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AĞ, Alirıza. "BİST’TE İŞLEM GÖREN SİGORTA ŞİRKETLERİNİN VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ YÖNTEMİ İLE FİNANSAL PERFORMANSLARININ ANALİZİ." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 7, no. 5 (December 25, 2019): 2656–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i5.1330.
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Günümüzün değişen ekonomik koşulları ve küresel rekabet ortamının acımasız olması gibi nedenlerle işletmeler hayatta kalabilmek ve performanslarını artırabilmek için kaynaklarını en etkin şekilde kullanmak zorundadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı da, Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) yöntemi ile 2018 yılında Borsa İstanbul (BİST)’da işlem gören sigorta şirketlerinin etkinliklerini ölçmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, VZA yönteminin çıktı odaklı Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes (CCR) modeli ile 7 işletmenin etkinliği ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda sektörde faaliyet gösteren 5 işletme etkin bulunmuş ve etkin bulunan işletmeler arasında etkinlik sıralamasını belirlemek için Süper Etkinlik uygulaması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, etkin olmayan işletmelerin etkinlik düzeylerini artırabilmeleri için referans almaları gereken işletmeler belirlenerek girdi ve çıktı değişkenleri ile ilgili gerekli potansiyel iyileştirme oranları tespit edilmiştir.
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Luescher, Thierry M. "Frantz Fanon and the #MustFall Movements in South Africa." International Higher Education, no. 85 (March 14, 2016): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2016.85.9244.
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What started in early 2015 as a series of protests at the University of Cape Town against the statue of Cecil John Rhodes expanded by the end of the year into a nationwide student movement under the label #FeesMustFall. This article analyzes the development and characteristics of the movement as a networked student movement along with its ideological inspiration in the work of Frantz Fanon.
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Nadaf, S. K., S. A. AI-Khamisi, and A. H. AI-Lawati. "Productivity of Alfalfa, Rhodes Grass and Their Mixtures in Arid Conditions Under Sprinklers." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol9iss2pp23-29.
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The presently existing dominant perennial forages like Rhodes grass, alfalfa and their mixtures were investigated from January 1998 to August 1999 for their productivity as a part of ICARDA’s Arabian Peninsula Research Program (APRP) at Rumais in the Batinah Coast of the Sultanate of Oman. The results indicated that the Rhodes grass varieties produced significantly (P< 0.01) higher green (230.50 - 306.10 t/ha-1) and dry matter yields (52.39 - 67.48 t/ha-1) during the period. followed by the mixture treatments (green matter: 223.51 - 241.76 tfha" and dry matter: 49.02 - 53.11 t/ha-1) and alfalfa cultivars (green matter: 182.05 - 184.04 t/ha-1 and dry matter: 40.83-44.67 t/ha-1). Among the Rhodes grass varieties, Callide had a very high significant yield potential (P<0.05) in terms of both green and dry matter yields followed by Katambora and Topcut, a newly introduced variety. In alfalfa, both cultivars produced similar (P> 0.05) green matter (182.05 - 184.04 film") and dry matter (40.83 44.67 t/ha-1) yields. Among the mixtures, both green and dry matter yields of l: 2 mixture of Alfalfa and Rhodes grass were significantly higher than the other two mixture proportions i.e. 1:1 and 2:1 (P<0.05).
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Morrill, Haley J., Leonard A. Mermel, Rosa R. Baier, Nicole Alexander-Scott, David Dosa, Sara Kavoosifar, Rebecca Reece, and Kerry L. LaPlante. "Antimicrobial Stewardship in Rhode Island Long-Term Care Facilities: Current Standings and Future Opportunities." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, no. 8 (May 17, 2016): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.99.
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Our survey of antimicrobial stewardship practices among Rhode Island long-term care facilities demonstrated opportunities to develop formal programs. Results suggest infection preventionists are largely responsible for ensuring appropriate antibiotic use in long-term care facilities and there is a need for increased interdisciplinary access to individuals with antimicrobial stewardship expertise.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:979–982
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Bresson, Alain. "Rhodes, Cnide et les Lyciens au début du IIe siècle av. J.-C." Revue des Études Anciennes 100, no. 1 (1998): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rea.1998.4718.
