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Journal articles on the topic 'Ignition thresholds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Ma, Junrong, and Changsuo Zhang. "Ignition Thresholds and Flame Propagation of Methane/Air Mixtures Ignited via Radiatively Heated Inert Particles." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 5173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165173.

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The prevention and evaluation of explosions requires suitable standards of measurement. As such, for this study two ignition thresholds, the ignition temperature and the minimum ignition irradiance were selected as the assessment criteria. These ignition threshold values were experimentally determined by heating stationary inert silicon carbide particles via thermal radiation with a large spot size in order to ignite quiescent methane-air fuel mixtures. A high-speed Schlieren camera was used to capture the progression of the formation and propagation of the flames throughout the experiments. T

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2

Santana, Victor M., and Rob H. Marrs. "Models for predicting fire ignition probability in graminoids from boreo–temperate moorland ecosystems." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 6 (2016): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf15126.

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An increase in both the frequency and severity of wildfires in boreo–temperate ecosystems is predicted. Therefore, to develop efficient fire rating systems, the relationship between the fuel moisture content (FMC) of vegetation and ignition thresholds needs to be determined. We developed fire ignition probability models for three graminoid species collected in central England, but common in boreo–temperate ecosystems (Eriophorum angustifolium, E. vaginatum and Molinia caerulea). Specifically, we assessed through laboratory experiments (1) seasonal differences between early spring and late summ

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3

Hora, H., G. H. Miley, N. Azizi, B. Malekynia, M. Ghoranneviss, and X. T. He. "Nonlinear force driven plasma blocks igniting solid density hydrogen boron: Laser fusion energy without radioactivity." Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 3 (2009): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460999022x.

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AbstractEnergy production by laser driven fusion energy is highly matured by spherical compression and ignition of deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel. An alternative scheme is the fast ignition where petawatt (PW)-picosecond (ps) laser pulses are used. A significant anomaly was measured and theoretically analyzed with very clean PW-ps laser pulses for avoiding relativistic self focusing. This permits a come-back of the side-on ignition scheme of uncompressed solid DT, which is in essential contrast to the spherical compression scheme. The conditions of side-on ignition thresholds needed exorbitantly

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4

Clarke, P., P. E. Dyer, P. H. Key, and H. V. Snelling. "Plasma ignition thresholds in UV laser ablation plumes." Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing 69, no. 7 (1999): S117—S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051365.

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5

Clarke, P., P. E. Dyer, P. H. Key, and H. V. Snelling. "Plasma ignition thresholds in UV laser ablation plumes." Applied Physics A Materials Science & Processing 69, S1 (1999): S117—S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003399900189.

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6

Lafon, M., X. Ribeyre, G. Schurtz, and E. Le Bel. "Hydrodynamic modeling and simulations of shock ignition thresholds." EPJ Web of Conferences 59 (2013): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20135903002.

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7

Xifré-Salvadó, Miquel Àngel, Núria Prat-Guitart, Marcos Francos, Xavier Úbeda, and Marc Castellnou. "Smouldering Combustion Dynamics of a Soil from a Pinus halepensis Mill. Forest. A Case Study of the Rocallaura Fires in Northeastern Spain." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103449.

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This study analyses the smouldering combustion on soils that took place during the wildfires that occurred in Rocallaura (Northeastern Spain). The smouldering combustion after the first event, 23 June, was the potential source of flaming fire re-ignition of the second event, 19 July 2016. Re-ignitions are an important challenge for the firefighting system. Budget and efforts are spent on controlling these re-ignitions that can ultimately cause the collapse of the response system if the re-ignitions happen during periods of simultaneous fire events. Our objective is to contribute to better unde

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8

Anderson, Stuart A. J., and Wendy R. Anderson. "Ignition and fire spread thresholds in gorse (Ulex europaeus)." International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, no. 5 (2010): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09008.

