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1
Shen, Zhifeng, Xirui Yang, Chunlu Liu, and Junjie Li. "Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality in Budget Hotels Using Text-Mining Method: Case Study of Top Five Brands in China." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 17, 2021): 4490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084490.
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Guests’ evaluation of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is important for identifying environment quality problems in hotels and improving service quality. This paper aims to identify IEQ problems in budget hotels in China and improve them. Specifically, 2.06 million online reviews of budget hotels were used to assess IEQ issues in China’s budget hotels in four areas: acoustic environment, luminous environment, indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal environment. The influences of the season, region and type of customers on the IEQ evaluation were also explored, and the main causes of IEQ problems were also identified. The research results show that the IEQ complaint rates of budget hotels are relatively high. In particular, complaints about the acoustic environment are more common. Differences in seasons and climate zones have significant effects on complaints about the acoustic environment, thermal environment and IAQ. Different types of customers have different concerns about hotel IEQ, among which solo travelers and traveling couples have higher requirements for IEQ. The occurrence of IEQ problems significantly reduces a hotel’s online rating, with IAQ and the thermal environment having the greatest impacts, but the causal factors that trigger IEQ problems are relatively concentrated. The findings of this paper can provide a reference for assessing IEQ problems in hotel buildings and guide hotel managers to adopt targeted IEQ improvement programs to promote sustainable development in the hotel industry.
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Hwang, Ruey-Lung, Wei-An Chen, and Yu-Teng Weng. "Strengthening Taiwan’s Green Building Certification System from Aspects of Productivity and Energy Costs to Provide a Healthier Workplace." Atmosphere 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010118.
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This study estimates the relationship between poor indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and the increasing labor costs in green buildings in Taiwan. Specifically, poor performance of IEQ including HVAC, lighting, and indoor air quality, influences the health and well-being of occupants and leads to worse productivity, ultimately causing increased personnel cost. In Taiwan’s green building certification (GBC) system, the energy-savings category is mandatory while the IEQ category is only optional. It means that certified building cases may not reach the expected level in IEQ. Thus, this study reviews the thermal environment, indoor air quality (IAQ), and illumination performances of IEQ-certified and non-IEQ-certified buildings in 20 green buildings. Building energy and IEQ simulations were conducted to analyze the relationships between indoor comfort, energy cost, and personnel cost in green buildings. The results show that IEQ-certified green buildings averagely perform better than non-IEQ-certified ones in the aspects of IEQ and building costs. Besides, 3 of 13 non-IEQ-certified green buildings undertake extremely high additional expenditure for the poor IEQ. The results correspond to some previous findings that green-certified buildings do not necessarily guarantee good building performance. This study further inspects the pros and cons of Taiwan’s GBC system and proposes recommendations against its insufficient IEQ evaluation category. As the trade-off of energy-saving benefits with health and well-being in green buildings has always been a concern, this study aims to stimulate more quantitative research and promote a more comprehensive green building certification system in Taiwan.
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Tiele, Akira, Siavash Esfahani, and James Covington. "Design and Development of a Low-Cost, Portable Monitoring Device for Indoor Environment Quality." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5353816.
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This article describes the design and development of a low-cost, portable monitoring system for indoor environment quality (IEQ). IEQ is a holistic concept that encompasses elements of indoor air quality (IAQ), indoor lighting quality (ILQ), acoustic comfort, and thermal comfort (temperature and relative humidity). The unit is intended for the monitoring of temperature, humidity, PM2.5, PM10, total VOCs (×3), CO2, CO, illuminance, and sound levels. Experiments were conducted in various environments, including a typical indoor working environment and outdoor pollution, to evaluate the unit’s potential to monitor IEQ parameters. The developed system was successfully able to monitor parameter variations, based on specific events. A custom IEQ index was devised to rate the parameter readings with a simple scoring system to calculate an overall IEQ percentage. The advantages of the proposed system, with respect to commercial units, is associated with better customisation and flexibility to implement a variety of low-cost sensors. Moreover, low-cost sensor modules reduce the overall cost to provide a comprehensive, portable, and real-time monitoring solution. This development facilities researchers and interested enthusiasts to become engaged and proactive in participating in the study, management, and improvement of IEQ.
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Kapoor, Nishant Raj, Ashok Kumar, Tabish Alam, Anuj Kumar, Kishor S. Kulkarni, and Paolo Blecich. "A Review on Indoor Environment Quality of Indian School Classrooms." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 11855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111855.
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The progress of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) research in school buildings has increased profusely in the last two decades and the interest in this area is still growing worldwide. IEQ in classrooms impacts the comfort, health, and productivity of students as well as teachers. This article systematically discusses IEQ parameters related to studies conducted in Indian school classrooms during the last fifteen years. Real-time research studies conducted on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Thermal Comfort (TC), Acoustic Comfort (AcC), and Visual Comfort (VC) in Indian school classrooms from July 2006 to March 2021 are considered to gain insight into the existing research methodologies. This review article indicates that IEQ parameter studies in Indian school buildings are tortuous, strewn, inadequate, and unorganized. There is no literature review available on studies conducted on IEQ parameters in Indian school classrooms. The results infer that in India, there is no well-established method to assess the indoor environmental condition of classrooms in school buildings to date. Indian school classrooms are bleak and in dire need of energy-efficient modifications that maintain good IEQ for better teaching and learning outcomes. The prevailing COVID-19 Pandemic, Artificial Intelligence (AI), National Education Policy (NEP), Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), Internet of Things (IoT), and Green Schools (GS) are also discussed to effectively link existing conditions with the future of IEQ research in Indian school classrooms.
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Kim, Young Ki, Yasmin Abdou, Alaa Abdou, and Hasim Altan. "Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment and Occupant Satisfaction: A Post-Occupancy Evaluation of a UAE University Office Building." Buildings 12, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070986.
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As occupants spend almost 90% of their day indoors, especially in the workplaces, Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) plays a primary role in health and wellbeing, productivity, and building energy consumption. Adopting the IEQ and Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE), data has been gathered from nine multilevel open offices within a university building located in Al Ain, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for three winter months. Physical parameters were monitored using data loggers to record the main IEQ factors. In parallel, POE questionnaires have been distributed to obtain occupants’ satisfaction with the IEQ and health-related symptoms experienced in the workspaces. The IEQ and POE data have shown slightly above or below the recommended ranges with the occupants similarly and slightly dissatisfied with the building. The thermal comfort revealed concerns with 99% of temperatures below international standards where 55% of the survey respondents reported “too cold”. The IAQ measurements showed 45% and 30% of the respondents reporting “stuffy air” and “headache” which indicated symptoms that could be tracked to other parameters or a combination of several, and the findings have been discussed in detail in this paper. This research contributed to identifying correlations between measured data and occupant satisfaction and identifying common IEQ defects and their sources to better communicate with facility managers and architects.
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Marques, Gonçalo, and Rui Pitarma. "An Internet of Things-Based Environmental Quality Management System to Supervise the Indoor Laboratory Conditions." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030438.
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Indoor air quality (IAQ) is not only a determinant of occupational health but also influences all indoor human behaviours. In most university establishments, laboratories are also used as classrooms. On one hand, indoor environment quality (IEQ) conditions supervision in laboratories is relevant for experimental activities. On the other hand, it is also crucial to provide a healthy and productive workplace for learning activities. The proliferation of cost-effective sensors and microcontrollers along with the Internet of Things (IoT) architectures enhancements, enables the development of automatic solutions to supervise the Laboratory Environmental Conditions (LEC). This paper aims to present a real-time IEQ-laboratory data collection system-based IoT architecture named iAQ Plus (iAQ+). The iAQ+ incorporates an integrated Web management system along with a smartphone application to provide a historical analysis of the LEC. The iAQ+ collects IAQ index, temperature, relative humidity and barometric pressure. The results obtained are promising, representing a meaningful contribution for IEQ supervision solutions based on IoT. iAQ+ supports push notifications to alert people in a timely way for enhanced living environments and occupational health, as well as a work mode feature, so the user can configure setpoints for laboratory mode and schoolroom mode. Using the iAQ+, it is possible to provide an integrated management of data information of the spatio-temporal variations of LEC parameters which are particularly significant not only for enhanced living environments but also for laboratory experiments.
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Al-Rawi, Mohammad Ayad, Praneel Chand, and Archie Van Mendoza Evangelista. "Cost-Effective Customizable Indoor Environmental Quality Monitoring System." Advances in Technology Innovation 7, no. 1 (October 28, 2021): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2021.8291.
