activity. Second, /pol/ additionally seemed to have formed a welcoming hotbed for anti-Semites and other extremists, as the absolute amount of (anti-Semitic) hate speech increased. However, while already-present and new users might have been energised by Trump, they were not necessarily loyal to him, as professed by the fact that Trump himself eventually became a target. Together with the fact that anti-Semitic hate speech stayed relatively consistent, instead of being “countercultural” (Nagle) or exclusively pro-Trump, /pol/ thus seems to have been composed of quite a stable anti-Semitic and Trump-critical contingent, increasing proportionally to /pol/’s general growth.Methodologically, this text sought to demonstrate how a brief navigation of trump on 4chan/pol/ can provide provisional yet valuable insights regarding continuously changing current of online anonymous collectives. As the cliché goes, however, this brief exploration has left more many questions, or rather, it did not “deploy the content with all its connections” (Latour 147). For instance, I have not touched on how many of the trump-dense threads are distinctly separated and pro-Trump “general threads” (Jokubauskaitė and Peeters). Considering the vastness of such tasks, the necessity remains to find appropriate ways to “accurately map” the wild currents of the dissimulative Web–despite how muddy they might get.NoteThis text is a compressed and edited version of a longer MA thesis available here.ReferencesAbramson, Seth. “Listen Up, Progressives: Here’s How to Deal with a 4Chan (“Alt-Right”) Troll.” Medium, 2 May 2017. <https://medium.com/@Seth_Abramson/listen-up-progressives-heres-how-to-deal-with-a-4chan-alt-right-troll-48594f59a303>.Auerbach, David. “Anonymity as Culture: Treatise.” Triple Canopy, n.d. 22 June 2020 <https://www.canopycanopycanopy.com/contents/anonymity_as_culture__treatise>.Beran, Dale. “4chan: The Skeleton Key to the Rise of Trump”. Medium, 14 Feb. 2017. <https://medium.com/@DaleBeran/4chan-the-skeleton-key-to-the-rise-of-trump-624e7cb798cb>.Beran, Dale. It Came from Something Awful: How a Toxic Troll Army Accidentally Memed Donald Trump into Office. 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Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015.———. “The Alt-Right Was Conjured Out of Pearl Clutching and Media Attention.” Motherboard, 12 Oct. 2016 <https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/jpgaeb/conjuring-the-alt-right>.———. “The Oxygen of Amplification: Better Practices for Reporting on Extremists, Antagonists, and Manipulators Online.” Data & Society, 2018. <https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/1_PART_1_Oxygen_of_Amplification_DS.pdf>.———. “It Wasn’t Just the Trolls: Early Internet Culture, ‘Fun,’ and the Fires of Exclusionary Laughter.” Social Media + Society (2019). <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2056305119849493>.Phillips, Whitney, Gabriella Coleman, and Jessica Beyer. “Trolling Scholars Debunk the Idea That the Alt-Right’s Shitposters Have Magic Powers.” Motherboard, 22 Mar. 2017. <https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/z4k549/trolling-scholars-debunk-the-idea-that-the-alt-rights-trolls-have-magic-powers>.Robertson, Adi. “Hillary Clinton Exposing Pepe the Frog Is the Death of Explainers.” The Verge, 15 Sep. 2016. <https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/15/12926976/hillary-clinton-trump-pepe-the-frog-alt-right-explainer>.Spärck Jones, Karen. “A Statistical Interpretation of Term Specificity and its Application in Retrieval.” Journal of Documentation 28.1 (1972): 11-21.Stuart, Tessa. “Inside the DeploraBall: The Trump-Loving Trolls Plotting a GOP Takeover.” Rolling Stone, 20 Jan. 2017. <https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/inside-the-deploraball-the-trump-loving-trolls-plotting-a-gop-takeover-128128/>.Tarde, Gabriel. 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Full textAbstract:
Few epidemiological studies have discussed the gender-specific prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We aimed to investigate the gender-specific prevalence of IHD among Saudi patients visiting the emergency department and if it is affected by diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension. Three hundred patients were recruited from Prince Sultan Cardiac Center in Al Ahsa, KSA. Hypertension was identified as systolic pressure equal to or more than 140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure equal to or more than 90 mmHg or by the patient currently being on antihypertensive medication, and coronary artery disease (CAD) was diagnosed by electrocardiogram, cardiac markers, cardiac exercise testing or coronary angiography. Hypertension was found in 80% of males and 72% of females. A significantly higher rate of diabetes was noted in females (62%) compared to males (48%) (p<0.012). Co-existing diabetes and hypertension was found in 70% of females as compared to 38% of males. The occurrence of IHD in males was significantly higher than that in females (p<0.001). However, the incidence of myocardial infarction was greater in females (52%) compared to males (38%) (p<0.035). Co-existing hypertension and diabetes may affect the gender prevalence of myocardial infarction among emergency department patients, with more infarctions being noted among females. This finding helps to guide the treatment strategy for both genders.
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Chavdarov, Anatoliy V. "Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 Journal > Special Issue > Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 > Page 5 “Quantative Methods in Modern Science” organized by Academic Paper Ltd, Russia MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS GAGEA SALISB., GROWING IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION Authors: Zhamal T. Igissinova,Almash A. Kitapbayeva,Anargul S. Sharipkhanova,Alexander L. Vorobyev,Svetlana F. Kolosova,Zhanat K. Idrisheva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00041 Abstract: Due to ecological preferences among species of the genus GageaSalisb, many plants are qualified as rare and/or endangered. Therefore, the problem of rational use of natural resources, in particular protection of early spring plant species is very important. However, literary sources analysis only reveals data on the biology of species of this genus. The present research,conducted in the spring of 2017-2019, focuses on anatomical and