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1

Chen, Bingquan. "Anammox in IFAS reactor for reject water treatment." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266470.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor achieving partial nitritation/anammox process to treat reject water after dewatering of digested sludge. During the study period, dissolved oxygen setpoint, aeration mode and inflow loading were changed to evaluate their influence on the process performance and efficiency in the reactor. Four different values for dissolved oxygen setpoint were tested: 2.0 mg/L, 1.8 mg/L, 1.5mg/L and 1.3 mg/L. Three different aeration modes in a one-hour cycle were tested: 30 min, 35 min, 40 min. And two different inflow loadings were tested: 2 g N/m2∙d and 1.6 g N/m2∙d. Discussion and evaluation were based on laboratory analyses and online sensors. The highest achieved total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency was 85.6%, at 40 min aeration per hour, 2.0 mg/L dissolved oxygen and with 2 g N/m2∙day inflow NH4-N loading. Specific anammox activity (SAA) tests were also done for the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in biofilm attached to the carriers in the IFAS reactor, and the results showed that the bacteria could achieve a higher nitrogen removal rate than in the pilot-scale IFAS reactor.
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2

Zdyrska, Aleksandra. "Evaluation of Partial Nitritation/Anammox processes operated in IFAS mode." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223623.

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The main aim of the study was to optimize Partial Nitritation/Anammox process operated in pilot-scale integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) mode supplied with low-temperature mainstream wastewater and efficiency evaluation based on laboratory analysis and data from online sensors. Main tasks of research work were to stabilize the ongoing process and find the optimal conditions for maximizing effects of nitrogen removal. The use of online sensors (dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, NH4-N, NO3-N and NO2-N) has allowed continuous process monitoring. During research period the influent wastewater flow, recirculated sludge flow, time of aeration, set point of dissolved oxygen and temperature were changed. Flow of influent wastewater varied between 11.2 and 16.8 L/h resulting in HRT varying between 11.9 and 17.9h. Different strategies of aeration were tested: 20, 25 and 30 minutes of aeration in one-hour cycle with DO values of 1.0, 1.3 and 1.5 mg O2/L. The best result of nitrogen removal efficiency for IFAS reactor operated at 15°C was 46.6% (based on online data) at oxygen concentration value of 1.3 mg O2/L, with 20 minutes of aeration and 40 minutes without aeration in 1-hour cycle. After increase of temperature to 17°C higher nitrogen removal efficiency was obtained with maximum value of 48.0% (based on online data).
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3

Ograbek, Ewa. "Monitoring and controlling of deammonification process in pilot-scale IFAS system." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173856.

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In recent years, Anammox process has been investigated extensively. Today is successfully used for treatment of supernatant from dewatering of digested sludge having a high concentration of ammonia nitrogen. Currently, studies are carried out for the application of this system for the main waste water stream, which has a low concentration of ammonium nitrogen. The aim of the study was to find the optimal conditions for the activity of Anammox bacteria at low concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, a constant temperature of 25ºC and changing values of biomass in IFAS system. More than that, an assessment of the ongoing process through chemical analysis, physical parameters observation and verification data collected by the online system. Data from the online system have been revised in order to determine the useful and reliable of relevant devices. Each week once/twice analyses of the chemical parameters through laboratory analysis were performed by using Dr. Hach Lange cuvettes. Physical parameters were measured by portable devices to verify the data collected by the online system. All these activities had been made in each, of the four different, periods of the reactor operation. It is difficult to find optimal conditions for the Anammox bacteria that are susceptible to any change inside the reactor. For the evaluation of the process, after changing the parameters inside the reactor, it is necessary to keep time to adapt to new conditions by bacteria.
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4

Thomas, Wesley Allan. "Evaluation Of Nitrification Kinetics For A 2.0 MGD IFAS Process Demonstration." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31588.

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The James River Treatment Plant (JRTP) operated a 2 MGD Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) demonstration process from November 2007 to April 2009 to explore IFAS performance and investigate IFAS technology as an option for a full scale plant upgrade in response to stricter nutrient discharge limits in the James River Basin. During the study, nitrification kinetics for both ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria and plastic biofilm carrier biomass content were monitored on a near-weekly basis comparing the IFAS media, the IFAS process mixed liquor, and mixed liquor from the full-scale activated sludge process. Carrier biomass content is variable with respect to temperature and process SRT and relates to the localization of nitrification activity in the IFAS basin. Similar to trends observed for carrier biomass content (Regmi, 2008), ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity also shifted from the fixed film to the suspended phase as water temperatures increased and vice versa as the temperature decreased. The data suggest that AOB activity occurs on the surface of the biofilm carriers, while NOB activity remains deeper in the biofilm. During the highest temperatures observed in the IFAS tank, AOB activity on the media contributed as little as 30% of the total nitrification activity in the basin, and after temperatures dropped below 20 °C, AOB activity in the fixed film phase made up 75% of the total activity in the IFAS basin. During the warmest period of the summer, the media still retained more than 60% of the total NOB activity, and more than 90% of the total NOB activity during the period of coldest water temperature. This trend also points out that some AOB and NOB activity remained in the mixed liquor, even during the coldest periods. The retention of nitrification activity in the mixed liquor indicates that the constant sloughing of biomass off of the carriers allowed for autotrophic activity, even during washout conditions. Carrier biomass content and nitrification rates on the IFAS media remained constant along the length of the basin, indicating that the IFAS tank is will mixed with respect to biomass growth, although there was a concentration gradient for soluble species (NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N). In addition to the weekly nitrification rate measurements, experiments were also conducted to determine how operational inputs such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and mixing affect the nitrification rates. Mixing intensity had a clear impact on nitrification rates by increasing the velocity gradient in the bulk liquid and decreasing the mass transfer boundary layer mass transfer resistance. At higher mixing intensities, advection through the mass transfer boundary layer increased making substrate more available to the biofilm. The affect of mixing was much more profound at low DO, whereas increased mixing had less effect on nitrification rates at higher bulk liquid DO. DO also affected nitrification rates, such that as DO increased it penetrated deeper into the biofilm increasing the nitrification rate in a linear fashion until the biofilm became saturated. Another aspect of the research was modeling effective half saturation effects for AOB and NOB activity in the fixed film phase. The modeling work demonstrated that KS for AOB activity on the media was similar to accepted suspended growth KS values, while KS for NOB activity on the media was considerably higher than suspended growth KS. This trend indicates that nitrite was not as bioavailable in the biofilm and resists diffusion into the deeper part of the biofilm where NOB activity takes place. KO for both AOB and NOB activity in the biofilm was higher than typical suspended growth values because of boundary layer and biofilm diffusion resistances. In addition, the presence of readily degradable organics did not significantly affect nitrification rates on the media, but did reduce nitrification rates in the mixed liquor. That, combined with low chemical oxygen demand (COD) uptake rates indicates that little heterotrophic activity is occurring on the media.
Master of Science
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5

Sriwiriyarat, Tongchai. "Computer Program Development for the Design of IFAS Wastewater Treatment Processes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32065.

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The Integrated Film Activated Sludge Process (IFAS) was developed to reduce the cost of additional facilities required to complete year round nitrification in the design of new or retrofit wastewater treatment plants. The purpose of this project was to develop a computer-based mechanistic model, called IFAS, which can be used as a tool by scientists and engineers to optimize their designs and to troubleshoot a full-scale treatment plant. The program also can be employed to assist researchers conducting their studies of IFAS wastewater treatment processes. IFAS enables the steady-state simulation of nitrification-denitrification processes as well as carbonaceous removal in systems utilizing integrated media, but this current version supports only sponge type media. The IFAS program was developed by incorporating empirical equations for integrated biofilm carbonaceous uptake and nitrification developed by Sen and Randall (1995) into the general activated sludge model, developed by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ, previously known as IAWRC), plus the biological phosphorus removal model of Wentzel et al (1989). The calibration and evaluation of the IFAS model was performed using existing data from both an IFAS system and a conventional activated sludge bench-scale plant operated over a wide range of Aerobic Mean Cell Residence Times (Aerobic MCRT's). The model developed provides a good fit and a reasonable prediction of the experimental data for both the IFAS and the conventional pilot-scale systems. The phosphorus removal component of the model has not yet been calibrated because of insufficient data and the lack of adequately defined parameters.
Master of Science
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6

Khayi, Noureddine. "Deammonification efficiency in combined UASB and IFAS system for mainstream WWT." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210809.

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The study is about Nitrogen removal from the low concentrated mainstream wastewater after Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor process (UASB) by single-stage Partial Nitritation/Anammox process in a pilot scale reactor at Hammarby Sjöstad in Stockholm. A mixture of various concentrations of dissolved oxygen and different aeration methods have been tested in the pilot scale reactor in five months divided into five periods where the temperature was set at 15° C throughout the study. The best result was in period 4, the average nitrogen removal efficiency was 52% varying between 40 and 60 % with aeration method of the ratio R = 1/3 (R = 20 minutes with aeration to 40 minutes without aeration) and a dissolved oxygen concentration of 1.3 mg/L. Partial nitritation/Anammox is considered more environmentally friendly due to reduced energy requirements for aeration, no need for an external carbon source. The process also allows for a more cost-effective nitrogen removal from wastewater.
Vatten är nödvändigt för existensen av allt liv på jorden och spelar en avgörande roll i alla mänskliga aktiviteter. Antropogena aktiviteter förorenar denna viktiga resurs och medför stor risk för människors och djurs hälsa samt växter. Kvävebelastning från jordbruket och avloppsvatten i mark- eller vattenmiljön har resulterat till övergödning, vilket är ett miljö- och ekonomiskt problem på grund av en obalans mellan ekosystemtillförseln och den naturliga näringsförbrukningen. I denna studie behandlades avloppsvatten i en pilotskala reaktor med en integrerad fastfilm aktiverat slam (IFAS) som drivs med ett enstegs partial nitritation/Anammox-process. Kväverening från den lågkoncentrerade huvudström avloppsvatten efter Uppflöde Anaerob Slam Blankett reaktor process (UASB) undersöktes. En blandning av olika koncentrationer av upplöst syre och olika luftningsmetoder har testats i pilotskala reaktorn i fem månader uppdelad i fem perioder där temperaturen sattes vid 15° C under hela studien. De bästa resultaten i kväve reningseffektivitet var 52 % i genomsnitt i period 4 varierande mellan 40 och 60 %, luftningsmetod med ett förhållande av R = 1/3 (R = 20 minuter med luftning till 40 minuter utan luftning) och ett upplöst syre Koncentration av 1,3 mg/l. Jämförelsen tog hänsyn till alla former av utsläpp av kväve- och energikostnader för luftning. Under de senaste decennierna har vattenbehandlingsprocesserna haft många positiva utvecklingar, vilket har lett till en kvalitetsförbättring av vatten samtidigt som kostnaden för kväveavlägsnande från avloppsvatten har minskat. För närvarande flyttar kvävereningsteknik från konventionell nitrifikations/denitrifikationsprocessen till partiell nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) -processen kallad deammonification. Det verkar som om den största svårigheten är att upprätthålla en stabil ackumulation av nitrit medan man försöker delvis med nitritation av ammonium. Partiell nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) anses vara mer kostnadseffektivt avlägsnande av kväve från avloppsvatten, mer miljövänligt än konventionella nitrifikations-denitrifikationsprocesser på grund av minskat energibehov för luftning och inget behov av en yttre källa av kol.
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7

Fujii, Fábio Yugo. "Análise comparativa entre o processo de lodo ativado e o reator de biofilme de leite móvel na remoção de nitrogênio de esgoto sanitário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-12122011-134438/.

