Dissertations / Theses: 'IIRC'

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Sosa, Pablo Ricardo Belosevich. "O Relato Integrado sob a ótica da Economia Ecológica: uma análise multimétodo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-09052018-180833/.

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A Economia Ecológica traz como principal fundamento a limitação biofísica do Capital Natural como fonte primária na geração de Serviços Ecossistêmicos demandados pela sociedade. A discussão sobre os limites ecossistêmicos ganhou expressão internacional nas reflexões trazidas pelo relatório Limits to Growth (1972) e consolidou-se na Avaliação Ecossistêmica do Milênio (2005). A diretriz de limitação das atividades econômicas à capacidade de suporte dos ecossistemas vem sendo incorporada no contexto da governança ambiental global, por meio de conferências, convenções e tratados voltados para a governança de temáticas como mudanças climáticas, gestão de recursos hídricos e biodiversidade. No entanto, desde a publicação do Clube de Roma (1968), (um alerta sobre a vulnerabilidade do crescimento econômico às limitações do capital natural) houve predominância, no setor empresarial, de abordagens pautadas nos conceitos Triple Bottom Line e de Ecoeficiência, deixando em segundo plano a discussão sobre os limites ecossistêmicos. Os relatórios de sustentabilidade, instrumentos voltados à divulgação de informações socioambientais das empresas aos seus Stakeholders, refletem também esta trajetória de ênfase a estas abordagens. Entretanto, o advento do Relato Integrado (RI), traz elementos em sua Estrutura, documentos-base e em discursos de sua entidade propositora (o International Integrated Reporting Council - IIRC), que sugerem aderência ao entendimento da Economia Ecológica. Ou seja, de que o Capital Natural provê o ambiente sobre o qual os outros capitais se apoiam. Em função disto, este estudo teve como objetivo geral verificar se o RI corresponde a uma iniciativa alinhada aos fundamentos da Economia Ecológica. O alinhamento do RI a tais fundamentos, o configuraria como um marco no setor empresarial, correspondendo a uma iniciativa pioneira, permitindo considerá-lo um potencial vetor de mudança sobre os paradigmas atuais de gestão corporativa. Para elucidar esta questão realizou-se uma análise multimétodo, em três etapas. Nas duas primeiras analisaram-se os documentos: Estrutura Internacional para Relato Integrado (2013), o CAPITALS: Background Paper for (2013) e os Relatórios Integrados divulgados pelas 6 organizações brasileiras selecionadas, para os anos de 2014 e 2015. Na última etapa de entrevistas verificou-se o discurso dos gestores de cada empresa. Os resultados avaliam a aderência de tais documentos e dos discursos aos fundamentos da Economia Ecológica. O estudo conclui que o RI não corresponde a uma iniciativa alinhada com os fundamentos da Economia Ecológica e, entre seus principais resultados, destaca: i) as divergências encontradas entre os documentos produzidos pelo IIRC, quanto ao seu alinhamento aos fundamentos da Economia Ecológica, que comprometem o potencial do RI como vetor de transformação da governança corporativa; ii) a baixa incidência de elementos e abordagens alusivas a tais fundamentos nos relatórios analisados, além de que, iii) para os casos em que o alinhamento a tais fundamentos foi detectado, não há relação com a adoção das diretrizes do IIRC. O estudo contribui ainda com a sugestão de modificações na Estrutura Internacional para Relato Integrado, no sentido de orientar o alinhamento da iniciativa aos fundamentos da Economia Ecológica, diferenciando-a no que tange à gestão ambiental corporativa.
The Ecological Economics has as its main foundation the biophysical limitation of Natural Capital in relation to the society\'s demand for Ecosystem Services. The discussion on ecosystem boundaries gained international expression in the reflections brought by the Limits to Growth report (1972) and consolidated in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). The guideline limiting economic activities to ecosystem support capacity has been incorporated in the context of global environmental governance, through conferences, conventions and treaties focused on the governance of issues such as climate change, water resources management and biodiversity. However, since the Club of Rome (1968) (an initiative alerting about the vulnerability of economic growth to the limitations of natural capital), there was a predominance in the business sector of approaches based on the concepts of Triple Bottom Line and Eco-efficiency, leaving in the behind the discussion about the ecosystem limits. The sustainability reports, instruments aimed at the dissemination of companys social and environmental information to their Stakeholders, also reflect this trajectory of emphasis to these approaches. However, the advent of the Integrated Reporting (IR) brings elements in its Structure, base documents and speeches of its proposer (the International Integrated Reporting Council - IIRC), which suggest adherence to the understanding of the Ecological Economics, that Natural Capital provides the environment upon which other capitals rely. In this sense, this study has as general objective to verify if the IR corresponds to an initiative aligned with the Ecological Economics foundations. The alignment of the IR to such basement, would configure it as a landmark in the business sector, corresponding to a pioneering initiative, allowing to consider it as a potential vector of change on the current paradigms of corporate management. To elucidate this question a multi-method analysis was carried out in three stages. Stages one and two analyzed the following documents: The international Framework (2013), CAPITALS: Background Paper for (2013) and the Integrated Reports released by the six Brazilian organizations selected, for the years 2014 and 2015. And in the third interview stage analyzed the discourse of the managers of each company. The results evaluate the adherence of such documents and discourses to the Ecological Economics foundations. The study concludes that IR does not correspond to an initiative aligned with the Ecological Economics foundations and, among its main results, it highlights: i) the divergences found between the documents produced by the IIRC and its alignment with the these foundations, which compromise the potential of IR as a transformation vector of corporate governance; ii) the low incidence of elements and approaches alluding to such foundations in the analyzed reports. Besides that, iii) in cases where the alignment to these foundations was detected, there is no relation with the adoption of the IIRC guidelines. The study also contributes by proposing modifications in The international Framework, in order to direct the alignment of the initiative to the Ecological Economics foundations, differentiating it in what concerns to the corporate environmental management.

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Ricci, Tatiana Gama. "A utilização das orientações do International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) para relato integrado em uma empresa de saneamento municipal." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/959.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Gama Ricciprot.pdf: 4121722 bytes, checksum: b1407b476daec01c39ad86ba65b0c3e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27
The disclosure of information that is more than just financial by a company has become a necessity of the 21st century, and has driven the creation of several tools for communicating the social and environmental impact of companies, such as Social Balance, or Sustainability Reports. However, it has been observed that, often, the information contained within these reports is disconnected from the financial statements of the companies, which has led to discussions of integrated reporting. A group of studies was set up (an initiative of the Prince of Wales) in order to develop and provide some guidance on the integration of financial and non-financial information for the purposes of corporate reporting. Given the need for companies to integrate financial and non-financial information, to understand their impacts in other capitals, beyond the financial, and to show long-term value creation to their various stakeholders, especially capital investors, this study aimed, through an interventionist approach, to help SA Water Supply Company (SANASA) apply the guidelines presented by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) for integrated reporting, by suggesting the consolidation of the IIRC guidelines with those of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) in a series of phases, to be applied in the preparation of its Sustainability Report. Three of these phases were executed in this study, which serve as models for the company studied (SANASA) and can be used by other companies wishing to implement integrated reporting of financial and non-financial information according to both the IIRC guidelines and GRI guidelines. During the execution of these phases it was observed that the IIRC guidelines are broad, calling for meetings and training investments so that the company can incorporate integrated thinking into its actions, and thus result in a medium- to long-term process. The study also elaborates on the contributions, opportunities and challenges that occurred throughout the process of incorporating IIRC guidelines as they relate to the practical implementation of the integrated report and also as they differentiate the IIRC guidelines from others, facilitating the discussion about this new form of communication, which has been created to meet the specific needs of this century.
O disclosure de informações que não sejam apenas financeiras se apresenta como uma necessidade do século 21, que faz surgir algumas ferramentas de comunicação para as informações sociais e ambientais, tais como o Balanço Social, também chamado de Relatórios de Sustentabilidade. Porém foi observado que, muitas vezes, as informações constantes nesses relatórios, não se relacionavam com as demonstrações financeiras das empresas, o que fomentou a discussão a respeito do relato integrado. Assim montou-se um grupo de estudos, uma iniciativa do Príncipe de Gales, com o objetivo de fornecer orientações quanto à integração de informações financeiras e não financeiras. Nesse sentido, diante da necessidade da integração de suas informações financeiras e não financeiras, de conhecer os impactos em outros capitais, além do financeiro, e de demonstrar a criação de valor a longo prazo a seus diversos stakeholders, principalmente a seus fornecedores de capital, este trabalho buscou, através de uma abordagem intervencionista, auxiliar a empresa estudada Sociedade de Abastecimento de Água S.A. (SANASA), a utilizar as orientações do International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) para relato integrado, sugerindo em forma de etapas, uma consolidação das orientações do IIRC com as diretrizes da Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) para ser aplicada na elaboração do seu Relatório de Sustentabilidade. Foram aplicadas, portanto, neste trabalho três dessas etapas, que servem de modelo para a empresa estudada e que podem ser utilizados por outras empresas que pretendem iniciar o relato de suas informações financeiras e não financeiras conforme as orientações do IIRC e diretrizes da GRI. Durante a aplicação dessas etapas foi observado que as orientações do IIRC são amplas e que são necessários investimentos em treinamentos e reuniões para que a empresa consiga incorporar o pensamento integrado em suas ações, além de ser um processo de médio a longo prazo. O estudo também apresenta as contribuições, oportunidades e desafios ocorridos durante todo o processo de incorporação das orientações do IIRC o que colabora com os práticos na implantação do relato integrado e também difunde as orientações do IIRC, fomentando uma discussão quanto a essa nova forma de comunicação que tende a suprir as necessidades deste século.

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Lignell, Viktor, and Carl Ohlsson. "Förmågan att vara unik i en omvärld som homogeniseras - en studie på IIRC ramverk." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52045.

