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1

Onyenwe, Ikechukwu Ekene. "Developing methods and resources for automated processing of the African language Igbo." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17043/.

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Natural Language Processing (NLP) research is still in its infancy in Africa. Most of languages in Africa have few or zero NLP resources available, of which Igbo is among those at zero state. In this study, we develop NLP resources to support NLP-based research in the Igbo language. The springboard is the development of a new part-of-speech (POS) tagset for Igbo (IgbTS) based on a slight adaptation of the EAGLES guideline as a result of language internal features not recognized in EAGLES. The tagset consists of three granularities: fine-grain (85 tags), medium-grain (70 tags) and coarse-grain (15 tags). The medium-grained tagset is to strike a balance between the other two grains for practical purpose. Following this is the preprocessing of Igbo electronic texts through normalization and tokenization processes. The tokenizer is developed in this study using the tagset definition of a word token and the outcome is an Igbo corpus (IgbC) of about one million tokens. This IgbTS was applied to a part of the IgbC to produce the first Igbo tagged corpus (IgbTC). To investigate the effectiveness, validity and reproducibility of the IgbTS, an inter-annotation agreement (IAA) exercise was undertaken, which led to the revision of the IgbTS where necessary. A novel automatic method was developed to bootstrap a manual annotation process through exploitation of the by-products of this IAA exercise, to improve IgbTC. To further improve the quality of the IgbTC, a committee of taggers approach was adopted to propose erroneous instances on IgbTC for correction. A novel automatic method that uses knowledge of affixes to flag and correct all morphologically-inflected words in the IgbTC whose tags violate their status as not being morphologically-inflected was also developed and used. Experiments towards the development of an automatic POS tagging system for Igbo using IgbTC show good accuracy scores comparable to other languages that these taggers have been tested on, such as English. Accuracy on the words previously unseen during the taggers’ training (also called unknown words) is considerably low, and much lower on the unknown words that are morphologically-complex, which indicates difficulty in handling morphologically-complex words in Igbo. This was improved by adopting a morphological reconstruction method (a linguistically-informed segmentation into stems and affixes) that reformatted these morphologically-complex words into patterns learnable by machines. This enables taggers to use the knowledge of stems and associated affixes of these morphologically-complex words during the tagging process to predict their appropriate tags. Interestingly, this method outperforms other methods that existing taggers use in handling unknown words, and achieves an impressive increase for the accuracy of the morphologically-inflected unknown words and overall unknown words. These developments are the first NLP toolkit for the Igbo language and a step towards achieving the objective of Basic Language Resources Kits (BLARK) for the language. This IgboNLP toolkit will be made available for the NLP community and should encourage further research and development for the language.
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2

Bersselaar, Dmitri van den. "In search of Igbo identity : language, culture and politics in Nigeria, 1900-1966 /." Leiden, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40124972c.

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3

Oyali, Uchenna [Verfasser], and Eric A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Anchimbe. "Bible Translation and Language Elaboration : The Igbo Experience / Uchenna Oyali ; Betreuer: Eric A. Anchimbe." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1183791267/34.

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4

Eze, Bethrand Ejike. "Aspects of language contact: A variationist perspective on codeswitching and borrowing in Igbo-English bilingual discourse." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10228.