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Field experiments were carried out in stands of gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) in New Zealand to determine the conditions under which fires would both ignite and spread. Research and operational experience in shrub fuels suggest that there is a clear difference between conditions that support ignition only (fuel ignites but does not spread beyond a single bush or clump) and conditions that are conducive to fire spread (fuel ignites and develops into a spreading fire). It is important for fire management agencies to be equipped with knowledge of these thresholds, because the different conditions req

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9

Miller, Christopher, Seokpum Kim, Yasuyuki Horie, and Min Zhou. "Ignition thresholds of aluminized HMX-based polymer-bonded explosives." AIP Advances 9, no. 4 (2019): 045103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5052632.

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10

Dubaniewicz, Thomas H., Kenneth L. Cashdollar, and Gregory M. Green. "Continuous wave laser ignition thresholds of coal dust clouds." Journal of Laser Applications 15, no. 3 (2003): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.1585082.

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11

Caruso, A., and C. Strangio. "Ignition thresholds for deuterium-tritium mixtures contaminated by high-Z material in cone-focused fast ignition." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 97, no. 5 (2003): 948–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1633950.

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12

Foley, Timothy, Adam Pacheco, Jonathan Malchi, Richard Yetter, and Kelvin Higa. "Development of Nanothermite Composites with Variable Electrostatic Discharge Ignition Thresholds." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 32, no. 6 (2007): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.200700273.

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13

Gus’kov, Sergey Yu, Dmitry V. Il’in, and Vladimir E. Sherman. "Ignition Thresholds and Combustion Efficiencies of Non-Cryogenic ICF Targets." Journal of Russian Laser Research 36, no. 5 (2015): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10946-015-9518-8.

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14

Plucinski, Matt P., and Wendy R. Anderson. "Laboratory determination of factors influencing successful point ignition in the litter layer of shrubland vegetation." International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, no. 5 (2008): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07046.

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Factors affecting ignition thresholds of the litter layer of shrubland vegetation were investigated using reconstructed litter beds in a laboratory. The factors investigated were fuel moisture content (FMC), litter type (primarily species), pilot ignition source, and wind. Litter beds made from 11 different litter types were ignited with point ignition sources. Litter from Allocasuarina nana (Sieber ex Spreng.) L.A.S. Johnson was used as the standard type across all experiments. Successful ignition was defined as fire spreading a fixed distance from the ignition point. Ignition success was mod

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15

Azizi, N., H. Hora, G. H. Miley, B. Malekynia, M. Ghoranneviss, and X. He. "Threshold for laser driven block ignition for fusion energy from hydrogen boron-11." Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 2 (2009): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034609000263.

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AbstractControlled fusion energy from burning hydrogen with boron-11 is of interest because no neutrons are produced. Following the scheme of ignition by spherical irradiation by laser or particle beams, one has to deal with exorbitant conditions of densities and input energies. A new approach following the scheme of block ignition with laser pulses of picosecond (ps) duration and more than petawatt (PW) power led to the possibility of plane geometry irradiation of the fuel using the anomalous effect of block ignition for deuterium tritium (DT) based on updated conditions for the initial compu

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16

GANDHI, P. D., and A. M. KANURY. "Thresholds for Spontaneous Ignition of Organic Solids Exposed to Radiant Heating." Combustion Science and Technology 57, no. 4-6 (1988): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102208808923947.

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17

Morris, Lauren A., Darla Graff Thompson, Racci DeLuca, et al. "Impact Sensitivity and Ignition Mechanisms of Nanoaluminum-poly(perfluorinated methacrylate) Nanocomposites." MRS Advances 3, no. 17 (2018): 887–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.339.

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ABSTRACTNanoenergetic composites are of overwhelming interest to the Department of Defense because of the higher power output and the ability to finely tune the ignition thresholds of these composites. Recently, several variants of a nanoaluminum-poly(perfluorinated methacrylate) (AlFA) have been synthesized and optimized for a variety of applications including reactive warhead liners and bullet spotters. While conventional techniques such as thermal analysis and bomb calorimetry can be used to characterize the reaction mechanism and energy output of AlFA composites, characterizing their dynam

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18

Hora, H. "Laser fusion with nonlinear force driven plasma blocks: Thresholds and dielectric effects." Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 2 (2009): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034609000275.