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Haeger, Anton, and Felix Jonsson. "Integrerad rapportering i Europa : En kvantitativ studie av förklarande faktorer." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26382.

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Titel: Integrerad rapportering i Europa – En kvantitativ studie av förklarande faktorer Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi med inriktning redovisning. Författare: Anton Haeger & Felix Jonsson Handledare: Fredrik Hartwig Datum: 2018 - mars

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka huruvida användningen av integrerad rapportering ökat till följd av publikationen av The International <IR> Framework och om detta har något samband med bransch, sektor och storlek.

Metod: För att besvara studiens syfte är den skriven med ett positivistiskt förhållningssätt och med en deduktiv ansats. Studien är av kvantitativ karaktär där sekundärdata i form av GRI:s databas använts. Datan har analyserats med hjälp av multipel regressionsanalys och Pearsons korrelationstest.

Resultat & slutsats: Studiens resultat visar på att användningen av integrerad rapportering ökat sedan The International <IR> Framework publicerades. Resultatet visar även på att användningen av integrerad rapportering har ett positivt samband med företag inom den offentliga sektorn.

Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Framtida studier inom integrerad rapportering skulle kunna utföra liknande undersökningar i andra geografiska områden och även undersöka fler faktorer.

Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna studie bidrar med empiriska data specifikt för Europa. Studien undersöker även hur användandet av integrerad rapportering förändrats sedan The International <IR> Framework publicerades.

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Nichi, Jaqueline. "Governança e relatório integrado: discursos e práticas da sustentabilidade corporativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100136/tde-02032016-172903/.

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A crise econômica tornou a transparência um valor para as corporações e influenciou o surgimento de um mercado verde de relatórios de Sustentabilidade. Este fenômeno motivou esta pesquisa, que enfoca o caso do Relato Integrado (Integrated Reporting ) promovido pelo International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), rede sem fins lucrativos formada por múltiplos atores. O prevê a integração de dados financeiros e não-financeiros - sociais e ambientais - a fim de demonstrar como a organização cria valor ao longo do tempo para seus diversos públicos. Como base teórica, foi explorada a perspectiva da Teoria Institucional e da Nova Sociologia Econômica, que explica o desenvolvimento dos mercados a partir construções sociais. O objetivo foi investigar a razão de as empresas adotarem esta prática voluntária e compreender como as 12 companhias brasileiras do Programa Piloto do Relato Integrado aderiram às diretrizes de governança propostas pelo IIRC. Este requisito é diferenciador por influenciar diretamente a tomada de decisão. Para isso, o campo organizacional e a rede foram abordados de forma exploratória a fim de comprovar como esta prática influi, ou não, na agenda da Sustentabilidade. O método qualitativo de estudo de caso e a técnica de análise do discurso para interpretar as entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com a amostra embasaram a análise dos dados. Os resultados indicam que o campo organizacional das grandes empresas e associações do mercado guiam pressões isomórficas que influenciam essa prática. Por outro lado, há evidências de que a mudança na governança das práticas socioambientais corporativas influencia resultados práticos em prol de uma agenda mais sustentável. Conclui-se, ao considerar o campo dos relatórios como resultado de uma estrutura social, que essa rede vai além das exigências legais e regulatórias e passa a ser vista como exemplo a ser seguido ao tornar a Sustentabilidade um valor intrínseco à prática empresarial
The economic crisis has made transparency a value for corporations and influenced the emergence of a \"green market\" of Sustainability reports. This phenomenon motivated this research which focuses on the case of the Integrated Reporting () sponsored by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), a nonprofit network of multiple actors. The proposes the integration of financial and non-financial indicators - social and environmental - in order to demonstrate how the organization creates value over time to its stakeholders. As theoretical basis, it was explored the perspective of Institutional Theory and New Economic Sociology, which explains the development of markets from social constructs. The objective aimed to investigate the reason for companies to adopt this voluntary practice and understand how the 12 Brazilian companies of the Integrated Reporting Pilot Program adhered to the governance guidelines proposed by the IIRC. This requirement is a differentiator because it directly influences the decision-making. For this, the organizational field and the network were studied in an exploratory way in order to prove how this practice influence, or not, the agenda of sustainability. The qualitative method of case study and the discourse analysis technique to interpret the semi-structured interviews were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that the organizational field of big business and market associations guide isomorphic pressures that influence the practice. On the other hand, there is evidence that the change in the governance of corporate social and environmental practices influence practical results in favor of a more sustainable agenda. The conclusion, when considering the field of reports as result of a social structure, the network goes beyond the legal and regulatory requirements and is seen as an example to be followed in making sustainability an intrinsic value to the business practice

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Kalifa, Dalida, and Awat Safari. "Integrerad rapportering - Ett nytt sätt att rapportera." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-25577.

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Titel: Integrerad rapportering – Ett nytt sätt att rapportera Datum: 2014-06-03 Lärosäte: Mälardalens högskola, Västerås Institution: Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik Kurs: Magisteruppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 hp Författare: Dalida Kalifa & Awat Safari Handledare: Leif Carlsson Nyckelord: Integrerad rapportering, IIRC, hållbarhetsredovising, finansiella rapporter och icke-finansiella rapporter Examinator: Cecilia Lindh Problemformulering: - Vad innebär begreppet integrerad rapportering? - Vilka fördelar respektive nackdelar finns det med integrerad rapportering? - Finns det ett behov av en integrerad rapportering, i så fall vad ligger bakom behovet? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad begreppet integrerad rapportering innebär och vilka fördelar respektive nackdelar en integrerad rapportering medför. Vidare är syftet att undersöka om det finns ett behov av en integrerad rapportering samt vad som ligger bakom detta eventuella behov. Metod: Metoden i studien är av en kvalitativ karaktär med en deduktiv ansats. Primärdata har samlats in genom intervjuer med 16 respondenter. Slutsatser: De slutsatser som studien har kommit fram till är att en integrerad rapportering är ett förändrat synsätt där företag ska sätta lika stort värde vid den finansiella och icke-finansiella informationen samt kopplingen mellan dessa. Fördelen med den integrerade rapporteringen är att den ger en tydlig och fullständig bild av ett företags verksamhet. Nackdelen med den integrerade rapporteringen är att den kan leda till omfattande rapporter. Företag och intressenter är i behov av en rapport som integrerar och visar en tydlig koppling mellan de ekonomiska frågorna med de sociala samt miljömässiga frågorna så att en helhetsbild av verksamheten skapas.

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Nishimoto, Keiko. "Value creation over time: the application of IIRC integrated reporting framework to demonstrate the value of MICE business." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259085.

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Kussaba, Cristiane Tiemi. "Análise dos elementos de conteúdo do relato integrado: Itaú Unibanco e Natura - 2013 e 2014." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-05022016-114515/.

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O Relato Integrado é a estrutura de divulgação que reúne informações financeiras, ambientais, sociais e de governança em um formato claro, conciso, consistente e comparável, de modo a entender o processo de geração de valor da organização ao longo do tempo. Em 2011, diversas organizações aderiram ao Projeto Piloto do IIRC e, em 2013, foi lançada a Estrutura Conceitual para Relato Integrado, que tem sido referência para a geração do mesmo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é verificar de que forma algumas empresas participantes deste Projeto Piloto do IIRC divulgaram os elementos de conteúdo propostos pela Estrutura Conceitual para Relato Integrado nos seus documentos de 2013 e 2014. Para tanto, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo dos Relatos Integrados de 2013 e 2014 das empresas Itaú Unibanco e Natura, de modo a verificar quais e como foram divulgados os elementos de conteúdo (categorias) e os itens de elementos de conteúdo (subcategorias) pelas duas empresas, tecendo comparações entre os dois anos. Para o complemento das análises, foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais envolvidos na geração do Relato Integrado dentro de cada empresa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, na qual foram empregados os procedimentos de pesquisa documental e entrevistas. Dentre os resultados, são percebidas, de 2013 para 2014, evoluções na apresentação de quantos e como foram divulgados os elementos de conteúdo do Relato Integrado nas duas empresas. Destaca-se, por exemplo, a divulgação de Governança e Estratégia e Alocação de Recursos na Natura, que apresentou todos os itens propostos dentro dos referidos elementos de conteúdo. No Itaú, o elemento de conteúdo que teve maior crescimento numérico de itens divulgados foi Governança. Quantitativamente, as duas empresas ou mantiveram o mesmo ou aumentaram o número de subcategorias divulgadas de um ano para o outro. No geral, os principais pontos de evolução no Relato Integrado do Itaú Unibanco de 2013 para 2014 observados são: maior completude, maior concisão na apresentação das informações, expansão do conteúdo do Relato Integrado através de uma maior conexão com informações de outros relatórios, detalhamento da gestão da empresa, a abordagem da visão mais de longo prazo, maior percepção do engajamento da alta administração na produção do relatório, melhoria na divulgação dos processos de governança e ampliação de quase todas as partes do Relato Integrado. Na Natura, pode-se destacar a Visão de Sustentabilidade da empresa que melhorou diversos aspectos do Relato Integrado, entendimento mais fácil em relação ao ano anterior, mais assertividade na comunicação, um maior foco nos temas materiais e na gestão de riscos e uma visão mais integrada dos diversos públicos da empresa. Para estudos futuros, sugere-se a ampliação da amostra e do período de análise para verificar o alcance efetivo dos objetivos a que se propõe o Relato Integrado.
Integrated reporting is the disclosure framework that brings together financial, environmental, social and governance issues in a clear, concise, consistent and comparable format in order to understand the process of organization value creation overt time. In 2011, several organizations joined the IIRC Pilot Project and, in 2013, the Conceptual Framework for Integrated Reporting was issued, which has been reference for generating the same. The purpose of this study is to verify how some companies engaged in this IIRC Pilot Project released the content elements proposed in this Conceptual Framework on their 2013 and 2014 Integrated Reports. Therefore, it was carried out the content analysis of the 2013 and 2014 Integrated Reports from Itaú Unibanco and Natura, in order to verify what and how it was disclosed the content elements (categories) and items of content elements (subcategories) by these two companies, making comparisons over the two years. To complement this analysis, interviews were conducted with professionals involved in the implementation of the Integrated Reporting within each company. This is a field research, in which the documentary research and interview procedures were applied. The results indicate changes from the 2013 to 2014 Integrated Reports in terms of how many and how the Integrated Reporting content elements were disclosed in the two companies. Noteworthy, for example, the disclosure of Governance and Strategy and Resource Allocation in the Natura\'s report, which presented all the items proposed in those content elements. In the Itaú\'s report, content element that had greater numerical growth of items disclosed was Governance. Quantitatively, the two companies or continued the same or increased the number of subcategories disclosed over the two years analyzed. Overall, the main points of progress observed on Itaú Unibanco Integrated Reporting from 2013 to 2014 are: greater completeness, more concise presentation of information, expansion of the content of the Integrated Reporting through greater connection with information from other reports, detailing of the company management, the approach of a more long-term vision, greater awareness of senior management engagement in the production of the report, improved disclosure about the governance processes and the expansion of almost all parties of the Integrated Reporting. In Natura\'s report, it is possible to highlight the company\'s Sustainability Vision, which has improved several aspects of the Integrated Reporting, easier understanding in comparison with the previous year, more assertiveness in communication, a greater focus on material issues and on risk management and a more integrated view of the several stakeholders of the company. For future studies, it is suggested the expansion of the sample and the analysis period to verify the effective achievement of the objectives proposed in the Integrated Reporting.