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This study is based on empirical data collected from bilingual speakers of Igbo (a Kwa language) and English, in an environment propitious to the use of both languages. The study examines two of the most widely discussed constraints on CS namely, Free Morpheme Constraint and Equivalence Constraint (Poplack 1980). The controversy surrounding these and other constraints on CS arise primarily from the problems of drawing a clear distinction between CS and borrowing. Distinguishing between these language contact phenomena has been particularly difficult with singly-occurring lexical items from one language incorporated into the discourse otherwise of the other. Our investigation begins by determining the status of lone English-origin items incorporated into otherwise Igbo discourse. In order to determine whether these are CS or borrowings, we use the principles of variation theory to make a detailed assessment of the behavior of these forms in the context of the entire bilingual system. Our method entails a systematic comparison of the lone items with: (a) unmixed stretches of Igbo; (b) unmixed stretches of English and (c) multiword fragments of English (unambiguous CS) juxtaposed to Igbo. Since CS items are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to their counterparts in the language which lexified them, while borrowings assume the behavior of their counterparts in the recipient language, our method effectively disambiguates the contentious lone English-origin items by comparing their patterns of behavior with respect to predetermined diagnostics, vis-a-vis their counterparts in the unmixed stretches of the two languages as well as unambiguous CS. If the lone English-origin items patterned like their counterparts in unmixed stretches of English and unambiguous CS, they would be classified as CS. If, on the other hand, they patterned like their counterparts in unmixed stretches of Igbo, there would be no doubt that they are borrowings into Igbo. As expected, our results produced conclusive evidence that these lone English-origin items are borrowings into Igbo. In all the examined criteria namely, vowel harmony and affixation, the lone English-origin verbs patterned like their counterparts in unmixed stretches of Igbo, but differed from unmixed English and unambiguous CS. The English-origin nouns on their part also behaved like their counterpart in unmixed stretches of English in such areas as determiner usage, the use of generic reference, the linear structure of NPs. The lone English-origin adjectives were incorporated into Igbo as adjectival nouns, the most productive adjectival category in Igbo. These lone English origin adjectives followed the copula di (BE) in the same proportion as their counterparts in unmixed Igbo. Once the borrowed items have been identified and separated from the bona fide CS, we found that, with very few exceptions, the switches between Igbo and English occurred at points where the structures of the two languages are linearly analogous. Thus, Igbo-English CS is constrained under equivalence. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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5

Kalu, Chukwudi Okechukwu. "Problems encountered by Igbo learners and teachers of English as a second language in Nigeria /." Berlin : Viademica-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994213441/04.

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6

Kenalemang, Lame Maatla. "Things Fall Apart: An Analysis of Pre and Post-Colonial Igbo Society." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-29048.

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Chinua Achebe (1930- 2013) published his first novel Things Fall Apart (TFA) in 1958. Achebe wrote TFA in response to European novels that depicted Africans as savages who needed to be enlightened by the Europeans. Achebe presents to the reader his people’s history with both strengths and imperfections by describing for example, Igbo festivals, the worship of their gods and the practices in their ritual ceremonies, their rich culture and other social practices, the colonial era that was both stopping Igbo culture and also brought in some benefits to their culture. TFA therefore directs the misleading of European novels that depict Africans as savages into a whole new light with its portrayal of Igbo society, and examines the effects of European colonialism on Igbo society from an African perspective. Hence this essay is an attempt to show an insight of pre and post colonialism on Igbo society. It is argued that the interaction between the whites and the Igbo people had both negative and positive consequences. It is evident in Achebe’s novel that the Europeans greatly influenced the lifestyle of Igbo society.
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7

Eze, Ejike. "Aspects of language contact, a variationist perspective on codeswitching and borrowing in Igbo-English bilingual discourse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28339.pdf.

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8

Ngwaba, Chidinma. "Les termes de la gynécologie obstétrique en igbo : enquête sur un domaine tabou dans une langue sans documents écrits." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2107/document.