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Demirsar Arlı, Belgin. "İznik Çini Fırınları Kazı Buluntularından Çini Örneklerin Değerlendirilmesi / Evaluation of Iznik Tiles Examples from Iznik Tile Excavation." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i1.1450.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Iznik Excavations, which deal with the historical and cultural heritage of Iznik collectively and in various aspects, are examined in two periods. First period excavations were started with the studies of Dr. Oktay Aslanapa’s Orhan İmaret and Bath. After two years studying in the Orhan Imaret, the researches were directed on tiles and ceramics that provided the original fame to Iznik. It was aimed to identify the production centers and techniques of the Ottoman ceramics and tiles, which were named according to the places where they were bought, and to open the kilns and workshops where they were produced. With the excavation and drilling activities carried out regularly, including 1969; with the deformation and burnt fragments, semi-finished fragments, baked goods, as well as furnace residues that have collapsed while being filled inside it is proved to scientific community that while the Ottoman ceramics which are tried to be defined with names such as Miletus ware, Golden Horn ware, Damascus ware, Rhodes ware, it was defined that the main and important production center of their is İznik,</p><p>Because of the team concentrated on Van Excavation, the researches were ended in İznik 1969, but the kiln ruins emerged during the road studies in 1980 conduced to restart of the studies with the name of II. Period and Iznik Tile Kilns Excavation in 1981. Since 1981, three years had been devoted to drilling in a very wide area in the empty spaces. In 1983, the regular excavations were started with the drilling activities executed in the eastern region of II. Murat Bath which was coded as BHD, also known as the Municipal Baths gives rich finds.</p><p>As a result of the excavation work concentrated on the specified area, many finds from the period in which production continued here between the conquest of the city in 1331 and the beginning of the 18th century were unearthed. Besides the confirmation of the data previously collected about Iznik tile and ceramic art, these finds contributed to obtaining new information in terms of technique/production, form, design and composition.</p><p>This studyaimstoin traduce the interesting tile finds uncovered in Iznik Excavations and to conduct and evaluation. We will concentrate on the similarities between the tiles unearthed in the excavations and the tiles used in the Ottoman Era buildings and the pieces we know from the collections.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>İznik’in tarihi ve kültürel mirasını toplu olarak ve çeşitli yönleriyle ele alan İznik Kazıları iki dönem halinde incelenir. I. Dönem çalışmaları Prof. Dr. Oktay Aslanapa’nın Orhan İmareti ve Hamamı Kazısı ile başlamıştır. İki sezon süren Orhan İmareti çalışmalarının ardından İznik’e asıl ününü sağlayan çini ve seramikle ilgili araştırmalara yönelinmiştir. Çalışmalarda genellikle satın alındıkları yerlere göre isimlendirilen Osmanlı seramik ve çinilerinin üretim merkezlerini ve tekniklerini tespit yanında, üretildikleri fırın ve atölyeleri de açığa çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. 1969 yılı da dâhil olmak üzere düzenli olarak sürdürülen kazı ve sondaj çalışmalarıyla; Milet işi, Haliç işi, Şam işi, Rodos işi gibi isimlerle tanımlanmaya çalışılan Osmanlı seramik ve çinilerinin asıl ve önemli üretim merkezinin İznik olduğu, deforme ve yanık parçalar, yarı mamul fragmanlar, pişirim malzemeleri yanında içi doluyken çökmüş durumda bulunan fırın kalıntılarıyla bilim çevrelerine kanıtlanmıştır. 1969 yılından itibaren ekibin Van Kazısına ağırlık vermesi nedeniyle İznik’te son verilen araştırmalara, 1980 yılındaki yol çalışmaları sırasında ortaya çıkan fırın kalıntısının değerlendirilmesinin ardından, 1981 yılından itibaren II. Dönem ve İznik Çini Fırınları Kazısı adı ile yeniden başlanmıştır. 1981 yılından itibaren üç yıl oldukça geniş bir ekiple boş alanlardaki sondajlara ağırlık verilmiştir. 1983 yılında, BHD olarak kodladığımız Belediye Hamamı olarak da bilinen II. Murat Hamamı’nın doğusundaki alanda yapılan sondajların zengin buluntu vermesiyle düzenli kazı çalışmalarına bu bölgede başlanmıştır.</p><p>Söz konusu alanda yoğunlaşan kazı çalışmalarımız sonucunda, kentin fethedildiği 1331 yılından burada üretimin sürdüğü XVIII. yüzyıl başlarına kadar uzayan sürede İznik’te Osmanlı çini ve seramik üretiminin bütün üslup dönemlerine ait çok sayıda buluntu ele geçirilmiştir. Bu buluntular, İznik çini ve seramik sanatına ilişkin önceden bilinen bilgilerin doğrulanmasının yanı sıra teknik/üretim, form, desen ve kompozisyon açısından yeni bilgilere ulaşmamızı sağlamıştır.</p><p>Bu çalışmada, İznik Kazılarında ele geçen çini buluntuların ilgi çekicilerinin tanıtılması ve değerlendirmelerinin yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. Kazı buluntusu çinilerin, Osmanlı Dönemi yapılarında kullanılan çiniler ve koleksiyonlardan tanınan parçalarla benzerlikleri üzerinde durulacaktır.</p>
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BRULLO, CRISTIAN, SALVATORE BRULLO, VINCENZO ILARDI, and GIANPIETRO GIUSSO DEL GALDO. "Kali dodecanesicum (Chenopodiaceae, Salsoloideae) a new species from Greece." Phytotaxa 218, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.218.1.4.