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Landström, Linda, and Martin Uppman. "Integrerad Rapportering på Stockholm Large Cap : En studie kring integrering av social- och miljöinformation i årsredovisningar – efterlevnad av IR-principer och förklarande faktorer." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19536.

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Integrerad rapportering (IR) sprider sig inom redovisningsvärlden och modellen ska enligt förespråkarna skänka en transparent bild över hur företagen sammanlänkar finansiell och icke-finansiell information. Genom intressent- och legitimitetsteoretiska postulat syftar studien till att visa vilka faktorer (storlek, skuldsättningsgrad, ägarkoncentration och bransch) som kan påverka valet att tillämpa IR-principer. Vidare undersöks om mängden integrerad information verkligen skiljer sig mellan företag som tillämpar IR och övriga. Fokus ligger på social- och miljöinformation som finns integrerad med övriga upplysningar. Empirin har genererats genom en i huvudsak kvantitativ innehållsanalys av 67 årsredovisningar från företag noterade på Nasdaq OMX Large Cap. Regressionsanalyser och Mann-Whitney test har använts för att analysera den insamlade empirin. De statistiska testerna visar att storlek och branschtillhörighet har signifikanta samband med mängden integrerad miljö- och social information i årsredovisningarna. Ägarkoncentration och skuldsättningsgrad visade dock inget samband vilket talar för att finansiella intressenter inte pressar företag mot IR-principer. Signifikanta skillnader kunde konstateras mellan årsredovisningarna som uppgavs vara integrerade i förhållande till övriga. Denna upptäckt kan tolkas som att IR-tillämpande företag även har en starkare hängivenhet till hållbarhetsfrågor. Studien bidrar med en bild över hur IR-principer förekommer på svensk börs samt hur detta ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv skiljer sig från övriga årsredovisningar. Vidare indikerar studien att paralleller kan dras mellan IR och frivillig rapportering i övrigt då företagens storlek och branschtillhörighet påverkat årsredovisningens utformning. Som fortsatt forskning föreslås studier kring IR ur ett användarperspektiv då utbudet av detta idag är skralt och samtidigt kritiskt för fortsatt utveckling av IR.
Integrated reporting (IR) is spreading in the accounting world and according to proponents the model should give a transparent picture of how the companies are linking financial and non-financial disclosures. Through postulates from stakeholder- and legitimacy theory this study aims to demonstrate which factors (size, debt ratio, ownership concentration and industry) that may affect the choice of applying IR principles. Furthermore, the study also examines whether the amount of integrated information really differs between companies who allege to apply IR and others. Focus lays on social- and environmental information. The empirical data is essentially generated by a quantitative content analysis of 67 annual reports from companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Large Cap. Regression analysis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the collected empirical data. The statistical tests show that size and industry has significant effect on the amount of integrated information within the annual reports. Debt ratio and ownership concentration however, showed no relationship which leads to the conclusion that financial stakeholders is not pressuring the companies towards IR principles. Significant differences between the annual reports claimed to be integrated and other annual reports where observed. This finding could be interpreted as companies that apply IR also have a stronger devotion to sustainability issues. Future research is suggested to be conducted from a user perspective. The supply of this type of studies is poor but crucial for continued development of IR.

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Kücükgül, Egemen. "Corporate Sustainability and Reporting Frameworks : A Methodology forAligning Various Guides on Sustainable Development Goals." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178236.

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The number of sustainability-related reporting frameworks has been increasing throughout the years, as a response to increasing awareness towards the sustainability-related issues from various stakeholders of companies. At the same time, major sustainability-related reporting frameworks publish more guides to support the business on its Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) commitment. For the business, it is challenging to use these guides in harmony to obtain the highest benefit for achieving corporate sustainability targets. The thesis aims to provide a structural approach and a robust alignment methodology, which can be repeatedly utilized over time, on how to establish tailor-made alignment guidances for various corporations, by considering their current specific SDGs reporting challenges and stakeholder expectations by harmonizing Global Reporting Initiative’s and Integrated Reporting’s SDGs guides. The thesis conducts a set of research methods such as case study analysis of telecommunication sector companies, semi-structured interviews with sustainability professionals, content analysis of company reports, and secondary data analysis of various stakeholder engagement forums for the SDGs. The thesis concludes that it is possible to construct a structural alignment approach in six steps, which constitutes identifying the underlying reasons of alignment (Step 1), mapping the external and internal stakeholder views (Step 2), defining the specific SDGs challenges of the companies analyzed (Step 3), examining the segments of corporate sustainability according to the current SDGs challenges of the companies analyzed (Step 4), preparing alignment guidance by defining the contributions of the SDGs guides analyzed, over the challenges examined by the segments of corporate sustainability (Step 5), improving the SDGs commitment performance of the companies analyzed, by applying the tailor-made alignment guidance established for the specific needs (Step 6). Furthermore, the thesis finds out that the case study companies can use all the SDGs guides analyzed to varying degrees, yet, especially SDGs Disclosures and the Analysis of Goals and Targets SDGs guides can support the contemporary needs of case study companies, to address their sustainability strategy, inside-out assessment, and sustainability management accounting & control requirements. As underlying research limitations, the thesis focuses on a specified range of case study samples and reporting frameworks. The thesis adds value to the corporate sustainability literature by analyzing the relationship between the same sector companies and SDG guides of sustainability-related reporting frameworks over an alignment approach and methodology established by the thesis.

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Schulz, Nathalie, and Frida Burenius. "Integrated Reporting in OMXS30 companies - An Analysis of Human Capital Disclosures." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-29967.

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Background and Problem: Sustainability reporting is a growing interest in today’s organizations and it is essential to report on non-financial matters. Many of the existing frameworks have been criticized for being used only of symbolical reasons which is why the concept of integrated reporting and the <IR> framework have been developed. One of the cornerstones in the <IR> framework is human capital which is one of the most valuable assets in an organization. Traditionally, employee costs have only been treated as an expense and there have been limited disclosures in corporate reports. In the current business world it is instead seen as an investment in human resources. Since previous studies have shown an increase of human capital disclosures when corporate reports become integrated, integrated reporting might be the solution to this problem. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine if there are differences in human capital disclosures between integrated reports and separate annual and sustainability reports in companies listed at OMXS30. Delimitations: This study’s empirical examination is limited to include the companies listed at Stockholm OMX30. Only corporate reports issued for the year 2014 are treated. Methodology: For this study a self-constructed disclosure scoreboard with human capital- related items has been used to collect data from the companies’ corporate reports. Also additional information beyond the pre-determined items has been collected to extend the data collection. Empirical Results and Conclusion: The results show that human capital seems to be a subject that is relatively little reported about. The integrated reporting companies do not disclose more information compared to non-integrated reporting companies. However, the results show that integrated reporting companies seem to have a more future-oriented focus and that the disclosures are more dispersed throughout the reports. It can be concluded that company sector and size do not affect the amount or type of information.

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Kihlström, Anne, and Klara-Lotta Larsson. "Integrating Sustainability : A study of consultants’ translation of the Integrated Reporting framework in a Swedish context." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255942.

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The present study examines how legitimacy is created in consultants’ translation of the Integrated Reporting (IR) framework in a Swedish context. The aim was to understand which logics from the sociology of worth (SOW) the consultants’ translation of the IR framework will build on in making it a legitimate practice in a Swedish context. The study employed three aspects presented by Patriotta et al. (2011), where actors provide justifications in order to attain legitimacy, to describe the translation process. Boltanski and Thévenot’s SOW was applied to discern what logics that were present and compromised upon in the translation process to make the IR framework a legitimate practice in a Swedish context. The present study mainly found the logics of fame, industrial and market, but other logics was also found in the process of making a legitimate translation of the IR framework by the consultants. Thus resulting in a broad compromise of logics, generating potentially vague and ambiguous statements of sustainability. If integrated reporting is the future for corporate reporting, then these dominating logics in the translation of the IR framework might set the tone for the sustainability reporting that will be spread by consultants in a Swedish context.