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O processo de tratamento de esgoto por lodo ativado pode ser adaptado para o recebimento de maior carga orgânica ou para a remoção de nitrogênio por meio da introdução de suportes plásticos móveis, em um processo conhecido por IFAS Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge. O objetivo do projeto é avaliar comparativamente os desempenhos dos sistemas de lodo ativado e IFAS na remoção de matéria orgânica e nitrogênio de esgoto doméstico, associados à variação da idade do lodo com referência na biomassa suspensa. O efeito da adição de suportes plásticos móveis em sistemas existentes de lodo ativado é avaliado como forma de subsidiar análises de viabilidade de emprego dessa solução para a ampliação e adaptação de estações de tratamento de esgotos domésticos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em escala piloto, mantendo dois sistemas em funcionamento em paralelo, um representando um sistema de lodo ativado com remoção de nitrogênio e outro idêntico, exceto para a introdução dos suportes plásticos móveis. Desta forma, foi possível atribuir a diferença nos resultados à presença de biomassa aderida. Foram utilizados elementos suporte com área superficial específica de 300 m²/m³ e fração de enchimento de 50%. Ambos os sistemas foram mantidos em operação estável e eficiente, considerando a remoção de matéria orgânica. No entanto, o sistema IFAS teve melhor desempenho na remoção de nitrogênio em todas as fases experimentais, confirmando as vantagens antecipadas. Os resultados foram verificados em termos de taxas de aplicação previstas para cada porção de biomassa, de acordo com as idades do lodo estudadas.
The activated sludge wastewater treatment process can be retrofitted to either receive larger organic loads or for nitrogen removal by introducing plastic media carriers, in a process known as IFAS Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge. The project aims to comparatively assess the performances of activated sludge and IFAS systems in removing organic matter and nitrogen from domestic sewage, associated to the variation of the sludge age with reference to the suspended biomass. The effect of adding plastic media carriers on existing activated sludge systems is evaluated as a subsidy for prefeasibility analysis of using this solution for the upgrading and retrofitting of municipal wastewater treatment plants. The study was developed on a pilot scale, operating two systems in parallel, representing an activated sludge system with nitrogen removal and another identical system except for the introduction of plastic media carriers. Thus, it was possible to assign the difference in results to the presence of attached biomass. Carriers were used with 300 m²/m³ specific surface area and 50% filling fraction. Both systems were kept under stable and efficient operation considering the removal of organic matter. However, the IFAS system had better performance at removing nitrogen in all experimental phases, confirming the anticipated advantages. The results were verified in terms of application rates expected for each portion of biomass in accordance with the sludge ages studied.
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8

Tjandra, Nathalia Christiani. "On the road to brand leadership : co-creating with Independent Financial Advisers (IFAs)." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2013. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6798.

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With total assets of £3,010 billion (ONS, 2012), the long-term savings and investment industry is one of the most important economic pillars in the UK. The uniqueness of this industry is that the majority of its sales to individual customers are generated through Independent Financial Advisers (IFAs) (Datamonitor, 2012; Mintel, 2012). Despite their importance, academic studies which investigate how to develop brand leadership in the IFA market are scarce. Most of the financial services branding studies to date have been established in the context of banking in the end customers market. In addition, the implementation of the Retail Distribution Review (RDR) on 1 St January 2013 will increase the complexity of the industry. The aim of this study is to investigate whether and how the co-creation of brand values with IFAs could be adopted in order to achieve brand leadership in the UK long-term savings and investments industry. To achieve this aim, this study critically examines the triadic relationship between IFAs, a provider, and customers and investigates the meaning of a successful long-term savings and investments brand to the IFAs. Therefore, this study is built upon the concepts of triadic relationship, brand equity, and co-creation. This study is conducted in collaboration with a UK based long-term savings and investments provider. A case study research method using multiple sources of evidence is adopted. Following the retroductive research approach, this study is divided into two main stages, exploratory and explanatory. The analysis of the research findings lead to the development of three interrelated frameworks: the effects and the results of interconnectedness in the triadic relationship between providers, IFAs, and end customers, the IFAs' brand equity pyramid, and the spiral model of brand values co-creation. Finally, it is concluded that the co-creation of brand value with IFAs could be the solution for the collaborative company to develop brand leadership in the longterm savings and investments industry.
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9

Liermann, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Self-energizing electro-hydraulic brake / Matthias Liermann. [IFAS, Institut für fluidtechnische Antriebe und Steuerungen]." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1000669483/34.

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10

Los, Karolina. "Evaluation of the IFAS system with Deammonification Process for Nitrogen Removal from Municipal Wastewater." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233881.

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11

Pereira, Tiago Duarte Santos. "Processo aerado termofílico combinando biomassa aderida e suspensa para tratamento de água residuária sintética de indústria de geleias e compotas de frutas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-29092014-170100/.

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Este trabalho foi teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do tratamento aerado combinando biomassa aderida e suspensa, em diferentes condições de temperatura (25ºC, 27ºC, 45ºC e 55ºC), na remoção da matéria orgânica. Foi utilizada uma água residuária sintética simulando o efluente da indústria de geleias e compotas de frutas. Os dois reatores operados foram construídos em aço inox com diâmetro de 15 cm, 58,0 cm de altura e volume útil de 10,25 L, sendo 5,125 L preenchidos com meio suporte. O experimento se deu em duas fases. Na primeira (75 dias) o reator R1 foi operado a 25ºC e o R2 a 45ºC, na segunda (60 dias) a 27ºC e 55ºC, respectivamente. O TDH variou de 10,39h a 11,86h e a carga orgânica volumétrica aplicada de 2,82 kg.m-3.d-1 a 3,51 kg.m-3.d-1. As maiores eficiências de remoção de DQO foram observadas nos reatores R1(25ºC) e R2(45ºC): 80,27±11,97% e 78,41±6,41%, respectivamente. Estas médias não diferiram entre si. A colonização do meio suporte foi satisfatória, exceto a 55ºC onde se verificou a diminuição da aderência da biomassa. Foi observado o intumescimento do lodo nas duas fases experimentais, provavelmente devido à alta biodegradabilidade da água residuária, e um maior valor de SSV no efluente dos sistemas termofílicos. Os ensaios cinéticos apontaram para uma menor dependência do sistema na parcela suspensa da biomassa para a eficiência global. A análise do DGGE mostrou diminuição na diversidade entra a biomassa aderida do reator mesofílico (25ºC) e a biomassa aderida do reator termofílico (45ºC), entretanto, esta mudança não foi tão evidente de 45ºC para 55ºC.
The aim of this study was to investigate the attached and suspended biomass performance in the organic matter removal of a synthetic jams and jellies wastewater at different temperature (25ºC, 27ºC, 45ºC and 55ºC). Two stainless steel reactors, 15 cm diameter and 58 cm high were used. The working volume was 10,25 L and the support medium occupied 5,125 L. The experiment was developed in two stages. The first stage lasted 75 days, the R1 and R2 reactors operated at 25ºC and 45ºC, respectively. The second stage lasted 60 days and the reactors operated at 27ºC and 55ºC, respectively. The HRT ranged between 10,39h and 11,86h and the volumetric load between 2,82 kg.m-3.d-1 to 3,51 kg.m-3.d-1.The highest removal efficiencies of COD occurred in R1(25ºC) and R2(45ºC) reactors: 80,27±11,97% and 78,41±6,41%, respectively. These results were not statistically different. The colonization of the support medium was satisfactory, except at 55ºC, as in this condition it was observed decreased adhesion of biomass. Bulking occurred in both stages of the experiment, probably due to the high biodegradability of this wastewater, and a highest value of MLVSS in the effluent of the thermophilic systems. The kinect experiments appointed that the suspended biomass play a minor role in the global efficiency of the system. The DGGE analysis have shown reduction in diversity when the temperature increases from 25ºC to 45ºC, nevertheless, this change was not so clear from 45ºC to 55ºC.
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12

Sriwiriyarat, Tongchai. "Mathematical Modeling and Evaluation of Ifas Wastewater Treatment Processes for Biological Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28733.

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The hybrid activated sludge-biofilm system called Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) has recently become popular for enhanced nitrification and denitrification in aerobic zones because it is an alternative to increasing the volume of treatment plant units to accomplish year round nitrification and nitrogen removal. Biomass is retained on the fixed-film media and remains in the aerobic reactor, thus increasing the effective mean cell resident time (MCRT) of the biomass and providing the temperature sensitive, slow growing nitrifiers a means of staying in the system when they otherwise would washout. While the utilization of media in aerobic zones to enhance nitrification and denitrification has been the subject of several studies and full-scale experiments, the effects and performances of fixed film media integrated into the anoxic zones of biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems have not adequately been evaluated as well as the impacts of integrated media upon enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Also, user-friendly software designed specifically to simulate the complex mixture of biological processes that occur in IFAS systems are not available. The purpose of this research was to more fully investigate the effects of integrated fixed film media on EBPR, to evaluate the impacts of media integrated into the anoxic zone on system performance, and to develop a software program that could be used to simulate the effects of integrating the various types of media into suspended growth biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems. The UCT type configuration was chosen for the BNR system, and Accuweb rope-like media was selected for integration into the anoxic zones of two IFAS systems. The media also was integrated into the aerobic reactors of one of the systems for comparison and for further investigation of the performance of the Accuweb media on enhanced nitrification and denitrification in the aerobic zones. The experiments were conducted at 10 day total MCRT during the initial phase, and then at 6 days MCRT for the experimental temperature of 10 oC. A13 hour hydraulic retention time (HRT) was used throughout the study. A high and a low COD/TP ratio were used during the investigation to further study the effects of integrated media on EBPR. The PC Windows based IFAS program began with the concepts of IAWQ model No. 2 and a zero-dimensional biofilm model was developed and added to predict the IFAS processes. Experimental data from the initial study and existing data from similar studies performed at high temperatures (>10oC) indicated that there were no significant differences in BNR performances between IFAS systems with media integrated into the anoxic and aerobic or only aerobic zones and a suspended growth control system maintained at the same relative high MCRT and temperature values. Even though greater biological nitrogen removal could not be achieved for the experimental conditions used, the experimental results indicated that the IFAS systems with fixed film media installed in the anoxic zone have a greater potential for denitrification than conventional BNR systems. As much as 30 percent of the total denitrification was observed to occur in the aerobic zones of the system installed the media only anoxic zones and 37% in the system with integrated media in both anoxic and aerobic zones where as no denitrification was observed in the aerobic zones of the control system when the systems were operated at 6 days MCRT and COD/TP of 52. It is statistically confirmed EBPR can be maintained in IFAS systems as well as Control systems, but the IFAS processes tend to have more phosphorus release in the anoxic zones with integrated fixed film installed. Further, the combination of split flow to the anoxic zone and fixed film media in the anoxic zone resulted in the decreased EBPR performances in the IFAS system relative to the control system.
Ph. D.
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13

Rezgui, Hichem. "Contingence de la normalisation comptable pour les banques islamiques entre le légitime et le légal : une étude des convergences comptables des IFAS vers les IAS/IFRS." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0972.