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AbstractAnomalous interaction of picosecond laser pulses of terawatt to petawatt power is due to suppression of relativistic self-focusing if prepulses are cut-off by a contrast ratio higher than 108, resulting in quasi-neutral directed plasma blocks with deuterium tritium ion current densities above 1011A/cm2. This is still not high enough for ignition of solid-state density deuterium tritium because the energy flux densityE* has to be higher than the threshold of 4 ×108J/cm2obtained within the theory of Chu (1972). A revision of this evaluation shows a reduction of this threshold by a factor

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19

Picard, Yoosuf N., Joel P. McDonald, Thomas A. Friedmann, Steven M. Yalisove, and David P. Adams. "Nanosecond laser induced ignition thresholds and reaction velocities of energetic bimetallic nanolaminates." Applied Physics Letters 93, no. 10 (2008): 104104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2981570.

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20

Wei, Yaochi, Seokpum Kim, Yasuyuki Horie, and Min Zhou. "Quantification of probabilistic ignition thresholds of polymer-bonded explosives with microstructure defects." Journal of Applied Physics 124, no. 16 (2018): 165110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5031845.

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21

Chuvieco, Emilio, Inmaculada Aguado, and Alexandros P. Dimitrakopoulos. "Conversion of fuel moisture content values to ignition potential for integrated fire danger assessment." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 11 (2004): 2284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-101.

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Fuel moisture content (FMC) estimation is a critical part of any fire danger rating system, since fuel water status is determinant in fire ignition and fire propagation. However, FMC alone does not provide a comprehensive assessment of fire danger, since other factors related to fire ignition (lightning, human factors) or propagation (wind, slope) also need to be taken into account. The problem in integrating all these factors is finding a common scale of danger rating that will make it possible to derive synthetic indices. This paper reviews the importance of FMC in fire ignition and fire pro

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22

Phuoc, Tran X. "Laser spark ignition: experimental determination of laser-induced breakdown thresholds of combustion gases." Optics Communications 175, no. 4-6 (2000): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(00)00488-0.

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23

Gupta, G. P., and B. M. Suri. "Vapour and plasma ignition thresholds for visible pulsed-laser ablation of metallic targets." Applied Surface Science 230, no. 1-4 (2004): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.03.002.

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24

Anishchanka, Y. V., and E. Y. Loktionov. "Comparison of laser breakdown and laser ablation ignition thresholds of combustible gas mixtures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1556 (May 2020): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1556/1/012012.

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25

Finney, Mark A., Jack D. Cohen, Isaac C. Grenfell, and Kara M. Yedinak. "An examination of fire spread thresholds in discontinuous fuel beds." International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, no. 2 (2010): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07177.

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Many fuel beds, especially live vegetation canopies (conifer forests, shrub fields, bunch-grasses) contain gaps between vegetation clumps. Fires burning in these fuel types often display thresholds for spread that are observed to depend on environmental factors like wind, slope, and fuel moisture content. To investigate threshold spread behaviours, we conducted a set of laboratory burn experiments in artificial fuel beds where gap structure, depth, and slope were controlled. Results revealed that fire spread was limited by gap distance and that the threshold distance for spread was increased f

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26

Kim, Seokpum, Yaochi Wei, Yasuyuki Horie, and Min Zhou. "Prediction of shock initiation thresholds and ignition probability of polymer-bonded explosives using mesoscale simulations." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 114 (May 2018): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2018.02.010.

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27

Schwarz, E., S. Gross, B. Fischer, et al. "Laser-induced optical breakdown applied for laser spark ignition." Laser and Particle Beams 28, no. 1 (2010): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034609990668.

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AbstractIn the present article, the experimental investigation of optical breakdown induced by ns/mJ pulses at two wavelengths, 1064 nm and 532 nm, in air of atmospheric pressure is reported and discussed. The obtained breakdown thresholds were compared with theory and are in good agreement. The generated plasmas have been characterized by their amount of scattered laser light, energy transmission, and change of the transmitted temporal shape. Laser-induced plasma formation in a gas, in air, also generates an acoustic pressure wave. The acoustic energy is compared to the laser pulse energy and

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28

Gao Xiang, 高翔, 冯国英 Feng Guoying, 朱海涛 Zhu Haitao, et al. "Determination of ignition thresholds of laser supported combustion wave and detonation wave based on piezoelectric probe." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 9 (2011): 2305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20112309.2305.