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CUNHA, FERNANDO BRANDAO LOBATO. "ADAPTATION ALGORITHM OF IIR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1991. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9838@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A partir da forma geral do algoritmo de adaptação, é proposto o uso de mais uma variável de projeto, denominada janela. Esta janela tem por objetivo melhorar as características de convergência de algoritmos, cujos parâmetros são partes de estruturas IIR. A introdução das janelas é justificada heuristicamente e seu desempenho é avaliado por meio de diversas simulações de identificação de sistemas. Os resultados obtidos indicam aumentos significativos na velocidade de convergência (cerca de uma ordem de grandeza mais rápido do que os algoritmos atualmente mais usados), na precisão das estimativas dos parâmetros do problema e na robustez dos novos algoritmos (menor número de pólos instáveis durante a adaptação). Estes resultados foram observados em ambientes estacionários e não estacionários, com e sem ruído de medida e com ordem de identificação suficiente ou não.
From the adaptation algorithm general form it is proposed the usage of another design variable, called Window. The goal of this Window is to improve the convergence characteristics of algorithms whose parameters are parts of IIR Structures. The introduction of the Window is heuristically justified and its performance is eventuated by several system identification simulations. The results achieved suggest significant increase in the convergence speed (about one order of magnitude faster than the currently most used algorithms), in the parameter estimation precision and in the new algorithm robusteness (fewer unstable poles during adaptation). These results were observed in sationary and non-stationary environments, with and without measurement noise and with sufficient identification order or not.

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Kling, Barbara. "Mycenaean IIIC:1b and related pottery in Cyprus /." Göteborg : P. Åström, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38882675j.

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FACEROLI, SILVANA TEREZINHA. "STABILIZATION OF ADAPTIVE IIR FILTERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1998. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8628@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
De modo geral, as análises de estabilidade em filtragem digital adaptativa referem-se a possíveis instabilidades nos algoritmos de adaptação. Entretanto, a estabilização do algoritmo é apenas parte do problema, visto que também deve ser considerada a estabilização das estruturas recursivas onde operam estes algoritmos. Este trabalho discute a estabilização das estruturas recursivas de filtragem digital utilizadas em filtros IIR adaptativos, apresentando soluções para seu emprego em tempo real. A estabilização da estrutura, somada a do algoritmo, tem o objetivo de estabilizar a operação do filtro como um todo. O estudo inicia pela análise dos principais algoritmos para filtros IIR adaptativos, enfatizando o aspecto estabilidade. Desta forma, pode-se atribuir eventuais instabilidades ocorridas na seqüência do trabalho apenas à estrutura, evitando confundi-las com problemas do algoritmo. Na seqüência, é proposto um novo algoritmo que pretende estabilizar as estruturas recursivas dos filtros IIR digitais através de um modelo com estrutura adaptável. O método é baseado na variação percentual da energia do erro, calculada em tempo real. Finalmente, são apresentados alguns exemplos, indicando a viabilidade do método proposto. Eles ainda mostram benefícios adicionais no seu uso no aspecto velocidade de convergência e redução de eventuais polarizações de parâmetros do processo.
The stability analysis in adaptative digital filters is generally referred to possible instabilities in the adaptation algorthms. However, the algorithm stabilization is only part of the problem, because the stabilization of the recursive structures, where this algorithms operate, should be also considered. This work discusses the stabilization of digital filtering recursive structures that are used in adaptative IIR filters, presenting solutions to its use real time. The stabilization of the structure, added to the stabilization of the algorithm, has the objective of stabilizing the whole filter operation. The study begins with the analysis of the main algorithms for adaptive IIR filters, emphasizing the stability aspect. In this way, instabilities wventually occurred in the sequence of the work could be atributed only to the structure, avoiding any confusion with algorithm´s errors. After that, a new algorithm, that intend to stabilize the recursive structures of the digital IIR filters with a adaptable structure model, is proposed. The method is based on the error energy percentage variation, with real time calculation. Finally, some examples are presented, indicating the viability of the proposed method, showing additional benefits in the convergence speed and reduction of the polarization of the process parameters.

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Sundaralingam, Sathiaseelan. "Evolving optimal IIR and adaptive filters." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300977.

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Hevey, Stephen J. "Adaptive Control using IIR Lattice Filters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36736.

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This work is a study of a hybrid adaptive controller that blends fixed feedback control and adaptive feedback control techniques. This type of adaptive controller removes the requirement that information about the disturbance is known apriori. Additionally, the control structure is implemented in such a way that as long as the adaptive controller is stable during adaptation, the system consisting of the controller and plant remain stable. The objective is to design and implement an adaptive controller that damps the structural vibrations induced in a multi-modal structure. The adaptive controller utilizes an adaptive infinite impulse response lattice filter for improved damping over the fixed feedback controller alone. An adaptive finite impulse response LMS filter is also implemented for comparison of the ability for both algorithms to reject harmonic, narrow bandwidth and wide bandwidth disturbances. It is demonstrated that the lattice filter algorithm performs slightly better than the LMS filter algorithm in all three disturbance cases. The lattice filter also requires less than half the order of the LMS filter to get the same performance.
Master of Science

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18

Bentmar, Holgersson Sebastian. "Optimising IIR Filters Using ARM NEON." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20110.

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ARMs processorserie Cortex-A9 har stöd för SIMD-instruktioner med hjälp av NEON MPE. Detta innebär att processorn kan använda sig av vektor-instruktioner som kan utföra operationer på ett flertal element med varje instruktion. Målet med bruk av NEON MPE är att öka prestandan, men då man försöker optimera en speciell IIR-filtertyp som kallas för "biquads" kan man stöta på problem. Problemen med NEON-optimering av "biquads" beror på att endast fem operationer krävs för varje iteration och att behandling av IIR-filter kräver att man behandlar en sampel i taget eftersom varje behandlat sampels värde beror på tidigare behandlade samplar. Rapporten ger en kort beskrivning och genomgång av hur IIR-filter och NEON-optimering fungerar.För att analysera NEON-optimering av biquad-filter skapas fyra olika implementationer av en audioeffekt. De fyra implementationerna jämför prestandan hos flyttalsaritmetik, fixpunkts-aritmetik och NEON-optimering samt en version som implementerar både fixpunktsaritmetik och NEON-optimering. Problemen med optimering av biquad-filter med hjälp av NEON-instruktioner löses genom parallell behandling av ljudkanalerna. Eftersom kanalerna är självständiga kan man fördubbla prestanda genom att utföra varje operation på såväl höger- som vänsterkanal. Vidare prestandaförbättring ges även då effektiviteten hos minnesoperationer förbättras och med hjälp av fixpunkts-behandling.Resultaten visar att fixpunktsversionen som använder sig av NEON-instruktioner är snabbast, men flyttalsversionen med NEON-instruktioner är bara marginellt långsammare och dessutom enklare att implementera. Användandet av NEON-instruktioner förbättrar prestandan med mellan 1,7-2,8 gånger i de fall som testas.
The ARM Cortex-A9 CPU has a SIMD extension called NEON MPE. It allows for vector instructions that can perform operations on multiple elements in a single instruction. Whilst this usually improves performance, certain IIR filters called biquads pose problems as only five operations are necessary per sample and every iteration is dependent on the result of the previous result. A brief overview is given for IIR filters, the NEON extension and fixed-point processing.In order to analyse optimisation of biquad filters, an audio effect with four different implementations is produced, comparing results with/without fixed-point processing and with/without NEON optimisation. The problems introduced by the use of biquad filters are solved by running multiple channels in parallel. As the audio channels are independent, two samples can be calculated in parallel, which approximately doubles peformance. Further performance improvement is provided by improved memory operation efficiency and the use of fixed-point processing.The results show that the fixed-point NEON implementation is the fastest, however the floating-point NEON implementation is marginally slower but simpler to write. The use of NEON MPE improves performance by between 1.7 to 2.8 times in this case.

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McNally, Owen C. "VLSI systems for high performance IIR filter." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333291.

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Ferro, Humberto Fioravante. "Hybrid convex combinations for IIR system identification." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-04072016-103658/.

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The low complexity of IIR adaptive filters (AFs) is specially appealing to realtime applications but some drawbacks have been preventing their widespread use so far. For gradient based IIR AFs, adverse operational conditions cause convergence problems in system identification scenarios: underdamped and clustered poles, undermodelling or non-white input signals lead to error surfaces where the adaptation nearly stops on large plateaus or get stuck at sub-optimal local minima that can not be identified as such a priori. Furthermore, the non-stationarity in the input regressor brought by the filter recursivity and the approximations made by the update rules of the stochastic gradient algorithms constrain the learning step size to small values, causing slow convergence. In this work, we propose IIR performance enhancement strategies based on hybrid combinations of AFs that achieve higher convergence rates than ordinary IIR AFs while keeping the stability.
A baixa complexidade dos filtros adaptativos (FAs) IIR é atrativa para aplicações em tempo real, mas certos inconvenientes têm impedido sua ampla utilização até agora. Para os FAs baseados no gradiente descendente, condições operacionais adversas suscitam problemas de convergência em cenários de identificação de sistemas: pólos subamortecidos ou agrupados, submodelagem ou sinais correlacionados originam superfícies de erro onde a adaptação desacelera em grandes planícies ou para em mínimos locais sub-ótimos que não podem ser identificados como tais a priori. Além disso, a não-estacionaridade do regressor de entrada causada pela recursividade do filtro e as aproximações feitas pelas regras de atualização dos algoritmos de gradiente estocástico restringem o passo de aprendizado a valores pequenos, retardando a convergência. Neste trabalho, propomos estratégias de aprimoramento de desempenho baseadas em combinações híbridas e estáveis de FAs que alcançam taxas de convergências mais altas do que FAs IIR comuns.

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21

Hajji, Mohamed El. "Trichorzianines A VII et A IIIc, peptides antifongiques de Trichoderma harzianum." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066467.

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Maarschalk, Rebekah L. "Continuity and change : identity in LM IIIC to Hellenistic East Crete." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2394/.