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Kali dodecanesicum, a new species from some islands (i.e. Rhodes, Kos and Nisyros) of the Dodecanese in the south-eastern Aegean (Greece), is described and illustrated. According to recent literature, Kali is treated as a distinct genus from the polyphyletic Salsola s.l., which includes several annual species. The new species is morphologically well separated from the other Kali taxa mainly for the shape of the fruiting perianth, showing closer relationships with Kali ponticum. Its ecological requirements, distribution, and conservation status are also examined, together with an analytic key of the Kali species occurring in the Mediterranean area.
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Steel, Robert P., Joan R. Rentsch, and James R. Van Scotter. "Timeframes and Absence Frameworks: A Test of Steers and Rhodes' (1978) Model of Attendance." Journal of Management 33, no. 2 (April 2007): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206306298656.
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Steers and Rhodes' (1978) model of employee attendance encompasses a variety of absence-predictor types (e.g., attitudes, personal factors, etc.). Recent conceptual frameworks suggest that the inconsistent findings on this model may be attributable, in part, to the use of absence timeframes that are incompatible with individual model components. Using data from 580 federal employees, a predictive analysis evaluated exogenous model predictors against absence criteria representing four different cumulation periods. Supplemental analysis explored the possibility of incremental endogenous-variable (i.e., Ability to Attend, Motivation to Attend) contributions. Results of both tests were consistent with a conclusion of partial model support.
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HENCKELL, KARSTEN. "IDEMPOTENT POINTLIKE SETS." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 14, no. 05n06 (October 2004): 703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196704002006.
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In this paper we answer a question posed by John Rhodes: "What are the aperiodic-idempotent-pointlike subsemigroups of S?" Answer: Precisely those aperiodic-pointlike subsemigroups that are idempotents, i.e. EPlA(S)={X|X≤E=E2∈PlA(S)}. In the proof we define, for a given variety V (closed under n-tuple expansion) and a given relation R:S-V∈V computing the V-pointlike subsets of S, an "improved" relation R(n):S-V(n) that computes the V-idempotent-pointlike subsemigroups of S. Consequently, for any W with decidable membership problem W ⓜ A is decidable.
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MOISSETTE, PIERRE, EFTERPI KOSKERIDOU, HARA DRINIA, and JEAN-JACQUES CORNÉE. "Facies associations in warm-temperate siliciclastic deposits: insights from early Pleistocene eastern Mediterranean (Rhodes, Greece)." Geological Magazine 153, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756815000230.
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AbstractDiverse, abundant and usually well-preserved communities of skeletal organisms occur in the lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) siliciclastic deposits of the Greek island of Rhodes. Benthic foraminifers, molluscs and bryozoans have been studied in four measured and sampled sections located in the northern part of the island. Among these bottom-dwelling organisms, numerous extant taxa are good environmental indicators and, combined with field observations and sedimentological data, they provide information on the probable conditions in which they developed. The siliciclastic deposits of the Kritika Formation have been divided into 14 different bio- and lithofacies, which have been further grouped into four facies associations corresponding to four different environmental settings: (1) continental to fluviatile; (2) brackish-water (lagoonal/deltaic); (3) infralittoral (0–20 m); and (4) upper circalittoral (depths of 20–40 m, but also down toc.50–60 m). Among the marine facies associations, several characteristic biocoenoses have been recognized: soft-bottoms (fine to coarse sands and gravels); seagrass meadows; biogenic calcareous crusts on drowned beachrock slabs; red algal rhodoliths; and bivalve shell beds. In the studied sections, 13 superimposed genetic sequences have been documented. The repetition of similar facies associations within each sequence suggests: (1) a possibly eustasy-controlled, cyclic sedimentation; (2) a general subsidence of Rhodes during the deposition of the studied facies associations; and (3) a mostly constant range of environmental conditions (i.e. sedimentation rates and temperature) throughout the Gelasian.