morphological features of two Altai species: Gagealutea and Gagea minima; these features were studied, clarified and confirmed by drawings and photographs. The anatomical structure of the stem and leaf blade was studied in detail. The obtained research results will prove useful for studies of medicinal raw materials and honey plants. The aforementioned species are similar in morphological features, yet G. minima issmaller in size, and its shoots appear earlier than those of other species Keywords: Flora,gageas,Altai species,vegetative organs., Refference: I. Atlas of areas and resources of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan.Almaty, 2008. II. Baitenov M.S. Flora of Kazakhstan.Almaty: Ġylym, 2001. III. DanilevichV. G. ThegenusGageaSalisb. of WesternTienShan. PhD Thesis, St. Petersburg,1996. IV. EgeubaevaR.A., GemedzhievaN.G. The current state of stocks of medicinal plants in some mountain ecosystems of Kazakhstan.Proceedings of the international scientific conference ‘”Results and prospects for the development of botanical science in Kazakhstan’, 2002. V. Kotukhov Yu.A. New species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) from Southern Altai. Bot. Journal.1989;74(11). VI. KotukhovYu.A. ListofvascularplantsofKazakhstanAltai. Botan. Researches ofSiberiaandKazakhstan.2005;11. VII. KotukhovYu. The current state of populations of rare and endangered plants in Eastern Kazakhstan. Almaty: AST, 2009. VIII. Kotukhov Yu.A., DanilovaA.N., AnufrievaO.A. Synopsisoftheonions (AlliumL.) oftheKazakhstanAltai, Sauro-ManrakandtheZaisandepression. BotanicalstudiesofSiberiaandKazakhstan. 2011;17: 3-33. IX. Kotukhov, Yu.A., Baytulin, I.O. Rareandendangered, endemicandrelictelementsofthefloraofKazakhstanAltai. MaterialsoftheIntern. scientific-practical. conf. ‘Sustainablemanagementofprotectedareas’.Almaty: Ridder, 2010. X. Krasnoborov I.M. et al. The determinant of plants of the Republic of Altai. Novosibirsk: SB RAS, 2012. XI. Levichev I.G. On the species status of Gagea Rubicunda. Botanical Journal.1997;6:71-76. XII. Levichev I.G. A new species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal. 2000;7: 186-189. XIII. Levichev I.G., Jangb Chang-gee, Seung Hwan Ohc, Lazkovd G.A.A new species of genus GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) from Kyrgyz Republic (Western Tian Shan, Chatkal Range, Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve). Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity.2019; 12: 341-343. XIV. Peterson A., Levichev I.G., Peterson J. Systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae) and infrageneric classification of Gagea based on molecular and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2008; 46. XV. Peruzzi L., Peterson A., Tison J.-M., Peterson J. Phylogenetic relationships of GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) in Italy, inferred from molecular and morphological data matrices. Plant Systematics and Evolution; 2008: 276. XVI. Rib R.D. Honey plants of Kazakhstan. Advertising Digest, 2013. XVII. Scherbakova L.I., Shirshikova N.A. Flora of medicinal plants in the vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Collection of materials of the scientific-practical conference ‘Unity of Education, Science and Innovation’. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2011. XVIII. syganovA.P. PrimrosesofEastKazakhstan. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2001. XIX. Tsyganov A.P. Flora and vegetation of the South Altai Tarbagatay. Berlin: LAP LAMBERT,2014. XX. Utyasheva, T.R., Berezovikov, N.N., Zinchenko, Yu.K. ProceedingsoftheMarkakolskStateNatureReserve. Ust-Kamenogorsk, 2009. XXI. Xinqi C, Turland NJ. Gagea. Flora of China.2000;24: 117-121. XXII. Zarrei M., Zarre S., Wilkin P., Rix E.M. Systematic revision of the genus GageaSalisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran.BotJourn Linn Soc.2007;154. XXIII. Zarrei M., Wilkin P., Ingroille M.J., Chase M.W. A revised infrageneric classification for GageaSalisb. (Tulipeae; Liliaceae): insights from DNA sequence and morphological data.Phytotaxa.2011:5. View | Download INFLUENCE OF SUCCESSION CROPPING ON ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NO-TILL CROP ROTATIONS Authors: Victor K. Dridiger,Roman S. Stukalov,Rasul G. Gadzhiumarov,Anastasiya A. Voropaeva,Viktoriay A. Kolomytseva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00042 Abstract: This study was aimed at examining the influence of succession cropping on the economic efficiency of no-till field crop rotations on the black earth in the zone of unstable moistening of the Stavropol krai. A long-term stationary experiment was conducted to examine for the purpose nine field crop rotation patterns different in the number of fields (four to six), set of crops, and their succession in crop rotation. The respective shares of legumes, oilseeds, and cereals in the cropping pattern were 17 to 33, 17 to 40, and 50 to 67 %. It has been established that in case of no-till field crop cultivation the economic efficiency of plant production depends on the set of crops and their succession in rotation. The most economically efficient type of crop rotation is the soya-winter wheat-peas-winter wheat-sunflower-corn six-field rotation with two fields of legumes: in this rotation 1 ha of crop rotation area yields 3 850 grain units per ha at a grain unit prime cost of 5.46 roubles; the plant production output return and profitability were 20,888 roubles per ha and 113 %, respectively. The high production profitabilities provided by the soya-winter wheat-sunflower four-field and the soya-winter-wheat-sunflower-corn-winter wheat five-field crop rotation are 108.7 and 106.2 %, respectively. The inclusion of winter wheat in crop rotation for two years in a row reduces the second winter wheat crop yield by 80 to 100 %, which means a certain reduction in the grain unit harvesting rate to 3.48-3.57 thousands per ha of rotation area and cuts the production profitability down to 84.4-92.3 %. This is why, no-till cropping should not include winter wheat for a second time Keywords: No-till technology,crop rotation,predecessor,yield,return,profitability, Refference: I Badakhova G. Kh. and Knutas A. V., Stavropol Krai: Modern Climate Conditions [Stavropol’skiykray: sovremennyyeklimaticheskiyeusloviya]. Stavropol: SUE Krai Communication Networks, 2007. II Cherkasov G. N. and Akimenko A. S. Scientific Basis of Modernization of Crop Rotations and Formation of Their Systems according to the Specializations of Farms in the Central Chernozem Region [Osnovy moderniz atsiisevooborotoviformirovaniyaikh sistem v sootvetstvii so spetsi-alizatsiyeykhozyaystvTsentral’nogoChernozem’ya]. Zemledelie. 