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La présente étude porte sur la terminologie de la gynécologie-obstétrique en langue igbo. L’objectif principal est double : d’une part, recenser et classer les termes de la gynécologie-obstétrique en igbo et examiner l’adéquation entre la terminologie igbo et la terminologie internationale des langues de grande diffusion comme l’anglais et le français ; d’autre part, tenter de dégager les procédés à l’œuvre dans la création terminologique du domaine. Des vides ayant été constatés dans la terminologie igbo du domaine par rapport au français et à l’anglais, nous avons essayé de les combler, validant ainsi l’idée selon laquelle la langue igbo, à l’instar de toutes les langues, a bel et bien la capacité de désigner tout concept, quel qu’en soit le domaine. Notre recherche vise spécifiquement à recueillir les termes igbo de la gynécologie-obstétrique autant pour permettre les types de jugement théorique que nous nous sommes engagée à faire que pour les fins utilitaires d’un tel recueil. La méthode utilisée pour étudier la terminologie de la gynécologie-obstétrique en igbo devait convenir à l’étude d’un domaine tabou dans une langue sans documents écrits. Nous avons donc dû tenter de recueillir oralement les termes recherchés, en utilisant des techniques permettant de contourner la réticence de nombreux locuteurs igbo à s’exprimer sur le sujet.Pour constituer la nomenclature du domaine, nous avons mené une enquête sur le terrain auprès d’un groupe de locuteurs igbo constitué de 57 professionnels de santé soit 20 gynécologues-obstétriciens, 10 sages-femmes, 3 infirmiers, 15 médecins traditionnels, 5 sages-femmes traditionnelles, deux chefs de village et deux personnes âgées. Notre démarche s’est inspirée de la socioterminologie de Gaudin (2003, 2005) et de la méthodologie d’enquête d’Halaoui (1990, 1991), auxquelles nous avons emprunté l’aspect méthodologique de la recherche en terminologie des langues africaines. Au vu des résultats de notre enquête, nous avons constaté des vides terminologiques que nous avons tenté de combler à partir des propositions des personnes rencontrées et en nous inspirant de la démarche proposée par Diki-Kidiri (2008). Les matrices terminologiques sous-jacentes aux termes proposés ont été dégagées et analysées. Elles témoignent des tendances générales de l’igbo en la matière. Ce travail aboutit donc à la création d’un lexique trilingue anglais-français-igbo des termes de la gynécologie-obstétrique. Ce lexique contient les termes désignant l’anatomie du bassin féminin et parties génitales, l’anatomie des parties génitales internes femelles, l’anatomie de l’organe sexuel masculin, la physiologie du système reproducteur, le développement de l’embryon, la physiologie de la nutrition pendant la lactation et la grossesse, la surveillance fœtale, le travail/accouchement, le nouveau-né, les maladies liées aux organes reproducteurs, les maladies sexuellement transmissibles, les anomalies structurales, le cancer du système reproducteur et les maladies du système urinaire. Notre travail comprend trois parties. La première partie intitulée « La langue igbo du Nigeria » est composée de trois chapitres. Le chapitre 1 : « le Nigeria Terre de diversité ethnique et Linguistique », le chapitre 2 : « Description de la langue Igbo » et le chapitre 3 : « Problèmes Terminologiques igbo ». La deuxième partie intitulé « Un domaine Terminologique particulier : La médecine » comporte deux chapitres. Le chapitre 4 : « La maladie et la santé chez les igbo », et le chapitre 5 : « La pratique de la médecine au Nigeria ». La troisième partie : « La terminologie igbo de la gynécologie-obstétrique : Etat des lieux » comprends deux chapitres. Le chapitre 6 : « L’enquête sur le terrain » et Le chapitre 7 : « La création Terminologique en igbo : Le cas de la gynécologie-obstétrique »
This study focuses on gynaecology-obstetrics terminology in Igbo. Our main objective is to take an inventory of Igbo terms in the area of gynaecology-obstetrics and classify them. This will enable us to examine and evaluate the adequacy of Igbo terms in relation to English and French terms. A second objective involves exposing the methodology used in Igbo term creation in the gynaecology-obstetrics domain.In our research we noticed that gaps exist in the area of gynaecology-obstetrics of the Igbo language when compared to English and French languages. We tried to fill in the gaps thereby validating the idea whereby the Igbo language like all other languages, is capable of naming concepts in any area. Our research specifically aims at collecting Igbo terms from the domain of gynaecology-obstetrics in a way that enables us explain or give information on the method of collection of such terms.The method used in the terminological study of the gynaecology-obstetrics domain in Igbo, should be suitable in studying a taboo domain of a language without written documents. An oral documentary research became necessary. Thus the Igbo terms were compiled by means oral documentation research using techniques that helped us bypass the hesitation or reluctance of many Igbo speakers to express themselves on our area of research.To