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La finance islamique connaît depuis trois décennies une croissance soutenue. La problématique de recherche consiste à vérifier si l’existence de normes de comptabilité financière spécifiques aux institutions financières islamiques peut être un obstacle à l’objectif d’harmonisation comptable internationale entrepris depuis une quarantaine d’années avec la création de l’IASC. Une première phase de recherche normative suggère que les valeurs comptables issues d’une morale « islamique » seraient incompatibles avec les valeurs comptables portées par les normes internationales d’information financière (IAS/IFRS). Cependant, une deuxième phase descriptive et comparative confirme la convergence des normes comptables islamiques (IFAS) vers les IAS/IFRS illustrant un comportement « schizophrénique » du normalisateur comptable islamique (AAOIFI). En effet, cet organisme érige des normes conformes à la jurisprudence islamique pour les règles comptables de présentation mais qui convergent vers les IAS/IFRS pour les règles d’évaluation, mettant, alors, en relief la fonction « communication relationnelle » des données comptables. Afin d’étudier les facteurs de cette convergence, nous adoptons, dans une troisième phase explicative, une double approche théorique (Sociologie néo-institutionnelle et théorie de la dichotomie sacré-profane) et nous réalisons des entretiens avec les membres de deux comités opérationnels de l’AAOIFI : le comité Charia et le comité comptable (AASB). Ainsi, la convergence comptable s’expliquerait par le mimétisme des banques islamiques et de l’AAOIFI qui adoptent les mêmes réflexions et comportements que les banques classiques et le normalisateur comptable international (IASB). De même, des « luttes professionnelles » entre les deux comités opérationnels de l’AAOIFI aboutissent à la domination des membres du comité comptable plus influencés par une « culture IFRS » orientant, alors, certains choix de normalisation vers un renforcement de la convergence des IFAS vers les IAS-IFRS. De ce fait, des conflits entre « juridictions » professionnelles aux frontières mal définies permettent l’établissement d’une échelle de pouvoir et facilitent l’agissement d’effets mimétiques, coercitifs et normatifs
Islamic finance has grown steadily for three decades now. The research question consists inchecking whether the existence of specific standards of financial accounting for Islamicfinancial institutions can be a hindrance to the goal of international accounting harmonization undertaken over the last forty years with the creation of the IASC. A first normative phase of research suggests that accounting values resulting from Islamic moral are incompatible with the accounting values of International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS / IFRS). However, a second descriptive and comparative phase confirms the convergence of Islamic Financial Accounting Standards (IFAS) to IAS / IFRS illustrating a "schizophrenic" behavior of the Islamic accounting standard-setting body (AAOIFI). Indeed, this organization sets up standards in compliance with Islamic jurisprudence for accounting presentation rules but that are converged with IAS / IFRS for valuation rules, while highlighting the "relational communication" of accounting data. To study the factors of this convergence, we take in a third explanatory phase, a dual theoretical approach (neo-institutional sociology and theory of sacred-profane dichotomy) and perform some interviews with members of two operational committees of AAOIFI: the Shariah Board and the Accounting Board (AASB). Thus, the accounting convergence is explained by the mimicry of Islamic banks and Islamic accounting standard-setting body that adopt the same thoughts and behaviors than conventional banks and the International Financial Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Similarly, "professional struggles" between the two operational committees of AAOIFI lead to the domination of the accounting committee members that are more influenced by an "IFRS culture" while directing some decisions of standard-setting process towards greater convergence of IFAS to the IASIFRS.Thus, conflicts between professional jurisdictions with ill-defined borders allow theestablishment of a scale of power and facilitate the conduct of mimetic, coercive andnormative isomorphism
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14

Sen, Dipankar. "Cod removal, nitrification and denitrification kinetics and mathematical modeling of an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) system." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08272007-163816/.

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15

Oliveira, Daniel Vieira Minegatti de. "Avaliação da remoção de nitrogênio via nitrificação e desnitrificação simultânea em um reator biológico com leito móvel (IFAS)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-03052016-154733/.

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O fenômeno conhecido como Nitrificação e Desnitrificação Simultânea (SND) significa que em um mesmo reator ocorre simultaneamente a nitrificação e a desnitrificação, sob condições de operações idênticas, podendo ser justificada principalmente pela teoria de microambiente no floco ou biofilme. Assim, em um único reator, sob condições controladas de oxigênio dissolvido (OD) e elevados tempos de residênciacelular épossível que ocorra a nitrificação e a criação de zonas anóxicas no interior dos flocos ou biofilme para a ocorrência da desnitrificação. Neste sentido, a tecnologia MBBR/IFAStem como característicaelevado tempo de residência celular do biofilme formado nos meios suporte presentes no reator. Deste modo, neste estudo avaliou-se a remoção de nitrogênio via SND em um sistema IFAS quando submetido a diferentes concentrações de OD e Tempo de DetençãoHidraulica de 5,5 e 11 horas, tratando efluente sanitário e efluente sintético. Os resultados experimentais demonstraram que pode ser possível desenvolver efetiva SND com concentrações de OD média de 1,0 mg.L-1 e 1,5 mg.L-1. Sendo que, foram obtidas eficiência média de remoção de NTde cerca de 68% e concentrações médias efluente de N-NH4 de aproximadamente 5,0 mg L-1, de N-NO3 inferiores a 4,5 mg L-1 e de N-NO2 em torno de 0,1 mg L-1, e com eficiência média de remoção DQO solúvel acima de 90%, quando empregado efluente sintético. Ademais, por meio da avaliação da emissão de Óxido Nitroso (N2O), foi possível comprovar que a desnitrificação ocorreu de forma efetiva.
The phenomenon known as Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SND) means that in the same reactor simultaneously occurring nitrification and denitrification under identical operations conditions, and can be mainly explained by the microenvironment theory inside the floc or biofilm. Therefore, in a single reactor under controlled conditions of dissolved oxygen (DO) and high Solids Retention Time (SRT) it is possible that the nitrification happens and the creation of anoxic zones within the flocsor biofilm to the occurrence of the denitrification. In this sense, the MBBR/IFAS technology is characterized by high SRT of the biofilm formed on the carriers present in the reactor. Thereby,this work evaluated the nitrogen removal through SND in a IFAS system when submitted to different DOconcentrations and Hydraulic Retention Time of 5.5 hours and 11.0 hours, treating domestic and synthetic effluents. The experimental results showed that it may be possible to develop effective SND withaverage concentrations of DO of 1.0 mg L-1 and 1.5 mg L-1. It was obtained a TN average removal efficiency about 68%, and an average effluent concentration of NH4-N of approximately 5.0 mg L-1, of NO3-N less than 4.5 mg L-1 and ofNO2-N around 0.1 mg L-1, and an average CODsoluble removal efficiency above 90%, employing synthetic effluent. Furthermore, by evaluating the Nitrous Oxide(N2O) emission, it was possible to prove that the denitrification occurred effectively.
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16

Kritzinger, Marco. "Design of an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system for possible application at the Borcherds Quarry WWTW." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29394.

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Nitrification can be seen as the weakness of a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process employing biological nutrient removal (BNR). Suspended nitrifiers only grow in the aerobic zone of the biological reactor but are subjected to anaerobic and anoxic conditions where no nitrifier growth takes place. To establish a nitrifier population that consistently produces low effluent ammonia concentrations, long sludge ages are required (about 15 to 25 days) in South African BNR wastewater treatment plants. This results in relatively large biological reactors. Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) systems have been used extensively in European and Scandinavian countries. This process entails the addition of moving-bed biofilm carriers in certain zones of an activated sludge system to establish biofilm growth. The most successful application has been the addition of these carriers in the aerobic zones of activated sludge plants to facilitate the growth of nitrifiers on the biofilm. This allows nitrifiers to grow independently from the suspended sludge age since it remains stationary on the biofilm in the aerobic tank. The system is thereby relieved from the requirement of a long suspended sludge age. For the University of Cape Town (UCT) process commonly employed in South Africa, it is shown that a suspended sludge age of 5 to 7 days is adequate to meet final effluent standards when converted to an IFAS process. As a result, an UCT-IFAS process can treat 50% to 70% more wastewater in an existing process volume or reduce the size required for a new installation by 30% to 40% when compared to a conventional UCT process with a minimum wastewater temperature of 14°C. The intricacies and challenges associated with designing an IFAS process are unpacked in this thesis to gain a better understanding of what is required to harvest the potential benefits.
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17

Bailey, John Ashley. "Perceptions and impacts of the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) Extension Mentoring Program." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011830.

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18

Spahn, Kristen M. "An assessment of the needs and perceptions of the Florida horse owner and the UF/IFAS extension adult horse program." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011801.

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19

Campos, Fabio. "Influência do recebimento de lixiviado de aterro sanitário sobre o tratamento de esgoto em processo de lodo ativado e reator integrado de lodo ativado com biofilme em leito móvel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-13012015-111342/.

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O uso de aterros sanitários como forma de disposição dos resíduos sólidos urbanos constitui-se na alternativa mais usual tanto do ponto de vista econômico, como na correta disposição final do lixo. Entretanto, a geração de lixiviados permanece como uma inevitável consequência do uso de tal tecnologia. Das diversas alternativas de controle desse líquido percolado, destaca-se seu envio para estações de tratamento de esgoto sanitário. No presente estudo, avaliou-se o impacto causado pela introdução de cargas progressivas de lixiviado em conjunto com o esgoto sanitário em dois sistemas pilotos de tratamento: um de lodos ativados convencional e outro, um modelo híbrido do tipo IFAS (Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge). A pesquisa foi dividida em três fases, mantendo-se as mesmas condições operacionais e alterando, em cada fase, a contribuição de lixiviado na composição da carga afluente, em valores de 5 por cento , 10 por cento e 20 por cento em relação à carga de DBO5,20. Os resultados obtidos a partir da investigação experimental permitiram concluir que o aumento progressivo da carga advinda do lixiviado não provocou redução na eficiência de tratamento em ambos os sistemas, em nenhuma fase da pesquisa. Obtiveram-se, para o processo IFAS, índices de remoção de matéria orgânica, expressos em DBO, da ordem de 87 por cento com a contribuição de 5 por cento e 10 por cento de lixiviado e de 80 por cento com 20 por cento de lixiviado; no processo de lodos ativados, tanto com 10 por cento e 20 por cento de carga de lixiviado, a eficiência foi de 80 por cento , os resultados referentes à fase de 5 por cento , nesse processo, foram prejudicados em decorrência de problemas operacionais. Em relação à oxidação de compostos nitrogenados, expressos em termos de NTK, observaram-se para o processo IFAS remoções acima de 90 por cento em todas as fases, indicando que a nitrificação ocorreu de forma satisfatória. No processo de lodos ativados, os índices de remoção foram de 72 por cento com 5 por cento de lixiviado e de 65 por cento com 10 por cento e 20 por cento , indicando um rendimento abaixo do esperado. Estudos relativos à composição da biomassa presente em ambos os processos não revelaram aspectos que as diferenciem significativamente em termos quantitativo; tão poucos indicaram alterações provocadas na microfauna em função da adição da carga de lixiviado. Os coeficientes cinéticos referentes ao metabolismo heterotrófico não apresentaram variações em função do aumento da contribuição do lixiviado, mantendo-se semelhantes aos encontrados na literatura; já os valores obtidos para constante máxima de crescimento (m) das bactérias nitritantes apontaram uma redução em torno de 76 por cento e 41 por cento para os processos de lodos ativados e IFAS, respectivamente, quando comparados com dados relativos à fase preliminar, sem adição de lixiviado; tal fato, contudo, não provocou interrupção ou inibição no rendimento da nitrificação. Ensaios de toxicidade aguda demonstraram significativa redução deste potencial em relação ao afluente, sobretudo, no processo IFAS, sendo que a técnica Microtox® mostrou-se mais sensível do que o teste com microcrustáceo Daphnia similis. Em linhas gerais, o processo IFAS demonstrou um desempenho superior em termos de eficiência de remoção tanto de matéria orgânica como nitrogenada, bem como maior estabilidade operacional.
The utilization of landfills as an urban solid waste management technology constitutes an economically viable alternative of final waste disposal. However, the generation of contaminated leachate remains as an inevitable consequence of this technology. Among various treatment alternatives for that percolated liquid, a major one is sending it to a wastewater treatment plant. The present paper evaluated the impact caused by the introduction of progressive leachate loads together with domestic sewage in two pilot scale treatment plants: an activated sludge plant and a hybrid model type IFAS (Integrated fixed-film activated sludge) plant. The research was divided into 3 phases, maintaining the same operation conditions in both pilot plants and changing at each phase the amount of leachate in the composition of the influent to percent values of 5 per cent , 10 per cent and 20 per cent . Results obtained from the experimental investigation demonstrated that the leachate load did not cause inhibition of the treatment process in both pilots, at any phase of the research. For the IFAS process, removal rates of organic matter in terms of BOD were on the order of 87 per cent with leachate contributions of 5 per cent and 10 per cent , and 80 per cent with 20 per cent of leachate contribution. Regarding the activated sludge process, at both 10 per cent and 20 per cent of leachate load, the BOD removal efficiency was 80 per cent . The results from the 5 per cent leachate contribution phase were not available due to operational problems. Regarding nitrogen removal, in terms of NTK, a removal efficiency over 90 per cent was observed for the IFAS process in all phases, showing that nitrification occurred in a satisfactory way; as for the activated sludge process, the removal rates were 72 per cent with 5 per cent of leachate contribution and 65 per cent with 10 and 20 per cent leachate contributions, results lower than expected. The study of the biomass composition did not show aspects that differ significantly in quantitative terms for both processes; and it did not show any changes in the micro fauna due to the leachate addition. The kinetic coefficients related to the heterotrophic metabolism did not present variation due to the increase of leachate addition, being similar to those found in the literature. On the other hand, the obtained values for the maximum growth rate (m) of nitrifying bacteria pointed to reductions of about 76 per cent and 41 per cent for the activated sludge and IFAS processes, respectively, when compared with data related to the preliminary phase, without leachate addition. This fact, however, did not cause disruption or inhibition to affect the nitrification yield. Acute toxicity assays demonstrated significant reduction of this potential relative to affluent, especially on the IFAS process, and the Microtox® technique appeared to be more sensitive. In a more general way, the IFAS process presented a better performance than the activated sludge process in terms of removal efficiencies of organic and nitrogenous matter, as well as higher operating stability.
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20