2017; 4: 3-5. III Decree 330 of July 6, 2017 the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia “On Approving Coefficients of Converting to Agricultural Crops to Grain Units [Ob utverzhdeniikoeffitsiyentovperevoda v zernovyyee dinitsysel’s kokhozyaystvennykhkul’tur]. IV Dridiger V. K., About Methods of Research of No-Till Technology [O metodikeissledovaniytekhnologii No-till]//Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC (Dostizheniyanaukiitekhniki APK). 2016; 30 (4): 30-32. V Dridiger V. K. and Gadzhiumarov R. G. Growth, Development, and Productivity of Soya Beans Cultivated On No-Till Technology in the Zone of Unstable Moistening of Stavropol Region [Rost, razvitiyeiproduktivnost’ soiprivozdelyvaniipotekhnologii No-till v zone ne-ustoychivog ouvlazhneniyaStavropol’skogokraya]//Oil Crops RTBVNIIMK (Maslichnyyekul’turyNTBVNIIMK). 2018; 3 (175): 52–57. VI Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Eroshenko F. V., Stukalov R. S., Gadzhiumarov, R. G., Effekt of No-till Technology on erosion resistance, the population of earthworms and humus content in soil (Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till naprotivoerozionnuyuustoychivost’, populyatsiyudozhdevykhcherveyisoderzhaniyegumusa v pochve)//Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2018; 9 (2): 766-770. VII Karabutov A. P., Solovichenko V. D., Nikitin V. V. et al., Reproduction of Soil Fertility, Productivity and Energy Efficiency of Crop Rotations [Vosproizvodstvoplodorodiyapochv, produktivnost’ ienergeticheskayaeffektivnost’ sevooborotov]. Zemledelie. 2019; 2: 3-7. VIII Kulintsev V. V., Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Kovtun V. I., Zhukova M. P., Effekt of No-till Technology on The Available Moisture Content and Soil Density in The Crop Rotation [Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till nasoderzhaniyedostupnoyvlagiiplotnost’ pochvy v sevoob-orote]// Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2017; 8 (6): 795-99. IX Kulintsev V. V., Godunova E. I., Zhelnakova L. I. et al., Next-Gen Agriculture System for Stavropol Krai: Monograph [SistemazemledeliyanovogopokoleniyaStavropol’skogokraya: Monogtafiya]. Stavropol: AGRUS Publishers, Stavropol State Agrarian University, 2013. X Lessiter Frank, 29 reasons why many growers are harvesting higher no-till yields in their fields than some university scientists find in research plots//No-till Farmer. 2015; 44 (2): 8. XI Rodionova O. A. Reproduction and Exchange-Distributive Relations in Farming Entities [Vosproizvodstvoiobmenno-raspredelitel’nyyeotnosheniya v sel’skokhozyaystvennykhorganizatsiyakh]//Economy, Labour, and Control in Agriculture (Ekonomika, trud, upravleniye v sel’skomkhozyaystve). 2010; 1 (2): 24-27. XII Sandu I. S., Svobodin V. A., Nechaev V. I., Kosolapova M. V., and Fedorenko V. F., Agricultural Production Efficiency: Recommended Practices [Effektivnost’ sel’skokhozyaystvennogoproizvodstva (metodicheskiyerekomendatsii)]. Moscow: Rosinforagrotech, 2013. XIII Sotchenko V. S. Modern Corn Cultivation Technologies [Sovremennayatekhnologiyavozdelyvaniya]. Moscow: Rosagrokhim, 2009. View | Download DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AUTONOMOUS PORTABLE SEISMOMETER DESIGNED FOR USE AT ULTRALOW TEMPERATURES IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Authors: Mikhail A. Abaturov,Yuriy V. Sirotinskiy, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00043 Abstract: This paper is concerned with solving one of the issues of the general problem of designing geophysical equipment for the natural climatic environment of the Arctic. The relevance of the topic has to do with an increased global interest in this region. The paper is aimed at considering the basic principles of developing and the procedure of testing seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. In this paper the indicated issue is considered through the example of a seismic module designed for petroleum and gas exploration by passive seismoacoustic methods. The seismic module is a direct-burial portable unit of around 5 kg in weight, designed to continuously measure and record microseismic triaxial orthogonal (ZNE) noise in a range from 0.1 to 45 Hz during several days in autonomous mode. The functional chart of designing the seismic module was considered, and concrete conclusions were made for choosing the necessary components to meet the ultralow-temperature operational requirements. The conclusions made served for developing appropriate seismic module. In this case, the components and tools used included a SAFT MP 176065 xc low-temperature lithium cell, industrial-spec electronic component parts, a Zhaofeng Geophysical ZF-4.5 Chinese primary electrodynamic seismic sensor, housing seal parts made of frost-resistant silicone materials, and finely dispersed silica gel used as water-retaining sorbent to avoid condensation in the housing. The paper also describes a procedure of low-temperature collation tests at the lab using a New Brunswick Scientific freezing plant. The test results proved the operability of the developed equipment at ultralow temperatures down to -55°C. In addition, tests were conducted at low microseismic noises in the actual Arctic environment. The possibility to detect signals in a range from 1 to 10 Hz at the level close to the NLNM limit (the Peterson model) has been confirmed, which allows monitoring and exploring petroleum and gas deposits by passive methods. As revealed by this study, the suggested approaches are efficient in developing high-precision mobile seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. The solution of the considered instrumentation and methodical issues is of great practical significance as a constituent of the generic problem of Arctic exploration. Keywords: Seismic instrumentation,microseismic monitoring,Peterson model,geological exploration,temperature ratings,cooling test, Refference: I. AD797: Ultralow Distortion, Ultralow Noise Op Amp, Analog Devices, Inc., Data Sheet (Rev. K). Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD797.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). II. Agafonov, V. M., Egorov, I. V., and Shabalina, A. S. Operating Principles and Technical Characteristics of a Small-Sized Molecular–Electronic Seismic Sensor with Negative Feedback [Printsipyraboty I tekhnicheskiyekharakteristikimalogabaritnogomolekulyarno-elektronnogoseysmodatchika s otritsatel’noyobratnoysvyaz’yu]. SeysmicheskiyePribory (Seismic Instruments). 