constitute the nomenclature of the domain, we carried out field work. This involved the observation of and interviews with Igbo speakers namely: traditional doctors, orthodox doctors, midwives both traditional and orthodox, nurses, local chiefs and elderly persons. We thus interviewed 57 resource-persons and experts: 20 doctors, 3 nurses and 10 midwives (for the orthodox medicine component), 15 traditional doctors, 5 traditional midwives, 2 local chiefs and 2 elderly persons (for the traditional medicine component). We were equally inspired by socioterminology as exposed by Gaudin (2003, 2005) and the methodology of research as outlined in Halaoui (1990, 1991) from which we borrowed the methodology of research in terminology of African languages.Looking at our field work result, we noticed terminological gaps which we tried to fill using proposals from the people we interviewed. The work also involved the creation of terms for concepts and objects not already named in Igbo. This naming drew principally on the method described in Diki-Kidiri (2008). An analysis of the process underlying each coinage is included. The result obtained is a clear indication that the Igbo language can be used to name things.This work equally proposes a trilingual glossary: English-French-Igbo. The glossary covers such areas as: Anatomy of the female pelvis and the external genitalia, Anatomy of the internal genital organs – female, Anatomy of the male reproductive system, Physiology of the reproductive system, Development of the embryo, Physiology and nutrition in pregnancy and lactation, Foetal surveillance, Labour, The new born infant, Infections of the reproductive organs, Infections of the reproductive tract, Sexually transmitted diseases, Structural anomalies, Cancers of the reproductive system and Disorders of the urinary system.Our work comprises three parts. Part 1: “The Igbo Language of Nigeria” consists of three chapters. Chapter 1: “Nigeria a Land with ethnicity and Linguistic diversity”, Chapter 2: “Description of the Igbo Language” and Chapter 3: “Problems of Igbo Terminology”. Part 2: entitled “A Distinctive Terminological Domain: Medicine” is made up of two chapters. Chapter 4: “Sickness and Heath among the Igbos” and Chapter 5: “Practicing Medicine in Nigeria”. Part 3 comprises two chapters. Chapter 6: “Field Work” and Chapter 7: “Creating Terms in Igbo: the Gynaecology-Obstetrics Domain”
Nnyọcha anyị a dabere n’ihe gbasara amụmamụ maka ọmụmụ nwa na nwa ohụụ n’asụsụ igbo.Ebum n’obi anyị nke mbụ bụ ịchọpụta ma hazie aha dị iche iche e nwere n’asụsụ igbo gbasaraọmụmụ nwa na nwa ohụụ na ngalaba amụmamụ maka ọmụmụ nwa na nlekọta nwa ohụụ. Nkea ga-eme ka anyị nwalee aha ndịa e nwere n’asụsụ igbo na ngalaba amụmamụ maka ọmụmụnwa na nlekọta nwa ohụụ na aha ndi e nwere na olu bekee m’obụ frenchi. Ebum n’obi anyị nkeabụọ bụ ikwupụta otu anyị si nwete ma depụta aha gbasara ọmụmụ nwa na nlekọta nwa ohụụn’asụsụ igbo. Anyị kwadoro usoro mkpụrụ edemede nke igbo izugbe.Mgbe anyi n’eme nnyocha a, anyị chọpụtara n’oghere dị n’asụsụ igbo n’ihe metutara mkpọpụtaaha ihe. Nke a mere n’enwere ọtụtụ ihe ndi n’enweghị aha n’asụsụ igbo na ngalaba amụmamụmaka ọmụmụ nwa na nlekọta nwa ohụụ. Ihe ndia nwechara aha n’asụsụ ndi ọzọ. Anyị gbalịrịịfachisi oghere ndia dị n’asụsụ igbo iji gosi n’asụsụ a bụ asụsụ igbo nwekwara ike ịkpọpụta ahaihe ndi ha aka akpọbeghị aha.Usoro anyị kwesiri ịgbaso mgbe anyị na-amụ gbasara mkpọ aha n’asụsụ igbo na ngalabaamụmamụ maka ọmụmụ nwa na nlekọta nwa ohụụ, kwesiri ka ọ bụrụ nke ga-adaba na ọmụmụihe gbasara asụsụ n’enweghị ihe ndeda gbasara ngalaba amụmamụ a na kwa ngalaba nwereọtụtụ nsọ ala. Nke a mere oji dị mkpa na anyị gara mee nchọpụta n’obodo jụọ ajụjụ ọnụ iji mataaha ndi a n’agbanyeghị na ọ dịghịrị ndi mmadụ mfe ikwu maka ngalaba ihe ọmụmụ a.viNdi anyị gakwuru maka ajụjụ ọnụ a bụ ndi dibịa bekee, ndi nọọsụ, ndi dibịa ọdịnala, ndi ọghọnwa, ndi nchịkọta obodo na ndi okenye. N’ihe niile, anyị na ihe dịka mmadụ 57 kparịtara ụka.Nke a gụnyere ndi ọkachamara. N’ime ha e nwere ndi dibịa bekee 20, ndi nọọsụ 3 na ndi ọghọnwa bekee 10 n’otu akụkụ. N’akụkụ nke ọzọ, e nwere ndi dibịa ọdịnala 15, ndi ọghọ nwaọdịnala 5, ndi nchịkọta obodo 2 na ndi okenye 2. Anyị dabekwara na sosioteminọlọjị nkeGaudin (2003, 2005) na kwa usoro Halaoui (1990, 1991). Usoro a gbasara ịjụ ndi igbo ụfọdụajụjụ ọnụ na iso ha nọrọ mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ.Nchọcha anyị gụnyekwara ịkpọpụta aha dị iche iche n’asụsụ igbo nke sistemu njiamụnwa nkenwoke na nwaanyị, aha gbasara nwa e bu n’afọ na nke nwa a mụrụ ọhụụ. Anyị gbasoro usoroDiki-Kidiri (2008) maka mkpọpụta aha. Anyị mekwara nkọwa iji gosipụta otu anyị si kpọọ ahandịa. N’ikpe azụ anyị depụtara aha ndi niile anyị ji rụọ ọrụ na asụsụ bekee, frenchi na kwa igbo.Aha ndi anyị depụtara gbasara : Amụmamụ ọkpụkpụ ukwu nwaanyị na njiamụnwa, Amụmamụime njiamụnwa kenwaanyị, Amụmamụ ọganụ njiamụnwa kenwoke, Fiziọlọjị sistemunjiamụnwa, Ntolite nwa nọ n’afọ, Fiziọlọjị kenri na mmiriara n’afọ ime, Nledo nwa nọ n’afọna kwa nwaọhụụ, Imeomume, Mbido ndụ nwaọhụụ, Ọrịa ọganụ njiamụnwa, Ọrịa nwaanyị,Nkwarụ, Kansa njiamụnwa na kwa Ọrịa akpamamịrị
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9