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Ahmed, Ishfaq, and Muhammad Musarrat Nawaz. "Antecedents and outcomes of perceived organizational support: a literature survey approach." Journal of Management Development 34, no. 7 (July 13, 2015): 867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-09-2013-0115.
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Purpose – Riggle et al.’s (2009) and Rhoades and Eisenberger (2002) literature surveys are the latest available studies on antecedents and outcomes of perceived organizational support (POS). Riggle et al. work considered studies on outcomes of organizational support (1986-2006), while Rhoades and Eisenberger worked on both antecedents and consequences (1986-2002). There are seven years since no work has been done on the outcomes and almost 12 years since no work has been done on the antecedents of POS. Considering the gap, the paper aims to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of POS. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 170 studies were included in meta-analysis containing at least one of the antecedent or outcomes. Riggle et al. included 167 studies, while Rhoades and Eisenberger study covered 70 studies in their literature survey studies for the period of 1986-2006. This study adds value to the work of Riggle et al., by looking at the studies conducted from January 2007 to September 2013; and Rhoades and Eisenberger by investigating the antecedents of POS from January 2003 to September 2013. Findings – Findings of the study revealed that POS is largely influenced by justice, growth opportunities, supervisor support, and coworker support. While having a profound look at the outcomes it is evident that POS significantly influence employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment; while its impact on organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intentions is moderate. Practical implications – This research endeavor leaves a valuable message for management as POS is noticed to have profound effects on employee attitudes and behaviors at work. Originality/value – This study adds value by offering meta-analysis of the antecedents and outcomes of POS for latest available literature (i.e. 2003-2013 for antecedents and 2007-2013 for outcomes).
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Quillévéré, Frédéric, Jean-Jacques Cornée, Pierre Moissette, Gatsby Emperatriz Lopez-Otalvaro, Christiaan van Baak, Philippe Münch, Mihaela Carmen Melinte-Dobrinescu, and Wout Krijgsman. "Chronostratigraphy of uplifted Quaternary hemipelagic deposits from the Dodecanese island of Rhodes (Greece)." Quaternary Research 86, no. 1 (July 2016): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033589400039739.
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AbstractAn integrated magneto-biostratigraphic study, based on calcareous nannofossils and foraminifers, together with the radiometric dating of a volcaniclastic layer found in several outcrops, was carried out on the hemipelagic deposits of the Lindos Bay Formation (LBF) at six localities on the island of Rhodes (Greece). Our highly refined chronostratigraphic framework indicates that the lower and upper lithos-tratigraphic boundaries of the LBF are diachronous. Associated with the40Ar/39Ar age determination of 1.85 ± 0.08 Ma for the volcaniclastic layer, our data show that among the investigated outcrops, the Lindos Bay type locality section provides the longest record (1.1 Ma) of the LBF. Hemipelagic deposition occurred continuously from the late Gelasian (~1.9 Ma) to the late Calabrian (~0.8 Ma), i.e., from Chrons C2n (Olduvai) to C1r.1r (Matuyama) and from nannofossil Zones CNPL7 to CNPL10. This long record, together with the hemipelagic nature of the deposits, make the Lindos Bay type locality section a unique element in the eastern Mediterranean region, allowing future comparisons with other early Quaternary deep-sea sections available in the central and western Mediterranean regions.
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Karski, Karol. "The International Legal Status of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta." International Community Law Review 14, no. 1 (2012): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187197312x617674.
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Abstract The Order of Malta is an entity which established its own states on Rhodes (1310–1522) and Malta (1530–1798). Since 1834, it has been located in Rome. Today, the Order is universally regarded as a subject of international law. The Order exercises right of legation and ius contrahendi. It still is not a primary, i.e., sovereign, subject of international law. Paradoxically, it is its distinguishing feature, i.e., being a religious order that prevents it from being genuinely sovereign. Sovereignty means independence from any external power. In the case of any order of the Roman Catholic Church, this is absolutely impossible. The Order’s Grand Master can be elected only from among religious in terms of canon law who have made vows of poverty, chastity and obedience and is fully subordinate to the Pope. Yet the Order undoubtedly is a secondary subject of international law whose status is determined by its recognition by primary subjects.