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Poor indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has become a global concern for World Health Organization (WHO), and its impact on health and well-being has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. To monitor and sanitize indoor air, this study develops a cost-effective and customizable IEQ monitoring system to detect unhealthy and low-comfort air levels. This system uses ThingSpeak (MATLAB), microcontrollers (Arduino Uno), and various low-cost sensors to measure indoor air quality (IAQ) and IEQ in terms of gas, particulate matter, temperature, sound level, and ultraviolet (UV) light. The presented system is validated with respect to temperature, relative humidity, and particulate matter by benchmarking against the Camfil air image sensor manufactured by Camfil AB, Stockholm, Sweden. The average error of temperature, relative humidity, and PM2.5 are 0.55%, 5.13%, and 3.45%, respectively.
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Sansaniwal, Sunil Kumar, Shailendra Kumar, Nikhil Jain, Jyotirmay Mathur, and Sanjay Mathur. "Towards implementing an indoor environmental quality standard in buildings: A pilot study." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 42, no. 4 (March 8, 2021): 449–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624421997989.
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This paper demonstrates the implementation methodology for India’s first IEQ standard (ISHRAE Standard-10001:2016) in actual buildings. The IEQ standard encompasses the definitions of IEQ elements (i.e. thermal comfort, indoor air quality, visual comfort, and acoustic comfort), threshold values of IEQ parameters determining these elements, specifications of measuring instruments, and methodology to undertake IEQ assessments in buildings. The pilot study identified the preliminary findings to understand and evaluate the practical implementation of the IEQ standard through field measurements. The quantitative measurements of IEQ elements were carried out in two academic buildings in the Jaipur climate (warm and humid as well as hot and dry and cold). The occupant’s subjective evaluation was made through a questionnaire survey administrated concurrently with physical measurements of IEQ parameters. This study provides the clarity of method for taking IEQ measurements and comments on the availability of instruments and their specifications as recommended by the standard. Practical application: The present study is the practical implementation of the IEQ standard in buildings. This standard provides the threshold limits of IEQ parameters by classifying them into three classes covering international and local benchmarking. The standard also specifies the research methodology including field measurement protocol and specification of monitoring devices for IEQ assessment. This standard is useful for evolving IEQ rating of buildings in India where the majority of the building stocks are yet to be built.
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Dang, Van Thac, Ninh Nguyen, and Jianming Wang. "The impact of retailers' indoor environmental quality on consumer purchase decision." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 49, no. 6 (January 26, 2021): 772–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-04-2020-0130.
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PurposeA review of 67 articles in the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) literature published from 2010 to 2020 reveals that none of prior studies have determined the IEQ of physical retailers and its impact on consumers. To fill such a gap, this study investigates the influence of physical retailers' IEQ on consumer purchase intention. The mediating roles of hedonic experience and perceived brand value (PBV) in this relationship are also determined. Furthermore, the moderating effect of perceived service quality (PSQ) on the link between physical retailers' IEQ and PBV is clarified in this study.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze a sample data of 996 consumers in China.FindingsResults show that physical retailers' IEQ has a positive impact on consumer purchase intention. Hedonic experience mediates the link between IEQ and purchase intention. PBV also mediates the relationship between IEQ and purchase intention and that between hedonic experience and purchase intention. In addition, PSQ moderates the relationship between IEQ and PBV.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to determine the impact of IEQ on consumers in the physical retailer context. Specifically, this study enriches our knowledge about the relationship between physical retailers' IEQ and consumer purchase intention with the mediating and moderating mechanisms of hedonic experience, PBV and PSQ. The findings fill the research gaps in the IEQ literature that has ignored the impact of IEQ on consumers' perception and behavioral intention in the physical retailer context. Furthermore, this research provides evidence for retailer managers to understand and improve physical stores' IEQ.
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Kakoulli, Christina, Alexis Kyriacou, and Michalis P. Michaelides. "A Review of Field Measurement Studies on Thermal Comfort, Indoor Air Quality and Virus Risk." Atmosphere 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020191.
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People spend up to 90% of their time indoors where they continuously interact with the indoor environment. Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), and in particular thermal comfort, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), and acoustic and visual comfort, have proven to be significant factors that influence the occupants’ health, comfort, productivity and general well-being. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has also highlighted the need for real-life experimental data acquired through field measurement studies to help us understand and potentially control the impact of IEQ on the occupants’ health. In this context, there was a significant increase over the past two decades of field measurement studies conducted all over the world that analyse the IEQ in various indoor environments. In this study, an overview of the most important factors that influence the IAQ, thermal comfort, and the risk of virus transmission is first presented, followed by a comprehensive review of selected field measurement studies from the last 20 years. The main objective is to provide a broad overview of the current status of field measurement studies, to identify key characteristics, common outcomes, correlations, insights, as well as gaps, and to serve as the starting point for conducting future field measurement studies.
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Asadi, Iman, Norhayati Mahyuddin, and Payam Shafigh. "A review on indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and energy consumption in building based on occupant behavior." Facilities 35, no. 11/12 (August 8, 2017): 684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-06-2016-0062.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of occupant behavior and its relation with indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and building energy consumption. The behavior is referred to any direct or indirect action, which is selected by an occupant to manage the unpleasant indoor environmental conditions. Thermal comfort, indoor air quality, aural comfort and visual comfort are the key factors of IEQ evaluation. Human behavior significantly interacts with energy consumption in buildings. Design/methodology/approach Each IEQ parameter was reviewed separately and the overall IEQ acceptance was considered. In addition, this paper reviews the methods that were used to measure and simulate the IEQ factors, energy consumption and human behavior. Finally, the lack of knowledge in this field is based on the review demonstrated. Findings Most studies considered one or two IEQ factors to evaluate IEQ acceptance in buildings. Further, weakness of simulating all IEQ factors at the same time is the deficiency of IEQ simulation, based on reviews. In the case of occupant behavior simulation, the uncertainly of human psychological parameter is a drawback to predict behavior. Originality/value Energy consumption, occupant health and productivity are related to IEQ. Human behavior affects building energy consumption directly. Simulation software and methods can predict IEQ factors and human behavior. Therefore, reviewing the existing studies is critical to find new methods for measuring and simulating IEQ, energy consumption and human behavior in buildings.
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Sekhar, Chandra, and William Bahnfleth. "IAQ 2020: Indoor Environmental Quality Performance Approaches Transitioning from IAQ to IEQ." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 28, no. 7 (August 9, 2022): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2022.2095130.
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Rohde, Lasse, Tine Steen Larsen, Rasmus Lund Jensen, and Olena Kalyanova Larsen. "Framing holistic indoor environment: Definitions of comfort, health and well-being." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 8 (September 19, 2019): 1118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19875795.
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In research and assessment of indoor environmental quality (IEQ), the terms ‘Comfort’, ‘Health’ and ‘Well-being’ are often used interchangeably without a clear definition of terms or effects on conditions for occupants. This calls for a systematic restructuring of the ontological approach to IEQ and, based on a meta-analysis of recent IEQ literature, the authors suggest three substantial contributions: 1) A framework consisting of comfort, health and well-being as three equal branches of IEQ to increase focus on previously neglected aspects and make inter-domain relations more transparent. 2) The identification of key IEQ trends and by extension suggestions for formal definitions of three main domains as part of a multidisciplinary conceptual framework for working holistically with IEQ. 3) The introduction of positive stimuli to IEQ assessment as opposed to the predominance of focus on the absence of negative parameters of current practice. Through including this positive stimuli dimension, the field of IEQ shifts from ‘not bad’ to ‘truly good’, encouraging the design of enriched environments to further positive experiences improving occupant well-being.
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Piasecki and Kostyrko. "Combined Model for IAQ Assessment: Part 1—Morphology of the Model and Selection of Substantial Air Quality Impact Sub-Models." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 18, 2019): 3918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183918.