Uzoh, Alexander Chukwujindum [Verfasser]. "J.L. Austin’s Concept of «Performative Word» : A Systematic Theological Analysis in Sacramental Theology and in Igbo Traditional Religion Its Impact on the Use of Igbo Language for Effective Evangelization in Igboland / Alexander Chukwujindum Uzoh." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042460663/34.

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10

Duru, Malachy. "La Langue Igbo dans la culture de l'école et de la société : une réflexion sociolinguistique sur l'attitude des Igbos vis-à-vis de leur langue." Grenoble 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE39018.

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Partant de l'hypothese que l'opposition entre la competence communicative des "apprenants" jugee conforme a la norme sco laire et celle jugee conforme a la norme socio-traditionnelle, cette etude a remis la politique linguistique de l'educat ion occidentale pratiquee dans la region du sud-est du nigeria. Certe, le colonialisme britannique a beaucoup apporte a la tradition igbo mais cette meme tradition a aussi souffert la prejudice politique et economique de ce colonialisme. Enfin, la prejudice economique a eu, comme consequence, le deplacement des igbos vers les regions les plus favorisees af in d'y trouver du travail. Leur long sejour en dehors leur region entraine la perte de leur habitude linguistique traditionnelle
Based on the hypothesis that the opposition between the learners' communicative competence that is considered as being in perfect conformity with the norms of the school, and that is considered as being in perfect conformity with the norms of the society, this study has questionned the language policy of the western education that is applied in the south-east of nigeria. It is certain that hte british colonialisme brought a lot of good things to the igbo tradition but the igbo tradition has suffered political and economic injustice from this british colonialisme. As aresult of the economic injustice, igbos are forced to move to other regions that are better favoured in search of work. Their long stay in these regions make them loose their traditional linguistics habits
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11

Onumajuru, Emeka Michael. "Système verbal de la langue igbo le parler d'Orlu." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595031j.

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Eke, Ukwa Kalu. "Eléments de description de l'igbo d'Ohafia phonologie, système nominal, éléments de relation." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375947228.

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Heusing, Gerald. "Aspects of the morphology-syntax interface in four Nigerian languages : a cross-linguistic study of Fulfulde, Igbo, Lamang and Mupun /." Münster : LIT, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40151147v.

