Academic literature on the topic 'IHOGA'

Electrical energy is considered to be the heart of modern civilization. Traditional electricalenergy generation approaches which usually rely on oil and its derivatives, produce different kinds of pollution in addition to being expensive to implement and maintain. And most important, they are exhaustible on the long run. The sun is an unlimited source of energy for humanity around the world and a competitive energy with strong potential. The solar systems technology offers a promising method for the large scale use of solar energy in the southern zone of Algeria. The magnitude of solar radiation is the most important parameter for sizing these systems. This study presents a techno-economic feasibility evaluation for an installation of a stand-alone PV system which covers the electric demand of 20 houses in the province of Tindouf located in the South-West of Algeria. The aim is to select the appropriate components and see the results of the simulation using the hybrid simulator iHOGA, which include the total cost, CO2 emissions and their impact on the environment.

Techno-economic, social, and environmental factors influence a large part of society, predominantly in developing countries. Due to energy poverty and bloating populations, developing countries like India are striving to meet the energy balance. One initiative of India to achieve the country’s Renewable Energy Target (RET) is the setting up of the National Solar Mission (NSM) to meet a target of 175 GW (non-hydro) by the year 2022. Prioritizing Renewable Energy (RE) utilization to achieve techno-economic balance is India’s primary objective and creating a positive environmental impact is a bonus. In this study, various scenarios are explored by investigating the techno-economic and environmental impact on RE adoption for a small community in India by optimally sizing the Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES). This study is an exemplar in understanding and exploring RE utilization, whilst examining the recent RE market in depth and exploring the advantages and disadvantages of the current RE situation by initiating it in a smaller community. Improved Hybrid Optimization using Genetic Algorithm (iHOGA) PRO+ software, (Version 2.4 -Pro+ , Created by Dr Rodolfo Dufo López, University Zaragoza (Spain)) is used to size the RE systems. The results are categorized using triple bottom line analysis (TBL analysis) and for different scenarios, the techno-economic, environmental, and social merits are weighed upon. The probable hurdles that India has to surpass to achieve easy RE adoption are also discussed in this work. The influential merits for analyzing the TBL for a real-time scenario are Net Present Cost (NPC), Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) emissions, and job criteria. Compared to Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software, iHOGA remains less explored in the literature, specifically for the grid-connected systems. The current study provides a feasibility analysis of grid-connected RE systems for the desired location. iHOGA software simulated 15 sets of results for different values of loads considered and various acquisition costs of HRES. At least 70% of RE can be penetrated for the Aralvaimozhi community with the lowest value of NPC of the HRES. From the TBL analysis conducted, integrating HRES into a micro-grid for the community would result in mitigating CO2 emissions and provide job opportunities to the local community; although, the economic impact should be minimized if the acquisition costs of the HRES are reduced, as has been established through this study.

Este documento establece una base metodológica para el diseño de un sistema híbrido aislado de red para el Centro de Operaciones Espaciales Cotopaxi del Instituto Espacial Ecuatoriano, utilizando el software iHOGA Hybrid Renewable Optimization by Genetic Algorithms, para la optimización de componentes y la estrategia de control. Además, presenta un estudio de demanda y de los recursos renovables presentes en la estación Cotopaxi, utilizando las mediciones de la Estación M120 del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología INAMHI, mediciones de la Nasa de radiación solar y de recurso eólico, los mapas de radiación solar del CONELEC y el mapa Eólico del MEER. Se finaliza con el procedimiento y análisis para la evaluación financiera escogiendo la mejor solución técnica y económica de diferentes.

Since mid 2010, petrol consumption in the transport sector has increased at a higher rate than in other sectors. The transport sector generates 35% of the total CO2 emissions. In this context, strategies have been adopted to use clean energy, with electromobility being the main directive. This paper examines the possibility of charging electric vehicle batteries with clean energy using solar autochthonous renewable resources. An isolated system was designed, dimensioned, and simulated in operation for a charging station for electric vehicles with photovoltaic panels and batteries as their main components. The optimal configuration of the photovoltaic system was complete with improved Hybrid Optimization by Genetic Algorithms (iHOGA) software version 2.4 and we simulated its operation. The solar energy system has to be designed to ensure that the charging station always has enough electricity to supply several electric vehicles throughout all 24 h of the day. The main results were related to the energy, environmental, and economic performance achieved by the system during one year of operation.