2014; 50 (1): 1–8. DOI: 10.3103/S0747923914010022. III. Antonovskaya, G., Konechnaya, Ya.,Kremenetskaya, E., Asming, V., Kvaema, T., Schweitzer, J., Ringdal, F. Enhanced Earthquake Monitoring in the European Arctic. Polar Science. 2015; 1 (9): 158-167. IV. Anthony, R. E., Aster, R. C., Wiens, D., Nyblade, Andr., Anandakrishnan, Sr., Huerta, Audr., Winberry, J. P., Wilson, T., and Rowe, Ch. The Seismic Noise Environment of Antarctica. Seismological Research Letters. 2015; 86(1): 89-100. DOI: 10.1785/0220150005 V. Brincker, R., Lago, T. L., Andersen, P., and Ventura, C. Improving the Classical Geophone Sensor Element by Digital Correction. In Conference Proceedings: IMAC-XXIII: A Conference & Exposition on Structural Dynamics Society for Experimental Mechanics, 2005. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242452637_Improving_the_Classical_Geophone_Sensor_Element_by_Digital_Correction(Date of access September 2, 2019). VI. Bylaw 164 of the State Committee for Construction of the Russian Federation “On adopting amendments to SNiP 31-01-99 “Construction climatology”. URL: https://base.garant.ru/2322381/(Date of access September 2, 2019). VII. Chao Xu, Junbo Wang, Deyong Chen, Jian Chen, Bowen Liu, Wenjie Qi, XichenZheng, Hua Wei, Guoqing Zhang. The Electrochemical Seismometer Based on a Novel Designed.Sensing Electrode for Undersea Exploration. 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems &Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS &EUROSENSORS XXXIII). IEEE, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TRANSDUCERS.2019.8808450. VIII. Chebotareva, I. Ya. New algorithms of emission tomography for passive seismic monitoring of a producing hydrocarbon deposit: Part I. Algorithms of processing and numerical simulation [Novyye algoritmyemissionnoyto mografiidlyapassivnogoseysmicheskogomonitoringarazrabatyvayemykhmestorozhdeniyuglevodorodov. Chast’ I: Algoritmyobrabotki I chislennoyemodelirovaniye]. FizikaZemli. 2010; 46(3):187-98. DOI: 10.1134/S106935131003002X IX. Danilov, A. V. and Konechnaya, Ya. V. Analytical comparison of seismic instruments for stationary surveys in the Arctic [Sravnitel’nyyanalizseysmicheskoyapparaturydlyastatsionarnykhnablyudeniy v Arktike]. DSYS. URL: https://dsys.ru/upload/id254_docPDF_FranzJosefLand.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). X. Dew point temperature calculator. Maple Tech. International LLC. URL: https://www.calculator.net/dew-point-calculator.html?airtemperature=20&airtemperatureunit=celsius&humidity=0.34&dewpoint=&dewpointunit=celsius&x=51&y=14(Date of access September 2, 2019). XI. Frolov, A. S. Matching of wave fields recorded by different geophysical receivers [Soglasovaniyevolnovykhpoley, poluchennykh s primeneniyemrazlichnoyregistriruyushcheyapparatury]. Abstracts IX International scientific and technical conference competition of young specialists “Geophysics-2013”. Saint-Petersburg: Gubkin University, 2013. URL: https://www.gubkin.ru/faculty/geology_and_geophysics/chairs_and_departments/exploration_geophysics_and_computers_systems/files/2013_SPb_Frolov.pdf. (Date of access September 2, 2019). XII. Gibbons, S. J., Asming, V., Fedorov, A., Fyen, J., Kero, J., Kozlovskaya, E., Kværna, T., Liszka, L., Näsholm, S.P., Raita, T., Roth, M., Tiira, T., Vinogradov, Yu. The European Arctic: A laboratory for seismoacoustic studies. Seism. Res. Letters. 2015; 86 (3): 917–928. XIII. GOST 8.395-80. State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Reference conditions of measurements while calibrating. General requirements [Gosudarstvennayasistemaobespecheniyaedinstvaizmereniy. Normal’nyyeusloviyaizmereniypripoverke. Obshchiyetrebovaniya]. Moscow: Standartinform, 2008. URL: http://gostrf.com/normadata/1/4294821/4294821960.pdf (Date of access September 2, 2019). XIV. Guralp 6TD. Operators’ Guide. Document Number: MAN-T60-0002, Issue J: April, 2017. Guralp Systems Limited. 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F., Chirkin, I. A., Rizanov, E. G., LeRoy, S. D., Koligaev, S. O. Long-term monitoring of microseismic emissions: Earth tides, fracture distribution, and fluid content. SEG, APPG Interpretation. 2016: 4 (2): T191–T204. XIX. Laverov, N. P., Bogoyavlenskiy, V. I., Bogoyavlenskiy, I. V. Fundamental Aspects of Rational Management of the Petroleum and Gas Resources of the Arctic and the Russian Continental Shelf: Strategy, Prospects, and Problems [Fundamental’nyyeaspektyratsional’nogoosvoyeniyaresursovneftiigazaArktiki I shel’faRossii: strategiya, perspektivyi problem].Arktika: ekologiya I ekonomika [Arctic: Ecology and Economy]. 2016; 2 (22): 4-13. XX. Lee, P. Low Noise Amplifier Selection Guide for Optimal Noise Performance, Analog Devices, Inc., AN-940 Application Note. Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/application-notes/AN-940.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXI. Markatis, N., Polychronopoulou, K., Tselentis, Ak. Passive seismic tomography: A passive concept actively evolving. First Break. 2012; 30 (7): 83-90. XXII. Matveev, I. V. and Matveeva, N. V. Portable seismic recorder “SEISAR-5” with very low energy consumption for autonomous work in harsh climatic conditions [Portativnyyseysmicheskiyregistrator «Seysar-5» s ochen’ nizkimenergopotrebleniyemdlyaavtonomnoyraboty v slozhnykhklimatic heskikhusloviyakh]. Nauka I tekhnologicheskierazrabotki (Science and Technological Developments). 2017; 96 (3): 33-40. [Special Issue “Applied Geophysics: New Developments and Results. Part 1. Seismology and Seismic Exploration]. DOI: 10.21455/std2017.3-3. XXIII. Mishra, R. The Temperature Ratings of Electronic Parts.Electronics Cooling magazine. URL: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2004/02/the-temperature-ratings-of-electronic-parts(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXIV. Moore, Sue E.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Van Pelt, Thomas I. The Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) project. 