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Archaeology is in the privileged position of being able to examine identities through the long time periods often called upon by advocates of essentialist identities, such as those working in the modern political sphere, using theory, methodology and evidence developed by scholars. The influence of the contemporary context within which archaeology is practised is clear in the types of identities, particularly ethnic and cultural identities, which have dominated research on this topic, including on Crete where much attention has focused on identities such as the 'Eteocretans'. I suggest that the archaeological and textual evidence from Crete offers considerable scope for exploring other types of group identity, both in themselves and in intersection with each other, and the ways in which these may have changed and/or continued to be salient through long periods of time. The theoretical and methodological basis of my study posits that one significant way in which group identities are negotiated and communicated is through social practices, and it is therefore possible to access at least some of the group identities that were salient in the past by examining the material and textual residues of past social practices. On this basis, evidence for social practices and the identities established and signified through these practices is examined for East Crete from Late Minoan IIIC to the Hellenistic period (c. 1200 – 67 BC). The results of my study highlight patterns of both continuity and change in group identities, including a move from relatively small community identities to large, formalised polis identities. Cutting across these were a number of other identities, including those associated with religious practices, and informal identities, many not easily visible in the available evidence, such as identities linked to social status, family, kin and lineage groups, gender, age, occupation and cultural/ethnic groupings such as the 'Eteocretans'.

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Ged, Cécile. "Les cytochromes p-450 iiia et iic chez l'homme : analyse in vivo du groupe iiia, analyse moleculaire du groupe iic." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066519.

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Deux membres de la superfamille genique des cytochromes p450, les formes iiia et iic, majoritaires chez l'homme, ont ete etudiees sous deux aspects, l'evaluation in vivo du groupe iiia et la caracterisation moleculaire du groupe iic. Le dosage de l'excretion urinaire de 6 hydroxycortisol est un test clinique simple et un marqueur specifique de l'induction des formes iiia comme l'ont montre les correlations entre l'excretion urinaire de ce mtabolite du cortisol endogene, le taux de p450 iiia et les activites enzymatiques cortisol 6 hydroxylase et erythromycine n-demethylase au cours de l'induction par la rifampicine. Les formes o450 iic sont impliquees dans le polymorphisme genetique de l'hydroxylation de la mephenytoine et du tolbutamide. La caracterisation moleculaire de ces formes a ete entreprise afin d'explorer ce defaut metabolique pour lequel aucune anomalie proteique majeure n'a ete identifiee. Deux groupes de sequences adnc ont ete isolees, iic8 et iic9-10, elles presentent 85% de similitude et sont exprimees independamment dans le foie adulte. Les proteines correspondantes ont ete identifiees mais l'expression des adnc dans la levure ne produit que l'activite tolbutamide hydroxylase. Deux groupes de sequences genomiques ont ete analysees dans leur partie 5 flanquante: le premier groupe correspond exactement a l'adn iic8 et dans le second groupe la sequence du 1#e#r exon porte des variations ponctuelles comparee a l'adnc iic9-10. Les regions 5 des deux types de genes ont l'organisation classique des genes p450 de la famille ii et presentent des motifs permettant l'induction par les glycocorticoides, dont le role sera explore

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Hall, M. C. "Adaptive IIR filter algorithms for real-time applications." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234800.

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Krukowski, Artur. "Flexible IIR digital filter design and multipath realisation." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322993.

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Mylona, Anastasia. "Structural studies on subunits t60/t91 of yeast transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10104.

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TFIIIC est un facteur de transcription de classe III qui se lie spécifiquement et de façon stable sur les boîtes A et B des promoteurs des gènes de l'ARNt. TFIIIC est composé de 6 sous-unités : t138, t131, t95, t91, t60 et t55. Ce travail présente la structure du complexe entre t60 et la partie C-terminale de t91 (∆t9l) qui a été résolue à 3. 2 Å. La structure comporte trois régions : a) ∆t91 qui est un β-propeller ; b) une partie N-terminale de t60 qui est aussi un p-propeller et qui se trouve entre ∆t91 ; et c) le domaine C-terminal de t60, qui a un nouveau rempliement. L'interaction entre ∆t91 et t60 est formée par les deux β-propellers et la partie C-terminale de t60 est complètement indépendante. Cette nouvelle interaction β-propeller - β-propeller apparaît importante pour l'assemblage d'un complexe tB stable, capable de se fixer à l'ADN. Nos résultats donnent des informations sur le mécanisme d'assemblage du complexe tB et sa liaison à l'ADN
TFIIIC is a DNA binding complex that serves as an assembly factor in class III genes. It is a multisubunit protein of about 600 kDa organized in two large domains, tA and tB, of similar size and mass. TFIIIC consists of six polypeptides t138, t131, t95, t91, t60 and t55. T138, t91 and t60 make up the tB subcomplex and t131, t95 and t55 belong to the tA subassembly. This work presents the X-ray crystal structure of yeast t60 complexed with the C-terminal part of t91 at 3. 2 Å resolution. T60 consists of a N-terminal β-propeller domain and a C-terminal domain that is an overall new fold and very likely is the part that links tA with tB and contacts the TBP. ∆t91 is also a β-propeller. The interacting region between the two proteins involves residues in the two β-propellers, whereas the C-terminal domain of t60 does not contribute at all to the interaction. This novel β-propeller β-propeller interaction appears to be of great importance for the formation of a very stable tB cornplex able to bind with high affinity and stability to the B box. Our results provide a starting point for further structural and functional studies aimed at elucidating the mechanism of preinitiation complex formation in the RNA po]ymerase III transcription machinery

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Guttman, Michael. "Sampled-data IIR filtering via time-mode signal processing." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86770.

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In this work, the design of sampled-data infinite impulse response filters based on time-mode signal processing circuits is presented. Time-mode signal processing (TMSP), defined as the processing of sampled analog information using time-difference variables, has become one of the more popular emerging technologies in circuit design. As TMSP is still relatively new, there is still much development needed to extend the technology into a general signal-processing tool. In this work, a set of general building block will be introduced that perform the most basic mathematical operations in the time-mode. By arranging these basic structures, higher-order time-mode systems, specifically, time-mode filters, will be realized. Three second-order time-mode filters (low-pass, band-reject, high-pass) are modeled using MATLAB, and simulated in Spectre to verify the design methodology. Finally, a damped integrator and a second-order low-pass time-mode IIR filter are both implemented using discrete components.
Dans ce mémoire, la conception de filtres de données-échantillonnées ayant une réponse impulsionnelle infinie basée sur le traitement de signal en mode temporel est présentée. Le traitement de signal dans le domaine temporel (TSDT), définie comme étant le traitement d'information analogique échantillonnée en utilisant des différences de temps comme variables, est devenu une des techniques émergentes de conception de circuits des plus populaires. Puisque le TSDT est toujours relativement récent, il y a encore beaucoup de développements requis pour étendre cette technologie comme un outil de traitement de signal général. Dans cette recherche, un ensemble de blocs d'assemblage capable de réaliser la plupart des opérations mathématiques dans le domaine temporel sera introduit. En arrangeant ces structures élémentaires, des systèmes en mode temporel d'ordre élevé, plus spécifiquement des filtres en mode temporel, seront réalisés. Trois filtres de deuxième ordre dans le domaine temporel (passe-bas, passe-bande et passe-haut) sont modélisés sur MATLAB et simulé sur Spectre afin de vérifier la méthodologie de conception. Finalement, un intégrateur amorti et un filtre passe-bas IIR de deuxième ordre en mode temporel sont implémentés avec des composantes discrètes.

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Filho, Thomas Edson Filgueiras. "Sobre a velocidade de convergência da filtragem adaptativa IIR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-09022009-181757/.

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Filtros adaptativos com resposta ao impulso infinita (IIR) podem substituir com vantagens aqueles com respostas ao impulso finitas (FIR). Entre estas vantagens está o seu reduzido número de parâmetros que leva a uma menor complexidade computacional na obtenção de respostas similares. Porém, a utilização de filtros adaptativos IIR apresenta alguns problemas práticos, sendo o mais destacado sua convergência lenta. Este problema aparece principalmente quando algoritmos baseados no gradiente são utilizados para a adaptação dos coeficientes do filtro. A abordagem baseada na teoria de realização balanceada de sistemas, previamente utilizada para se analizar filtros com entrada branca, se mostrou uma ferramenta útil para entender o que faz com que um filtro convirja lentamente. Este método já foi aplicado com sucesso na análise de filtros adaptativos IIR com entrada branca nas configurações de identificação e de identificação inversa. Neste trabalho aplicaremos este mesmo método para o caso de entrada não branca. Será mostrado que a configuração de identificação inversa é um caso particular da configuração de identificação com entrada não-branca, podendo ambas serem tratadas conjuntamente. Também será mostrado que o sistema que controla as propriedades de convergência não é mais o sistema desconhecido que se está tentando identificar, e sim um sistema relacionado a este e a densidade espectral da entrada. No caso de entrada branca, esta análise levou ao algoritmo de aproximações sucessivas, o qual, utilizando um bloco auxiliar, tenta fazer com que o filtro adaptativo enxergue um um sistema de rápida convergência. Será apresentada uma generalização deste algoritmo para o caso de entrada não-branca, inclusive serão apontadas limitações do mesmo quanto a valores dos passos de adaptação. Simulações numéricas serão usadas para ilustrar todos os resultados obtidos.
Adaptive filters with infinite impulse response (IIR) can replace with advantages the ones with finite impulse response (FIR). One of these advantages is the reduced number of parameters which leads to a smaller computational complexity giving similar responses. However, the use of adaptive IIR filters has some pratical issue, being the most prominent its slow convergence. This issue is mainly seem when gradient descent algorithms are applied to adptate the filters coefficients. The approach bassed on the balanced realization of systems, previously used to analyze the convergence speed of adaptive IIR filter with white input, has seemed to be a useful tool in understanding what causes the slow convergence in a filter. This approach was sucessful aplliedto the analyzes of the identification and inverse identification configurations. In this work we will aplly this same approach to the non-white input case. It will be shown that the invese identification configuration is a special case of the identification configuration with non-white input, so both can be addressed together. It will also be shown that the convergence properties are no more set by the caracteristics of the unknown system, but by the caracteristics of a system related to it and the input spectral density function. In the white input case, the results of this analysis were used to propose the sucessive approximations algorithm, which uses an auxiliary block trying to make the adaptive filter sees a system with faster convergence. A more general form of this algorithm that includes the non-white input case will be presented, and some drawbacks regarding the adptation stepsize will be pointed out. Numerical simulations will be used to illustrate all the obtained results.