Energy supply in remote areas (mainly in developing countries such as Colombia) has become a challenge. Hybrid microgrids are local and reliable sources of energy for these areas where access to the power grid is generally limited or unavailable. These systems generally include a diesel generator, solar modules, wind turbines, and storage devices such as batteries. Battery life estimation is an essential factor in the optimization of a hybrid microgrid since it determines the system’s final costs, including future battery replacements. This article presents a comparison of different technologies and battery models in a hybrid microgrid. The optimization is achieved using the iHOGA software, based on data from a real microgrid in Colombia. The simulation results allowed the comparison of prediction models for lifespan calculation for both lead–acid and lithium batteries in a hybrid microgrid, showing that the most accurate models are more realistic in predicting battery life by closely estimating real lifespans that are shorter, unlike other simplified methods that obtain much longer and unrealistic lifetimes.

In this paper is analyzed a stand-alone solar-wind hybrid system with energy storage in batteries installed on a farm in Romania. Because, after following the system operation, was discovered that the energy demand is not fully covered, two solutions were proposed. The optimization of the system was performed using iHoga, which is a simulation and optimization software based on genetic algorithms. A series of simulations have been conducted, with different configurations of the system, finally obtaining two optimal solutions for the hybrid system. The first solution proposes to increase the number of photovoltaic panels by 10 panels of the same type - System A, and the second solution proposes the installation of a generator - System B. Analyzing the two solutions was noted that in case of the System A, even if the initial investment is higher and produces a lot of excess energy, the total cost over the lifetime of the system is lower then in case of System B. Also, by comparing the two solutions, can be observed a high increase of carbon dioxide emissions in case of System B.

To help stakeholders plan, research, and develop Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES), the elaboration of numerous modelling techniques and software simulation tools has been reported. The thorough analysis of these undoubtedly complex systems is strongly correlated with the efficient utilisation of the potential of renewable energy and the meticulous development of pertinent designs. In this context, various optimisation constraints/targets have also been utilised. This specific work initially carries out a thorough review of the modelling techniques and simulation software developed in an attempt to define a commonly accepted categorisation methodology for the various existing HRES simulation methods. Moreover, the widely utilised optimisation targets are analysed in detail. Finally, it identifies the sensitivity of two commercial software tools (HOMER Pro and iHOGA) by examining nine case studies based on different wind and solar potential combinations. The results obtained by the two commercial tools are compared with the ESA Microgrid Simulator, a software developed by the Soft Energy Applications and Environmental Protection Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of West Attica. The evaluation of the results, based on the diversification of the renewable energy potential used as input, has led to an in-depth assessment of the deviances detected in the software tools selected.

In this work, the optimization of an off-grid micro-hybrid system is evaluated. This is conducted with the estimation of the proper sizing of each element and the steady-state voltage, frequency, and power responses of the microgrid. Kangaroo Island in South Australia is considered to be the test case location and the grid incorporates solar PV (photo-voltaic), diesel generator, battery storage, and wind turbine. Optimal sizing of the studied microgrid is carried out for four various power dispatch techniques: (i) cycle charging (CC), (ii) generator order (GO), (iii) load following (LF), and (iv) combined dispatch (CD). The proposed off-grid micro-hybrid is optimized for three performance indices; minimal Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), CO2 emission, and Net Present Cost (NPC). Using iHOGA (improved hybrid optimization by genetic algorithm), microgrid optimization software, all the above-mentioned dispatch strategies have been implemented and following this, MATLAB/Simulink platform has been used for the steady-state studies. The results show that the LF strategy is the utmost optimum dispatch technique in terms of the studied performance indices i.e. considering the optimal size and voltage and frequency responses. The results obtained from these studies provide a pathway for the estimation of the resource-generation-load combination for the islanded off-grid microgrid for its optimal operation with the various dispatch strategies.