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Ogharaerumi, Mark Onesosan. "The translation of the Bible into Yoruba, Igbo and Isekiri languages of Nigeria, with special reference to the contributions of mother-tongue speakers." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215653.

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The thesis is an endeavour to study the translation of the Bible into three Nigerian languages. It is a study of the dynamics of the translation process, with particular reference to the roles played by the actual speakers of the Yoruba, Igbo and Isekiri languages, as the Bible was being translated into their mother tongue. We have tried to understand the process of deciding why a translation was needed in these languages, who should do the translations and the relationships between the mother-tongue translators and the European missionaries with whom they worked. The Introduction contains a survey of the history of, some general considerations about Bible translation and early academic studies of West African languages. There are three main parts in the thesis, containing a total of eight chapters dealing with Yoruba, Igbo and Isekiri respectively. The first chapter of each part gives a historical, sociological and linguistic background of the particular people and subsequent chapters thereafter discuss the translation of the Bible into their language. The discussion of the Yoruba translations is confined to one chapter while the Igbo translations cover three chapters and the Isekiri work, like Yoruba, is confined to a single chapter. This is so because there have been three main attempts at Bible translation into Igbo while Yoruba and Isekiri have each had one completed translation. The last chapter contains an evaluation of the Yoruba Bible, the newest Igbo version (Agba Ohuu) and the Isekiri translation. The work concludes with a discussion of the role mother-tongue translators should play and the necessary symbiotic relationship that should exist between them and acquired language translators in future translation projects.
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Mbanefo, Eugenia. "Analyse des interférences prosodiques dans l'organisation intonative du texte lu en français : cas des apprenants igbophones." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1032.

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Situé en Afrique de l'ouest, le Nigeria compte plusieurs langues endogènes dont l'igbo est une des trois majoritaires. Enseigner l'intonation du français à des igbophones, c'est rallier la biographie langagière de ceux-ci. Au-delà des réflexions sur le " contact de deux langues " (WEINREICH, 1963), les " difficultés liées aux différences de structures " (LADO, 1957), repérables sous forme " d'erreurs " (CHISS, et al. 1979), notre problématique des interférences prosodiques tient compte de la temporalité du continuum sonore - une " alternance du continu et du discontinu " (GOLDMAN-EISLER, 1958 ; DUEZ, 1987) que nous abordons à la lumière de GOLMAN-EISLER pour qui le manque de fluidité serait dû à l'insertion abusive de pauses. L'expérimentation révèle des différences entre nos sujets igbophones et leurs homologues français. Les mesures acoustiques des durées syllabiques et des durées de pauses font apparaître que les moyennes des durées des syllabes nonaccentuées sont plus longues chez les igbophones. Une distance euclidienne plus importante sépare les sujets igbophones du modèle de Nicolas (1995) par rapport au respect de la hiérarchie des pauses. Les variables de sexe et de longueur des séquences sont des facteurs discriminants entre la perception de l'intonation de nos deux groupes de sujets
Lado's (1957) opus, " Linguistics Across Cultures ", is an imperative reference point for all well-meaning actors in an L2 teaching and learning situation. This grows from the age-long problem of interference which presupposes basically a contact of two different languages from Uriel Weinreich's point of view and the necessity to compare the structures of the learner's background language or L1 with those of the target language or L2, the general hypothesis being that difficulties in learning a second language stem from differences and or similarities of the two systems. Ours is an application of experimental research to the teaching and learning of French intonation to a mixed grill of Nigerian University students in a socio-cultural background of pluriglossia. It may be recalled that Igbo is one of the three major Nigerian languages out of a gamut of well over 468 indigenous languages. Goldman-Eisler's pause/fluency correlation is the theorethical framework of the study in which an acoustic/perceptual approach reveals major temporal organisational differences between our Igbo-speaking subjects and native speakers of French in a French text reading task
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16

Gblem-Poidi, Honorine. "Description systématique de l'igo, langue du sud-ouest du Togo." Grenoble 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39005.