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Indoor air quality (IAQ) is one of the most important elements affecting a building user’s comfort and satisfaction. Currently, many methods of assessing the quality of indoor air have been described in the literature. In the authors’ opinion, the methods presented have not been collected, systematized, and organized into one multi-component model. The application purpose of the assessment is extremely important when choosing IAQ model. This article provides the state-of-the-art overview on IAQ methodology and attempts to systematize approach. Sub-models of the processes that impact indoor air quality, which can be distinguished as components of the IAQ model, are selected and presented based on sensory satisfaction functions. Subcomponents of three potential IAQ models were classified according to their application potential: IAQ quality index, IAQ comfort index, and an overall health and comfort index. The authors provide a method for using the combined IAQ index to determine the indoor environmental quality index, IEQ. In addition, the article presents a method for adjusting the weights of particular subcomponents and a practical case study which provides IAQ and IEQ model implementation for a large office building assessment (with a BREEAM rating of excellent).
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Zhong, Lexuan, Jing Yuan, and Brian Fleck. "Indoor Environmental Quality Evaluation of Lecture Classrooms in an Institutional Building in a Cold Climate." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 6591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236591.
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In this paper, ventilation, indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal and acoustic conditions, and lighting were studied to evaluate the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in an institutional building at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. This study examined IEQ parameters, including pressure, illuminance, acoustics, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, temperature, and humidity, with appropriate monitors allocated during a lecture (duration 50 min or 80 min) in four lecture classrooms repeatedly (N = 99) from October 2018 to March 2019 with the objectives of providing a comprehensive analysis of interactions between IEQ parameters. The classroom environments were maintained at 23 ± 1 °C and 33% ± 3% RH during two-season measurements. Indoor mean CO2 concentrations were 550–1055 ppm, and a mean sound level of 58 ± 3 dBA was observed. The air change rates were configured at 1.3–6.5 per hour based on continuous CO2 measurements and occupant loads in the lectures. A variance analysis indicated that the within-lecture classroom variations in most IEQ parameters exceeded between-lecture classrooms. A multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed on the basis of feedforward networks with a backpropagation algorithm. ANN results demonstrated the importance of the sequence of covariates on indoor conditions (temperature, RH, and CO2 level): Air change rate (ACR) > room operations (occupant number and light system) > outdoor conditions.
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Devitofrancesco, Anna, Lorenzo Belussi, Italo Meroni, and Fabio Scamoni. "Development of an Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment Tool for the Rating of Offices in Real Working Conditions." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061645.
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The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) refers to the quality of indoor spaces in relation to the health and well-being of users. IEQ is a holistic concept considering various components of the overall indoor comfort: thermo-hygrometric, lighting, air quality and acoustics. Each component is described through specific performance indicators and benchmarks. The quality of the built environment is assessed at different stages from design to operational phase. The scientific literature reports several case studies related to the assessment of the individual components of the IEQ Tools aimed at the evaluation of the overall IEQ. The paper proposes an assessment tool based on the SB Method (Sustainable Building Method) and the Multi Criteria Analysis for the evaluation of IEQ during the operational phase of a building. Each component of IEQ is analysed through objective indicators and calculation methods. The tool provides two main outcomes: a global score expressing the overall performance of the building from the IEQ perspective; quantitative evaluations of all indoor comfort components through monitoring and measurement of the environmental variables. The above contributes to select intervention areas to optimize indoor design and to identify technologies aimed at ensuring the best IEQ levels for users at the operational stage. The system was applied to an open-plan working space of an office building. Monitoring activities and measurements are carried out to detect the indoor and outdoor variables affecting the IEQ. All aspects of IEQ were analysed and quantified so to evaluate the overall performance of the building and provide data to improve the working conditions.
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Abdou, Yasmin, Young Ki Kim, and Lindita Bande. "Indoor environmental quality evaluation in a hot and arid climate: a case study of a higher education office building." E3S Web of Conferences 167 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016704004.
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Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) refers to the overall environmental quality within a building, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of the building’s occupants. It includes several factors such as lighting levels and indoor air quality (IAQ). As humans spend a significant amount of time indoors; particularly at the workplace for up to 12 hours a day, the IEQ of the office greatly affects one’s overall well-being, health with striking effects on productivity. As for IAQ, in severe cases, high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM), and humidity may cause headache, allergy, and asthma. A higher education (HE) office building located in United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) campus has been taken as a case study. Situated in the UAE, this is characterized by an extremely hot-arid climate. The HE building has been monitored using a set of advanced sensor devices to record indoor environmental data such as the measurements of temperature, relative humidity, lux level, particulate matter 2.5/10(PM 2.5/ 10), carbon dioxide (CO2), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). Results of this paper aim to use the onsite numerical assessment and future POE assessment to verify the building’s performance and discover where the operational gaps are. Better facility management strategies will be suggested to enhance the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) as well as more findings will be discussed in this paper.
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Okanya, Arinzechukwu, Japel Asogwa, and Ike Onyedikachi. "Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions: The Effect on Performance of Building Technology Lecturers." Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 6, 2021): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v2i1.143.
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Purpose: This study aimed to examine the Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) on the Performance of Building Technology Lecturers in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Methodology: Three research questions guided the study in which survey research design was used. The entire population of the study was 216, comprising 84 building technology lecturers and 132 higher technical officers from six tertiary institutions in Nigeria. A 38-item questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability method was used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument at a coefficient of 0.89. A total of 216 copies of the questionnaire were administered and 210 copies were retrieved, representing a 92% return rate. The data collected was analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-test. Results: The study found out that there exist 5 items on how the indoor air quality (IAQ) affect building technology lecturers’ performance in Nigerian tertiary institutions, 5 items on how thermal comfort affect building technology lecturers’ performance in Nigerian tertiary institutions, 7 items on how building acoustics affect building technology lecturers’ performance in Nigerian tertiary institutions and 6 items on how ergonomics affects building technology lecturers’ performance in Nigerian tertiary institutions. The study also found 6 items on challenges of installing Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), facilities and 10 items on the ways of providing and improving Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Practical Implications: Lecturers’ role on monitoring and maintenance of IEQ in offices could be enhanced through appointment of Desk officer in each faculty of the tertiary institutions. The Desk officer will liaise between the lecturers and maintenance unit of the institutions on IEQ issues. Originality/Value: The study concluded that improved indoor environmental quality has a tremendous impact on lecturer’s performance, comfort, workspace utilization and overall productivity.
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Savelieva, Kateryna, Marko Elovainio, Jussi Lampi, Sari Ung-Lanki, and Juha Pekkanen. "Psychosocial factors and indoor environmental quality in respiratory symptom reports of pupils: a cross-sectional study in Finnish schools." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e036873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036873.
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ObjectivesPoor indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in schools is related to higher respiratory symptoms of pupils, but little is known about the importance of other factors. This study examined the associations between different psychosocial factors and other pupils’ individual and allergic characteristics, beyond school IEQ, and reporting of respiratory symptoms in pupil-administered and parent-administered questionnaires.SettingAll primary and secondary schools in two areas of Helsinki, Finland.ParticipantsPrimary school pupils (grade 3–6, n=8775, 99 school buildings) and secondary school pupils (grade 7–9, n=3410, 30 school buildings) reported their respiratory symptoms, as well as psychosocial factors and individual characteristics. Parents of primary school pupils (grade 1–6, n=3540, 88 school buildings) also filled in questionnaires, but the response rate was low (20% in 2017 and 13% in 2018).Main outcome measureRespiratory symptoms were reported in relation to the school environment and in general (without such relation) by pupils or parents.ResultsWorry about IEQ and low school satisfaction, and asthma and hay fever were related to higher reporting of respiratory symptoms in three samples. The variance between schools in respiratory symptoms was low (intraclass correlation=0.6%–2.4%). Psychosocial factors, especially worry about school’s IEQ, explained more of the variance between schools in symptoms than IEQ among secondary school pupils and parents, but not among primary school pupils for symptoms in general. Worry about IEQ also modified the associations between IEQ and respiratory symptoms, but only in parental reports.ConclusionIn addition to IEQ, psychosocial factors and pupils’ individual and allergic characteristics were related to higher reporting of respiratory symptoms in all three samples. Psychosocial factors explained more variance between schools than IEQ, although it was 2.4% at most. Other factors beyond IEQ should be considered when interpreting symptom reporting in indoor air questionnaires.
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Finell, Eerika, and Jouko Nätti. "The Combined Effect of Poor Perceived Indoor Environmental Quality and Psychosocial Stressors on Long-Term Sickness Absence in the Workplace: A Follow-Up Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (December 9, 2019): 4997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244997.
