Academic literature on the topic 'Ifl'

L'lmagerie Flash Laser (IFL) procède d’un principe d’imagerie active utilisant un laser impulsionnel et un détecteur matriciel pourvu d’une ‘porte temporelle’ de très courte durée. La réjection de la diffusion sur les aérosols atmosphériques et du fond ambiant offrent potentiellement des performances remarquables pour la détection et l'identification en environnement sévère (brouillard, précipitations. . . ). Les images obtenues dans l'atmosphère turbulente présentent cependant une modulation aléatoire appelée ‘tavelures’. La thèse propose une analyse de ce bruit dans divers régimes de fonctionnement. En particulier, elle identifie une forme de tavelures résultant d’un couplage entre le processus de diffusion lambertienne sur la surface de l’objet et la propagation à travers la turbulence atmosphérique. Une validation semi-quantitative de ce phénomène par simulations numériques est présentée. Par ailleurs, une méthode expérimentale permettant une caractérisation instantanée des propriétés statistiques de la modulation spatiale du faisceau d’éclairement introduit par la turbulence atmosphérique (la ‘scintillation’) est proposée.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-30T14:28:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Breno Final.pdf: 2504931 bytes, checksum: 695ff32d65491b845d623ad418fd024b (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-30T14:28:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Breno Final.pdf: 2504931 bytes, checksum: 695ff32d65491b845d623ad418fd024b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30<br>CAPEs<br>A presente pesquisa alinha-se à perspectiva de Desenvolvimento Social, na qual se propõe que, para além de critérios econômicos, o desenvolvimento deve ser mensurado também a partir das dimensões sociais, políticas, culturais e emocionais relativas aos indivíduos, grupos e territórios. Nesta perspectiva, os estudos da felicidade buscam determinar o nível de satisfação dos indivíduos com suas próprias vidas, sendo levada em consideração a análise de fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, ambientais, culturais e emocionais que podem apresentar relação com a felicidade do indivíduo. A questão que norteou este estudo foi: quais são os fatores e em que medida eles podem servir de parâmetros para a construção de uma medida de desenvolvimento social baseada na mensuração da felicidade? O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi construir uma proposta teórico-metodológica de medida de desenvolvimento social baseada na felicidade, intitulada de Índice de Felicidade Local (IFL) e aplicar o IFL a uma amostra populacional composta por habitantes dos municípios de Cabo de Santo Agostinho e Ipojuca. Para isso, foram utilizados procedimentos estatísticos variados, especialmente a técnica de análise de regressão multivariada, testes de correlação e testes de diferenças de médias. Como resultados verifica-se que a população apresenta altos índices de desigualdade socioeconômica e vulnerabilidade social, especialmente no que tange à escolaridade, aos rendimentos dos trabalhadores e às posições no mercado de trabalho. Neste estudo, observou-se que os indicadores de bem-estar subjetivo apresentam maiores inter-relações com os níveis de felicidade dos indivíduos do que os indicadores objetivos de bem-estar social. Dentre os indicadores de bem-estar subjetivos analisados, constata-se que os indicadores relativos à satisfação com o poder de compra/ capacidade de consumo e à satisfação com as relações familiares e de amizade são os que apresentam maior influência na felicidade dos indivíduos. Estes resultados demonstram que, no contexto analisado, a felicidade tende a ser influenciada por aspectos materiais e não materiais de condições de vida. Por fim, verifica-se que, dentre os grupos populacionais investigados, os imigrantes tendem a apresentar piores condições de bemestar subjetivo e de felicidade que os não migrantes.<br>This research is aligned with the Social Development perspective, which proposes that, in addition to economic criteria, the development must be measured also from social, political, cultural and emotional concerning to individuals, groups and territories. On this perspective, the happiness studies seek to determine the level of satisfaction of individuals with their own lives, being taken into consideration the analysis of socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, cultural and emotional factors that can present connections with the happiness of the individuals. The question that guided this study was: what are the factors and how they can serve as parameters for the construction of a social development measure based on measuring happiness? The overall objective was to build a theoretical and methodological proposal for social development measure based on happiness, titled Local Happiness Index (LHI) and apply the LHI to a population sample of inhabitants of the municipalities of Cabo de Santo Agostinho and Ipojuca. For this, various statistical procedures were used, especially the multivariate regression analysis technique, correlation tests and tests of mean differences. As a result it turns out that the population has high rates of socioeconomic inequality and social vulnerability, especially with regard to education, the income of workers and positions in the labor market. On this study, the subjective well-being indicators have greater inter-relations with the happiness levels of individuals than objective indicators of social well-being. Among the subjective well-being indicators analyzed, it appears that the indicators regarding satisfaction with the purchasing power/consumption capacity and to meet with the family and friendship relationships are those with greater influence in the happiness of individuals. These results demonstrate that in the context analyzed, happiness tends to be influenced by material aspects and not material living conditions. Finally, it turns out that among the populations investigated, recent immigrants tend to have less level of subjective well-being and happiness in comparison with non-migrants.