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Lübke, Torben. "Congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG)-IIc eine retrovirale Expressionsklonierung identifiziert das CDG-IIc-Syndrom (Leukozyten-Adhäsionsdefekt II) als eine GDP-Fukose-Transporter-Defizienz /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962793728.

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Mishra, Ravi Shankar. "Amylases From A Thermophilic Fungus Thermomyces Lanuginosus Iisc 91 :Their Purification And Properties." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/90.

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A knowledge of molecular properties and structure of heat-stable enzymes is important for the understanding of basic principles governing thermo stability of proteins and evolution of life at high temperatures. Information on functional characteristics of thermo stable enzymes is necessary also for improving existing biotechnologies and developing new ones. Because of these reasons enzymes from thermophilic organisms are being exploited. In this context, amylolytic enzymes represent a useful choice for investigation from both basic and applied points of view. a-Amylase and glucoamylase hydrolyse starch into oligosaccharides and glucose, respectively. In the present study a thermophilic fungus, Thermomyces lanuginosus, was selected as a source of thermostable starch-degrading enzymes. The main objectives of this research were to understand the physicochemical properties, mechanism of starch utilization by T. lanuginosus and effect of heat, on amylo1ytic enzymes. Purification of amylolytic enzymes A strain of T, lanuginosus, IlSc 91, isolated from a manure heap in our laboratory was found to produce higher levels of extra cellular amylolytic enzymes than strains obtained from culture collection in U.S.A, and Europe. This strain produced 4 units of glucoamylase and 40 units of a-amylase per ml of culture filtrate when grown on 2% starch at 50 C. Culture filtrate was used as the starting material for purification of these enzymes. Glucoamylase and a-amylase were purified by ultrafiltration and a combination of ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography 93- and 112-fold with 30 and 41% recovery, respectively; Homogeneity of purified enzymes was established by the criteria of native- PAGE, SDS-PAGE, gel-filtration on HPLC and N-terminal amino acid analysis. Some of the physicochernical properties of these enzymes were studied. Physicochemical characteristics Glucoernylase is a monomeric glycoprotien (carbohydrate content 11 %, w/w) and has a molecular weight, of 45 kDa. It produces only glucose from starch. Km and Vmax, for soluble potato starch are 0.04 mg ml-1 and 666 p mole glucose min-1 mg protein-1, respectively. The enzyme is optimally active at 70 C at pH 6.0. Its activation energy is 14.0 kCal mole-1. It has melting temperature of 73 C. Molar extinction coefficient of glucoamylase is 5.5 x 104 mole-1 cm-l. It is stable at 60°C for > 7h. The enzyme is rich in alanine, serine and aspartate/ asparagine. Glucoamylase contains alanine as the N-terminal amino acid. It does not contain cysteine. Purified a-amylase is a homodimeric protein of 40 kDa and contains 5% (w/w) carbohydrate. It liberates oligosaccharides from starch with maltose being the principle product of hydrolysis. The Km for soluble starch is 2.5 mg ml-1. A high Vmax, of 8000 mg starch min-1 mg protein-1 was found. The enzyme is optimally active at 65°C at pH 5.6. The activation energy is 10.9 kCal mole-1. At 50DC, which is the optimal temperature of growth of T. lanuginosus, purified a-amylase is completely stable for over 6 h. Ca2+ increases the melting temperature of a-amylase from 66°C to 73°C. a-Amylase requires Ca2+ for its activity and structural stabi1it.y The molar extinction coefficient of the enzyme is 4.7 x 10' mole-1 cm-1 a- Amylase is rich in aspartate / asparagine, glutamatme /glutamine, alanine, glycine and leucine. It does not contain cysteine. a- Amylase contains alanine as the N-t.ermina1 amino acid. Hydrolysis of starch by a-amylase and glucoamylase Experiments were done to understand the role of a-amylase and glucoamylase in the utilization of starch by T. lanuginosus. Crude and purified amylase preparations hydrolyse raw potato starch slightly more efficiently than soluble potato starch. The extent of starch hydrolysis by a mixture of a-amylase and glucoamylase is equal to that by culture filtrate containing the same amount of enzyme activities, Electrophoresis of crude culture filtrate proteins on native-PAGE and activity staining on gel showed the presence of one species each of a-amylase and glucoamylase. This suggests that in T. lanuginosus hydrolysis of starch is mediated by one species each of extracellular a-amylase and glucoamylase. The hydrolysis of starch by a mixture of a-amylase and glucoamylase is equal to the arithmetic sum of hydrolysis by individual enzyme showing that the enzymes do not act synergistically. a-Amylase is the main starch depolymerizing enzyme. Conversion of starch into glucose by glucoamylase does not require the presence of a-amylase. Starch is hydralysed to a maximum of 72 and 97% by glucoamylase and a-amylase, respectively. Effect of heat on a-amylase The effect, of heat, on a-amylase and glucoamylase was studied with the view to obtain information on the thermal inactivation of these proteins. Five-min heat treatment of the native a-amylase (40 kDa) results in the specific conversion of all protein molecules into partially active (approximately 50% residual activity) and SDS-undissociable dimer of 45 kDa. a-Amylase (45 kDa) after 5-min heat treatment. is partially active and can he rendered completely active by incubation at 37°C for 3 h. This altered form of a-amylase is not due to the formation of disulfide linkage in protein because the enzyme does not contain cysteine and b mercaptoethanol does not prevent heat-induced structural change. Heat, treatment, for 20 min or more results in further structural changes which result in the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. Prolonged heating (>40 min) probably causes the degradation of protein. Reactivation of 20-min heat-inactivated a-amylase occurs specifically at 37°C or 50°C within 3 h but not at lower temperatures (0°C or 4°C). Native-PAGE analysis of the native and 20-min heated-reactivated a-amylase shows that the reactivated sample is comprised of two protein species of different charge and/or mass. Activity staining shows that only one of these protein band is active and it has electrophoretic mobility identical to that of the native enzyme. Native and the active fraction of 20-min heated-reactivated a-amylase possess similar specific activity. This suggests that it is cat8alytmically and perhaps structurally similar to the native enzyme. The native and the reactivated a-amylase are resist ant to trypsin digestion. However, heat- inactivated a-amylase is degraded into low molecular weight, peptides. These observation suggest that heat-inactivated a-amylase is partially unfolded, Unlike the native, the heat-treated (94"C, 5 min) a-amylase can not be stained with AgN03 while both forms can be stained with Coomassie brilliant blue R and by Schiff's base. On the basis of these observations a tentative model was proposed for the effect of heat on a-amylase (Fig.) Staining by + + Staining by AgNO3, + + Staining by Schiff 's base + + Sensitivity to trypsin + + Figure : Schematic represent ation of heat-induced changes in a-amylase

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Male, Gary [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "Insights into the Architecture of Transcription Factor IIIC / Gary Male ; Betreuer: Christoph Müller." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1180033000/34.

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Burt, Phillip Mark Seymour. "Um estudo sobre filtros IIR adaptativos com aplicação a uma estrutura polifásica." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-14122017-134500/.

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Neste trabalho faz-se um estudo sobre filtros IIR adaptativos e é apresentada uma estrutura polifásica para filtragem IIR adaptativa, que, em troca de um aumento de complexidade computacional, pode apresentar características mais favoráveis do que a estrutura direta comumente usada. O aumento da complexidade computacional, relativamente a um algoritmo do tipo newton, por exemplo, é pequeno. Apresenta-se uma análise dos efeitos da proximidade ao círculo unitário dos pólos do sistema sendo modelado. Um dos efeitos considerados é o comportamento limite do condicionamento da matriz de estados associada ao algoritmo de adaptação. São considerados algoritmos de adaptação de passo constante de uso comum para filtros IIR adaptativos. O método utilizado é particularmente útil para a verificação do efeito da posição dos pólos do sistema sendo modelado e também para a introdução de certas restrições ao mesmo, como, por exemplo, norma L2 fixa e resposta em freqüência passa-tudo. Um resultado interessante é que a única situação, entre as testadas, em que o condicionamento da matriz mencionada não tende a infinito quando um número qualquer de polosndo sistema sendo modelado H(z) se aproxima da circunferência unitária, é quando H(z) é passa-tudo e emprega-se o algoritmo PLR. São analisadas também a superfície de erro e a superfície de erro reduzida para filtros IIR adaptativos. Mostra-se que, quando o sistema sendo modelado possui polos próximos à circunferência unitária, a superfície de erro reduzida apresenta regiões planas com erro quadrático médio elevado. A existência destas regiões resulta em uma baixa velocidade de convergência global de algoritmos de passo constante. A partir da decomposição em valores singulares (SVD) da forma de Hankel do sistema sendo modelado, é apresentada também uma decomposição da superfície de erro reduzida, a partir da qual pode-se obter uma separaçãoparcial dos efeitos do sistema sendo modelado e da forma de realização do filtro adaptativo. Uma estrutura polifásica para filtragem IIR adaptativa é apresentada e seu desempenho é comparado com o de filtros IIR adaptativos na forma direta. Mostra-se o possível ganho da estrutura polifásica quanto à velocidade de convergência local e quanto às características da superfície de erro reduzida e à velocidade de convergência global. Demonstra-se, para a estrutura polifásica, que, com entrada branca e modelamento suficiente, todos os pontos estacionários da superfície de erro são mínimos globais da mesma. Este resultado não decorre diretamente de propriedades análogas relativas à estrutura direta, já conhecidas. Tudo para a estrutura direta quanto para a estrutura polifásica, são apresentados os resultados de várias simulações dos algoritmos de adaptação considerados.
A study on IRR adaptive filters and polyphase structure for IIR adaptive filtering are presented. In exchange for an increase in computational complexity, which is small if compared to Newton algorithms, the polyphaser structure may exhibit a better performance than direct structures. An analysis of the effects of the proximity to the unit circle of the modelled system\'s poles is presented. One of the considered points is the limiting behavior of the condition of the state matrix related to the adaptive algorithm. Commonly used constant gain algorithms are considered. The method of analysis is specially usefull for verifying the effects of the position of the system\'s poles and also for introducing certain restrictions to the system, as fixed L2 norm and all-pass frequency response. An interesting result is that, among the situations that were tested, the only one in which the condition of the aforementioned matrix does not tend to infinity as the poles of the modelled system H(z) tend to the unit circle is when H)z) is all-pass and the PLR algorithm is employed. The error surface and the reduced error surface for IIR adaptive filters are also analyzed. It is shown that the modelled system has poles close to the unit circle the reduced error surface presents flat regions with high mean square error. The presence of these flat regions results in low global convergence speed for constant gain adaptive algorithms. Based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the modelled system\'s Hankel form, a decomposition of the reduced error surface is also presented. In it there exists a partial separation of the effects of the system and the adaptive filter\'s structure. A polyphaser structure for IIR adaptive filtering is presented and its performance is compared to the performance of the direct structure. The gain in local convergence and global convergencespeed, as well as the better behavior of the reduced error surface which may be attained , are shown. It is demonstrated, for the polyphaser structure, that, with while input and sufficient modelling, all the stationary points of the error surface are global minima. This result does not follow directly from similar well known results for the direct structure. Simulation results for the considered algorithms are also presented.