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29

Plucinski, Matt P., Wendy R. Anderson, Ross A. Bradstock, and A. Malcolm Gill. "The initiation of fire spread in shrubland fuels recreated in the laboratory." International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, no. 4 (2010): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09038.

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Fire-prone shrub-dominated vegetation communities cover a considerable portion of Australia, including areas fringing urban development. Near urban interfaces, they are actively managed with prescribed fire to reduce the risk of wildfire (unplanned fire). Knowledge of the range of conditions that allow fires to spread or fail to do so is limited and can inconvenience fire managers when conducting prescribed burns. A series of experimental ignitions conducted in miniature shrublands reconstructed in the laboratory were used to investigate factors that influence ignition thresholds. The miniatur

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30

Val-Aguasca, Jesús P., María Videgain-Marco, Pablo Martín-Ramos, Mariano Vidal-Cortés, Antonio Boné-Garasa, and F. Javier García-Ramos. "Fire Risks Associated with Combine Harvesters: Analysis of Machinery Critical Points." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (2019): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120877.

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Combine harvesters are an important cause of fires worldwide. The purpose of this work has been to investigate the critical points associated with the risk of fire, identified through a survey distributed to combine owners in Aragon (Spain). Information was collected on the technical characteristics of the machines and, when appropriate, on the characteristics of the generated fires (crop, use of straw chopper, point in which the fire was originated, etc.). Based on the survey data, relationships between the characteristics of the machine and the ignition of a fire were analyzed, and the point

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31

Vummidi Lakshman, Shashank, John D. Gibbins, Elliot R. Wainwright, and Timothy P. Weihs. "The effect of chemical composition and milling conditions on composite microstructure and ignition thresholds of Al Zr ball milled powders." Powder Technology 343 (February 2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.11.012.

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32

Rui, Zhao, Xu Leping, and Feng Shiquan. "Construction of a reduced mechanism for diesel-natural gas -hydrogen using HCCI model with Direct Relation Graph and Sensitivity Analysis." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 22, no. 4 (2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2020-0039.

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AbstractBased on the theory of direct relation graph (DRG) and sensitivity analysis (SA), a reduced mechanism for diesel-CH4-H2 tri-fuel is constructed. The detailed mechanism of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which has 654 elements and 2827 elementary reactions, is used for mechanism reduction with DRG. Some small thresholds are used in the process of simplifying the detailed mechanism via DRG, and a skeletal mechanism of 266 elements is obtained. Based on the framework of the skeletal mechanism, the time-consuming approach of sensitivity analysis is used for further simplification,

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33

Frantz, David, Marion Stellmes, Achim Röder, and Joachim Hill. "Fire spread from MODIS burned area data: obtaining fire dynamics information for every single fire." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 12 (2016): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16003.

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Fire spread information on a large scale is still a missing key layer for a complete description of fire regimes. We developed a novel multilevel object-based methodology that extracts valuable information about fire dynamics from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area data. Besides the large area capabilities, this approach also derives very detailed information for every single fire regarding timing and location of its ignition, as well as detailed directional multitemporal spread information. The approach is a top–down approach and a multilevel segmentation strate

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34

Burrows, Neil, Malcolm Gill, and Jason Sharples. "Development and validation of a model for predicting fire behaviour in spinifex grasslands of arid Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 4 (2018): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17155.

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Large wildfires are common in spinifex grasslands of arid Australia. Threat mitigation measures including fire preparedness, prescribed burning and wildfire suppression are greatly enhanced by the ability to predict fire behaviour. The new spinifex fire behaviour model presented here was developed and validated from 186 experimental fires across a wide range of fuel and weather conditions. Because spinifex fuels are discontinuous, modelling is a two-step process; once ignition is achieved, the first step is to determine the likelihood of fire spread, which is dependent on conditions of wind sp

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35

Xanthopoulos, Gavriil, Dany Ghosn, and George Kazakis. "Investigation of the wind speed threshold above which discarded cigarettes are likely to be moved by the wind." International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, no. 4 (2006): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf05080.