Moretti, Paul. "Performances, modélisation et limites d'un procédé à lit fluidisé associant culture libre et fixée (IFAS) pour le traitement du carbone et de l'azote des eaux résiduaires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10214/document.

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Motivées par des normes de rejets en azote toujours plus sévères et par les besoins d'extension de certaines stations d'épuration, les agglomérations sont à la recherche de nouvelles technologies de traitement plus compactes et plus performantes. Dans ce sens, le procédé hybride, à lit fluidisé placé dans un réacteur de type boues activées (IFAS), est une nouvelle technologie de traitement du carbone et de l'azote très attractive. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'optimiser le dimensionnement du procédé IFAS en configuration trois bassins (anoxie/aérobie BA/aérobie IFAS) et d'apporter des recommandations sur la conduite du procédé (charge massique appliquée, température.). Pour cela, une double démarche expérimentale et numérique a été mise en place. Un pilote de 3 m3 alimenté en eau usée brute a été conçu, instrumenté et étudié pendant 2 ans au cours de 7 périodes stabilisées (entre 0,15 et 0,30 kgDBO5/kgMVSLM/j, température entre 10 et 22°C, et le séquençage de l'aération dans les bassins). La concentration en MES dans la liqueur mixte a été maintenue à 2,3 gMES/L et la concentration en oxygène entre 2 à 6 mgO2/L. Les capacités de nitrification du biofilm et de la liqueur mixte (NPRmax) ont été mesurées tous les 15 jours. Les performances d'élimination de l'azote (nitrification et dénitrification) et du carbone observées sont restées supérieur à 90% d'élimination pour une charge massique maximale de 0,30 kgDBO5/kgMVSLM/j entre 16 à 24°C. Le biofilm dispose d'une capacité de nitrification maximale de 0,90 gN/m2/j et tributaire des concentrations en oxygène dans la liqueur mixte (contraintes diffusionnelle). Le biofilm contribue en moyenne à hauteur de 60% du flux total nitrifié dans le réacteur IFAS pour des âges de boues < 5 jours à 16°C. La diminution du MLSRT en dessous de 4 jours a permis de limiter le développement des bactéries autotrophes dans la liqueur mixte (minimum 10% du flux total nitrifié par la liqueur mixte) mais pas de les supprimer totalement (apport de nitrifiante par détachement de biofilm)
Motivated by the increasingly demanding discharge consents and by the need to improve overall treatment capacity, water authorities are uninterruptedly examining better performing and more compact wastewater treatment technologies. Thanks to its compactness and to its capacity to treat both organic matter and nitrogen at an affordable cost, the IFAS process represents an attractive addition to improve retrofitting-activated sludge plants performance. The main objective of this thesis is to optimize IFAS process with regards to key operation parameters such as dimensioning, F/M ratio by combining experimental and mathematical modelling approaches. A 3 m3 pilot IFAS fed with raw wastewater was operated at the experimental hall of La Feyssine wastewater treatment plant, Villeurbanne, for a period of 2 years. The IFAS process was separated in 3 tanks to treat organic matter and total nitrogen separately (anoxic/aerobic, suspended/aerobic IFAS). The experimental study was divided in 7 periods with different steady state operation conditions each. The feasibility of nitrification at steady F/M ratios (between 0,1S to 0,30 kgBODS/kgMLVSS/d), at constant temperatures (between 10 - 22°C) and at different oxygen supply rates was investigated. TSS in mixed liquor were maintained at 2,3 gMLTSS/L and oxygen concentration between 2 to 6 mgO2/L. Biofilm mass and combined nitrification capacity of biofilm and mixed liquor (NPRmax) were measured on a weekly basis. The removal performance was up to 90% for nitrogen and carbon treatment with a maximal F/M ratio of 0,30 kgBODS/kgMLVSS/d between 16°C to 24 °C. The biofilm was able to nitrify 0,90 gN/m2/d (NPRmax) depending on the oxygen concentration in the mixed liquor (diffusional limitation). Under the operating conditions tested in this study, biofilm was responsible for 40 to 70% of NOx-N production in IFAS reactor during nitrification. Decreasing the MLSRT to less than 4 days limits the growth of autotrophic bacteria in the mixed liquor but does not halt it completely
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21

Robiglio, Alessio. "Nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater by mainstream Partial Nitritation/Anammox process." Thesis, KTH, Vatten- och miljöteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235919.

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Mainstream Partial Nitritation/Anammox, also known as Mainstream Deammonification, is a promising technology for future wastewater purification that aims to remove nitrogen from wastewater in order to prevent the eutrophication. It is less costly than the traditional nitrification/denitrification process and it heads towards the direction of converting the WWTPs from energy consuming into energy producing facilities.   This Master’s thesis is based on a study regarding the nitrogen removal from mainstream wastewater. It was conducted at Hammarby Sjöstadsverk that is a research facility in the area of the Henriksdal Waste Wastewater Treatment Plant in Stockholm. Three parts of the study were developed. The main one had the purpose to evaluate the process performances of a biological pilot-scale IFAS reactor used for Mainstream Deammonification that was operated from October 2017 to March 2018. This evaluation was addressed to comprehend how the pilot-scale reactor works at different operational conditions. The remaining studies analysed the progress of the pilot-scale reactor in relation to different factors and to the settling properties of the activated sludge used in the process.   It was found that the process performances improved by changing the aeration pattern from 40 to 50 minutes for non-aeration time and from 20 to 10 minutes for aeration time and by increasing the dissolved oxygen set-point from 0.6 to 1.0 mg/L. The enhancement of the performances consisted in an inhibition of nitrite oxidizing bacteria and rise of the total nitrogen removal efficiency. In addition, anammox biofilm was observed to grow on the carriers and it was observed that the activated sludge did not have good settling properties.
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22

Carranza, Muñoz Andrea. "Mainstream Deammonification process monitoring by bacterial activity tests." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281698.

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Deammonification is a widely used technology for side stream treatment with rich ammonium streams at relatively high temperatures, such as, the reject water coming from dewatering units in treatment of digested sludge and industrial wastewaters. The deammonification process has lower operational costs than conventional systems, consumes less energy, enables the increase of biogas production and it is easy to implement. However, this technology has not yet been applied in full- scale mainstream treatment due to its restrictions in coping with high C/N ratios, low temperatures, and the need for post-treatment processes. These conditions are allegedly negative to the growth and performance of anammox bacteria affecting the bacterial groups’ behavior in the process. This master thesis project aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using deammonification to remove nitrogen from mainstream wastewater, which was studied by monitoring the bacterial activity in a pilot scale reactor. The different bacterial groups involved (AOB, NOB, heterotrophs, and denitrifiers) were monitored by weekly measuring their activity in batch activity tests. The results allowed the evaluation of different operational scenarios and their impact by following up on the changes in the bacterial competition. The study was conducted for six months in a single-stage IFAS (integrated fixed-film activated sludge) pilot-scale reactor located in Stockholm and fed with pretreated (with a UASB) municipal wastewater. The different operational scenarios involved changes in temperature, aeration patterns, DO concentration, SRT, and HRT. The adjustment of these features was done in the interest of promoting AOB and anammox bacterial growth, leading to an improvement of the deammonification efficiency in future studies. However, the chosen operational conditions were to enhance bacterial competition and facilitate its visualization, not to maximize nitrogen removal. Thus, the most suitable scenario found during this study included DO concentration of 1.5 mg/L with 10 aeration-20 non-aeration pattern and ensured nitrogen removal rates within normal values while allowing the monitoring of all the bacterial groups. TN removal reached a value above 50% and NH4-N above 95%, whereas nitrogen Removal Rate (NRR) increased to 30g/N/m3-d and the system had an overall nitrogen removal efficiency of 75%. Nevertheless, it was proven that in the right environment, the necessary bacterial groups can be selectively accumulated and successfully perform deammonification and reduce nitrogen levels in mainstream wastewater.
Deammonifikation är en välanvänd teknik för rening av sidoströmmar med höga ammoniumkoncentrationer vid relativt hög temperatur, som till exempel rejektvatten från avvattning av rötslam eller industriellt avloppsvatten. Deammonifikationsprocessen har lägre driftkostnad än konventionella reningsprocesser, förbrukar mindre energi samt möjliggör högre biogasproduktion samtidigt som processen är enkel att implementera. Reningstekniken har dock ännu inte tillämpats i fullskala för rening av huvudströmmen på grund av den höga C/N-kvoten och de låga vattentemperaturerna i kommunalt avloppsvatten samt behovet av efterbehandling. Detta anses ha en negativ inverkan på anammoxbakteriernas tillväxthastighet och funktion vilket påverkar bakteriegruppens beteende i processen. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utvärdera om det är praktiskt genomförbart att använda deammonifikation för att rena kväve från kommunalt avloppsvatten, vilket följdes upp genom att studera bakterieaktiviteten i en pilotskalereaktor. De involverade bakteriegrupperna (AOB, NOB, heterotrofer och denitrifierare) övervakades genom att mäta den mikrobiella aktiviteten varje vecka med hjälp av batch-tester. Resultaten användes till att utvärdera olika driftstrategier och deras effekt genom att följa förändringarna i mikrobiell aktivitet hos de konkurrerande bakteriegrupperna. Studien genomfördes i Stockholm under sex månader i en enstegs-IFAS-pilotskalereaktor (integrerad process med biofilm på fast bärarmaterial och aktivslam) som matades med kommunalt avloppsvatten som förbehandlats i en UASB-reaktor. De olika driftstrategierna omfattade olika temperaturer, luftningsstrategier, syrekoncentrationer, slamåldrar och hydrauliska uppehållstider. Syftet med driftstrategierna var att främja AOB- och anammoxbakteriers tillväxt för att i framtida studier kunna erhålla en förbättrad deammonifikationsprocess. Syftet i denna studie var dock i första hand att förbättra den bakteriella konkurrensen och göra den lättare att mäta, inte att uppnå bästa möjliga kväverening. Den driftstrategi som gav bäst resultat i denna studie innebar att hålla en syrehalt på 1,5 mg/l med 10 minuter luftning följt av 20 minuter utan luftning vilket säkerställde en normal kväveavskiljning och samtidigt möjliggjorde övervakning av samtliga fyra bakteriegrupper. Totalkväveavskiljningen var över 50 % och ammoniumavskiljningen över 95 % medan kvävereningsaktiviteten ökade till 30 g N/m3-d och systemet hade en övergripande effektivitet på 75 %. Studien visade att under rätt förutsättningar kan de nödvändiga bakteriegrupperna selekteras fram och deammonifikation av kommunalt avloppsvatten kan utföras på ett framgångsrikt sätt.
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23

Paulin, Oskar. "Vårt gemensamma vatten : Konflikt eller samarbetsområde? En komparativ fallstudie om Aralsjöns och Victoriasjöns delade vatten." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-55638.