Coating defects are caused by a series of factors such as the improper operation of workers and the quality of the coating itself. At present, the coating process of all shipyards is inspected and recorded at a specific time after construction, which cannot prevent and control defects scientifically. As a result, coating quality decreases, and production costs increase. Therefore, this paper proposes a knowledge acquisition method based on a rough set (RS) optimized by an improved hybrid quantum genetic algorithm (IHQGA) to guide the ship-coating construction process. Firstly, the probability amplitude is determined according to the individual position of the population, and the adaptive value k is proposed to determine the rotation angle of the quantum gate. On this basis, the simulated annealing algorithm is combined to enhance the local search ability of the algorithm. Finally, the algorithm is applied to rough set attribute reduction to improve the efficiency and accuracy of rough set attribute reduction. The data of 600 painted examples of 210-KBC bulk carriers from a shipyard between 2015 and 2020 are randomly selected to test the knowledge acquisition method proposed in the paper and other knowledge acquisition methods. The results show that the IHQGA attribute approximate reduction algorithm proposed in this paper is the first to reach the optimal adaptation degree of 0.847, the average adaptation degree is better than other algorithms, and the average consumption time is about 10% less than different algorithms, so the IHQGA has more vital and more efficient seeking ability. The knowledge acquisition result based on the IHQGA optimization rough set has 20–50% fewer rules and 5–10% higher accuracy than other methods, and the industry experts have high recognition. The knowledge acquisition method of this paper is validated on a hull segment. The obtained results are consistent with the expert diagnosis results, indicating that the method proposed in this paper has certain practicability.