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Fahmy-Abdullah, Mohd, and Basri Abdul Talib. "Data Envelopment Analysis (Dea) Approach In Efficiency Transport Manufacturing Industry in Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.20 (September 1, 2018): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.20.19270.
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The objective of this study was to measure of technical efficiency, transport manufacturing industry in Malaysia score using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) from 2005 to 2010. The efficiency score analysis used only two inputs, i.e., capital and labor and one output i.e., total of sales. The results shown that the average efficiency score of the Banker, Charnes, Cooper - Variable Returns to Scale (BCC-VRS) model is higher than the Charnes, Cooper, Rhodes - Constant Return to Scale (CCR-CRS) model. Based on the BCC-VRS model, the average efficiency score was at a moderate level and only four sub-industry that recorded an average efficiency score more than 0.50 percent during the period study. The implication of this result suggests that the transport manufacturing industry needs to increase investment, especially in human capital such as employee training, increase communication expenses such as ICT and carry out joint ventures as well as research and development activities to enhance industry efficiency.
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Auker, Linda A., and Candace A. Oviatt. "Factors influencing the recruitment and abundance of Didemnum in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 5 (January 31, 2008): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm196.
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Abstract Auker, L. A., and Oviatt, C. A. 2008. Factors influencing the recruitment and abundance of Didemnum in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 765–769. The non-indigenous colonial tunicate Didemnum sp. A has been observed in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, since 2000. We compared weekly recruitment of the species and environmental parameters (i.e. temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, pH, and nutrient concentrations) over a 6-month period among three sites: (i) the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography dock (GSO), (ii) the Department of Environmental Management pier at Fort Wetherill (FW), and (iii) the Prudence Island T-wharf. At the GSO and FW, divers surveyed the sites for percentage cover of Didemnum. To assess the spread of Didemnum in the bay and what factors may predict the tunicate’s presence, we also surveyed intertidal sites in October and November 2005, noting Didemnum presence, salinity, number of boats and moorings, and distances to major ports at each site. GSO had the highest percentage cover of adults and the highest recruitment of the tunicate (p < 0.01), reaching average peak values of 319 individuals per 100 cm2 in September 2005. Temperature and salinity demonstrated the best correlation with recruitment, and higher boat and mooring numbers may be a reliable predictor of tunicate presence. Further monitoring is needed to assess the potential spread of Didemnum throughout Narragansett Bay.
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ONI, O. O., N. I. DIM, B. Y. ABUBAKAR, and O. E. ASIRIBO. "EGG PRODUCTION CURVE OF RHODE ISLAND RED CHICKENS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 28, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v28i1.2063.
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Data on the monthly egg production of a strain of Rhode Island chickens (500 breeder hens) were used to test the goodness of fit of six mathematical models, viz; Exponential, Parabolic exponential, Wood's Gamma type and modified Gamma type by McNally, Inverse polynomial and Linear regression. Egg production was summarized for each hen into 28-d periods, starting from the day of firts egg. The hens were classified into different production cycle length based on the number of 28-d periods. The models were fitted to the mean results obtained for periods within groups of hens. The effect of cycle length on goodness of fit was also examined separately for the 'best' three models with highest R2 values. The egg production cycle (i.e. number of 28-d periods) varied from 9 to 15 periods. Similarly, the coefficients of determination (R2) varied from 0.16 to 0.95 from fitting the models to mean egg production data for groups of hens. The results suggest that thye 'best' three models that were chosen fitted 52 week laying records quite well, judging from their respective R2, which were higherf for McNally (0.95) and Parabolic exponential (0.93) than for wood (0.75). Based on the goodness of fit to 52-week production record, the McNally model gave the best results. However, its suitability in predicting full year production from part year record needs to be further investigated.
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Kriz, Peter K., Steven J. Staffa, David Zurakowski, Matthew MacAskill, Tyler Kirchberg, Kyle Robert, Janette Baird, and Greg Lockhart. "Effect of Penalty Minute Rule Change on Injuries and Game Disqualification Penalties in High School Ice Hockey." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518815886.