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View | Download COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH FOOT PATHOLOGY WHO UNDERWENT WEIL OPEN OSTEOTOMY BY CLASSICAL METHOD AND WITHOUT STEOSYNTHESIS Authors: Yuriy V. Lartsev,Dmitrii A. Rasputin,Sergey D. Zuev-Ratnikov,Pavel V.Ryzhov,Dmitry S. Kudashev,Anton A. Bogdanov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00044 Abstract: The article considers the problem of surgical correction of the second metatarsal bone length. The article analyzes the results of treatment of patients with excess length of the second metatarsal bones that underwent osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis. The results of treatment of patients who underwent metatarsal shortening due to classical Weil-osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis were analyzed. The first group consisted of 34 patients. They underwent classical Weil osteotomy. The second group included 44 patients in whomosteotomy of the second metatarsal bone were not by the screw. When studying the results of the treatment in the immediate postoperative period, weeks 6, 12, slightly better results were observed in patients of the first group, while one year after surgical treatment the results in both groups were comparable. One year after surgical treatment, there were 2.9% (1 patient) of unsatisfactory results in the first group and 4.5% (2 patients) in the second group. Considering the comparability of the results of treatment in remote postoperative period, the choice of concrete method remains with the operating surgeon. Keywords: Flat feet,hallux valgus,corrective osteotomy,metatarsal bones, Refference: I. A novel modification of the Stainsby procedure: surgical technique and clinical outcome [Text] / E. Concannon, R. MacNiocaill, R. Flavin [et al.] // Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Dec., Vol. 20(4). – P. 262–267. II. Accurate determination of relative metatarsal protrusion with a small intermetatarsal angle: a novel simplified method [Text] / L. Osher, M.M. Blazer, S. Buck [et al.] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Sep.-Oct., Vol. 53(5). – P. 548–556. III. Argerakis, N.G. The radiographic effects of the scarf bunionectomy on rearfoot alignment [Text] / N.G. Argerakis, L.Jr. Weil, L.S. Sr. Weil // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Apr., Vol. 8(2). – P. 89–94. IV. Bauer, T. Percutaneous forefoot surgery [Text] / T. Bauer // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2014. – Feb., Vol. 100(1 Suppl.). – P. S191–S204. V. Biomechanical Evaluation of Custom Foot Orthoses for Hallux Valgus Deformity [Text] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2015. – Sep.-Oct., Vol.54(5). – P. 852–855. VI. Chopra, S. Characterization of gait in female patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity [Text] / S. Chopra, K. Moerenhout, X. Crevoisier // Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 30(6). – P. 629–635. VII. Computer assisted planning and custom-made surgical guide for malunited pronation deformity after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report [Text] / M. Hirao, S. Ikemoto, H. Tsuboi [et al.] // Comput. Aided Surg. – 2014. – Vol. 19(1-3). – P. 13–19. VIII. Correlation between static radiographic measurements and intersegmental angular measurements during gait using a multisegment foot model [Text] / D.Y. Lee, S.G. Seo, E.J. Kim [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Jan., Vol.36(1). – P. 1–10. IX. Correlative study between length of first metatarsal and transfer metatarsalgia after osteotomy of first metatarsal [Text]: [Article in Chinese] / F.Q. Zhang, B.Y. Pei, S.T. Wei [et al.] // Zhonghua Yi XueZaZhi. – 2013. – Nov. 19, Vol. 93(43). – P. 3441–3444. X. Dave, M.H. Forefoot Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison of Shod and Unshod Populations [Text] / M.H. Dave, L.W. Mason, K. Hariharan // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 8(5). – P. 378–383. XI. Does arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint correct the intermetatarsal M1M2 angle? Analysis of a continuous series of 208 arthrodeses fixed with plates [Text] / F. Dalat, F. Cottalorda, M.H. Fessy [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6). – P. 709–714. XII. Dynamic plantar pressure distribution after percutaneous hallux valgus correction using the Reverdin-Isham osteotomy [Text]: [Article in Spanish] / G. Rodríguez-Reyes, E. López-Gavito, A.I. Pérez-Sanpablo [et al.] // Rev. Invest. Clin. – 2014. – Jul., Vol. 66, Suppl. 1. – P. S79-S84. XIII. Efficacy of Bilateral Simultaneous Hallux Valgus Correction Compared to Unilateral [Text] / A.V. Boychenko, L.N. Solomin, S.G. Parfeyev [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Nov., Vol. 36(11). – P. 1339–1343. XIV. Endolog technique for correction of hallux valgus: a prospective study of 30 patients with 4-year follow-up [Text] / C. Biz, M. Corradin, I. Petretta [et al.] // J. OrthopSurg Res. – 2015. – Jul. 2, № 10. – P. 102. XV. First metatarsal proximal opening wedge osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus deformity: comparison of straight versus oblique osteotomy [Text] / S.H. Han, E.H. Park, J. Jo [et al.] // Yonsei Med. J. – 2015. – May, Vol. 56(3). – P. 744–752. XVI. Long-term outcome of joint-preserving surgery by combination metatarsal osteotomies for shortening for forefoot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [Text] / H. Niki, T. Hirano, Y. Akiyama [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – Sep., Vol. 25(5). – P. 683–638. XVII. Maceira, E. Transfer metatarsalgia post hallux valgus surgery [Text] / E. Maceira, M. Monteagudo // Foot Ankle Clin. – 2014. – Jun., Vol. 19(2). – P.285–307. XVIII. Nielson, D.L. Absorbable fixation in forefoot surgery: a viable alternative to metallic hardware [Text] / D.L. Nielson, N.J. Young, C.M. Zelen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2013. – Jul., Vol. 30(3). – P. 283–293 XIX. Patient’s satisfaction after outpatient forefoot surgery: Study of 619 cases [Text] / A. Mouton, V. Le Strat, D. Medevielle [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6 Suppl.). – P. S217–S220. XX. Preference of surgical procedure for the forefoot deformity in the rheumatoid arthritis patients–A prospective, randomized, internal controlled study [Text] / M. Tada, T. Koike, T. Okano [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – May., Vol. 25(3). – P.362–366. XXI. Redfern, D. Percutaneous Surgery of the Forefoot [Text] / D. Redfern, J. Vernois, B.P. Legré // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 32(3). – P. 291–332. XXII. Singh, D. Bullous pemphigoid after bilateral forefoot surgery [Text] / D. Singh, A. Swann // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Feb., Vol. 8(1). – P. 68–72. XXIII. Treatment of moderate hallux valgus by