This study reviews a series of theoretical models and educational experiences, in order to examine how some of the claims made in the existing literature regarding the role of IT - mainly computer technologies - in writing instruction play out in the case of Italian as a Foreign Language (IFL). With this purpose in mind, this study examines a specific context - three IFL modules taught at the University of Warwick - and uses relevant teaching and learning experiences as a case-study and data sample. By using qualitative analysis supported by some quantitative methodologies, this study triangulates data from questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, focus-groups, field notes, classroom observation rubrics, as well as classroom artefacts, including online resources and educational software used over the course of the academic years 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. The data collected is filtered through a tripartite framework - learning/instructional environment, IFL tutors, and IFL students - designed to address the need expressed in the literature for analysis of multiple dimensions in complex interactions (Abbott, 1997; Athanases and Heath, 1995; Ramanathan and Atkinson, 1999; Snyder, 1997). The salient themes which emerge from the study are the critical roles of IFL tutors' and IFL students' expectations as well as the framework of values underlying these, along with particular features of information technologies themselves, in shaping participants' experiences and practices with respect to IT and writing, sometimes in unanticipated ways. Finally, the study considers the ways in which the results of the present research support, contradict, or expand existing literature, especially in relation to a number of specific factors, such as: the type of IT used in writing instruction; the physical configurations of IT-enhanced classrooms; and students' as well as tutors' approaches to learning and teaching IFL writing with and without technology. While the present work, like many other studies in the field of SLA and L2 writing, does not provide complete answer to the complex questions of language learning, it highlights the importance of both the instructional environment as well as the participants' framework of values. Only then, IT will be able to potentially enhance language instruction and become an integral component of learning. This research raises new questions, providing the basis for further research in the area of SLA theory and pedagogy.