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Background: Poor perceived indoor environmental quality (IEQ) can generate conflicts and experiences of injustice in workplaces. Therefore we examined whether the combined effect of poor IEQ and self-reported psychosocial stressors (low social support from supervisors and experiences of injustice) increase the risk of employees’ long-term sickness absence (more than 10 days) in comparison to employees who report only poor perceived IEQ and no psychosocial stressors. Methods: Using negative binomial modelling, we analysed a representative sample of the working-age population in Finland (N = 16,084) from the Finnish Quality of Work Life Surveys (FQWLS) from 1997, 2003, 2008 and 2013, combined with register-based follow-up data on employees’ long-term absences covering a period of one to three years after each FQWLS was collected. Results: After background variables were included in the model, employees who reported poor IEQ and low social support had 1.18 (incidents rate ratios; 95% CI 1.05–1.33) higher rates of long-term absence than those who reported poor IEQ and high support. Similarly, employees who reported poor IEQ and experiences of injustice had 1.31(incidents rate ratios; 95% CI 1.15–1.48) higher rates of absence than those who reported poor IEQ and no injustice. Conclusions: Employees who reported poor perceived IEQ and a psychosocial stressor had higher rates of long-term sickness absence one to three years later, in comparison with those who report only poor perceived IEQ and no psychosocial stressors. These findings demonstrate the importance of taking account of psychosocial stressors as well, when resolving indoor environmental problems.
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Lu, Xiaohan, Fei Wang, Mi Liu, Kevin T. Yang, Adam Nau, Donald E. Kohan, Van Reese, Russell S. Richardson, and Tianxin Yang. "Activation of ENaC in collecting duct cells by prorenin and its receptor PRR: involvement of Nox4-derived hydrogen peroxide." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 310, no. 11 (June 1, 2016): F1243—F1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00492.2015.
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The collecting duct (CD) has been recognized as an important source of prorenin/renin, and it also expresses (pro)renin receptor (PRR). The goal of this study was to examine the hypothesis that prorenin or renin via PRR regulates epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) activity in mpkCCD cells. Transepithelial Na+ transport was measured by using a conventional epithelial volt-ohmmeter and was expressed as the calculated equivalent current ( Ieq). Amiloride-inhibitable Ieq was used as a reflection of ENaC activity. Administration of prorenin in the nanomolar range induced a significant increase in Ieq that was detectable as early as 1 min, peaked at 5 min, and gradually returned to baseline within 15 min. These changes in Ieq were completely prevented by a newly developed PRR decoy inhibitor, PRO20. Prorenin-induced Ieq was inhibitable by amiloride. Compared with prorenin, renin was less effective in stimulating Ieq. Prorenin-induced Ieq was attenuated by apocynin but enhanced by tempol, the latter effect being prevented by catalase. In response to prorenin treatment, the levels of total reactive oxygen species and H2O2 were both increased, as detected by spin-trap analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-Glo H2O2 assay, respectively. Both siRNA-mediated Nox4 knockdown and the dual Nox1/4 inhibitor GKT137892 attenuated prorenin-induced Ieq. Overall, our results demonstrate that activation of PRR by prorenin stimulates ENaC activity in CD cells via Nox4-derived H2O2.
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Diaz, Muriel, Maria Beatriz Piderit, and Shady Attia. "Parameters and indicators used in Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) studies: a review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012132.
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Abstract Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is a broad concept, which seeks to define when a built space provides welfare to its occupants. In general, it is defined as the condition of thermal, visual, acoustic and air quality comfort and depends on multiple factors. In the case of school buildings, the relevance of IEQ is related to its effects on the wellbeing, health and performance of the students and teachers. This research summarizes previous studies of IEQ from a multivariable perspective to prove that this research area needs to be further developed. Previous results show that an integrated analysis of IEQ parameters could better understand the IEQ perception of their occupants. Research on IEQ in schools generally refers to one or two aspects of the four. Even the most recent research deals with these topics separately, without using a systemic approach. The reductionism generated by isolating parameters allows us to study a parameter in detail but does not evaluate the environmental quality of the space. This is why new metrics are necessary to describe, assess and compare IEQ in educational spaces under a systemic approach.
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Zhang, Zengyan, Yuezheng Gong, and Jia Zhao. "A remark on the invariant energy quadratization (IEQ) method for preserving the original energy dissipation laws." Electronic Research Archive 30, no. 2 (2022): 701–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2022037.
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<abstract><p>In this letter, we revisit the invariant energy quadratization (IEQ) method and provide a new perspective on its ability to preserve the original energy dissipation laws. The IEQ method has been widely used to design energy stable numerical schemes for phase-field or gradient flow models. Although there are many merits of the IEQ method, one major disadvantage is that the IEQ method usually respects a modified energy law, where the modified energy is expressed in the auxiliary variables. Still, the dissipation laws in terms of the original energy are not guaranteed by the IEQ method. Using the widely-used Cahn-Hilliard equation as an example, we demonstrate that the Runge-Kutta IEQ method indeed can preserve the original energy dissipation laws for certain situations up to arbitrary high-order accuracy. Interested readers are encouraged to extend this idea to more general cases and apply it to other thermodynamically consistent models.</p></abstract>
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Park, Jihyun, Vivian Loftness, and Azizan Aziz. "Post-Occupancy Evaluation and IEQ Measurements from 64 Office Buildings: Critical Factors and Thresholds for User Satisfaction on Thermal Quality." Buildings 8, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8110156.
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The indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of buildings can have a strong influence on occupants’ comfort, productivity, and health. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is necessary in assessing the IEQ of the built environment, and it typically relies on the subjective surveys of thermal quality, air quality, visual quality, and acoustic quality. In this research, we expanded POE to include both objective IEQ measurements and the technical attributes of building systems (TABS) that may affect indoor environment and user satisfaction. The suite of three tools, including user satisfaction survey, workstation IEQ measurements, and TABS in the National Environmental Assessment Toolkit (NEAT) has been deployed in 1601 workstations in 64 office buildings, generating a rich database for statistical evaluation of possible correlations between the physical attributes of workstations, environmental conditions, and user satisfaction. Multivariate regression and multiple correlation coefficient statistical analysis revealed the relationship between measured and perceived IEQ indices, interdependencies between IEQ indices, and other satisfaction variables of significance. The results showed that overall, 55% of occupants responded as “satisfied” or “neutral”, and 45% reported being “dissatisfied” in their thermal quality. Given the dataset, air temperature in work area, size of thermal zone, window quality, level of temperature control, and radiant temperature asymmetry with façade are the critical factors for thermal quality satisfaction in the field. As a result, the outcome of this research contributes to identifying correlations between occupant satisfaction, measured data, and technical attributes of building systems. The presented integrated IEQ assessment method can further afford robust predictions of building performance against metrics and guidelines for IEQ standards to capture revised IEQ thresholds that impact building occupants’ satisfaction.
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Harčárová, K., and S. Vilčeková. "Indoor environmental quality in green certified office buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1252, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1252/1/012054.
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Abstract The presented paper deals with the assessment of selected indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors, specifically the parameters of thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ), in two buildings of a modern office complex. Both buildings are LEED certified. The monitoring of selected IEQ risk factors took place in selected office spaces (cell and open-space offices) representative of all occupied areas under operating conditions. The results of real measurements of IAQ parameters indicate that the monitored office spaces in both buildings did not exceed the required limits set by the LEED certification system. The measured parameters of thermal comfort were within the permissible legislative limits and the results of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) indices show that a suitable level of thermal comfort can be expected in the given buildings during their occupancy. Based on the results of real measurements, it can be stated that both office buildings actually meet the LEED criteria for IAQ and guarantee a healthy and comfortable working environment for their occupants.
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Barker, P. M., R. C. Boucher, and J. R. Yankaskas. "Bioelectric properties of cultured monolayers from epithelium of distal human fetal lung." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 268, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): L270—L277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1995.268.2.l270.