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Generalites sur la langue igo et ses locuteurs, description des systemes phonologique, tonal, nominal et verbal, etude de l'enonce com@mexe (introdution a la semiosyntaxe)
Generallities on igo language and its native speakers, description of the different systems : phonology, tone, noun, verb, and introduction to semiosyntaxe studies
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17

Carter-Enyi, Aaron. "Contour Levels: An Abstraction of Pitch Space based on African Tone Systems." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461029477.

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18

Souza, Junior Rodolfo Renato de. "Modelo de IGBT para um conversor CC-CC de 1000A usado em controle de motores de tração de locomotivas diesel-elétricas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2854.

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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um modelo analógico dinâmico do IGBT 2MBI1200U4G-170 para simulação SPICE para a análise de tempos de comutação, perdas e corrente de carga. Este desenvolvimento foi motivado pelo fato de não se dispor de modelos prontos para IGBT para faixas de tensão e corrente na ordem de kV e kA, destinado ao projeto de um conversor CC para controle de motores de tração em locomotivas diesel-elétricas. Como parte do processo se fez uma tentativa de modificação do modelo padrão de IGBT da plataforma Cadence Orcad 16.5, baseada nos trabalho de Hefner, considerada uma forma de modelo físico. Verificou-se que o correto levantamento dos dados para o modelo físico não seria compensatório frente às análises desejadas, o que gerou necessidade por outras formas de modelagem. Decidiu-se por um modelo analógico, obtido com dados do catálogo do componente descritos em tabelas e como fontes de tensão e corrente. Os resultados mostraram-se adequados para projeto térmico, análise de formas de onda e corrente de porta e coletor. A simulação é comparada com curvas da documentação do fabricante e com dados obtidos a partir de testes estáticos em laboratório com duas topologias. Testes foram feitos com tensão de entrada de 74V, 300V, 900V e 1000V, frequências de comutação de 200Hz, 416Hz, 1kHz e 2kHz e correntes de carga de até 1400A. A corrente de carga apresentou diferenças de até 3% com a medida em laboratório e a temperatura divergiu em até 7% com a medida no dissipador do protótipo usado.
This paper presents the design report for an analog IGBT SPICE model, part number 2MBI1200U4G-170. The modeling was perceived as a interesting tool in order to analyze the switching times and losses during the development, not performed at the University, of a chopper DC-DC converter used for current control of traction motors of diesel-electric locomotives. The main motivational factor was that an practical and quick approach was wanted and none standard model was found for the intended IGBT part number. As part of the process, an attempt to modify the standard SPICE model of the Cadence Orcad 16.5, which is a physics model based on Hefner works, was made. It was verified that the correct data collecting for the standard model would not be compensatory, so other modeling techniques were needed. It was decided an analog modeling would be used. The modeling achieved uses no more than the information found on the component datasheet described in tables format, voltage and current sources. The validation was done in two different topologies with load currents up to 1400A, switching frequencies of 200Hz, 416Hz, 1kHz and 2kHz and input voltages of 74V, 300V, 900V and 1000V . Comparatives were done with the vendor catalog and laboratory data. The model is satisfactory for heat, collector and gate currents analysis. The simulation current and temperature results showed differences up to 3% and 7%, respectively, when compared to laboratories measurements.
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19

Nouman, Ziad. "Užití programovatelných hradlových polí v systémech průmyslové automatizace." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234615.

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Tato disertační práce se zabývá využitím programovatelných hradlových polí (FPGA) v diagnostice měničů, využívajících spínaných IGBT tranzistorů. Je zaměřena na budiče těchto výkonových tranzistorů a jejich struktury. Přechodné jevy veličin, jako jsou IG, VGE, VCE během procesu přepínání (zapnutí, vypnutí), mohou poukazovat na degradaci IGBT. Pro měření a monitorování těchto veličin byla navržena nová architektura budiče IGBT. Rychlé měření a monitorování během přepínacího děje vyžaduje vysokou vzorkovací frekvenci. Proto jsou navrhovány paralelní vysokorychlostní AD převodníky (> 50 MSPS). Práce je zaměřena převážně na návrh zařízení s FPGA včetně hardware a software. Byla navržena nová deska plošných spojů s FPGA, která plní požadované funkce, jako je řízení IGBT pomocí vícenásobných paralelních koncových stupňů, monitorování a diagnostiku, a propojení s řídicí jednotkou měniče.
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