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Background: Recent efforts have focused on eliminating dangerous hits in ice hockey. Fair play rule changes have successfully reduced injury risk but have not been widely implemented. Purpose: To determine the effect of a penalty infraction minutes (PIM) rule change in high school boys’ ice hockey on injuries and game disqualification penalties. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Injury data were collected from 2 Rhode Island hospital systems and game/penalty data through the Rhode Island Hockey Coaches Association website. Participants included high school boys’ hockey varsity players aged 13 to 19 years presenting to 5 emergency departments for hockey injuries during 6 seasons (December 2012–April 2018). Rule change for the 2015-2016 season implemented varying suspensions for players accumulating ≥50 PIM and ≥70 PIM during regular season and playoffs. Injuries were classified as body checking or non–body checking related, and injury rates pre– versus post–rule change were compared via the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test with the odds ratio (OR) to measure risk reduction. Results: During the study period, 1762 boys’ high school varsity hockey games were played. Of 134 game-related injuries, 82 (61.2%) were attributable to body checking. The PIM rule change was associated with a significant reduction in all injuries (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35-0.86; P = .008), concussion/closed head injury (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23-0.85; P = .012), and combined subgroups of concussion/closed head injury and upper body injury (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31-0.80; P = .003). Game disqualification penalties per season were not significantly reduced following the rule change, occurring in 5.2% of games before the rule change and 4.4% of games after (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.54-1.31; P = .440). Conclusion: Implementation of a statewide PIM restriction rule change effectively reduced the mean number of game-related injuries per season among high school boys’ hockey varsity players.
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Daba, Ashenafi Worku, Asad Sarwar Qureshi, and Bethel Nekir Nisaren. "Evaluation of Some Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana) Genotypes for Their Salt Tolerance, Biomass Yield and Nutrient Composition." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010143.
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The livestock productivity in Ethiopia is seriously constrained by the shortage of fodder due to increasing soil salinization. Therefore, restoration of salt-affected lands into productive soils through salt-tolerant forages and improved irrigation and crop management practices is crucial for enhancing the productivity of the livestock sector in Ethiopia. In this three-year study, pot trials were conducted to evaluate the impact of five different soil salinity levels (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dS m−1) on plant growth, biomass production, and nutrient quality attributes of three Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) genotypes (ILRI-6633, ILRI-7384, CV-massaba). Increasing soil salinity negatively affected germination percentage (GP) and mean germination time (MGT) of all genotypes. For all salinity levels, the highest GP was observed for ILRI-6633 and the lowest for CV-massaba. Plant height and chlorophyll content for ILRI-6633 was higher than the other two genotypes. The crude protein (CP) content was higher in low dry matter-producing genotype (ILRI-7384). The performance of ILRI-6633 at all salinity levels was superior to the other two genotypes. CV-massaba genotype performed better under low to medium soil salinity conditions. Therefore, ILRI-6633 and CV-massaba genotypes have excellent potential to increase forage production in salt-affected areas of Ethiopia.
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Geldart, Sybil. "Tall and Good-Looking?" Journal of Individual Differences 29, no. 3 (January 2008): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.29.3.148.
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While there has been much emphasis on the objective properties of beautiful faces, some theories of physical attractiveness implicate norm-based coding of faces and experience-dependent preferences (e.g., Langlois & Roggman, 1990 ; Rhodes, Jeffery, Watson, Clifford, & Nakayama, 2003 ). This study further explored experiential influences by correlating a persons standing height with his/her ideal vertical location of the internal features in computerized faces. Taller raters created faces with larger ratios of forehead height to chin height–resulting in a larger forehead and a smaller chin, presumably caused by their biased exposure to faces from above eye level. Faces produced by shorter raters had a smaller forehead and a larger chin. The moderate correlation was maintained after controlling for age and gender (i.e., semipartial r = .41; N = 39), and rater height alone explained 24% of the variance in preferred location of the internal facial features. These results point to individual differences in perceptions of attractiveness, accounted for to some degree by the facial proportions encountered in everyday interactions.
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Kowal, Daniel M., and Thomas P. Husband. "Characteristics of Trees with Excavated Cavities Used by Birds in Rhode Island." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/13.1.16.
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Abstract Our study examined the specific characteristics of 58 trees with excavated cavities used by birds in Rhode Island. Forty-five percent of cavity trees used by cavity-nesting birds were red maple and American elm. Forty-one percent of cavity trees had ≥ 2 cavities. Most cavities were ≤0.9 m from a decay entry point such as a broken top or branch. The characteristics of trees most often used by cavity-nesting birds included: dead; broken tops; > 80% of bark cover; and low resistance to heartwood decay and ice damage. Trees with these characteristics pose little competition to crop trees and should be left standing. North. J. Appl. For. 13(1):16-18.