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Throughout intrauterine life, Cl(-)-rich liquid is secreted by the pulmonary epithelium. To evaluate the role of the most distal epithelium in liquid secretion, we measured bioelectric properties of monolayers composed of epithelial cells from acinar structures of postmortem human fetal lung (mean gestation, 22.3 wk; range, 18-24 wk). These monolayers formed high-resistance (R) barriers (mean R = 363 Ohm/cm2) when cultured in hormone-supplemented, serum-free medium. The transepithelial electrical potential difference (4.0 mV, lumen negative), was similar to that of whole fetal sheep lung in vivo. Equivalent short-circuit current (Ieq) was inhibited by apical amiloride (-20%), 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (-33 to -49%), or diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC; -26%), and by basolateral ouabain (-77%), whereas apical 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) had no effect. Bumetanide added to the basolateral bath did not affect resting Ieq, but inhibited Ieq (-19%) in monolayers pretreated with apical amiloride, basolateral terbutaline, and apical ATP, and also inhibited Ieq (-22%) of monolayers pretreated with basolateral amiloride and DIDS. Ieq was stimulated by terbutaline (90–128%), ATP (70–186%), and ionomycin (141%). Stimulation of Ieq by these agents is compatible with induction of Cl- secretion through two pathways: channels that are opened by a rise in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, and channels that are opened by a rise in intracellular Ca2+. Inhibition of Ieq by apical DPC implies that Cl- secretion may contribute to basal Ieq.
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Aigbavboa, Clinton, and Wellington Didibhuku Thwala. "PERFORMANCE OF A GREEN BUILDING'S INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ON BUILDING OCCUPANTS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 1 (January 2019): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.1.131.
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Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is important to the health, comfort, and well-being of building occupants. Unsatisfactory IEQ is associated with a number of phenomena, most notably, sick building syndrome (SBS), building-related illnesses (BRIs), and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), which have major negative effects on productivity. However, green building investors (owners) are not only concerned about reducing the negative impact of their buildings on the environment, but also about the potentially negative impact green buildings can have on their employees' productivity. This research sets out to address, through a questionnaire survey in South Africa, what constitutes the determinants of green building occupants' satisfaction with the IEQ elements of a green building and the health implications of a building's IEQ on the building occupants. Data analysis (involving a one-sample t-test) reveals some interesting findings in regard to what constitutes the determinants of green building occupants' satisfaction with the IEQ elements and the health implications of the IEQ elements of a five-star green rated building in South Africa. Findings from the survey revealed that the occupants of the building were not satisfied with the green building's IEQ, most especially the ineffectiveness of blocking natural and artificial lighting. Also, it was revealed that the IEQ with particular reference to the noise level and ventilation of the space has some serious health implications for the building occupants. The occupants' evaluation revealed that the major health issues from which they suffer include fatigue, headache, common cold, coughing, and influenza, and these affect their productivity and performance. Since building occupants are a rich source of information about IEQ assessment and its effect on productivity, the study can be used to assess the performance of green buildings, identify areas needing improvement, and provide useful feedback to designers and operators about specific aspects of green building design features and operating strategies that need improvement. This study adds to the body of knowledge on green buildings' IEQ performance.
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Riffelli, Stefano. "A Wireless Indoor Environmental Quality Logger Processing the Indoor Global Comfort Index." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 2558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072558.
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Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has a high-level of impact on one’s health and productivity. It is widely accepted that IEQ is composed of four categories: thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), visual comfort, and acoustic comfort. The main physical parameters that primarily represent these comfort categories can be monitored using sensors. To this purpose, the article proposes a wireless indoor environmental quality logger. In the literature, global comfort indices are often assessed objectively (using sensors) or subjectively (through surveys). This study adopts an integrated approach that calculates a predicted indoor global comfort index (P-IGCI) using sensor data and estimates a real perceived indoor global comfort index (RP-IGCI) based on questionnaires. Among the 19 different tested algorithms, the stepwise multiple linear regression model minimized the distance between the two comfort indices. In the case study involving a university classroom setting—thermal comfort and indoor air quality were identified as the most relevant IEQ elements from a subjective point of view. The model also confirms this findings from an objective perspective since temperature and CO2 merge as the measured physical parameters with the most impacts on overall comfort.
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Piasecki, Michał, Mateusz Kozicki, Szymon Firląg, Anna Goljan, and Krystyna Kostyrko. "The Approach of Including TVOCs Concentration in the Indoor Environmental Quality Model (IEQ)—Case Studies of BREEAM Certified Office Buildings." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 3902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113902.
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The article analyzes the impact of measured concentrations of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) emissions determined for four BREEAM certified buildings on the Indoor Air Quality Index (IAQindex) and the overall Indoor Environment Quality index (IEQindex). The IEQindex indicates the percentage of building users who are satisfied from the indoor environment. In existing IEQ models, currently the concentration of CO2 is mostly used to evaluate the IAQindex sub-component. Authors point out that it is recommended to use TVOC instead CO2 at pre-occupant stage where building is mainly polluted by emission from finishing products. The research provides the approach where the component related to the emission of TVOCs is implemented to IEQ model. The first stage of assessment was a test of the volatile organic compounds concentrations in case study buildings. Secondly, the analysis results were assigned into the number of dissatisfied users (PD(IAQ)) from the theoretical function given by Jokl-Fanger resulting from the Weber-Fechner equation. Finally, the overall IEQindex was calculated. The IEQ approach proposed in this paper is mainly based on a consideration of EN 15251 and scientifically accepted models.
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Tran, Minh Tien, Wenjuan Wei, Claire Dassonville, Christophe Martinsons, Pascal Ducruet, Corinne Mandin, Valérie Héquet, and Pawel Wargocki. "Review of Parameters Measured to Characterize Classrooms’ Indoor Environmental Quality." Buildings 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020433.
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As attention to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) grows, a systematic strategy for assessing IEQ in schools needs to be developed. For this purpose, this paper presents a summary of parameters measured in school classrooms to characterize the quality of thermal, acoustic, and visual environments and indoor air quality (IAQ). The summary is based on a review of published literature reporting measurements in schools in Europe and North America in the past ten years. It also summarizes the measurement protocols and measured concentrations. Eighty-eight papers describing measurements in schools were identified and analyzed. No unique standardized measuring method was used in the reviewed studies and different parameters were measured. The most often measured parameters were those describing the thermal environment and IAQ. The former mainly comprised air temperature and relative humidity. The latter mainly comprised concentrations of carbon dioxide, particulate matter, radon, formaldehyde, and some volatile organic compounds. The measured parameters describing acoustic and visual environments mainly comprised noise level, reverberation time, and illuminance. A few studies reported additional measurements of radiant temperature, operative temperature, and speech intelligibility. Measurement protocols from different studies show inconsistency in sampling duration and location and expressed results. Measured concentrations also show high variation between studies, with some pollutants exceeding the threshold values proposed by local and/or international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO). This review provides the reference for developing a rating scheme and protocols for uniform characterization of classroom IEQ.
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Bortolini, Rafaela, and Núria Forcada. "Association between Building Characteristics and Indoor Environmental Quality through Post-Occupancy Evaluation." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061659.
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Post-occupancy evaluations are common tools used to periodically assess Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in tertiary buildings. Although the large amount of data collected from surveys contain valuable information, the influence of building characteristics on IEQ considering the different uses of the rooms and different types of occupants is rarely considered in the evaluation. This study presents an analysis of the association between building characteristics and IEQ in different building rooms (classrooms and offices) and different occupants (students and lecturers) using a post occupancy evaluation survey to 1013 occupants in 26 higher educational buildings in Spain under a Mediterranean climate. This research demonstrated that building characteristics influence IEQ perceptions of the different rooms in tertiary education buildings. The possibility of controlling the lighting, shadows or heating, ventilation air or conditioning (HVAC) systems are the most influential factors when analyzing IEQ. The findings of this research are of interest to facility managers aiming at implementing energy efficiency measures based on user-centric satisfaction or developing maintenance plans focused on IEQ enhancement.
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Asadi, Iman, Ibrahim Hussein, and Kumaran Palanisamy. "Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Acceptance of Air Conditioned Buildings in Malaysia: Case Study of Universiti Tenaga Nasional." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1513.
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Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is an important topic which impacts on energy efficiency and also productivity of occupants. Thermal comfort, indoor air quality, visual comfort and aural comfort are four main physical parameters which are normally used to determine IEQ. In this paper, the results of field study on IEQ conducted in the offices and student study areas of 6 air conditioned buildings in Universiti Tenaga Nasional in Malaysia are presented. The study was conducted during the month of October and November 2013, collecting a full set of objective physical measurements and subjective assessments through questionnaires. The measured environmental parameters are indoor air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, carbon dioxide concentration, sound pressure level and luminance. The subjective responses concern the judgment of the respondents about the IEQ parameters at the moment of measurements. The results obtained showed that 86% of the respondents found that the IEQ is acceptable and the environmental conditions are mainly within the limits set by the various guidelines and standards in Malaysia. The neutral IEQ values were also determined through linear regression analysis of the sensation votes.