Notre laboratoire étudie une molécule de morphogène appelée Hedgehog (Hh) utilisant Drosophila melanogaster comme modèle animal. La voie de signalisation Hh est conservée au cours de l'évolution, des invertébrés aux vertébrés, et joue un rôle régulateur dans divers aspects du développement animal et de l'homéostasie tissulaire, tels que le renouvellement cellulaire, la réparation tissulaire et la régénération d'organes. Hh est une molécule bi-lipidique modifiée par le cholestérol au niveau de son extrémité C-terminale et par l'acide palmitique au niveau de son extrémité N-terminale, et se lie donc étroitement à la membrane plasmique. Bien que la molécule soit hydrophobe, elle exerce sa fonction sur une longue distance. Un moyen particulier utilisé par les cellules pour communiquer repose sur un mécanisme basé sur des contacts directs entre cellules via de longues extensions de filopodes à base d'actine, appelées cytonèmes. Cette nouvelle modalité de transfert d’informations est au coeur de mon projet actuel. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié le rôle des cytonèmes dans un tissu épithélial polarisé, appelé disque imaginal de l'aile, tissu précurseur de la larve à partir duquel les ailes adultes se développent. Les cytonèmes ont été largement étudiés dans ce tissu avec l'utilisation de la surexpression d'une protéine marquée par fluorescence appelée Interference of Hedgehog (Ihog). L'expression d'Ihog est une protéine qui peut être utilisée pour stabiliser ces longues extensions membranaires, sans quoi elles sont trop fragiles et détruites par les agents de fixation classiques. Nous présentons ici Ihog, Hh et Dispatched (Disp) comme des acteurs importants de la croissance des cytonèmes. En l'absence de différents domaines Ihog, nous avons constaté une réduction significative de la longueur et du nombre de cytonèmes. En outre, la perte totale de fonction Ihog et de son homologue Boi, réduit le nombre et la longueur des cytonèmes, sans pour autant affecter l’activité à longue distance de Hh. En absence de Hh, la longueur des cytonèmes est réduite, sans modification du nombre de cytonèmes. Avec ce travail, nous proposons une nouvelle fonction non canonique de Hh sur la croissance du cytonème. Pour comprendre le rôle des cytonèmes dans la sécrétion de Hh, nous avons également analysé des disques entièrement mutants pour disp. Chez les mutants disp, l’activité longue distance de Hh est fortement restreinte aux cellules qui juxtapose la source de Hh. En augmentant le nombre et la longueur des cytonèmes contenant Hh dans le mutant disp, nous montrons que la présence de Hh sur ces structures n’est pas suffisante pour activer la voie à longue distance. En conclusion, bien que les protéines susmentionnées contribuent à la structure des cytonèmes, nous n'avons pu mesurer de corrélation directe entre la longueur des cytonèmes et l’activité à longue distance de Hh. Enfin, nous avons voulu corréler l’apparition des cytonèmes avec l’établissement du gradient de Hh in vivo. Pour ce faire, nous avons développé un deuxième modèle alternatif permettant d’étudier la formation de cytonèmes: le modèle des histoblastes abdominaux, que nous pouvons utiliser pour analyser la formation et la dynamique des extensions de membrane chez les animaux vivants. En particulier, nous avons examiné deux nids d'histoblastes dorsaux, où le groupe de cellules postérieures produit Hh et le groupe de cellules antérieures répond au signal Hh. Nos résultats indiquent que l'établissement du gradient de Hh a lieu avant la juxtaposition des deux nids et en l'absence de cytonèmes. Nous avons donc proposé que les cytonèmes qui dépendent de Ihog ne sont pas impliqués dans les premières étapes de l’établissement du gradient de Hh. En conclusion, nos travaux montrent que Hh, bien qu’il soit nécessaire à la croissance du cytonème, n’utilise pas cette structure pour un transport à longue distance, mais certainement pour permettre une communication à courte distance
Our laboratory studies a morphogen molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) using Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model. The Hh signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates, and plays regulatory roles in various aspects of animal development and tissue homeostasis, such as stem cell renewal, tissue repair, and organ regeneration. Hh is a dually lipidated molecule modified by cholesterol at its C-terminus and palmitic acid at its N-terminus, and therefore tightly binds the plasma membrane. Although the hydrophobic nature of the molecule, Hh exerts its function over a long-range of distance. One particular way cells adopted to communicate over long distances is through a new mechanism based on direct cell-cell contacts via long actin-based filopodia extensions, called cytonemes. This new modality for information transfer is at the core of my present project. In this work, we studied this Hh transport mechanism in a polarized epithelial tissue, called the wing imaginal disc, a larval precursor tissue from which the adult wings develop. Cytonemes have been extensively studied in this tissue with the use of the overexpression of a fluorescently tagged protein called Interference of hedgehog (Ihog). The expression of Ihog protein in the wing disc is necessary and sufficient to stabilize these long plasma membrane extensions, otherwise they would be too fragile and easy to be disrupted by conventional fixatives. Here we present Ihog, Hh and Disp as important players in cytoneme growth. In absence of different Ihog domains, we found a significant reduction of cytoneme length and numbers. In addition, Ihog/Boi loss of function was able to reduce the number and length of wild type cytonemes, marked with mCD8GFP. Further, we saw that in loss of function and gain of function genotype for Hh, cytoneme length was reduced and increased respectively, without any change at the cytoneme numbers. With this work, we suggest that Hh has a novel, non-canonical function in the cytoneme growth. To understand the role of cytonemes in Hh secretion we also analyzed discs entirely mutant for Dispatched (Disp). In disp mutants, the Hh gradient is strongly restrained, with most of Hh targets expressed only in anterior cells juxtaposing the A/P border. This phenotype could not be rescued by Ihog overexpression, despite the fact that Hh was very abundant on cytonemes in the disp mutant. Additionally, in the absence of Disp, we observed a reduction of cytoneme length, which suggests a role for Disp in the formation of these filaments, which is likely independent from its function in Hh secretion. In conclusion, although the aforementioned proteins contribute to the structure of cytonemes, we could not measure any direct correlation between the expression of Hh target genes and the simultaneous manipulation of cytoneme length in any mutant condition checked. Finally, we wanted to correlate the time of cytoneme initiation with the establishment of the Hh gradient. In order to do that, we have introduced in the laboratory an alternative system to study cytoneme formation: the abdominal histoblast model, which allowed us to directly analyze the formation and dynamics of membrane extensions in live animals. In particular, we looked at two separated dorsal histoblast nests of the pupal stage (distanced by 30 microns at the onset of pupariation) where the posterior group of cells produces Hh and the anterior cells show expression of various Hh targets. Approximately 15 hours after the onset of the metamorphosis, the abdominal histoblast cells begin to divide and migrate while simultaneously inducing apoptosis in the surrounding larval cells. Our results indicate that the establishment of the Hh gradient occurs before the juxtaposition of the two nests. Nevertheless, we could only observe cytoneme formation after the juxtaposition of the anterior and posterior histoblast cells and not when the two nests were still separated