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Antonakoudi, Anixi. "Interpolation techniques for unsupervised deconvolution of FIR and IIR systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271616.

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Williams, Sierra S. "Investigation of roundoff noise in IIR digital filters using MATLAB." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1249065585/.

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Marcelino, Márcio Abud. "Identificação de sistemas variantes no tempo com filtragem adaptativa IIR." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1994. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1723.

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Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma estrutura e o respectivo algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa para identificação de sistemas variantes no tempo, usando modelamento com resposta infinita ao impulso. Esta estrutura tem as características de não polarizar a estimativa na presença de ruído aditivo branco e possuir uma função de erro de estimação linear em relação aos coeficientes estimados, gerando o algoritmo do USARF - "Unbiased Single Adaptive Regressive Filter". Apresenta-se também um estudo das principais técnicas de filtragem adaptativa IIR cujos algoritmos mantem-se ativos e com cargas computacionais reduzidas. Analisa-se as características de estabilidade e convergências e apresenta-se os principais testes de estabilidade. Algumas conclusões são obtidas por simulações e os resultados relevantes são apresentados. Entre eles, destacam-se, o desempenho da estrutura para diferentes ordens do filtro em relação a ordem da planta, e a superioridade em relação aos demais algoritmos de filtragem adaptativa IIR, principalmente em relação as condições iniciais e a velocidade de convergência. Aproximações desta estrutura são apresentadas, objetivando aplicações especificas. E ressaltado que aproximações podem gerar não linearidade, aumentando a dependência das condições iniciais e reduzindo a velocidade de convergência.

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Oliveira, Daniel Rossato de. "Projeto de filtros digitais IIR com técnicas de computação evolucionária." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/211.

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O projeto de filtros digitais do tipo IIR é um problema clássico da engenharia. Filtros digitais possuem diversas aplicações, e muitas variantes de comportamento. Existem vários métodos especialistas consagrados na literatura, cada um com suas peculiaridades e adequações a diferentes casos. Porém, a maior parte destes métodos não é flexível, impedindo a especificação de todos os parâmetros importantes de um filtro, pois alguns desses são um sub-produto do processo de cálculo. Por isso, este problema também é atacado na literatura através de técnicas de computação evolucionária. Diversos estudos foram encontrados com esta abordagem, mas em quase todos, o enfoque era dado no algoritmo evolucionário em vez de no filtro, utilizando este apenas como uma função de \emph{benchmark}. Além disso, a estabilidade do filtro - condição imprescindível para a utilização do mesmo - é desprezada em quase todos os trabalhos. Portanto, este trabalho propõe uma função de \emph{fitness} e uma nova codificação para este problema, de forma a possibilitar a obtenção de bons filtros, dentro das especificações, com algoritmos de Computação Evolucionária na forma canônica, isto é, sem modificações estruturais. A função de \emph{fitness} proposta busca corrigir distorções causadas pela função tradicional, que não leva em conta a obediência às especificações do filtro. A codificação mapeia o espaço de busca apenas para as soluções estáveis, sem excluir nenhuma solução válida nesta transformação. Além disso, um pós-processamento permite equalizar a resposta em fase do filtro, isto é, tornar o atraso de fase na banda de passagem linear, condição necessária para a utilização em diversos sistemas, especialmente os de telecomunicações. O desempenho das modificações é comparado com as abordagens clássicas utilizadas na literatura, e o conjunto escolhido como o mais eficiente é utilizado para comparar os dois algoritmos mais utilizados em Computação Evolucionária, o PSO e o AG. Após esse passo, experimentos extensivos de ajuste de parâmetros foram realizados, para que a versão final fosse comparada com o método especialista mais poderoso, que é o cálculo de filtros elípticos. Os resultados mostraram que o conjunto de modificações proposto fez com que excelentes filtros fossem obtidos, com uma taxa de obediência às especificações muito superior à obtida sem o mesmo. Comparando com o método especialista, o desempenho foi semelhante, com pontos a favor e contra cada um, mostrando que o projeto de filtros IIR através de Computação Evolucionária pode ser utilizado em sistemas reais. Em trabalhos futuros poderão ser estudadas novas modificações na funçao de \emph{fitness}, além do desempenho obtido com outros algoritmos evolucionários. A utilização em sistemas \emph{online} é uma aplicação promissora, e o comportamento deste método com especificações não-estacionárias, oriundas de informações de estimação de canal também deve ser investigado.
IIR digital filter design is classic problem in Electrical Engineering. Digital filter have many applications, and dozens of different behaviors. There are many specialist methods in literature, each with specific differences and characteristics. But most of these methods are not flexible, preventing one from fixing all parameters, because some of them are a sub-product of the calculation process. Therefore, this problem is also solved in literature with Evolutionary Computing techniques. Several works were found with this approach, but in almost all, the focus was in the evolutionary algorithm rather than on the filter problem, using this only as a benchmark function. Moreover, the filter stability - prerequisite for the filter application - is neglected in almost all of them. So, this work proposes a new fitness function, as well as a new codification, in order to obtain good filters, obedient to the specifications, with Evolutionary Computing algorithms in the canonic form, this is, without structural modifications. The proposed fitness function tries to correct distortions caused by the traditional one, which does not takes into account the filter gain specifications. The new coding maps the search space only to the stable solutions, not excluding any valid solution in the transformation. Moreover, a post-processing allows the filter phase equalization, this is, to make the pass band phase delay linear. This property is necessary in many types of applications, specially the telecommunication ones. The modifications performance is compared to the classic approaches found in the literature, and the most efficient set is use to compare the two most used Evolutionary Computing algorithms, GA and PSO. After this, extensive parameter tuning experiments were made, producing a final version of the method to compare with the specialist one. The chosen specialist method was the Elliptic filter, because the filter response has similarities with the one found by the proposed algorithm, and also because it is the most powerful one. Results showed excellent filters found with the proposed modifications, with a specification obedience rate well above the ones obtained with the classical approaches. Comparing with the specialist method, a similar performance was achieved, showing that IIR filter design with Evolutionary Computing can be used in real systems. Future work will address new modifications in the fitness function, and the performance of different EC algorithms in this problem. The application in online systems is promising, so the behavior of this approach with non-stationary specifications coming from channel estimation techniques should also be investigated.

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Peterson, Sarah Elizabeth. "Late Helladic IIIC Pottery at Mycenae: Production Trends after the Collapse of Palatial Administration." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/442089.

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Art History
Ph.D.
This dissertation examines trends in the production of pottery at Mycenae in the Late Helladic (LH) IIIC period (ca. 1200–1125 B.C.E) through the analysis of published ceramic material from the site. It includes my own study of select unpublished material from recent excavations on the Citadel (Building Kappa) and in the Lower Town. The LH IIIC period, considered the beginning of the Dark Ages in Greece, immediately followed the end of the Mycenaean palatial system, a phenomenon referred to as the Collapse. The Collapse is characterized by the complete destruction of many sites, possible loss of population, and a decrease in the number of occupied areas, and the subsequent LH IIIC period is associated with socioeconomic, demographic, and artistic decline. There are, however, notable indications of continued activity at many Greek mainland sites, a notable sign being the proliferation of elaborate vase painting. Through an examination of how certain pottery shapes and decorative styles were manufactured and utilized at LH IIIC Mycenae, key trends and developments can be discerned, and the changing preferences of the market for which these objects were produced can be understood. I conclude that these developments can be characterized as intentional responses of potters to the crisis that followed the demise of the palatial administration. Potters in LH IIIC were able to create and exploit a sustainable market, one that both reflected and influenced shifting political and social realities of communities now operating outside of a palace-dominated system; their advances would influence pottery production in Greece for centuries to come.
Temple University--Theses

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Ameri, Ali. "Time-mode reconstruction IIR filters for sigma-delta phase modulation applications." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104809.