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Savari, Omid, Karolina Golab, Ling-Jia Wang, Lindsay Schenck, Randall Grose, Martin Tibudan, Sabarinathan Ramachandran, et al. "Preservation of Beta Cell Function after Pancreatic Islet Autotransplantation: University of Chicago Experience." American Surgeon 81, no. 4 (April 2015): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481508100435.
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The aim of the study was to assess the rate of insulin independence in patients after total pancreatectomy (TP) and islet autotransplantation in our center. TP followed by islet auto-transplantation was performed in 10 patients. Severe unrelenting pain associated with chronic pancreatitis was the major indication for surgery. Islets were isolated using the modified Ricordi method and infused through the portal vein. Exogenous insulin therapy was implemented for at least two months posttransplant to support islet engraftment and was subsequently weaned off, if possible. Median follow-up was 26 months (range, 2 to 60 months). Median islet yield was 158,860 islet equivalents (IEQ) (range, 40,203 to 330,472 IEQ) with an average islet yield of 2,478 IEQ/g (range, 685 to 6,002 IEQ/g) of processed pancreas. One patient developed transient partial portal vein thrombosis, which resolved without sequela. Five (50%) patients are currently off insulin with excellent glucose control and HbA1c below 6. Patients who achieved and maintained insulin independence were transplanted with significantly more islets (median, 202,291 IEQ; range, 145,000 to 330,474 IEQ) than patients who required insulin support (64,348 IEQ; range, 40,203 to 260,476 IEQ; P < 0.05). Patient body mass index and time of chronic pancreatitis prior transplant procedure did not correlate with the outcome. The remaining five patients, who require insulin support, had present C-peptide in blood and experience good glucose control without incidence of severe hypoglycemic episodes. Islet autotransplantation efficiently preserved beta cell function in selected patients with chronic pancreatitis and the outcome correlated with transplanted islet mass.
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Borsos, Ágnes, Erzsébet Szeréna Zoltán, Éva Pozsgai, Balázs Cakó, Gabriella Medvegy, and János Girán. "The Comfort Map—A Possible Tool for Increasing Personal Comfort in Office Workplaces." Buildings 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060233.
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Previous studies have shown that indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters may have a considerable effect on office employees’ comfort, health and performance. Therefore, we initiated a research program to help occupants identify IEQ parameters they perceive as risk factors for their health in an office and enhance their comfort levels in an office environment. Since we assumed that office employees might have different indoor environmental quality expectations related to their work area and that these differences could be measured, our objective was to develop an office ‘comfort map’ based on occupants’ individual IEQ preferences. Thus, the goal of the comfort map would be to help tailor office spaces to their occupants’ health and comfort expectations. The comfort survey was developed to assess the comfort-related opinions of the occupants, based on IEQ parameters (visual comfort, acoustic comfort, air quality and thermal comfort) of a chosen open-plan office building. The survey also assessed the degree to which the given IEQ parameter was considered a health risk factor by occupants or caused a negative comfort sensation for them. The survey was filled in by 216 occupants. The answers were then analyzed with the help of a frequency table depicting relative frequency. The measurements of IEQ parameters took place in an open-plan office in the chosen office building (a Hungarian subsidiary’s office building belonging to an international company in Budapest). The occupants had different opinions regarding the perceived effects of the IEQ parameters on their health and comfort. Almost two-thirds of the respondents (64.8%) were dissatisfied with the adjustability of the noises and sounds IEQ parameter at their workstation. Furthermore, half of the respondents (50.1%) were dissatisfied with the adjustability of ventilation. Most of the occupants (45.8%) considered noises and sounds as the IEQ parameter that had a negative effect on their health. There were also IEQ differences between different areas of the office space. Based on these results, a comfort map was developed for the office. The comfort map contains information about the IEQ characteristics of each workstation by depicting the thermal comfort, carbon dioxide, visual comfort and acoustic comfort characteristics of a given workstation on a relative scale. Based on the thermal, air, acoustic, and lighting differences between the workstations, occupants can select their preferred workstations when a desk-sharing system works. Although still in its pilot phase, the comfort map could increase the chances for office employees to find the workstation best suited to their IEQ expectations. This could improve occupants’ overall comfort level, which could in turn enhance occupants’ productivity and mental as well as physical health.
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Gyimah, Kwabena, and Samuel Amos-Abanyie. "An empirical enquiry into windows used in tropical office spaces." Journal of Building Materials and Structures 5, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v5i2.62.
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Environmental health is very instrumental to the survival of the human race and there is the need for behavioural change for its quality. Grounded in literature is the fact that amongst all the elements of the building fabric, window is the only element which contributes holistically to Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). However, there is no certainty that building professionals or clients consider IEQ in the selection of windows for buildings and spaces holistically. This study seeks to evaluate the various types of windows mostly used in office spaces and establish the rational for their choice. Questionnaires in the form of Google forms were developed and sent to a convenient sampled population of architects and clients in Ghana. Results shows that none of the architects or clients choice of window had a holistic rational towards achieving all the variables of IEQ - thermal comfort, lighting quality, air quality and sound quality. Most of the choices by respondents were based on at least one of the variables of IEQ as a rational. In some cases, the rational of clients had no link to IEQ. Both clients and professionals suggested modifications to current office windows for better IEQ. It is also recommended that further research is carried out to validate the findings. The relevance of this study cannot be down played as knowledge is acquired for re-engineering of appropriate and holistic window towards IEQ.
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Lee, Jong-Won, Deuk-Woo Kim, Seung-Eon Lee, and Jae-Weon Jeong. "Indoor Environmental Quality Survey in Research Institute: A Floor-by-Floor Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 14067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132414067.
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Comprehensively monitoring indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters and their dynamic relations is essential to ensure improved productivity and a healthy environment for building occupants. Although IEQ significantly influences working efficiency, studies addressing this aspect with researchers in institutes as the focal point are limited. Thus, this study employed drill-down analyses, such as floor-by-floor and building-by-building examinations and used an occupant IEQ survey approach to evaluate working conditions in research buildings. This study systematically and objectively assessed IEQ using the Korea building occupant survey system. The results indicate that acoustic qualities affect the work productivity and satisfaction of the building occupants. The floor-by-floor analysis is necessary to identify IEQ factors and the reasons for the satisfaction of occupants. Additionally, it is important to improve the user-friendliness of the system, implement frequent survey distribution systems, and empirically analyze data associations among building, spatial, and demographical characteristics.
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Mui, Kwok Wai, Tsz Wun Tsang, Ling Tim Wong, and Yuen Ping William Yu. "Evaluation of an indoor environmental quality model for very small residential units." Indoor and Built Environment 28, no. 4 (May 9, 2018): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18773802.
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This study investigates the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) responses from occupants living in very small residential units that are unique to Hong Kong. Through the changes in environmental parameters, including thermal, indoor air quality, visual and aural, the study demonstrates that the overall IEQ acceptance in these units is different from the one in general residential building environments. Results show that occupants of these units are more sensitive to warmth and operative temperature change as compared to occupants of general residential buildings. A small variation of thermal acceptance suggests that the small unit occupants have already developed certain degree of tolerance to hot conditions. The adaptation to the reality of a hot environment is also reflected in the overall IEQ acceptance. It is believed that very small space residents have developed tolerance and adaptation to an unchangeable reality, changing environmental conditions does not necessarily alter their acceptance of individual IEQ aspects and overall IEQ.
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Dosumu, Oluwaseun S., and Clinton O. Aigbavboa. "An Investigation of the Factors Influencing Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) of Residential Buildings in Gauteng, South Africa." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 50, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.12789.
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The study aims to examine the factors affecting the IEQ of buildings with respect to type of building unit, gender, age, ethnicity and directions that the windows of occupants' building units are facing. The study was conducted in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (EMM) of South Africa. The descriptive (questionnaire) survey research design (quantitative method) was adopted in the study. The convenience sampling technique was used to collect data for the study. The method of data analysis includes percentages, mean scores, t-test statistic and one-way analysis of variance. The results of the study indicate that the factors investigated in the study were significantly optimum for the IEQ of buildings. However, inferential statistics show that the respondents differed on some factors of IEQ based on age, gender, ethnicity and building unit. Based on the findings, the study concludes that, the factors affecting IEQ of buildings vary according to age, gender and type of building units occupied. Hence, the factors need to be given dedicated consideration whenever design of buildings are to be done. Despite the existence of standards/assessment tools for determining the IEQ of proposed buildings, gender, age and type of units to be provided for occupants should be put into consideration when building projects are to be designed for IEQ.