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Crocker, C. E., R. A. Feldman, G. R. Ultsch, and D. C. Jackson. "Overwintering behavior and physiology of eastern painted turtles (Chrysemys picta picta) in Rhode Island." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-032.
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We equipped 20 eastern painted turtles (Chrysemys picta picta) with radio transmitters and recovered them from a pond in Rhode Island during the winter of 1998-1999. Each month, three turtles were collected without permitting them to breathe. Blood was sampled by cardiac puncture and analyzed for pH, PCO2, PO2, and hematocrit; plasma was analyzed for [Na+], [K+], [Cl], total [Ca], total [Mg], [lactate], and osmolality. In December 1998, mean values for pH, PO2, PCO2, [HCO3], [lactate], total [Ca] and [Mg], hematocrit, and osmolality were 7.84 ± 0.02, 4.7 ± 1.9 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa), 10.2 ± 1.2 mmHg, 25.4 ± 2.6 mmol·L1, 2.78 ± 1.16 mmol·L1, 3.2 ± 0.4 mmol·L1, 2.5 ± 0.1 mmol·L1, 23% red blood cells, and 271 mosmol·kg 1 H2O, respectively, values similar to those for turtles submerged in normoxic water for 10 days at the prevailing water temperature (2-3°C). Throughout the winter, ice intermittently covered approximately 80% of the pond, water PO2 was greater than 75% of air saturation, and blood PO2 was maintained between 0.8 ± 0.3 and 10.1 ± 1.1 mmHg. Between December and February, there were no changes in most of the measured blood variables but, in March 1999, although the pond was largely free of ice, plasma [lactate], total [Ca], and total [Mg] averaged nearly 30, 8.1 ± 1.7, and 4.5 ± 0.8 mmol·L1, respectively, although with a large variation among individuals. The turtles did not bury in the substrate during the winter and, despite the increase in plasma lactate, there was no significant acidemia. However, the winter of 19981999 was relatively mild, and it is possible that more significant acid-base and ionic perturbations could occur during more severe winters, particularly in small ponds that cool sooner in late autumn and may have more prolonged ice cover than larger bodies of water.
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English, Arthur, and John J. Carroll. "Outsiders and the Amateur Legislature: A Case Study of Legislative Politics." American Review of Politics 6 (January 1, 1986): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1985.6.0.22-34.
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Political scientists have concentrated their analyses on the United States Congress and legislatures in the larger states, while developing a literature rich in insight on legislative institutions. But this literature has often overlooked that most typical, albeit declining, legislative phenomena, the amateur or citizens legislatures which are found in the smaller and more rural states. The defining difference between these two types of legislative institutions, i.e., between the "professionalized” Congress, California legislature, and the amateur Rhode Island or Arkansas General Assemblies, is that in the one legislators "legislate" for a living while in the other members serve part-time and draw their principal paychecks elsewhere.
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SOIPE, A. I., H. RAZAVI, D. RAZAVI-SHEARER, O. GALÁRRAGA, L. E. TAYLOR, and B. D. L. MARSHALL. "Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden in Rhode Island: modelling treatment scale-up and elimination." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 16 (August 5, 2016): 3376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816001722.
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SUMMARYWe utilized a disease progression model to predict the number of viraemic infections, cirrhotic cases, and liver-related deaths in the state of Rhode Island (RI) under four treatment scenarios: (1) current HCV treatment paradigm (about 215 patients treated annually, Medicaid reimbursement criteria fibrosis stage ⩾F3); (2) immediate scale-up of treatment (to 430 annually) and less restrictive Medicaid reimbursement criteria (fibrosis stage ⩾F2); (3) immediate treatment scale-up and no fibrosis stage-specific Medicaid reimbursement criteria (⩾F0); (4) an ‘elimination’ scenario (i.e. a continued treatment scale-up needed to achieve >90% reduction in viraemic cases by 2030). Under current treatment models, the number of cirrhotic cases and liver-related deaths will plateau and peak by 2030, respectively. Treatment scale-up with ⩾F2 and ⩾F0 fibrosis stage treatment criteria could reduce the number of cirrhotic cases by 21·7% and 10·0%, and the number of liver-related deaths by 19·3% and 7·4%, respectively by 2030. To achieve a >90% reduction in viraemic cases by 2030, over 2000 persons will need to be treated annually by 2020. This strategy could reduce cirrhosis cases and liver-related deaths by 78·9% and 72·4%, respectively by 2030. Increased HCV treatment uptake is needed to substantially reduce the burden of HCV by 2030 in Rhode Island.