The present research was carried out at UCL and may be considered an 'action-research', being the result of theoretical reflections and didactic applications. It originated in the observation that learning the Italian language was not perceived by ab initio students as connected to their personal and academic experiences. An initial hypothesis was formulated that an early introduction to literary texts accompanied by tasks could favour the interlanguage development in ab initio University students. Furthermore, this development, mainly as far as written production is concerned, might be facilitated in learners who are specifically guided and trained to elaborate a written input, which might be recognized by them as 'meaningful', thanks to noticing and attention management tasks, and to production tasks, which have a relevant influence on the re-organization of forms and meaning. In other words, this action-research aimed at verifying how written performance in ab initio students was activated by the Task Based Approach and reflected the integration of language and content through the acquisition of written skills in Italian. The method of the three year study (2002-05) can be described as a qualitative approach in any stage: pre-actional, i.e. selection of literary texts and of appropriate tasks actional, i.e. organization of texts and tasks into modules and collection of data post-actional, i.e. systematic analysis of students' productions and feedbacks. In order to carry out this action-research, a course was devised and was called Text and Task Course (TTC), in which literary texts were the starting point and the model necessary to process language through specific tasks. So linguistically easy literary extracts of about 300 words each have been selected to represent different written text types such as letters and dialogues, poems and ballads, narratives and descriptions, each of them dealing with topics familiar to the learners. Each text was accompanied and enhanced by pre-, while- and production tasks. Production tasks in particular favoured the re-elaboration of texts and combined representational structures with controlled attention. Measures for the assessment of written production during TTC were: Holistic Rating, which included fluency and creativity Accuracy Ratios, which included intelligibility index and error index Complexity Ratios, which included dependent and coordinate clauses per t-units ratio and re-elaboration of a model or text type. Each of these parameters have been analytically described and applied. In the light of these considerations, it seems consistent to claim that the positive results in written production, after a relatively short time of instruction, were influenced by the training Texts and Tasks learners (TTL) received in the TTC and their interlanguage development was favoured by the constant re-elaboration of written input. In conclusion, the initial hypotheses were confirmed and the Text and Task approach, under given circumstances, was validated.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-23T14:06:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Weslei Silva de Araújo - 2016.pdf: 1398500 bytes, checksum: f28b00fa1bf2094ab7d357e829733e78 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-23T14:07:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Weslei Silva de Araújo - 2016.pdf: 1398500 bytes, checksum: f28b00fa1bf2094ab7d357e829733e78 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T14:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Weslei Silva de Araújo - 2016.pdf: 1398500 bytes, checksum: f28b00fa1bf2094ab7d357e829733e78 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-25<br>In this paper we sought to understand how the Degree in Physics in IFG Goiânia campus is structured and what the perspective of teachers in the area, specifically in the implementation of degree in Physics, and forward the changes in the institution. The choice of this theme is due to the requirement stipulated by law 11.892 of December 29, 2008, the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology, in offering undergraduate courses, especially in the areas of Science and Mathematics, despite its recognized expertise in professional education. Some research has dealt with the theme of the presence of the degrees in FIs, discussing the profile, the deployment and the challenges that they are consoli dated. However, here we seek teachers' perception of the process. Characterized as a qualitative study we used bibliographical research to survey the changes via legal documents in the institution, as well as research on the site e -MEC for recognizing the quantity of courses offered in this mode before and after the creation of the IFs. For analysis of the survey responses a nd interviews with teachers of Physical area of Goiânia the IFG campus, we used content analysis, according to Bardin (2002). It was identified as perceived by teachers who: (i) changes in the institution provided an expansion and internalization, even disorderly; (Ii) the change in the teaching profession and school mischaracterization with devaluation of technical education; (Iii) the course designed to meet the law, structure and operation in construction, has a focus on specific knowledge at the expense of teaching; (Iv) teachers work almost exclusively in the classroom, with little or no research and extension activities. These aspects lead to understand that there is still a lack of identity in I Fs after implantation of degrees and forward the changes in this institutions.<br>Neste trabalho buscou-se compreender de que forma a Licenciatur a em Física no campus Goiânia do IFG se estrutura e qual a perspectiva dos professores da área , especificamente, na implantação da licenciatura em Física , e frente as mudanças ocorridas na instituição. A escolha deste tema se deve pela obrigatoriedade, estipulada pela lei 11.892 de 29 de dezembro de 2008, dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, em ofertar cursos de licenciaturas, principalmente nas áreas de Ciências e Matemática, apesar de sua reconhecida competência na área de educação p rofissional. Algumas pesquisas têm tratado da temática sobre a presença das licenciaturas nos IFs, discutindo o perfil, a implantação e os desafios para que os mesmos sejam consolidados. No entanto, aqui buscamos a percepção dos professores sobre todo o pr ocesso. Caracterizado como um trabalho de abordagem qualitativa utilizou-se inicialmente de pesquisa bibliográfica para levantamento das alterações ocorridas via documentos legais na instituição, assim como pesquisa no site e -MEC para o reconhecimento do quantitativo de cursos ofertados nesta modalidade antes e depois da cria ção dos IFs. Para análise das respostas do questionário e das entrevistas realizadas com os professores da área de Física, do campus Goiânia do IFG, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin (2002). Identificou-se, segundo a percepção dos professores que: (i) as mudanças na instituição proporciona ram uma expansão e interiorização, mesmo que desordenada ; (ii) a alteração na carreira do professor e a descaracterização da escola com desvalorização do ensino técnico; (iii) o curso criado para atender a lei, com estrutura e funcionamento em construção, possui um enfoque no conhecimento específico em detrimento do pedagógico; (iv) os professores atuam quase que exclusivamente em sala de aula, com poucas ou nenhuma atividade de pesquisa e de extensão. Estes aspectos levam a entender que há ainda uma falta de identidade nos IFs após a implantação das licenciaturas e frente as mudanças ocorridas nesta s instituições.