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Serroni, Serena, Marco Arnesano, Luca Violini, and Gian Marco Revel. "An IoT measurement solution for continuous indoor environmental quality monitoring for buildings renovation." ACTA IMEKO 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i4.1182.
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The measurement of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) requires the acquisition of multiple quantities regarding thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The IEQ monitoring is essential to investigate the building’s performance, especially when renovation is needed to improve energy efficiency and occupants’ well-being. Thus, IEQ data should be acquired for long periods inside occupied buildings, but traditional measurement solutions could not be adequate. This paper presents the development and application of a non-intrusive and scalable IoT sensing solution for continuous IEQ measurement in occupied buildings during the renovation process. The solution is composed of an IR scanner for mean radiant temperature measurement and a desk node with environmental sensors (air temperature, relative humidity, CO2, PMs). The integration with a BIM-based renovation approach was developed to automatically retrieve building’s data required for sensor configuration and KPIs calculation. The system was installed in a nursery located in Poland to support the renovation process. IEQ performance measured before the intervention revealed issues related to radiant temperature and air quality. Using measured data, interventions were realized to improve the envelope insulation and the occupant’s behaviour. Results from post-renovation measurements showed the IEQ improvement achieved, demonstrating the impact of the sensing solution.
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Sadick, Abdul-Manan, and Mohamed H. Issa. "Differences in teachers’ satisfaction with indoor environmental quality and their well-being in new, renovated and non-renovated schools." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 9 (June 26, 2017): 1272–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17717074.
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Most studies on buildings’ renovations in relation to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and occupants’ well-being have focused on offices, while those investigating schools focused on students rather than teachers. Most of these studies limited their assessment of well-being to occupants’ satisfaction with IEQ factors, overlooking essential aspects related to psychological, social and physical well-being. This article presents results of a research conducted in 32 schools in Manitoba, Canada, to assess teachers’ IEQ satisfaction and well-being in new, renovated and non-renovated schools. The research involved adapting and refining an IEQ satisfaction survey and developing and refining three new surveys to assess teachers’ psychological, social and physical well-being. The results of the refined surveys showed statistically significant differences in teachers’ satisfaction with IEQ factors between the new and renovated schools on one hand and the non-renovated ones on the other. However, no statistically significant differences were found in teachers’ psychological, social and physical well-being perceptions between all pairs of the three school categories analysed. Association analyses suggested a potential indirect impact of schools’ renovations on teachers’ well-being via their satisfaction with IEQ. The results of this study should aid school managers in making strategic decisions about the maintenance of their existing schools.
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Miao, Dan, Xiaodong Cao, and Wenxin Zuo. "Associations of Indoor Environmental Quality Parameters with Students’ Perceptions in Undergraduate Dormitories: A Field Study in Beijing during a Transition Season." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 17, 2022): 16997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416997.
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A healthy and comfortable dormitory environment is crucial to the quality of students’ daily lives. In this field study, the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters of undergraduate dormitories in Beijing were measured, while questionnaire surveys were conducted to evaluate the corresponding subjective perceptions of students. Integrated environmental monitoring kits were used to collect temperature, relative humidity, CO2, PM2.5, PM10, TVOC, formaldehyde, and noise data in the investigated dormitories, during the transition season from winter to spring. Questionnaires and scales were distributed to obtain the students’ subjective perceptions of and satisfaction with the IEQ, and their health and well-being status. The measured IEQ data showed that the thermal environment tended to be warm and dry during the heating period. The CO2 concentrations seriously exceeded standard levels due to insufficient indoor natural ventilation. Noise exposure could sometimes interfere with students’ rest. The students’ overall satisfaction with the dormitory environment was low, especially in terms of air quality and acoustic environment. The unsatisfactory IEQ factors have led to several health symptoms, poor sleep quality, and slightly lower well-being. Correlations were found between the IEQ parameters and the corresponding subjective perceptions and satisfaction levels. It was speculated that students’ satisfaction and well-being could be effectively improved by appropriately adjusting the corresponding IEQ parameters.
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Huang, Han-Hung, Stephen Harrington, and Lisa Stehno-Bittel. "The Flaws and Future of Islet Volume Measurements." Cell Transplantation 27, no. 7 (June 28, 2018): 1017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689718779898.
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When working with isolated islet preparations, measuring the volume of tissue is not a trivial matter. Islets come in a large range of sizes and are often contaminated with exocrine tissue. Many factors complicate the procedure, and yet knowledge of the islet volume is essential for predicting the success of an islet transplant or comparing experimental groups in the laboratory. In 1990, Ricordi presented the islet equivalency (IEQ), defined as one IEQ equaling a single spherical islet of 150 μm in diameter. The method for estimating IEQ was developed by visualizing islets in a microscope, estimating their diameter in 50 μm categories and calculating a total volume for the preparation. Shortly after its introduction, the IEQ was adopted as the standard method for islet volume measurements. It has helped to advance research in the field by providing a useful tool improving the reproducibility of islet research and eventually the success of clinical islet transplants. However, the accuracy of the IEQ method has been questioned for years and many alternatives have been proposed, but none have been able to replace the widespread use of the IEQ. This article reviews the history of the IEQ, and discusses the benefits and failings of the measurement. A thorough evaluation of alternatives for estimating islet volume is provided along with the steps needed to uniformly move to an improved method of islet volume estimation. The lessons learned from islet researchers may serve as a guide for other fields of regenerative medicine as cell clusters become a more attractive therapeutic option.
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Gołębiewska, Justyna E., Karolina Gołąb, Tomasz Gorycki, Maciej Śledziński, Jacek Gulczyński, Iwona Żygowska, Bogumił Wolnik, et al. "“Old School” Islet Purification Based on the Unit Gravity Sedimentation as a Rescue Technique for Intraportal Islet Transplantation—A Case Report." Cell Transplantation 29 (January 1, 2020): 096368972094709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689720947098.
Full textAbstract:
Here, we present a case that required a supplemental “old school” islet purification for a safe intraportal infusion. Following pancreas procurement from a brain-dead 26-year-old male donor (body mass index: 21.9), 24.6 ml of islet tissue was isolated after continuous density gradient centrifugation. The islet yield was 504,000 islet equivalent (IEQ), distributed among the following three fractions: 64,161 IEQ in 0.6 ml of pellet, 182,058 IEQ in 10 ml, and 258,010 IEQ in 14 ml with 95%, 20%, and 10% purity, respectively. After a 23-h culture, we applied supplemental islet purification, based on the separation of tissue subfractions during unit gravity sedimentation, a technique developed over 60 years ago (“old school”). This method enabled the reduction of the total pellet volume to 11.6 ml, while retaining 374,940 IEQ with a viability of over 90%. The final islet product was prepared in three infusion bags, containing 130,926 IEQ in 2.6 ml of pellet, 108,079 IEQ in 4 ml of pellet, and 135,935 IEQ in 5 ml of pellet with 65%, 40%, and 30% purity, respectively, and with the addition of unfractionated heparin (70 units/kg body weight). Upon the islet infusion from all three bags, portal pressure increased from 7 to 16 mmHg. Antithrombotic prophylaxis with heparin was continued for 48 h after the infusion, with target activated partial thromboplastin time 50–60 s, followed by fractionated heparin subcutaneous injections for 2 weeks. β-Cell graft function assessed on day 75 post-transplantation was good, according to Igls criteria, with complete elimination of severe hypoglycemic episodes and 50% reduction in insulin requirements. Time spent within the target glucose range (70–180 mg/dl) improved from 42% to 98% and HbA1c declined from 8.7% to 6.7%. Supplemental “old school” islet purification allowed for the safe and successful utilization of a robust and high-quality islet preparation, which otherwise would have been discarded.
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Kiil, Martin, Raimo Simson, Karl-Villem Võsa, Alo Mikola, Martin Thalfeldt, and Jarek Kurnitski. "Respiratory infection risk based ventilation and room conditioning design method with year-round thermal comfort control in modern office buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235605008.