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Cigarette butts thrown from passing cars often become fire ignition sources. However, this is only possible if a butt ends up on dead and dry fuels on the roadside. The current paper presents two experiments, carried out in a wind tunnel, designed to investigate the wind speed thresholds above which a butt thrown on the road is unlikely to stay on the road surface but will roll with the wind. The work was done for three road surfaces: asphalt, cement, and compacted soil. The experiments demonstrated that a lower wind speed is necessary for cigarette butts to start rolling from a still conditio

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36

Bradstock, R. A., J. S. Cohn, A. M. Gill, M. Bedward, and C. Lucas. "Prediction of the probability of large fires in the Sydney region of south-eastern Australia using fire weather." International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, no. 8 (2009): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf08133.

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The probability of large-fire (≥1000 ha) ignition days, in the Sydney region, was examined using historical records. Relative influences of the ambient and drought components of the Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) on large fire ignition probability were explored using Bayesian logistic regression. The preferred models for two areas (Blue Mountains and Central Coast) were composed of the sum of FFDI (Drought Factor, DF = 1) (ambient component) and DF as predictors. Both drought and ambient weather positively affected the chance of large fire ignitions, with large fires more probable on the Cent

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37

Fernandes, Paulo M., Hermínio Botelho, Francisco Rego, and Carlos Loureiro. "Using fuel and weather variables to predict the sustainability of surface fire spread in maritime pine stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 2 (2008): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-159.

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Thresholds for surface fire spread were examined in maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in northern Portugal. Fire sustainability was assessed after ignition of 2 m fire lines or in larger burns conducted in 10–15 m wide plots. The experiments were carried out from November to June in three fuel types: litter, litter plus shrubs, and litter with a nonwoody understorey. Moisture content of fine dead fuels, on-site weather variables, and descriptors of the fuel complex all had a highly significant influence on the probability of self-sustaining fire spread. A logistic model based solely

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38

Feng, Shiquan. "Numerical Study of the Performance and Emission of a Diesel-Syngas Dual Fuel Engine." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6825079.

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Based on the theory of direct relation graph (DRG) and the sensitivity analysis, a reduced mechanism for the diesel-syngas dual fuel was constructed. Three small thresholds were applied in the process of the detailed mechanism simplification by DRG, and a skeletal mechanism with 185 elements and the 832 elementary reactions was obtained. According to the framework of the skeletal mechanism, the time-consuming approach of sensitivity analysis was employed for further simplification, and the skeletal mechanism was further reduced to the size of 158 elements and 705 reactions. The Chemkin softwar

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39

ELIEZER, SHALOM, PABLO T. LEÓN, JOSÉ M. MARTINEZ-VAL, and DIMITRI V. FISHER. "Radiation loss from inertially confined degenerate plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 4 (2003): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603214191.

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Bremsstrahlung is one of the most important energy loss mechanisms in achieving ignition, which is only possible above a threshold in temperature for a given fusion reaction and plasma conditions. A detailed analysis of the bremsstrahlung process in degenerate plasma points out that radiation energy loss is much smaller than the value given by the classical formulation. This fact seems not useful to relax ignition requirements in self-ignited targets, because it is only relevant at extremely high densities. On the contrary, it can be very positive in the fast ignition scheme, where the target

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40

Rezaie-Chamani, Afsaneh, Abbas Ghasemizad, and Soheil Khoshbinfar. "Ignition threshold in cylindrical fast ignition targets." Physics of Plasmas 26, no. 4 (2019): 042703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5050964.

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41

Mehrangiz, M., and S. Khoshbinfar. "On the evaluation of ignition threshold in proton-carbon hybrid ignitor beam proposal." Contributions to Plasma Physics 60, no. 1 (2019): e201900061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.201900061.