percutaneous, extra-articular reverse-L Chevron (PERC) osteotomy [Text] / J. Lucas y Hernandez, P. Golanó, S. Roshan-Zamir [et al.] // Bone Joint J. – 2016. – Mar., Vol. 98-B(3). – P. 365–373. XXIV. Weil, L.Jr. Scarf osteotomy for correction of hallux abducto valgus deformity [Text] / L.Jr. Weil, M. Bowen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2014. – Apr., Vol.31(2). – P. 233–246. View | Download QUANTITATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE IN HEALTHYDOGS Authors: Roman A. Tcygansky,Irina I. Nekrasova,Angelina N. Shulunova,Alexander I.Sidelnikov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00045 Abstract: Purpose.To determine the quantitative echogenicity indicators (and their ratio) of the layers of stomach and small intestine wall in healthy dogs. Methods. A prospective 3-year study of 86 healthy dogs (aged 1-7 yrs) of different breeds and of both sexes. Echo homogeneity and echogenicity of the stomach and intestines wall were determined by the method of Silina, T.L., et al. (2010) in absolute values of average brightness levels of ultrasound image pixels using the 8-bit scale with 256 shades of gray. Results. Quantitative echogenicity indicators of the stomach and the small intestine wall in dogs were determined. Based on the numerical values characterizing echogenicity distribution in each layer of a separate structure of the digestive system, the coefficient of gastric echogenicity is determined as 1:2.4:1.1 (mucosa/submucosa/muscle layers, respectively), the coefficient of duodenum and jejunum echogenicity is determined as 1:3.5:2 and that of ileum is 1:1.8:1. Clinical significance. The echogenicity coefficient of the wall of the digestive system allows an objective assessment of the stomach and intestines wall and can serve as the basis for a quantitative assessment of echogenicity changes for various pathologies of the digestive system Keywords: Ultrasound (US),echogenicity,echogenicity coefficient,digestive system,dogs,stomach,intestines, Refference: I. Agut, A. Ultrasound examination of the small intestine in small animals // Veterinary focus. 2009.Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 20-29. II. Bull. 4.RF patent 2398513, IPC51A61B8 / 00 A61B8 / 14 (2006.01) A method for determining the homoechogeneity and the degree of echogenicity of an ultrasound image / T. Silina, S. S. Golubkov. – No. 2008149311/14; declared 12/16/2008; publ. 09/10/2010 III. Choi, M., Seo, M., Jung, J., Lee, K., Yoon, J., Chang, D., Park, RD. Evaluation of canine gastric motility with ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2002. Vol. 64. – № 1. – P. 17-21. IV. Delaney, F., O’Brien, R.T., Waller, K.Ultrasound evaluation of small bowel thickness compared to weight in normal dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2003 Vol. 44, № 5. Р 577-580. V. Diana, A., Specchi, S., Toaldo, M.B., Chiocchetti, R., Laghi, A., Cipone, M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the small bowel in healthy cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2011. – Vol. 52, № 5. – Р. 555-559. VI. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Errors in abdominal ultrasonography in dogs and cats // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2012. Vol. 53. – № 9. – P. 514-519. VII. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Importance of fasting in preparing dogs for abdominal ultrasound examination of specific organs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2014. Vol. 55. – № 12. – P. 630-634. VIII. Gaschen, L., Granger, L.A., Oubre, O., Shannon, D., Kearney, M., Gaschen, F. The effects of food intake and its fat composition on intestinal echogenicity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 546-550 IX. Gaschen, L., Kircher, P., Stussi, A., Allenspach, K., Gaschen, F., Doherr, M., Grone, A. Comparison of ultrasonographic findings with clinical activity index (CIBDAI) and diagnosis in dogs with chronic enteropathies // Veterinary radiology and ultrasound. – 2008. – Vol. 49. – № 1. – Р. 56-64. X. Gil, E.M.U. Garcia, D.A.A. Froes, T.R. In utero development of the fetal intestine: Sonographic evaluation and correlation with gestational age and fetal maturity in dogs // Theriogenology. 2015. Vol. 84, №5. Р. 681-686. XI. Gladwin, N.E. Penninck, D.G., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thickness of the wall layers in the intestinal tract of dogs // American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2014. Vol. 75, №4. Р. 349-353. XII. Gory, G., Rault, D.N., Gatel, L, Dally, C., Belli, P., Couturier, L., Cauvin, E. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the abdominal esophagus and cardia in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2014. Vol. 55, № 5. P. 552-560. XIII. Günther, C.S. Lautenschläger, I.E., Scholz, V.B. Assessment of the inter- and intraobserver variability for sonographical measurement of intestinal wall thickness in dogs without gastrointestinal diseases | [Inter-und Intraobserver-Variabilitätbei der sonographischenBestimmung der Darmwanddicke von HundenohnegastrointestinaleErkrankungen] // Tierarztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere – Heimtiere. 2014. Vol. 42 №2. Р. 71-78. XIV. Hanazono, K., Fukumoto, S., Hirayama, K., Takashima, K., Yamane, Y., Natsuhori, M., Kadosawa, T., Uchide, T. Predicting Metastatic Potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in dog by ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2012. Vol. 74. – № 11. – P. 1477-1482. XV. Heng, H.G., Lim, Ch.K., Miller, M.A., Broman, M.M.Prevalence and significance of an ultrasonographic colonic muscularishyperechoic band paralleling the serosal layer in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2015. Vol. 56 № 6. P. 666-669. XVI. Ivančić, M., Mai, W. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of renal vs. hepatic ultrasonographic intensity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2008. Vol. 49. № 4. Р. 368-373. XVII. Lamb, C.R., Mantis, P. Ultrasonographic features of intestinal intussusception in 10 dogs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2008. Vol. 39. – № 9. – P. 437-441. XVIII. Le Roux, A. B., Granger, L.A., Wakamatsu, N, Kearney, M.T., Gaschen, L.Ex vivo correlation of ultrasonographic small intestinal wall layering with histology in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound.2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 534-545. XIX. Nielsen, T. High-frequency ultrasound of Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of young cats / T. Nielsen [et al.] // Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 18, № 4. – Р. 303-309. XX. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In Nyland T.G., Mattoon J.S. (eds): Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 2002, 2nd ed. Р. 207-230. XXI. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In: PenninckD.G.,d´Anjou M.A. Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. 2008. Р. 281-318. XXII. Penninck, D.G., Nyland, T.G., Kerr, L.Y., Fisher, P.E. Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastrointestinal diseases in small animals // Veterinary Radiology. 1990. Vol. 31. №3. P. 134-141. XXIII. Penninck, D.G.,Webster, C.R.L.,Keating, J.H. The sonographic appearance of intestinal mucosal fibrosis in cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2010. – Vol. 51, № 4. – Р. 458-461. XXIV. Pollard, R.E.,Johnson, E.G., Pesavento, P.A., Baker, T.W., Cannon, A.B., Kass, P.H., Marks, S.L. Effects of corn oil administered orally on conspicuity of ultrasonographic small intestinal lesions in dogs with lymphangiectasia // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2013. Vol. 54. № 4. P. 390-397. XXV. Rault, D.N., Besso, J.G., Boulouha, L., Begon, D., Ruel, Y. Significance of a common extended mucosal interface observed in transverse small intestine sonograms // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2004. Vol. 45. №2. Р. 177-179. XXVI. Sutherland-Smith, J., Penninck, D.G., Keating, J.H., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic intestinal hyperechoic mucosal striations in dogs are associated with lacteal dilation // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2007. Vol. 48. – № 1. – P. 51-57. View | Download EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS Authors: Larisa A. Merdenova,Elena A. Takoeva,Marina I. Nartikoeva,Victoria A. Belyayeva,Fatima S. Datieva,Larisa R. Datieva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00046 Abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the functional reserves of the body to quantify individual health; adaptation, psychophysiological characteristics of the health quality of medical students in different seasons of the year. When studying the temporal organization of physiological functions, the rhythm parameters of physiological functions were determined, followed by processing the results using the Cosinor Analysis program, which reveals rhythms with an unknown period for unequal observations, evaluates 5 parameters of sinusoidal rhythms (mesor, amplitude, acrophase, period, reliability). The essence of desynchronization is the mismatch of circadian rhythms among themselves or destruction of the rhythms architectonics (instability of acrophases or their disappearance). Desynchronization with respect to the rhythmic structure of the body is of a disregulatory nature, most pronounced in pathological desynchronization. High neurotism, increased anxiety reinforces the tendency to internal desynchronization, which increases with stress. During examination stress, students experience a decrease in the stability of the temporary organization of the biosystem and the tension of adaptive mechanisms develops, which affects attention, mental performance and the quality of adaptation to the educational process. Time is shortened and the amplitude of the “initial minute” decreases, personal and situational anxiety develops, and the level of psychophysiological adaptation decreases. The results of the work are priority because they can be used in assessing quality and level of health. Keywords: Desynchronosis,biorhythms,psycho-emotional stress,mesor,acrophase,amplitude,individual minute, Refference: I. Arendt, J., Middleton, B. Human seasonal and circadian studies in Antarctica (Halley, 75_S) – General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2017: 250-259. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.010). II. BalandinYu.P. A brief methodological guide on the use of the agro-industrial complex “Health Sources” / Yu.P. Balandin, V.S. Generalov, V.F. Shishlov. Ryazan, 2007. III. Buslovskaya L.K. Adaptation reactions in students at exam stress/ L.K. Buslovskaya, Yu.P. Ryzhkova. Scientific bulletin of Belgorod State University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2011;17(21):46-52. IV. Chutko L. S. Sindromjemocionalnogovygoranija – Klinicheskie I psihologicheskieaspekty./ L.S Chutko. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2013. V. Eroshina K., Paul Wilkinson, Martin Mackey. The role of environmental and social factors in the occurrence of diseases of the respiratory tract in children of primary school age in Moscow. Medicine. 2013:57-71. VI. Fagrell B. “Microcirculation of the Skin”. The physiology and pharmacology of the microcirculation. 2013:423. VII. Gurova O.A. Change in blood microcirculation in students throughout the day. New research. 2013; 2 (35):66-71. VIII. Khetagurova L.G. – Stress/Ed. L.G. Khetagurov. Vladikavkaz: Project-Press Publishing House, 2010. IX. Khetagurova L.G., Urumova L.T. et al. Stress (chronomedical aspects). International Journal of Experimental Education 2010; 12: 30-31. X. Khetagurova L.G., Salbiev K.D., Belyaev S.D., Datieva F.S., Kataeva M.R., Tagaeva I.R. Chronopathology (experimental and clinical aspects/ Ed. L.G. Khetagurov, K.D. Salbiev, S.D.Belyaev, F.S. Datiev, M.R. Kataev, I.R. Tagaev. Moscow: Science, 2004. XI. KlassinaS.Ya. Self-regulatory reactions in the microvasculature of the nail bed of fingers in person with psycho-emotional stress. Bulletin of new medical technologies, 2013; 2 (XX):408-412. XII. Kovtun O.P., Anufrieva E.V., Polushina L.G. Gender-age characteristics of the component composition of the body in overweight and obese schoolchildren. Medical Science and Education of the Urals. 2019; 3:139-145. XIII. Kuchieva M.B., Chaplygina E.V., Vartanova O.T., Aksenova O.A., Evtushenko A.V., Nor-Arevyan K.A., Elizarova E.S., Efremova E.N. A comparative analysis of the constitutional features of various generations of healthy young men and women in the Rostov Region. Modern problems of science and education. 2017; 5:50-59. XIV. Mathias Adamsson1, ThorbjörnLaike, Takeshi Morita – Annual variation in daily light expo-sure and circadian change of melatonin and cortisol consent rations at a northern latitude with large seasonal differences in photoperiod length – Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 2017; 36: 6 – 15. XV. Merdenova L.A., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A. Features of the study of biological rhythms in children. The results of fundamental and applied research in the field of natural and technical sciences. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Belgorod, 2017, pp. 119-123. XVI. Ogarysheva N.V. The dynamics of mental performance as a criterion for adapting to the teaching load. Bulletin of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014;16:5 (1): S.636-638. XVII. Pekmezovi T. Gene-environment interaction: A genetic-epidemiological approach. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2010;29:131-134. XVIII. Rapoport S.I., Chibisov S.M. Chronobiology and chronomedicine: history and prospects/Ed. S.M. Chibisov, S.I. Rapoport ,, M.L. Blagonravova. Chronobiology and Chronomedicine: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) Press. Moscow, 2018. XIX. Roustit M., Cracowski J.L. “Non-invasive assessment of skin microvascular function in humans: an insight into methods” – Microcirculation 2012; 19 (1): 47-64. XX. Rud V.O., FisunYu.O. – References of the circadian desinchronosis in students. Ukrainian Bulletin of Psychoneurology. 2010; 18(2) (63): 74-77. XXI. Takoeva Z. A., Medoeva N. O., Berezova D. T., Merdenova L. A. et al. Long-term analysis of the results of chronomonitoring of the health of the population of North Ossetia; Vladikavkaz Medical and Biological Bulletin. 2011; 12(12,19): 32-38. XXII. Urumova L.T., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A., Datieva L.R. – The study of some health indicators of medical students in different periods of the year. Health and education in the XXI century. 2016; 18(4): 94-97. XXIII. Westman J. – Complex diseases. In: Medical genetics for the modern clinician. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. XXIV. Yadrischenskaya T.V. Circadian biorhythms of students and their importance in educational activities. Problems of higher education. Pacific State University Press. 2016; 2:176-178. View | Download TRIADIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Authors: Stanislav A.Kudzh,Victor Ya. Tsvetkov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00047 Abstract: The present study of comparison methods based on the triadic model introduces the following concepts: the relation of comparability and the relation of comparison, and object comparison and attributive comparison. The difference between active and passive qualitative comparison is shown, two triadic models of passive and active comparison and models for comparing two and three objects are described. Triadic comparison models are proposed as an alternative to dyadic comparison models. Comparison allows finding the common and the different; this approach is proposed for the analysis of the nomothetic and ideographic method of obtaining knowledge. The nomothetic method identifies and evaluates the general, while the ideographic method searches for unique in parameters and in combinations of parameters. Triadic comparison is used in systems and methods of argumentation, as well as in the analysis of consistency/inconsistency. Keywords: Comparative analysis,dyad,triad,triadic model,comparability relation,object comparison,attributive comparison,nomothetic method,ideographic method, Refference: I. AltafS., Aslam.M.Paired comparison analysis of the van Baarenmodel using Bayesian approach with noninformativeprior.Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research 8(2) (2012) 259{270. II. AmooreJ. E., VenstromD Correlations between stereochemical assessments and organoleptic analysis of odorous compounds. Olfaction and Taste (2016) 3{17. III. BarnesJ., KlingerR. Embedding projection for targeted cross-lingual sentiment: model comparisons and a real-world study. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 691{742. doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11561 IV. Castro-SchiloL., FerrerE.Comparison of nomothetic versus idiographic-oriented methods for making predictions about distal outcomes from time series data. Multivariate Behavioral Research 48(2) (2013) 175{207. V. De BonaG.et al. Classifying inconsistency measures using graphs. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 937{987. VI. FideliR. La comparazione. Milano: Angeli, 1998. VII. GordonT. F., PrakkenH., WaltonD. The Carneades model of argument and burden of proof. Artificial Intelligence 10(15) (2007) 875{896. VIII. GrenzS.J. The social god and the relational self: A Triad theology of the imago Dei. Westminster: John Knox Press, 2001. IX. HermansH.J. M.On the integration of nomothetic and idiographic research methods in the study of personal meaning.Journal of Personality 56(4) (1988) 785{812. X. JamiesonK. G., NowakR. Active ranking using pairwise comparisons.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2011) 2240{2248. XI. JongsmaC.Poythress’s triad logic: a review essay. Pro Rege 42(4) (2014) 6{15. XII. KärkkäinenV.M. Trinity and Religious Pluralism: The Doctrine of the Trinity in Christian Theology of Religions. London: Routledge, 2017. XIII. KudzhS. A., TsvetkovV.Ya. Triadic systems. Russian Technology Magazine 7(6) (2019) 74{882. XIV. NelsonK.E.Some observations from the perspective of the rare event cognitive comparison theory of language acquisition.Children’s Language 6 (1987) 289{331. XV. NiskanenA., WallnerJ., JärvisaloM.Synthesizing argumentation frameworks from examples. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 503{554. XVI. PührerJ.Realizability of three-valued semantics for abstract dialectical frameworks.Artificial Intelligence 278 (2020) 103{198. XVII. SwansonG.Frameworks for comparative research: structural anthropology and the theory of action. In: Vallier, Ivan (Ed.). Comparative methods in sociology: essays on trends and applications.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971 141{202. XVIII. TsvetkovV.Ya.Worldview model as the result of education.World Applied Sciences Journal 31(2) (2014) 211{215. XIX. TsvetkovV. Ya. Logical analysis and variable scales. Slavic Forum 4(22) (2018) 103{109. XX. Wang S. et al. Transit traffic analysis zone delineating method based on Thiessen polygon. Sustainability 6(4) (2014) 1821{1832. View | Download DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY OF CREATING WEAR-RESISTANT CERAMIC COATING FOR ICE CYLINDER." JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES spl10, no. 1 (June 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00048.
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