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The new decade will be a major challenge for built environment to satisfy building users and owners demands for superior IEQ in the work environment and tackle infection risk issues brought by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We collected thermal comfort and IAQ data from modern Estonian office buildings showing that improvements are needed in whole chain of the HVAC science, engineering and manufacturing because current solutions in these buildings have led to many complaints of draught and readjustments of supply air temperature have typically compromised energy performance. To achieve Category II or I IEQ, more systematic design methodologies are needed. Additionally, ventilation rate and air distribution dimensioning based on respiratory infection risk has to be taken into use as a complementary method of existing ones for office space AC and ventilation design, where both net floor area and occupant number define the required ventilation. Based on air velocity and temperature (operative, supply air and local) measurements conducted in five office buildings a new IEQ design methods were developed to satisfy the thermal comfort indices leading to low occupant complaints and not compromising energy performance at the same time. In well ventilated Category I and II office spaces, control of draught risk is an extensive design task for which new methodology was developed. Our method focuses separately on IEQ parameters during heating, cooling and midseason, from which the latter one is the longest and the most dominating one. The design method is presented by connecting thermal comfort and infection risk with ventilation rate. Infection risk based air flow rate selection diagram and corresponding air velocity diagrams for an open plan office and 3-person room showing the possibilities to size ventilation for the event reproduction number of R = 0.5 were constructed.
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Wise, Thomas N., Lee S. Mann, Niru Jani, Walter Kozachuk, and Sushma Jani. "Convergent Validation of the Illness Effects Questionnaire." Psychological Reports 75, no. 1 (August 1994): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.248.
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The Illness Effects Questionnaire, Illness Behavior Questionnaire, and visual analog scales of mood were given to 100 adults with nonmalignant headaches. Using regression analysis, scores on IBQ Disease Conviction, IBQ Irritability, and depression accounted for 50.6% of the variance in predicting IEQ scores. Scores on the Illness Effects Questionnaire correlated with the Illness Behavior Questionnaire subscales of General Hypochondriasis (.33), Disease Conviction (.60), Affective Disturbance (.49), and Irritability (.40), and also with rated depression (.38) and anxiety (.26).
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Chinazzo, Giorgia. "Geographical distribution of the sources of IEQ complaints: an analysis through text-mining of online job reviews." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012176.
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Abstract Text-mining allows analyzing a large amount of non-structured data, such as online reviews, to gain insights about previously unknown information. Online job reviews contain a variety of information, ranging from salary estimations to interview experiences. Among this information, the text posted online can report an evaluation of the workplace’s indoor environmental quality (IEQ), describing both its positive and negative aspects. When referring to negative characteristics, online reviews can be considered to report IEQ complaints. Such complaints can be categorized according to the four IEQ aspects (i.e., thermal, visual, acoustic, and indoor air quality) and their combination. This paper exploits text-mining techniques to investigate the geographical distribution of the sources of IEQ complaints according to the location in which the job review is posted. The analysis is performed in terms of climate (according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification), country, and population (to consider the distribution between high-density and low-density areas). The results show that the distribution of the source of IEQ complaints varies according to the climate and the country, even though thermal aspects are always the largest source of discomfort in all countries and climatic zones. The more significant rates of thermal complaints are observed in the U.S. and India. They could be associated with the extensive use of HVAC systems and the restrictive operating temperatures adopted in these countries. The results also show that acoustic, indoor air quality and visual complaints are more numerous in large cities than in rural areas, where thermal complaints prevail. This paper provides a picture of the current IEQ discomfort across several geographical regions and highlights the great potential of User-Generated-Content to study various aspects of the IEQ, in this case, their geographic distribution.
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Hamad, Shalaw Hamza, and Muamal Ibrahim. "Developing an Indoor Environment Assessment Tool for Residential Buildings." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.11.04.
Full textAbstract:
The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) describes an indoor space condition that the wellbeing and comfortability are provided for the users. Many researchers have highlighted the importance of adopting IEQ criteria, although they are not yet well defined in the Kurdistan region. However, environmental quality is not necessary for the contemporary buildings of the Kurdistan Region, and there is no measurement tool in the Region. This research aims to develop an IEQ assessment tool for the Kurdistan region using Mixed method methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. Therefore, a Delphi Technique was used as a method initially developed as systematic, interactive forecasting on a panel of experts. Thirty-five Delphi Candidates have reached an agreement on selecting the criteria for the IEQ, as Spss and a particular equation has used to find criteria weights. As a result, seven criteria with 22 indicators have been selected by expert ratings. A computer-based tool (KIEQA) has been created based on the scores selected by experts. Research results show that good IEQ is essential for interior design. It also offers a suitable indoor environment for users. This research has many significant advantages since it can raise awareness of issues of indoor environmental quality for architects, experts, and policymakers. Furthermore, to draw up an action plan for existing and new interior design projects in the Kurdistan Region. Future researches may concentrate on the correlation between IEQ criteria and to develop this tool regarding different building typologies.
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Albuainain, Noora, Ghaleb Sweis, Wassim AlBalkhy, Rateb Sweis, and Zoubeir Lafhaj. "Factors Affecting Occupants’ Satisfaction in Governmental Buildings: The Case of the Kingdom of Bahrain." Buildings 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060231.
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Satisfaction is a very important factor in improving productivity and performance in the work environment. This study aims to investigate the levels of occupants’ satisfaction with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in the governmental buildings in the Kingdom of Bahrain and to investigate the impact of occupants’ demographics and building attributes (non-IEQ factors) on these levels. For these purposes, the study used a questionnaire that has 17 indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors in addition to a group of non-IEQ factors. The questionnaire was distributed by hand or using email to 279 employees in the Bahraini governmental sector. The findings of the study revealed that occupants in the Bahraini governmental buildings are not strongly satisfied with IEQ factors, especially with sound privacy, followed by visual privacy and amount of space, and then noise levels. The findings also showed that for most IEQ factors, men are more satisfied than women are, those who work in enclosed private offices are more satisfied than those who work in open-plan offices, and those who have central air-conditioning at their workplace are more than those who have a wall-mounted air conditioner. The impact of age, nature of work, duration of working in the current building and at the current workstation, weekly working hours, and proximity to the window were also investigated. Accordingly, a group of recommendations was suggested aiming to improve the levels of occupants’ satisfaction.
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Clarke, L. L., A. M. Paradiso, S. J. Mason, and R. C. Boucher. "Effects of bradykinin on Na+ and Cl- transport in human nasal epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 262, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): C644—C655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1992.262.3.c644.
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Human nasal epithelium (HNE) is a Na+ absorptive epithelium but establishes a baseline Cl- secretory current in the presence of amiloride (10(-4) M, luminal). We compared the effects of an inflammatory mediator, bradykinin (BK), on ion transport in primary cultures of HNE using double-barreled Cl(-)-selective microelectrodes. In untreated HNE, BK (10(-5) M) transiently increased the equivalent short-circuit current (Ieq). Maximal Ieq occurred with hyperpolarization of the transepithelial potential difference (Vt), which was associated with hyperpolarization and decreased resistance of the basolateral membrane; a subsequent depolarization of Vt was observed that was associated with depolarization and decreased resistance of the apical membrane. Removal of bath Cl- did not affect the BK-induced Ieq response. In amiloride-treated HNE, the electrical pattern of the BK-induced response was identical, but the magnitude of the Ieq was reduced by 54% and the change in Ieq could be abolished by removal of bath Cl-. Equivalent-circuit analysis of the response in amiloride-treated tissues indicated activation of a hyperpolarizing conductance in the basolateral membrane, followed 20-30 s later by activation of an apical Cl- conductance. We conclude that BK stimulates both Na+ absorption in untreated HNE and Cl- secretion in amiloride-treated HNE by activating a basolateral (K+) conductance. Analysis of the entire Ieq response under both conditions also suggested that BK induces a delayed activation of apical membrane Na+ and Cl- conductances.
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Obadiah, Jason. "A Report on The Acoustic Conditions of IEQ Laboratory Using ISO 3382-3." ULTIMART Jurnal Komunikasi Visual 10, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimart.v10i1.759.
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Recently, many facilities have completed new laboratories that may be used to assess various measures of Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) in office spaces. Also recently, a new standard, ISO 3382-3, was released for assessing the effects of speech on IEQ in open plan offices. The aim of this report is to assess one room of the IEQ lab using the ISO 3382-3 standard. It is expected that the data gained will be of help to researchers using the facility in the future.
Keywords: ISO 3382-3, Indoor Environment Quality, Acoustics