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42

XIANG, SHI-BIAO, XU XIANG, GUANG HUA, LANG CHEN, and CHANG-GEN FENG. "INVESTIGATION ON OXYGEN-EQUILIBRIUM EFFECTS OF LASER IGNITION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS." Modern Physics Letters B 20, no. 07 (2006): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984906010470.

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An investigation on oxygen-equilibrium of laser ignition of energetic materials was carried out through experiments. The threshold energy of laser ignition of several systems such as Zr/KClO 4, Ti/KClO 4, and Mg/KClO 4 were measured with different system composition. The results show that the mass ratio of initial mixture powders has a significant effect on the threshold energy of ignition. The threshold energy presents a minimum with increasing mass ratio, which corresponds to an oxygen-rich system composition. That is, an oxygen-rich composition is favorable to laser ignition. The ignition r

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43

Brandon, V., B. Canaud, M. Temporal, and R. Ramis. "Thermodynamic properties of thermonuclear fuel in inertial confinement fusion." Laser and Particle Beams 34, no. 3 (2016): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034616000422.

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AbstractHot-spot path in the thermodynamic space $({\rm \rho} R,T_{\rm i} )_{{\rm hs}} $ is investigated for direct-drive scaled-target family covering a huge interval of kinetic energy on both sides of kinetic threshold for ignition. Different peak implosion velocities and two initial aspect ratios have been considered. It is shown that hot spot follows almost the same path during deceleration up to stagnation whatever the target is. As attended, after stagnation, a clear distinction is done between non-, marginally-, or fully igniting targets. For the last, ionic temperature can reach very h

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44

de Yong, Leo, and F. Lui. "Radiative Ignition of Pyrotechnics: Effect of Wavelength on Ignition Threshold." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 23, no. 6 (1998): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4087(199812)23:6<328::aid-prep328>3.0.co;2-h.

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45

BADZIAK, J., S. GŁOWACZ, H. HORA, S. JABŁOŃSKI, and J. WOŁOWSKI. "Studies on laser-driven generation of fast high-density plasma blocks for fast ignition." Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 2 (2006): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034606060368.

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The properties of plasma (proton) block driven by the laser-induced skin-layer ponderomotive acceleration (S-LPA) mechanism are discussed. It is shown that the proton density of the plasma block is about a thousand times higher than that of the proton beam produced by the target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. Such a high-density plasma (proton) block can be considered as a fast ignitor of fusion targets. The estimates show that using the S-LPA driven plasma block, the ignition threshold for precompressed DT fuel can be reached at the ps laser energy ≤ 100 kJ.

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46

Hay, Michael J., and Nathaniel J. Fisch. "Ignition threshold for non-Maxwellian plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 22, no. 11 (2015): 112116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4936346.

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47

de Groot, William J., Wardati, and Yonghe Wang. "Calibrating the Fine Fuel Moisture Code for grass ignition potential in Sumatra, Indonesia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, no. 2 (2005): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf04054.

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Grass moisture and ignition studies were conducted in central Sumatra, Indonesia, to develop an indicator of grass ignition potential using the Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. Moisture content of live and dead grass was measured at three sites every 6 days over an 8-month period. Grass curing was highly variable but averaged 37–39% and often exceeded 50% from April to mid-August. Grass fuel loads averaged 420–722 g/m2. There was a highly significant decrease in dead grass moisture content with increasing FFMC, decreasing grass height, and decrea

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Östmark, H., and R. Gräns. "Laser ignition of explosives: Effects of gas pressure on the threshold ignition energy." Journal of Energetic Materials 8, no. 4 (1990): 308–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07370659008012577.

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Östmark, Henric, Magnus Carlson, and Katrin Ekvall. "Laser ignition of explosives: Effects of laser wavelength on the threshold ignition energy." Journal of Energetic Materials 12, no. 1-2 (1994): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07370659408019339.

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Kosarev, I. N., S. V. Kindysheva, N. L. Aleksandrov, and A. Yu Starikovskiy. "Ignition of ethanol-containing mixtures excited by nanosecond discharge above self-ignition threshold." Combustion and Flame 162, no. 1 (2015): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.07.014.

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