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All life on Earth is based on and is constantly dependent on flows of water through every plant, every animal and every human body. This makes water Earth's most important natural resource. Lack of water can cause enormous suffering to faculty of agriculture, industry and local ecosystem. Although models, research and pure common sense shows the rational and positive in cooperating on shared water resources, it takes time to build up a stable cooperation between the different political states. Although a generalization is not possible, it is possible to find patterns that despite prevailing political situation, there is a willingness and desire to override political differences and seek a sustainable development in the region. Today there is a consensus among scientists that shared water combined with water shortages, often causes political conflicts. These disputes rather get the parties to realize that they are dependent on each other to get the water they need, and that they find ways to cooperate.
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24

Joseph, Diana, and Anders Sandström. "IAS/IFRS?" Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1826.

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Datum: 2006-10-10

Nivå/utbildning: Kandidat uppsats

Författare: Diana Joseph och Ander Sandström

Handledare: Gösta Söderlund

Titel: IAS/IFRS?

Problem: Hur påverkas företag och dess intressenter av IAS/IFRS

implementeringen och hur har deras föreberedelser fungerat?

Syfte: Att få en djupare inblick i hur företagsintressenterna i form av revisorerna och analytiker har förberett sig inför IAS/IFRS införandet.

Metod: En kvalitativ studie

Resultat/slutsatser: Att respondenterna till stor utsträckning varit väl förberedda inför den nya standarderna och att de överlag är positivt inställda till en ökad jämförbarhet och harmonisering av redovisningsreglerna. Det finns dock vissa värderingsproblem av tillgångar som uppstår och där inte alla respondenter har samma åsikter om hur de kan lösas.

Sökord: IAS/IFRS, Goodwill, redovisning, koncernredovisning, de nya

standarderna, impairment test, intangible assets

Omfång, sidor: 50

Antal ref/källor: 26

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25

Jirmusová, Lucie. "Implementace IFRS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72062.

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Main topic of this diploma thesis is an overall analysis of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) implementation. However it focuses not only on the implementation process itself but it also describes IFRS as such; deals with its history and its function in both international and Czech accounting environments. Part of this thesis is also a comparison of bookkeeping according to Czech accounting regulations and international accounting standards; summary of legal differences, and problems that come with these differences. Second part of the thesis introduces an analysis of the implementation process shown on a particular Czech company -- RETAL CZECH a.s.
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Youssef, Sandra, and Malin Englund. "IFRS 4 : En studie över försäkringsbolagens motiv för frivillig applicering av IFRS och implementering av IFRS 4." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28662.

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Studien syftar till att undersöka hur tillämpningen och implementeringen av IFRS 4 sett ur hos onoterade försäkringsbolag under tidsperioden 2004- 2014 samt analysera huruvida specifika faktorer kan påverka bolagens val att övergå till IFRS. Detta genom att kombinera ett kvantitativt och ett kvalitativt angreppssätt. Vår data har genererats från en enkätstudie men vår primära data har genererats från  har en dokumentstudie av årsredovisningar. Uppsatsens empiri tyder på att majoriteten av de svenska försäkringsföretagen valt att upprätta sina finansiella rapporter i enlighet med lagbegränsad IFRS/IFRS och därmed IFRS 4.  Frivillig övergång till IFRS påverkas bland annat av bolagets struktur och internationella aktivitet. Vidare så pekar empirin på att implementeringen av IFRS 4 har skett stegvis, implementeringen av IFRS 4 hos bolagen har alltså skett stegvis och varit mjuk och flexibel.
This study aims to examine if certain motives have a significant influence on unlisted insurance company, whom is not required by law to apply IFRS, to use IFRS. Futhermore this study aims to anayize how the implementation of IFRS 4 been in unlisted insurance companys. To reach our stated objective, this studie we adopt a positivist  approach where  our emperic data consist primarly of our findings from analyzing insurance companys financial reports to create a picture over the implementation and use of IFRS 4. Our findings indicate that the majority of unlisted swedish insurance companys have chosen to apply IFRS and thereby IFRS 4.  This volountary choice to use IFRS may be determined by the companys structure and international activity. Furthermore our findings indicate that the implementation of IFRS 4 have been varied inbetween the companys as a direct result of implemenation occuring gradually and flexibly.
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27

Tenselius, Jakob, and Johannes Thornell. "IFRS 2005 : Övergången till IFRS i små svenska börsnoterade bolag." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1988.

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Bakgrund: Dagens näringsliv har fått en alltmer global prägel och de flesta börsnoterade företagen har internationella kontakter i någon form. EU- parlamentet har beslutat att alla bolag vars aktier eller skuldebrev är noterade på en börs ska upprätta sin koncernredovisning enligt International Financial Reporting Standards, IFRS, och detta måste följas av samtliga noterade bolag inom EU senast 1 januari, 2005.

Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att beskriva och förklara hur väl anpassade små svenska företag är och vilka eventuella problem de har i anpassningen till IFRS. Syftet är vidare att skapa en beskrivande modell över hur företagens anpassningsprojekt bör utformas.

Avgränsningar: Med små företag avses i denna uppsats företag som är noterade på de officiella listorna och har en omsättning som understiger 200 miljoner kronor. De officiella listorna är A-listan, O-listan, NGM (New Growth Market) och Aktietorget. Genomförande: Informationen i det empiriska avsnittet har erhållits genom att kvalitativa telefonintervjuer genomförts.

Resultat: Små svenska börsnoterade bolag har ganska låg medvetenhet om vad som krävs av dem i övergången till IFRS vilket tyder på att de är relativt dåligt anpassade till de nya reglerna. På grund av företagens utformning kan vissa företag ändå klara övergången utan några större problem.

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Nieminen, Jan-Erik, and Tahir Khan. "IFRS 3 & IAS 39 : Övergången till IFRS – resultatmässiga effekter." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6085.

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Från och med den 1 januari 2005 måste alla börsnoterade bolag redovisa enligt IFRS. Fördelar med IFRS är harmonisering av redovisningsprinciperna mellan olika länder, internationellt enhetlig redovisningspraxis och att investerare lättare kan jämföra olika företags finansiella information som är baserade i olika länder. Nackdelar med IFRS är att reglerna är mer omfattande och detaljerade än de tidigare rekommendationerna från Redovisningsrådet. Vid införandet av IFRS 2005 förutspådde branschfolk inom redovisningsområdet att de nya redovisningsreglerna skulle ha en stor effekt på resultatet och det egna kapitalet och många var kritiska till att reglerna var för mycket orienterade mot marknadsvärdering. Därför är det av intresse att veta vilka effekter som har uppkommit på grund av IFRS 3 och IAS 39, som på förhand förutspås påverka företagen mest. Syftet är därför att belysa i vilken omfattning IFRS 3 och IAS 39 har påverkat resultatet och det egna kapitalet ur aktieägarnas perspektiv. För att kunna uppnå rapportens syfte har en kvantitativ metod tillämpats och urvalet har systematisk slumpats fram från Stockholmsbörsens A- och O-lista. Datainsamlingen har rakt igenom bestått av hård data från de valda företags årsredovisningar 2004 samt från kvartalsrapport 1 och 3 från 2005. Ur den empiriska undersökningen framgår det att de flesta företag inte har haft någon påverkan eller max en 20 procents ökning av resultatet på grund av IFRS 3. 2 bolag har dock redovisat en ökning av resultatet efter skatt med över 100 procent. Indelningen i affärsområde visar att företag inom Verkstäder och annan traditionell industri och inom det tämligen nya området Bio- och Medicinsk Teknik har haft en stor inverkan av IFRS 3. Inverkan av IFRS 3 har däremot varit mycket begränsad inom affärsområden som Handel och Bygg. Effekterna har uppkommit på grund av att goodwillavskrivningarna har återförts. Således har den största delen av resultatförbättringen uppkommit av att goodwillavskrivningarna har slopats. IAS 39 hade en marginell påverkan på de flesta företags egna kapital i öppningsbalansen men det har funnits undantag. Fyra företag har haft en ökning av det egna kapitalet med mer än 51 procent. Cherry har haft den största positiva effekten genom en ökning av det egna kapitalet med 227 procent. Den påverkan som IAS 39 har haft på företagens resultat fram till den 30 september 2005 har i princip varit betydelselös eller har inte varit möjlig att utläsa utifrån kvartalsrapport 3. Bara ur 5 företags kvartalsrapport 3 har effekten av IAS 39 på det egna kapitalet varit utläsbart. Företagens informationsgivning har varit ett återkommande tema i uppsatsen. I analysen framgår det att informationsgivningen vid övergången till IFRS, framförallt IAS 39, inte har tillmötesgått Conceptual Framework, IASB: s föreställningsram, som behandlar begrepp och principer av den finansiella informationen som är till för externa användare. Få företag har lämnat ut någon information om nedskrivningsbehov av goodwill. Följaktligen borde det någon gång i framtiden uppkomma ett nedskrivningsbehov av goodwill som får en relativt stor påverkan på resultatet men för en aktieägare är det svårt att prognostisera när nedskrivningsbehovet kan komma att uppstå. Informationen om IAS 39 har varit bristfällig, vilket gör att det är svårt att dra en slutsats. Enligt IAS 39 ska det finnas extra information avseende de finansiella instrumenten men utifrån vår studie har inte denna informationsgivning varit särskilt mer omfattande jämfört med föregående års delårsrapporter.

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Johansson, Ellen, and Aazam Noori Jaganeh Sadr. "Implementering av IFRS 15 : Ur tre IFRS-redovisande företags perspektiv." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151398.