There have been growing concerns over global warming, and this has increased the awareness towards the reduction of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Many countries including Australia have signed the “Paris Agreement” to try and combat global climate change. This agreement aims to restrict global temperature rise under 2ºC above pre-industrial levels and further limit the temperature rise to 1.5ºC. In December 2018, the United Nations Climate Change conference was held in Katowice, Poland and a framework called the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP24) was agreed upon to help in implementing regulations of 2015 Paris Agreement. The agreement also ensures boosting support to developing countries to counter this threat. In order to help the developing and the most vulnerable countries achieve these rather ambitious goals, this new framework will focus on technology, financial flows and capacity improvement. The global reliance on fossil fuels, which contributes approximately 80% of primary energy, has resulted in the rise of global temperatures. Several countries have begun to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and thus GHG emissions, by shifting their focus towards Renewable Energy (RE). Thus, RE has become a “go to” energy source to solve the aforementioned global issues with a pronounced focus on the guiding energy policies Energy, economics and environment play a crucial role in ensuring the sustainability of a country. Adoption of RE would be the key to ensuring energy sustainability and also reducing the environmental impact, thus helping RE to reach the citizens. Having acknowledged these global challenges and thus relying on RE for the energy needs, sustainability can be achieved by modernising the present micro-grids by integrating RE into them. In order to integrate RE into the existing micro-grid, sizing of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) using RE sources are investigated to improve their energy production mechanism and enhance the overall efficiency. There are several approaches to size the RE sources into a micro-grid. Two approaches are followed for sizing HRES based on analysing the electricity consumption of the area of interest relying on: (i) Hybrid Optimisation of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software and (ii) improved Hybrid Optimisation using Genetic Algorithm (iHOGA) software. This study highlights the issues related to the optimal sizing of the DERs by investigating their use of the novel application in micro-grids, using both photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) as the RES for supplying power to the grid for residences and commercial building at Aralvaimozhi, India and Warrnambool, Australia. These two chosen locations are bestowed with good sunlight and wind. The average solar radiation in Warrnambool 4.16kWh/m2/day and annual average wind velocity 5.96m/s. The wind speed and the average solar radiation at Aralvaimozhi are 7.16m/s and 5.05kWh/m2/day respectively. Aralvaimozhi has been spotted as a potential wind farm location according to the Government of Tamil Nadu. India being a developing country and Australia, a developed country, their respective energy policies are scrutinised to understand their energy policies status. Suggestions to improve RE adoption by understanding the energy policies laid by other RE developed counties like Germany, USA, etc. have been conducted. Triple Bottom Line (TBL) analysis is conducted to understand the feasibility of adopting RE into a micro-grid. It focuses on the Techno-economic, environmental and social perspectives to understand the feasibility of RE adoption from the perspective of a developed country (Australia) versus a developing country (India). In this respect, a prototype model of the micro-grid is studied and used at Victoria University, Footscray Campus for various scenarios.