Dans le cadre de cette thèse, une approche de calcul de couplage multi-échelle et multi-physique en 2D et en 3D est présentée. La modélisation multi-échelle d’une structure consiste de l’échelle macro qui représente la réponse homogénéisée de la structure entière, tandis que l’échelle micro peut capturer les détails du comportement à la petite échelle du matériau, où des mécanismes inélastiques, tels que la plasticité ou l’endommagement, peuvent être pris en compte. L’intérieur de chaque macro-élément est rempli par le maillage à l’échelle micro qui s’y adapte entièrement. Les deux échelles sont couplées à travers le champ de déplacements imposé à l’interface. Le calcul par éléments finis est effectué, en utilisant une procédure de solution operator-split sur les deux échelles. En 2D, une discontinuité dans le champ de déplacements est introduite à l’échelle macro dans un élément fini Q4, pour pouvoir capturer l’adoucissement comportement d’un matériau piézoélectrique. Un degré de liberté supplémentaire qui représente le voltage est ajouté aux noeuds des macro-éléments de tétraèdre et d’hexaèdre en 3D. La poutre de Timoshenko comportant un modèle de commutation de polarisation est utilisée à l’échelle micro. Également, une formulation multi-échelle de Hellinger-Reissner a été développée et implémentée pour un simple patch test en électrostatique. La procédure proposée est mise en œuvre dans le logiciel de calcul par éléments finis FEAP - Finite Element Analysis Program. Pour simuler le comportement aux deux échelles, FEAP est modifié, et deux versions différentes du code sont obtenues - macroFEAP et microFEAP. Le couplage de ces codes est réalisé avec Component Template Library - CTL qui rend possible l’échange d’informations entre les deux échelles. Les capacités de cette approche multi-échelle en 2D et en 3D sont démontrées dans un environnement purement mécanique, mais aussi multi-physique. La formulation théorique et l’application algorithmique sont présentées, et les avantages de la méthode multi-échelle pour la modélisation des matériaux hétérogènes sont illustrés avec plusieurs exemples numériques<br>In this thesis, a multi-scale and multi-physics coupling computation procedure for a 2D and 3D setting is presented. When modeling the behavior of a structure by a multi-scale method, the macro-scale is used to describe the homogenized response of the structure, and the micro-scale to describe the details of the behavior on the smaller scale of the material where some inelastic mechanisms, like damage or plasticity, can be taken into account. The micro-scale mesh is defined for each macro-scale element in a way to fit entirely inside it. The two scales are coupled by imposing a constraint on the displacement field over their interface. The computation is performed using the operator split solution procedure on both scales, using the standard finite element method. In a 2D setting, an embedded discontinuity is implemented in the Q4 macroscale element to capture the softening behavior happening on the micro-scale. For the micro-scale element, a constant strain triangle (CST) is used. In a 3D setting, a macro-scale tetrahedral and hexahedral elements are developed, while on the micro-scale Timoshenko beam finite elements are used. This multi-scale methodology is extended with a multi-physics functionality, to simulate the behavior of a piezoelectric material. An additional degree of freedom (voltage) is added on the nodes of the 3D macro-scale tetrahedral and hexahedral elements. For the micro-scale element, a Timoshenko beam element with added polarization switching model is used. Also, a multi-scale Hellinger- Reissner formulation for electrostatics has been developed and implemented for a simple electrostatic patch test. For implementing the proposed procedure, Finite Element Analysis Program (FEAP) is used. To simulate the behavior on both macro and micro-scale, FEAP is modified and two different version of FEAP code are implemented – macroFEAP and microFEAP. For coupling, the two codes are exchanging information between them, and Component Template Library (CTL) is used. The capabilities of the proposed multi-scale approach in a 2D and 3D pure mechanics settings, but also multi-physics environment have been shown. The theoretical formulation and algorithmic implementation are described, and the advantages of the multi-scale approach for modeling heterogeneous materials are shown on several numerical examples