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The design of several low-pass IIR time-mode filters for use as reconstruction filters in digital-to-time conversion (DTC) applications is proposed. Previously, such reconstruction filters were implemented using phase-locked loops. The proposed filters are constructed from a simple digital-like structure involving voltage-controlled delay units. The resulting circuits require very small silicon area and consume very little power. A first-order filter design for wideband reconstruction applications was fabricated in a 0.13 um CMOS process occupying a silicon area of 170 um x 100 um and consumes 670 uW. The results prove for the first time that the concept of time-mode filtering is feasible in a CMOS monolithic process. Another design, intended for narrowband sigma-delta phase signal generation applications, is proposed that utilizes similar building blocks but uses a filter topology that is better suited for implementations with transfer functions having low-frequency poles. High-order realizations can be constructed as a cascade of several first-order sections. Such an approach will be demonstrated in the design of a sigma-delta phase-encoding signal-generation scheme.
Dans cette dissertation nous proposons plusieurs filtres IIF passe-bas qui opèrent en mode temps. Ces dispositifs sont conçus pour être utilisé comme filtres de reconstruction dans les convertisseurs numérique-temps (CNT). Dans le passé, de tels filtres ont été implémenté à partir de boucles à verrouillage de phase. Les filtres proposés dans cette thèse sont construits à partir d'une simple structure numérique impliquant des unités de retards commandés en tension. Les circuits résultant de cette approche requièrent de petites surfaces sur silicium et consomment très peu d'énergie. Un filtre du premier ordre pour les applications larges bandes a été fabriqué dans un processus CMOS 0.13 um. Le filtre occupe une surface de silicium de 170 um x 100 um et consomme 670 uW. Les résultats montrent pour la première fois que la notion de filtrage en mode temps est possible dans un processus CMOS monolithique. Un autre filtre destiné à des applications de génération de signal de phase sigma-delta à bande étroite est aussi proposé. Ce filtre utilise des blocs de construction similaire au premier mais utilise une topologie qui est mieux adapté pour les implémentations de fonctions de transfert ayant des pôles à forte valeur de Q. Les filtre d'ordre supérieur peuvent être construits en cascadant plusieurs filtres du premier ordre. Une telle approche sera démontrée par la conception d'un système de génération de signaux de phase codes en sigma-delta.

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Sezen, Umut. "Anticausal inverses for IIR filter banks, quincunx wavelets and image coding." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397219.

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Nicolson, Laurence John. "The design of IIR digital filters to magnitude and delay specifications." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320608.

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Craney, Edward Peter. "Adaptive IIR filtering for acoustic echo cancellation on a mobile handset." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402220.

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Ma, Qiang. "The application of genetic algorithms to the adaptation of IIR filters." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32269.

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The adaptation of an IIR filter is a very difficult problem due to its non-quadratic performance surface and potential instability. Conventional adaptive IIR algorithms suffer from potential instability problems and a high cost for stability monitoring. Therefore, there is much interest in adaptive IIR filters based on alternative algorithms. Genetic algorithms are a family of search algorithms based on natural selection and genetics. They have been successfully used in many different areas. Genetic algorithms applied to the adaptation of IIR filtering problems are studied in this thesis, and show that the genetic algorithm approach has a number of advantages over conventional gradient algorithms, particularly, for the adaptation of high order adaptive IIR filters, IIR filters with poles close to the unit circle and IIR filters with multi-modal error surfaces. The conventional gradient algorithms have difficulty solving these problems. Coefficient results are presented for various orders of IIR filters in this thesis. In the computer simulations presented in this thesis, the direct, cascade, parallel and lattice form IIR filter structures have been used and compared. The lattice form IIR filter structure shows its superiority over the cascade and parallel form IIR filter structures in terms of its mean square error convergence performance.

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Hajji, Mohamed El. "Trichorzianines à VII et à IIIC, peptides antifongiques de Trichoderma harzianum, isolement, structure, activité membranaire." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598224j.

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Prent, Mieke. "Cretan sanctuaries and cults : continuity and change from Late Minoan IIIC to the Archaic period /." Leiden : Brill, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400092842.

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Mermoz, Julien. "La vie religieuse des Cyclades de l’HR IIIC à la fin de la période archaïque." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20023/document.

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Notre thèse traite de l’histoire des sanctuaires et de l’évolution des cultes et de la mythologie cycladiques dans la transition, qui conduit de la fin du monde mycénien à la Grèce classique. Notre première partie (pp. 13-445) est constituée d’une suite de monographies retraçant les changements, qui affectent les habitats et les places cultuelles des différentes îles de l’archipel entre le XIIe et le VIe siècle av. J.-C.. La deuxième partie (pp. 446-558) contient un essai de synthèse et une interprétation des données présentées auparavant. Plus exactement, une réflexion sur les mécanismes de recomposition de l’héritage religieux de l’âge du bronze, qui participent à la définition des panthéons insulaires archaïques. La troisième partie (pp. 559-628) est un essai d’anthropologie religieuse, dans lequel est examinée la notion de création dans la mythologie des Cyclades, à la recherche d’un imaginaire insulaire. Le premier chapitre commence par l’analyse et l’interprétation de la Cosmogonie de Phérécyde de Syros. Le second chapitre vise à mettre en évidence de quelle façon les thèmes symboliques spécifiques au système de Phérécyde se retrouvent également déclinés dans les autres mythes régionaux et trouvent leur origines dans les cultes agraires locaux les plus anciens
The topic of our thesis is the history of the sanctuaries, and the evolution of the worships and mythology in the transition, which leads end of the Mycenaean world to classical Greece. Our first part (pp. 13-445) makes up of a continuation of monographs recalling the changes, which affect the settlements and the worship places of the various islands of the archipelago between XIIe to VIe Century B.C. The second part (pp. 446-558) contains a test of synthesis and an interpretation of the data presented before. More exactly, a reflection on the mechanisms of recombining of the religious heritage of the Bronze Age, which take part in the definition of archaic insulars pantheons. The third part (pp. 559-628) is an assai of religious anthropology, in which the concept of creation in the mythology of Cyclades is examined, in the search of an islander imaginary. The first chapter starts with the analysis and the interpretation of the Cosmogony of Pherekydes of Syros. The second chapter aims at highlighting how the topics symbolic systems specific to the system of Pherekydes are also found declined in the other regional myths and find their origin in the local agrarian worships oldest

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Sun, Hanwu. "Adaptive techniques for multiband parameter estimation and extraction." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296126.

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Kaake, Fadi M. "A VLSI-nMOS hardware implementation of an IIR bandpass orthogonal digital filter." Ohio : Ohio University, 1986. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183133214.

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Yin, Shishu, and 殷仕淑. "New design and factorization methods for perfect reconstruction causalstable IIR filter banks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38674592.

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Santos, Miguel Ângelo Gonçalves Ferreira dos. "Relatório Integrado: um fator de aumento de performance na informação empresarial." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/20915.

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O relatório integrado consiste em uma abordagem inovadora dos relatórios empresariais tendo como objetivo integrar significativamente a informação financeira e não financeira e demonstrar como ambas estão interligadas. Ao fazê-lo, espera-se que o relatório integrado conduza ao pensamento integrado e à melhoria na tomada de decisão, refletindo-se sobre como a organização impacta e é afetada pelo contexto económico, social e ambiental na qual opera. Central a isto está a proposição que o aumento do valor é moldado pelos fatores relacionados com a performance financeira, como por exemplo depender do ambiente, social, reputação, capital humano, capacidade e outros. Este conceito de criação de valor é o pilar do relatório integrado e acredita-se que este novo relatório é a direção correta para o futuro dos relatórios empresariais. Adicionalmente ao capital financeiro, o relatório integrado explora cinco capitais que devem guiar a tomada decisão de uma organização e o sucesso a longo prazo – é a criação de valor no sentido mais puro. O relatório integrado beneficia um grande leque de stakeholders, principalmente os investidores de longo prazo. O relatório integrado parte da ideia que qualquer criação de valor que tenha resultado de uma estratégia sustentável – independentemente de se tornar um ativo tangível ou intangível – irá traduzir-se, pelo menos parcialmente, na performance da organização. Logo o valor de mercado irá ser afetado. O presente trabalho é de natureza exploratória e tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre o relatório integrado e o aumento da performance da informação empresarial. A análise realizada mostra que o relatório integrado é influenciado por diferentes fatores, como sejam, o volume de vendas, número de empregados e setor. Os resultados permitem concluir que o relatório integrado se traduz em um aumento da performance da informação empresarial.

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Vieira, Sofia Isabel Almeida. "Relatório de estágio GESAP II: Contabilidade e Gestão Lda. relato integrado." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/24243.

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Neste relatório são abordados três capítulos, primeiro a minha experiência no estágio curricular no âmbito do Mestrado em Contabilidade e Fiscalidade Empresarial, segundo o Relato Integrado e o terceiro a Plataforma XBRL. O Relato Integrado surgiu num ambiente de crise, e serviu para que as empresas iniciassem um processo de reflexão sobre a informação a dar aos seus stakeholders. A desconfiança dos mercados e dos investidores sobre a transparência e sustentabilidade das empresas exige avançar em modelos informativos que deem respostas a estas novas perguntas. A maior exigência dos stakeholders, quanto ao comportamento socialmente responsável da empresa, levou as empresas a privilegiar o desenvolvimento social, a proteção ambiental e a defesa dos direitos fundamentais. O IIRC e o GRI querem desafiar o pensamento atual e liderar uma aliança ampla que permita às empresas transmitir a sua história e a sua estratégia de criação de valor, e como resultado conseguir maximizar o investimento a longo prazo, para a estabilidade económica. O desenvolvimento e a implementação do Relatório Integrado são um desafio para todos os agentes económicos e sociais, mas há um grupo que é chamado a assumir uma maior importância, os contabilistas. O que o IIRC propõe é uma primeira aproximação a um modelo integrado de informação sobre a base tecnológica de XBRL na estrutura conceptual. E assim ter acesso aos Relatórios Integrados de cada empresa e poder compará-las nos mesmos sectores, portanto na pele do investidor saber qual é a melhor empresa de um determinado sector para investir.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'IIRC'

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