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Bakgrund och problem: Den 1 januari 2018 trädde den nya intäktsstandarden IFRS 15 Intäkter från avtal med kunder i kraft. Alla företag som redovisar enligt IFRS och är verksamma inom EU måste därmed anpassa sin redovisning efter den. Standarden anses komplex då den innebär ett nytt synsätt på intäktsredovisning. Företagen ställs inför förändringar och implementeringsprocesser, som för de flesta utgör svårigheter och problem. De mest berörda branscherna är bygg och entreprenad, IT och telekom samt detaljhandeln. Syfte: Studien syftar till att undersöka hur företagen har implementerat IFRS 15. Genom det önskar vi öka kunskapen om vilka faktorer som har betydande påverkan vid implementering av en standard. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Företag från de mest berörda branscherna har valts ut. För att säkerställa att företagen kan bidra till studien, har ett urval gjorts via analys av bokslutskommunikeer. Företag som uttryckt att IFRS 15 kommer ha väsentlig påverkan har kontaktats. Enkätfrågor rörande planering, utbildning, målformulering samt resultat har sedan besvarats av tre företag inom branscherna bygg och entreprenad samt IT och Telekom. Slutsatser: Samtliga företag har via en välplanerad handlingsplan, med fokus på tidsplanering, haft ett proaktivt arbetssätt. Korta och koncisa mål, internutbildningar samt val av utbildningsmetod har haft påverkan på implementeringen. Engagemang från chefer och ledning i form av aktivt deltagande har prioriterats i två av företagen, men haft lägre prioritet hos det tredje. Användning av externhjälp i form av konsulter och projektledare har ökat kunskapsnivån hos företagen. Sammanfattningsvis har tre betydande faktorer vid implementeringen av IFRS 15 identifierats: mål och handlingsplan, utbildning och kompetens samt chefers och ledningens engagemang.
Background and problem: January 1st, 2018, the new revenue standard IFRS 15 - Revenue from contracts with customers became effective. All companies that report in accordance with IFRS and are domiciled in the EU must therefore adjust their reporting accordingly. The standard is considered complex as it contributes to a new approach to revenue recognition. Companies face changes and implementation processes that generally contribute to difficulties and problems. The most affected industries are building and construction, IT and telecommunications and retail. Purpose: The study aims at investigating how companies have implemented IFRS 15. By this, we wish to increase knowledge about which factors that have significant impact on implementing a standard. Method: The study has a qualitative research method. Companies from the most affected industries have been selected. In order to ensure that the selected companies can contribute to the study, disclosures of changes in accounting policies, in the interim reports for the fourth quarter of 2017, were analyzed. Companies that expressed that IFRS 15 will have a significant impact has been contacted. Survey questions regarding planning, education, goal formulation and results have been answered by three companies in the building and construction industries as well as IT and Telecom. Conclusion: Through a well-planned action plan, focusing on time management, all three companies have had a proactive approach. Short and concise goals, internal training and choice of education methods have had an impact on the implementation. Commitment from managers and management by active participation has been prioritized in two of the companies, but had a lower priority in the third. The use of external assistance in the form of consultants and project managers has increased the level of knowledge in the companies. In summary, three significant factors in the implementation of IFRS 15 have been identified: goals and action plan, education and competence, and the commitment of managers and management.
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30

Nilsson, Therése, and Elizabeth Ehrnfelt. "Effekter av IFRS." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6098.

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Till följd av en ökad harmonisering inom EU skall alla börsnoterade företag inom EU följa och tillämpa International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) i sina koncernredovisningar från och med den 1 januari 2005. Företag som berörs är de som har aktier eller skuldebrev noterade på en reglerad marknad. I Sverige är Aktietorget, North Growth Market samt Stockholmsbörsen reglerade marknader. Den största förändringen till följd av IFRS implementeringen är att värdering av poster i balansräkningen kommer att ske till verkligt värde istället för till anskaffningsvärdet. Förändringen av värderingsprinciper kommer i sin tur att leda till en ökad volatitlitet i företagens resultat. Studiens syfte var att påvisa effekter som uppstått i koncernredovisningen till följd av IFRS implementeringen för posterna goodwill, immateriella tillgångar samt materiella tillgångar. Om dessa poster påverkats av IFRS, har det då inneburit att resultatet påverkats? Studien genomfördes som en kvantitativ undersökning baserad på information inhämtat från årsredovisningar för 15 utvalda företag noterade vid Stockholmsbörsen. Med hjälp av regressionsanayls har vi försökt att påvisa huruvida det föreligger ett samband mellan de utvalda balansposterna och resultatet. Studien visar att goodwill är den post som har påverkats mest till följd av IFRS implementeringen.

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Henriksson, Eva, and Anna Sand. "Aktierelaterade Ersättningar IFRS 2 : Vilka faktorer påverkar efterlevnaden av IFRS 2?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2533.

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32

Mahlstedt, Dirk. "IFRS und Bilanzrating eine empirische Untersuchung auf Basis von IFRS-Erstanwendern." Lohmar Köln Eul, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3080269&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Mahlstedt, Dirk. "IFRS und Bilanzrating : eine empirische Untersuchung auf Basis von IFRS-Erstanwendern /." Lohmar [u.a.] : Eul, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3080269&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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34

Zagrosek, Stefan. "Die Segmentberichterstattung nach IFRS Auswirkungen des ED IFRS 8 Operating Segments /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00637298002/$FILE/00637298002.pdf.

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35

Kheraifia, Emin, and Viktor Lind. "IFRS 3 - En revisorsfråga : Vilka faktorer påverkar tolkningen av IFRS 3?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167816.

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Bakgrund: IFRS 3 togs fram för att öka transparensen i de finansiella rapporterna genom att i högre grad särskilja immateriella tillgångar från goodwill och därmed höja informationsvärdet och beslutsanvändarbarheten för användare av de finansiella rapporterna. Ur ett svenskt perspektiv har dock inte IFRS 3 fått det genomslag IASB önskat, och det är därför av intresse att försöka förklara vilka revisorsspecifika faktorer som har en påverkan på hur IFRS 3 tolkas. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att förklara vilka faktorer hos revisorn som påverkar mängden allokerad goodwill vid rörelseförvärv enligt IFRS 3. Metod: Genom ett eklektiskt angreppssätt och deduktion försöker vi förklara vilka faktorer hos revisorn som påverkar mängd allokerad köpeskilling till goodwill vid rörelseförvärv. Sekundärdata används och studien är av tvärsnittsdesign. Resultat: Resultatet visar att byråtillhörighet samt revisorns geografiska placering har påverkan på goodwillredovisningen. De företag med KPMG som revisionsbyrå har en lägre andel av köpeskillingen hänfört till goodwill, och likaså för de företag som är kunder hos de mindre kontoren. Kunskapsbidrag: Genom att försöka förklara vilka faktorer som påverkar goodwillredovisningen bidrar studien med kunskap till området kring vad som påverkar, eller inte påverkar, tolkningen av IFRS 3 på en revisorsspecifik nivå. Studien visar att byråskillnader existerar och har påverkan i hur IFRS 3 tillämpas samt att det studien bidrar med ett nytt perspektiv kring teorin om att större kontor är mer oberoende av sina klienter.
Background: IFRS 3 was brought to the accounting practice to increase transparency in the financial reports by separating intangible assets from goodwill to a higher degree and thereby increasing the informational value and decision usefulness for users of the financial reports. However, IFRS 3, from a Swedish perspective, has not had the impact that was wished for by the IASB, and hence it is of interest to try to explain which auditor specific factors that have an impact on the interpretation of IFRS 3. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain which auditor specific factors that affects the amount of the purchase price allocated to goodwill in case of acquisitions according to IFRS 3. Method: By using an eclectic approach with multiple theories and a deductive method we are trying to explain which auditor specific factors that affects the allocation of the purchase price to goodwill in case of acquisitions. The study uses secondary data and the study is of cross-sectional design. Result: The results indicate that factors that affect the allocation of the purchase price to goodwill are the auditor’s geographical location and to which bureau the auditor belongs to. Clients to KPMG experience a lower allocation of the purchase price to goodwill compared to its branch colleagues. The same result is shown for smaller offices. Contribution: By trying to explain which factors that affect the allocation of the purchase price this study contributes with knowledge regarding which factors do, or do not, affect the interpretation of IFRS 3 on an auditor specific level. The study shows that differences between bureaus exists and has an impact on how IFRS 3 is applied in practice. It also debates earlier theory stating that bigger offices should be less dependent on its clients which we find no evidence of. Instead we find that smaller offices are less dependent and thus producing audits with higher quality.
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Mika, Anna. "Evaluation of Nitration/Anammox process by bacterial activity tests." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173853.

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Partial Nitritation/Anammox process (deammonification process), by which occurs oxidation of ammonium to nitrogen gas by autotrophic bacteria in anaerobic conditions, considered to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of nitrogen removal. Present research work focuses on achieving a high nitrogen removal degree, thanks to Anammox bacteria, while providing the best performance of the ongoing process. Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor was supplied with the main stream of the wastewater after UASB reactor, characterized by low concentration of nitrogen and organic matter. The bacteria ability to accommodate, were tested in the biofilm and in the activated sludge, depending on the different stages in which the process were being conducted. Batch test, such as Specific Anammox Activity (SAA), Nitrate Uptake Rate (NUR) and Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR), were used for the evaluation of activity of various groups of bacteria. On the basis of laboratory analysis verified the values obtained from the batch tests. It was determined that a high degree of nitrogen removal (92% of NH4-N) was achieved thanks to the dominant activity of the Anammox bacteria, with low participation of other groups of bacteria. It was also proved, that Anammox bacteria activity were overwhelming in the biofilm. Dominant role of Ammonium Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) was associated with high activity of Anammox bacteria, which together satisfyingly out-competed Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria (NOB) and heterotrophic bacteria. It has been shown that Anammox bacteria quickly adapt to the new conditions and they are able to assume a dominant role, even in the case of inoculation of the reactor with the sludge from SBR. This allows conclude, that in the case of operational problems, the reactor can be supplied from another source, in order not to inhibit the process.
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Verdum, Priscila de Lima. "Formação inicial de professores para educação básica, no contexto dos IFs: propondo indicadores de qualidade, a partir de um estudo de caso no IFRS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7081.