Dans le contexte de la micro-robotique, cette thèse vise à développer une méthode de localisation et de suivi optique de micro-convoyeurs se déplaçant sur une surface. Le principe de la méthode de localisation proposée consiste à détecter un faisceau réfléchi sur le micro-convoyeur et à analyser ce signal optique pour obtenir les positions correspondantes. Les principaux éléments du système sont un rétroréflecteur à coin cube placé sur un micro-convoyeur et qui permet de réfléchir le signal optique dans sa direction incidente, un miroir MEMS qui permet de balayer la surface avec un éclairement laser, un séparateur de faisceau qui est un composant optique utilisé pour guider la lumière réfléchie vers un photodétecteur utilisé pour assurer la localisation et le suivi à travers l’exploitation du signal détecté par ce dernier. L’importance de la localisation est d’optimiser la trajectoire suivie par les micro-convoyeurs en contrôlant leur position et leur vitesse pour finalement pouvoir localiser les micro-convoyeurs avec une grande précision et éviter d’éventuelles collisions entre eux. Pour faire des tests expérimentaux et évaluer le capteur développé, la surface utilisée est une surface de micro-convoyage basée sur un principe électromagnétique, développée au laboratoire Roberval. Une calibration du système, en utilisant l’homographie, a été effectuée afin d’assurer la localisation et le suivi du micro-convoyeur pour après contrôler sa trajectoire et sa vitesse. Une localisation et un suivi simultané de deux micro-convoyeurs en utilisant un multiplexage temporel a été également développé et validé dans ce travail<br>This thesis aims to develop a method for optical localization and tracking of microconveyors moving over a surface in the context of micro-robotics. The principle of the proposed localization method consists of detecting a beam that is reflected on the micro-conveyor and analyzing this optical received signal to obtain the corresponding positions. The main elements of the system are a corner cube reflector, a MEMS mirror and a beam splitter. The corner cube is placed on the micro-conveyor in order to allow the optical signal to be reflected in its incident direction. The MEMS mirror allows the surface to be scanned with the laser. As for the beam splitter, it is an optical component used to guide the reflected light to a photodetector which is in turn used for localization and tracking through the exploitation of the signal that it detects. The important role of localization is to optimize the trajectory followed by the micro-conveyors. This could be achieved by controlling the respective position and speed of each of them in order to be finally able to localize the micro-conveyor with high precision and to avoid possible collisions between them. The surface used is a micro-conveying surface based on an electromagnetic principle, developed at the Roberval laboratory. The surface is used to perform experimental tests and to evaluate the developed sensor. A system calibration, using homography, was carried out in order to ensure the localization and tracking of the micro-conveyor, and then to control its trajectory and speed. Simultaneous localization and tracking of two micro-conveyors using time division multiplexing was also developed and validated in this work. An application of the thesis at the macroscopic scale is presented as well through applying free space optical communication between two mobile systems controlled by closed-loop optical tracking. Each system includes an active transmitter and a receiver (instead of a passive corner cube reflector in the case of the micro-conveyor). The system is driven by two servomotors which permit it to have free movement in three-dimensional space. The two modules must be aligned in order to be able to send and receive information by laser and thus communicate. In this case, a high-precision tracking system which is capable of aligning the two moving modules is required