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The training of Primary and Secondary Education Teachers, especially from the 1990s on, has become the focus of constant educational policies in the international, national and local levels. In Brazil, mainly after the National Educational Bases and Guidelines Law of 20 December 1996 (LDB/96), a wide process of implementation of initial and continuous training programs and courses for Primary and Secondary Teachers was started, in order to encourage chiefly higher education training. In this context of increasing number of vacancies for teacher training were implanted the Federal Instituted of Education, Science and Technology (Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia - IFs), which were established by the Law n. o 11. 892 of 2008, and which must allot 20% of their vacancies to this end. Hence, there is a new locus, with little or no experience in offering teaching degrees and, at the same time, an institutional model with peculiar characteristics, such as the verticalization of education, which allows direct interaction with Primary and Secondary Education for trainer teachers and teaching degree students, the carrying out of formative paths inside the same education institution (from Primary and Secondary Education to Graduate Studies), and the proposal of training based on the triad teaching, research and extension. Seen in these terms, the view defended is that the Federal Institutes with a verticalized structure, together with the triad teaching, research and extension, can be a fruitful means of teacher training, if strategic actions that take into consideration the characteristics of their teaching degrees and their institutional context are conceived and planned. To support this idea, this research investigated which dimensions should be considered, with the aim to construct quality indicators for initial training in these institutions’ context. This research of qualitative nature, which constitutes a study-case, was carried out in Campuses that offer teaching degree courses in the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande Sul (IFRS). The participating subjects were administrators (provosts and deans in the university units), course providers, and senior-year-students of teaching degree courses; the data collection technique involved comprehensive interview and application of mixed questionnaires; the data collected was analyzed on the basis of Discursive Textual Analysis (Análise Textual Discursiva - ATD) procedures, by Moraes and Galiazzi (2007).The results based on this data were organized in three main points explored in the empirical investigation: positive aspects and/or potentialities, challenges in offering of teaching degree courses that were noticed during the research, and proposals to qualify such process in the IFRS. The dimensions to be observed arise from the analysis with the objective to qualify initial training of teachers for Primary and Secondary Education, that is: the administration, the curriculum, the pedagogical practices and the training of trainers, for which quality indicators were established. In all of them, the verticalization of teaching was emphasized, considering its potential to provide innovative, quality teacher training processes.
A formação de professores para a Educação Básica, principalmente a partir da década de 90, tornou-se alvo constante das políticas educacionais em nível internacional, nacional e local. No Brasil, sobretudo após a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação, de 20 de dezembro de 1996 (LDB/96), foi desencadeado um amplo processo de implantação de programas e cursos de formação inicial e continuada de professores da Educação Básica, com vistas a incentivar, principalmente, a formação em nível superior. Nesse contexto, de expansão de vagas para a formação docente, foram inseridos os Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs), criados pela Lei nº 11. 892 de 2008, e que devem destinar 20% das suas vagas para este fim. Com isso, tem-se então um novo lócus, com pouca ou nenhuma experiência na oferta de cursos de licenciatura, e, ao mesmo tempo, um modelo institucional com características peculiares - como a verticalização do ensino, que permite uma interlocução direta com a Educação Básica para professores formadores e licenciandos, a realização de percursos formativos dentro de uma mesma instituição (desde a Educação Básica até a Pós-Graduação), e a proposta da formação baseada no tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Nesse sentido, a tese defendida foi a de que os IFs com estrutura verticalizada de ensino, aliada à tríade ensino, pesquisa e extensão, podem ser um meio profícuo para a formação dos docentes, se concebidas e planejadas ações estratégicas que considerem as características das suas licenciaturas e do seu contexto institucional. Para defender essa ideia, investigou-se quais dimensões devem ser consideradas, com o objetivo de construir indicadores de qualidade para a formação inicial, no contexto dessas instituições. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, do tipo Estudo de Caso, foi realizada em Campus que ofertam cursos de licenciatura no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande Sul (IFRS). Os sujeitos participantes foram gestores (pró-reitores e diretores de ensino das unidades), coordenadores de curso, e alunos do último ano de licenciatura; as técnicas de coleta de dados envolveram entrevista compreensiva e aplicação de questionário misto; o material coletado foi analisado com base nos procedimentos da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), de Moraes e Galiazzi (2007).Os resultados desses materiais foram organizados a partir dos três grandes eixos, explorados na investigação empírica: aspectos positivos e/ou potencialidades, desafios percebidos na oferta dos cursos de licenciatura, e proposições para qualificar esse processo no IFRS. Da análise, derivaram-se as dimensões a serem observadas, com vistas à qualificação da formação inicial de professores para a Educação Básica, a saber: a gestão, o currículo, as práticas pedagógicas, e a formação de formadores, para as quais foram construídos indicadores de qualidade. Em todas elas, a característica da verticalização do ensino foi enfatizada, tendo em vista seu potencial para proporcionar processos de formação docente inovadores e com qualidade.
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Andén, Johan, and Mariah Jansson. "IFRS 3 ny goodwillværdering." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7959.

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Den 1 januari 2005 infördes en ny redovisningsstandard för noterade koncernföretag inom EU; IFRS/IAS. Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa en bild av i vilken utsträckning svenska koncernbolag anpassat valda delar av sin redovisning efter regelverket IFRS 3. 23 svenska koncernbolags årsredovisningar, noterade på den nordiska börsens Large Cap-lista har legat till grund för empirin. Slutsatserna är att koncernerna överlag visat sig vara bra på att uppfylla upplysningskraven i samband med nedskrivningstest av goodwill. Med ett enda undantag har samtliga upplysningskrav uppfyllts av åtminstone 50 % av företagen. Särredovisningen av immateriella tillgångar från goodwill är dock mer bristfällig. Av de 23 företag som undersökts är det bara 6 som gjort nedskrivningar under 2005 och det kan konstateras att det nya regelverket har fått stor påverkan på företagens koncernresultat. Framtiden kommer med all säkerhet visa en praxis som företagen bättre kan följa, då år 2005 blev lite av ett provår.

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Wennerholm, Caroline, Marie Larsson, and Jakob Celik. "IFRS : merarbete för företagen?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-81.

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Introduktion: Från och med januari 2005 ska alla noterade moderbolag inom EU ha anpassat sig till den internationella redovisningsstandarden, IFRS. Syftet med IFRS är att med hjälp av internationella regler skapa en enhetlig, integrerad och mer effektiv europeisk kapitalmarknad. I och med övergången till IFRS är EU nu världens största region med gemensamma redovisningsprinciper. Syftet med studien är att identifiera och klarlägga om merarbete har uppkommit för svenska noterade företag i och med anpassningen till de nya IFRS-standarderna samt att ge en generell bild av posten IAS 19, Ersättningar till anställda.

Metod: För att uppnå syftet med vår studie har vi valt att använda oss av en kvalitativ inriktning i form av intervjuer. De fyra företagen som intervjuats finns i Jönköpingsregionen.

Teoretisk referensram: Teorin presenteras i tre större avsnitt; harmonisering, IFRS samt IAS 19. Det ges även en bakgrund till internationell samt nationell redovisning.

Slutsats: Studiens slutsatser är bland annat att en harmonisering av redovisningsstandarder inte har inneburit så många fördelar som litteraturen har påvisat. Vidare har IFRS inneburit en utökad upplysningsplikt som har resulterat i merarbete för företagen. Slutligen har IAS 19 inneburit merarbete för företag som använder sig av förmånsbestämda pensionsplaner.


Introduction: From January 2005 all listed companies within the EU are required to adapt to the new international accounting standards, IFRS. The aim of IFRS is to create a uniform, integrated and a more efficient European capital market. Due to the transition to IFRS the EU is now the world’s largest region with common accounting standards. The aim of this thesis is to identify and explain if additional work has arisen for the listed Swedish companies due to the new IFRS standards. Further, this thesis also includes a general description of a specific standard, IAS 19 Employee Benefits.

Methodology: In order to achieve the purpose of our study, we have chosen to apply a qualitative approach. Four companies in the region of Jönköping were chosen and interviewed.

Frame of reference: The frame of reference is divided into three sections; harmonization, IFRS and IAS 19. The theory also includes a background to international as well as domestic accounting.

Conclusion: The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are for example that a harmonization of the accounting principles have not contributed to all benefits mentioned in the literature. Furthermore, IFRS denotes additional work for the companies. Finally IAS 19 also includes additional work for the companies using define benefit plan.

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Wetterholm, Emelie, and Mari Bergström. "Övergången till IFRS : Konsekvenser." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-100.

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Bakgrund : EU: s antagande av förordningen (EG) nr. 1606/2002 om tillämpning av internationella redovisningsstandarder innebär att alla börsnoterade bolag i medlemsländerna måste tillämpa de i förordningen angivna IFRS-standarderna i sin koncernredovisning från och med 2005.

Problem: Införandet av IFRS för noterade bolags koncernredovisningar kommer att innebära olika konsekvenser för berörda bolag. Trots att svenska bolag tidigare redovisat enligt RR kommer övergången att innebära vissa väsentliga skillnader mot tidigare sätt att redovisa.

Syfte: Syftet med vår uppsats är att beskriva vilka skillnader redovisning enligt IFRS innebär jämfört med tidigare sätt att redovisa enligt RR för bolag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen samt att beskriva och förklara eventuella konsekvenser som det nya sättet att redovisa ger upphov till.

Metod: En kvalitativ undersökning i form av telefonintervjuer har genomförts med nio börsnoterade bolag.

Slutsats: De väsentligaste skillnaderna av redovisning enligt IFRS jämfört med tidigare sätt att redovisa är värdering till verkligt värde samt att goodwill inte längre får skrivas av. De ekonomiska konsekvenserna av övergången till IFRS är i första hand utbildningskostnader samt ökade revisionsarvoden. Organisatoriska konsekvenser är i första hand merarbete för berörda bolag.


Background EU: s adoption of enactment (EG) no. 1606/2002 about application of international accounting standards means that all companies listed on a stock exchange within the union must apply the IFRS standards in the company´s group financial statements starting 2005.

Problem: The introduction of IFRS for companies listed on a stock exchange will mean different consequences for those companies. Despite the fact that Swedish companies have accounted in accordance with RR, the transition will mean some essential differences.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe what differences accounting ac-cording to IFRS will mean compared to earlier way of accounting according to RR for companies listed on the Stockholmsbörsen, and to describe and explain possible consequences the new way of accounting might cause.

Method: A qualitative study with nine listed companies has been carried out through telephone interviews.

Conclusions: The most essential differences from accounting according to IFRS compared to earlier way of accounting are valuing at market value and the fact that goodwill no longer can be depreciated. The economic consequences of the transition to IFRS are first and foremost educational costs and increased auditing fees. The main organisational consequence is the extra work for the companies concerned.

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Hydén, Marcus, and Filiph Andersson. "IFRS påverkan på goodwillredovisningen." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28331.

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Svensk titel: IFRS påverkan på goodwillredovisningen. Engelsk titel: IFRS impact on the accounting of goodwill Författare: Filiph Andersson och Marcus Hydén Utgivningsår: 201505 Handledare: Titti Eliasson Nyckelord: IFRS, goodwill, IAS, nedskrivning   Bakgrund: Före införandet av IFRS regelverket skulle företag skriva av goodwilltillgångar linjärt över en bestämd livslängd i enlighet med ÅRL. Att skriva av en goodwilltillgång med lika stora andelar varje år tog i och med planenligheten ingen hänsyn till den verkliga värdeförändringen hos den underliggande goodwilltillgången. Detta resulterade i att företag ibland även om där inte förelåg ett avskrivningsbehov tvingades till att skriva av värdet på goodwilltillgången. Problem uppstod även när goodwilltillgångarna uppvisade större avskrivningsbehov än de planenliga. Detta resulterade i att goodwilltillgångarna skrevs av i mindre omfattning än nödvändigt. Att tillämpa planenliga avskrivningar leder därför till att redovisningens grad av rättvisandebild riskerar att ifrågasättas. 2005 lanserades IFRS regelverket (International Financial Reporting Standards) i Sverige och gällde då samtliga börsnoterade företag. Ett av huvudsyftena med införandet var att försöka öka graden av rättvisande bild gällande goodwillhanteringen. Detta skulle uppnås genom att företag istället för att tillämpa planenliga avskrivningar nu skulle genomföra årliga nedskrivningsprövningar av samtliga goodwilltillgångar. Målet med att tillämpa nedskrivningsprövningar istället för planenliga avskrivningar var att till en högre grad redovisa goodwilltillgångars beräknade verkliga värden och på så sätt öka graden av rättvisande bild i företagens redovisning.   Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur redovisningen av goodwill förändrats sedan införandet av IFRS regelverket. Syftet är även att få kunskap rörande problematiken som införandet av detta regelverk medfört. Frågeställningen vi ställer oss i arbetet är: Hur har införandet av IFRS regelverket förändrat redovisningen av goodwill?   Metod: Vår empiriska undersökning innefattar tio företag noterade på OMX Stockholm Large cap som alla redovisar goodwill över perioden 2002-2013. Vår uppsats är en blandning mellan ett kvalitativt och kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt. Vi har samlat in data från företagens årsredovisningar samtidigt som vi utarbetat tre antaganden utifrån fem befintliga teorier.  Datan vi samlat in används för att analysera och dra slutsatser gällande de antaganden vi arbetat fram. Teorierna som ligger till grund för antagandena är: Principal-agent teorin, Earning management teorin, Positiv redovisningsteori, Income smoothing och Big Bath.   Resultat: Våra empiriska resultat visar på att den procentuella nedskrivningskostnaden av goodwill rörande valda företag minskar kraftigt över undersökningsperioden. Vi ser även att andelen goodwill i förhållande till totala tillgångar ökar över undersökningsperioden, detta är ett direkt resultat av den reducerade nedskrivningstakten. De största förändringarna ser vi runt åren då IFRS regelverket infördes. Dessa resultat styrks av teorierna Principal-agent teorin, Earning management teorin och Positiv redovisningsteori. Våra beräkningar finner inget stöd för teorierna gällande Income smoothing och Big Bath. Vårt resultat pekar på att företag, efter införandet av IFRS eventuellt tenderar till att använda det nya regelverket som ett verktyg för att minimera sina kostnadsposter gällande goodwill och på så sätt manipulera räkenskaperna. Motivet till detta är att företagsledningar vill presentera så bra resultat som möjligt. Detta har möjliggjorts i och med införandet av IFRS regelverket vars syfte var att öka graden av rättvisande bild genom att tillämpa beräknade verkliga värden. Då beräkningarna av det verkliga värdet till en hög grad bygger på subjektiva bedömningar ifrån företagsledningarna är vår slutsats att det nya regelverket missbrukas av företagsledningar i deras jakt på så stora vinster som möjligt. Med dessa resultat kan vi även ifrågasätta om införandet av IFRS haft den avsedda effekt gällande rättvisande bild som var tänkt eller om det snarare varit kontraproduktivt. Dessvärre kan vi inte med säkerhet dra några definitiva slutsatser då våra resultat och den utveckling vi ser eventuellt skulle kunna vara påverkade av andra faktorer som ligger utanför den här uppsatsens ramar.
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Salewski, Marcus. "Accounting quality under IFRS." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-135412.

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Since 2005, publicly traded European companies are required to prepare their consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This is the result of the so-called “IAS-Regulation” of the European Parliament and of the European Council (Regulation (EC) No. 1606/2002) which formulates two objectives directly related to financial reporting: (higher) comparability and transparency of financial statements. With regard to transparency, researchers often rely on proxies to measure the quality of financial statements. In this dissertation, I follow this approach and examine the quality of IFRS financial statements relying on different proxies, such as value relevance, the degree of earnings management, and disclosure quality. The four papers in this dissertation cover research questions related to the determinants and consequences of managerial discretion in the three most important components of financial statements: the balance sheet, the income statement, and the notes. In summary, this dissertation answers important questions concerning the quality of accounting under IFRS which have remained unanswered – and in some cases even unasked – until now. Therefore, this dissertation has a material impact on the understanding of accounting quality under IFRS.
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Juma, Abid, and Leonardo Sarkar. "IFRS 15 - Ny intäktsredovisningsstandard." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-36475.

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Bakgrund/Problemdiskussion: Framtagandet av intäktsstandarden IFRS 15 påbörjades efter ett antal skandaler som visat på en problematik i det traditionella synsättet med att erkänna intäkter. Ett flertal debatter har uppkommit i hur den nya omfattande intäktsstandarden kommer ge effekt i redovisningen. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för varför intäktsströmmar påverkas respektive inte påverkas i och med övergången till IFRS 15. Metod: Vi har med utgångspunkt från en kvantitativ forskningsansats samlat in det empiriska materialet för denna studie. Detta har gjorts genom att främst utgå från data som finns i bolagens årsredovisningar 2017. För vissa bolag har även bokslutskommunikén 2017 använts som komplement för årsredovisningarna. Bolag som studerades var samtliga Large Cap bolag på Nasdaq Nordic STO.   Empiri: Av totalt 95 bolag visade 19 bolag att de fick en kvantifierbar effekt av den nya intäktsstandarden. 75 bolag redovisade att de inte skulle få någon kvantifierbar effekt av den nya intäktsstandarden, medan 1 bolag blev bortfall för studien. Slutsatser: Den nya intäktsstandarden har inneburit att bolagen behövt iaktta ett fokus på kontroll vilket bestämmer tidpunkten för intäktsredovisningen. I denna studie går det inte att avgöra ifall specifika intäktsströmmars karaktärer varit grunden till den kvantifierbara effekten som IFRS 15 givit, utan detta har snarare bestämts av det fördelade transaktionspriset på prestationsåtaganden vilket satt kontraktets värde.
Background: The development of a new revenue recognition standard IFRS 15, began after a number of scandals that showed problems with the traditional approach of recognizing revenues. The comprehensive revenue standard has arisen many discussions of how the standard will impact the accounting of enterprises.    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand why revenue streams gets affected and not gets affected of the transition to IFRS 15.    Method: The data for this study has been collected, through a quantitative research. The data has mainly been collected from the company´s annual reports 2017. The Q4 reports for 2017 has for some companies been used as a complement to the annual report. The study contained all Large Cap companies listed at Nasdaq Nordic STO.   Results: Of a total of 95 companies, 19 companies showed that they had a quantifiable effect of the new revenue standard. 75 companies reported that they would not have a quantifiable effect of the new standard, while one company was a loss for this study.   Conclusions: The new revenue standard has meant that companies need to observe a focus on control, which determines the timing of the revenue recognition. In this study, it is not possible to assess whether the characteristics of specific revenue streams have been the basis of the quantifiable effect that IFRS 15 has given, but this has rather been determined by the distributed transaction price on performance commitments, which set the value of the contract.
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Ennen, Sebastian, and Milan Bacetic. "IFRS 16 i Hotellbranschen." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-19944.

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The international accounting standards board´s (IASB) former accounting standard, IAS 17 was replaced by IFRS 16 on the first of January 2019. The main reason for the implementation of IFRS 16 is because IASB wants organizations to include all their leasing contracts on their balance sheets. This means that operational leasing contracts will be treated in the same way as financial leasing contracts. Prior research has shown that IFRS 16 will have a big impact on the hotel industry. However, research has not gone any deeper than that since IFRS 16 is a relatively new accounting standard. Our research seeks to examine the subject on a deeper level, to fill the research gap. The purpose of this paper is to examine and understand how accounting processes and financial reports are affected by IFRS 16 in the hotel industry. The empirical data has been analyzed through institutional theory, more specifically coercive isomorphism and legitimacy theory.   The research study adopts a qualitative approach and the empirical data was obtained through semi-structured interviews from three different listed hotel companies. Documents from practitioners, IASB and internal documents from the interviewees have also been used in this study.   The results of this study show that IFRS 16 affects the accounting system, collection of operational leases, costs, key performance indicators, budgeting process and transparency. Our study has also contributed to fill the research gap that was highlighted in the problematization section above. This was done by reaching new insights about IFRS 16 impact on accounting systems and financial reports in the hotel industry.
Den internationella redovisningsstandardstyrelsens (IASB) tidigare redovisningsstandard IAS 17, ersattes av IFRS 16 den första januari 2019. Den främsta anledningen till att IFRS 16 skapades var att IASB ville att alla bolags leasingavtal skulle finnas med på balansräkningarna. Detta innebär att operationella leasingkontrakt kommer att behandlas på samma vis som finansiella leasingkontrakt. Tidigare forskning har indikerat att IFRS 16 kommer att ha stor påverkan på framförallt hotellbranschen. Forskningen har däremot inte gått djupare än så eftersom IFRS 16 är en relativt ny redovisningsstandard. Vår studie avser därför att undersöka detta ämne på en djupare nivå och fylla forskningsgapet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och förstå huruvida redovisningsprocessen och de finansiella rapporterna påverkas av den nya redovisningsstandarden, IFRS 16 Leasingavtal, i hotellbranschen. Studien har använt sig av den institutionella teorin, mer specifikt tvingande isomorfism och legitimitetsteori för att analysera empiriska data.   Studien antar en kvalitativ forskningsansats och empiriska data har samlats in via semi-strukturerade intervjuer från tre börsnoterade hotellbolag. Därtill har dokument från praktiserande revisorer, redovisningsorganisationer och interna dokument från respondenterna använts i studien.   Vår studies resultat visar att IFRS 16 bidrar till att redovisningssystem, insamling av operationella leasingkontrakt, kostnader, nyckeltal, budgeteringsprocess och transparensen påverkas. Vår studie har även bidragit till att fylla det forskningsgap som uppmärksammades i problematiseringen ovan, genom att komma fram till nya insikter om IFRS 16 påverkan på redovisningssystem och finansiella rapporter i hotellbranschen.
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Svobodová, Tereza. "Vykazování výnosů podle IFRS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5283.

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The thesis deals with rules for right reporting of revenues, which result from International accounting standard IAS 18 -- Revenue. There is briefly characterized the harmonization of financial reporting in the introduction. After that follows the development and the history of IFRS. The third part contains the analysis of the standard IAS 18 -- Revenue and standard IAS 11 -- Construction contracts, including three according interpretations. The final section is focused on the research of ten annual reports with a view to explain the observance of IFRS standards in pracitice.
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Gyén, Juraj. "Zajišťovací účetnictví v IFRS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-7597.

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Zajišťovací účetnictví v IFRS upravuje standard IAS 39 - Finanční nástroje - účtování a oceňování a dálší standardy. Zajišťovací účetnictví je možností, jak vykazovat finanční deriváty v případě, že je účetní jednotka používá jako zajištění například proti kursovému riziku. V diplomové práci se nacházi popis podmínek, které účetní jednotka musí splnit, aby mohla zajišťovací účetnictví aplikovat. Jednou z podmínek zajišťovacího účetnictví je pravidelné testování efektivnosti zajištění po celou dobu trvání zajištění. Toto je v práci popsáno na komplexních příkadech, společně s dokumentací, kterou by měla účetní jednotka zhotovit.
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Pulcmanová, Eva. "IFRS 3 Podnikové kombinace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72002.

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International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS 3 Business Combinations settles the rules of identifying, measuring, accounting and reporting for the business combinations. It decides, what is, or is not, a business combination, and explains different types of it. It asks an acquirer to use the acquisition method for accounting for the business combination at the date of acquisition. Especially to correctly recognize all the assets and liabilities acquired in the business combinations, to measure them at their fair value at the date of acquisition, to measure goodwill, and to report the information on business combination required in his financial statements. This thesis deals with the most important aspects of the business combinations, especially mergers. It explains also the most significant differences of the standard IFRS 3 Business combinations compared to the previous vision, and to some national legal regulations, and mentions also the probable development of the international accounting in the future. An attention is given also to the cross-border acquisitions. In its practical part, the thesis focuses to evaluation of fulfilling the requirements to disclose information on business combination in practice.
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48

Paušová, Iva. "IFRS 4 - Pojistné smlouvy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113646.

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This thesis is dedicated to the newly proposed International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS 4 - Insurance contracts, lists and describes the most important points of the standard in the first and the second phase of the project. The first phase of the project establishes the definition of insurance contracts and other essential concepts. The first phase of the insurance contract provides only a temporary solution for measuring and reporting of insurance contracts until approved and adopted the final draft standard from the second phase. The second phase of the project proposes a new valuation model for insurance contracts based on four pillars, introduces new requirements for disclosure in the financial statements and presentation of financial statements.
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49

Bazyuk, Ulyana. "Podnikové kombinace podle IFRS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-142182.

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The thesis is focused on the process and progress of business combinations under both IFRS and in accordance with Czech legislation. The first part describes the history of the business combination, their origin, development, and gradual changes from the past to the present. The following part focuses on the process and the types of transactions with companies under Czech legislation. The last chapter is focused on the differences and form IFRS and Czech legislation.
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50

Ottová, Veronika. "Analýza IFRS pro SME." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162267.

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The aim of this thesis is the analysis of the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium Enterprises (IFRS for SME). The first part deals with reasons for the Standard, its contents, structure and its relationship to the full version of IFRS. Next section is focused on individual parts of financial statements in accordance with IFRS for SME, description of rules and principles for reporting and comparison with full IFRS. Theoretical foundings are illustrated on the financial statements of MES-IMPILO, company which uses IFRS for SME. Final chapters examine possibilities of implementation the IFRS for SME in EU and Czech Republic, countries which have already addopted IFRS for SME and application IFRS for SME in companies.
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