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Puchała, Michał, Józefa Krawczyk, and Jolanta Calik. "Influence of Origin of Laying Hens on the Quality of Their Carcasses and Meat After the First Laying Period." Annals of Animal Science 14, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2014-0028.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the quality of carcasses and meat from selected native breeds and breeding lines of hens after using them for laying eggs in terms of their usefulness as raw material in traditional old polish cuisine. hens included in the programme for the protection of genetic resources were the object of this study. they belonged to the following breeds/breeding lines: greenleg partridge (Z-11), rhode Island red (r-11), new hampshire (n-11) and Barred rock (WJ-44) – 30 hens from each line. the hens were kept in a closed hen house under standard raising conditions. eight hens were selected from 56-week-old hens of each line which were subjected to analysis after being slaughtered. as a result of the research conducted, it was found that:– Among the hens under study, heavier layers, i.e. Barred rock (WJ-44), new hampshire (n-11) and rhode Island red (r-11), which are characterized by good muscling and dressing percentage similar to that of broiler chickens, proved to be most suitable for use as meat.– The meat from WJ-44 hens contained most cholesterol and least protein, and the meat from Z-11 birds had the least fat compared to the other lines.– At the end of the laying period, meat and broth from WJ-44, n-11 and r-11 hens obtained better sensory scores than those from the carcasses of Z-11 hens, which makes them an attractive raw material for traditional polish cuisine.
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Calik, Jolanta, Józefa Krawczyk, Sylwester Świątkiewicz, Robert Gąsior, Krzysztof Wojtycza, Katarzyna Połtowicz, Joanna Obrzut, and Michał Puchała. "Comparison of the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Rhode Island Red (R-11) capons and cockerels." Annals of Animal Science 17, no. 3 (July 26, 2017): 903–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0002.
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Abstract The aim of the study was the comparison of the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of capons and cockerels. The experiment involved 80 Rhode Island Red (R-11) cockerels, which were randomly assigned to two groups with 40 birds per group. Group I (control) consisted of uncastrated cockerels, and group II was comprised of birds subjected to castration at 9 weeks of age. The castration was performed under local anaesthesia by a veterinary surgeon. The birds received the same diets ad libitum and were kept on litter under optimal environmental conditions, at a stocking density of 7 birds/m2. At the end of fattening, 8 birds whose body weights were similar to the group average were selected for slaughter from each group. After slaughter, the birds were checked for castration success (removal of the testes), analysed for dressing percentage and technological parameters of the meat and subjected to chemical and sensory evaluation of the breast and leg muscles. In summary, the castration of Rhode Island Red cockerels (R-11) had a favourable effect on body weight, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and carcass muscling. The breast and leg muscles of the capons were characterised by better water holding capacity, tenderness and sensory score compared to the uncastrated cockerels. In addition, the castration had a positive effect on the content of crude protein in both the breast and leg muscles which, with a higher crude fat content, were characterised by a more favourable profile of fatty acids, i.e. lower SFA and higher n-6 and n-3 PUFA content.
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Visconti, Fernando, Delfina Martínez, María José Molina, Florencio Ingelmo, and José Miguel de Paz. "A combined equation to estimate the soil pore-water electrical conductivity: calibration with the WET and 5TE sensors." Soil Research 52, no. 5 (2014): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13331.
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Affordable, commercial dielectric sensors of the frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) and capacitance–conductance (CC) types estimate the dielectric permittivity (εb) and electrical conductivity (σb) of bulk soil. In this work, an equation was obtained to estimate the pore-water electrical conductivity (σp), which is closely related to the soil salinity in contact with plant roots, from εb and σb data, by combining the simplified dielectric mixing (SDM) model that relates εb to the soil volumetric water content (θ), with the Rhoades equation that relates θ and σb to σp. This equation was calibrated with measurements of εb and σb obtained with the Delta-T WET (FDR) and the Decagon 5TE (CC) sensors, in 20 pots filled with a clay loam soil and arranged as combinations of four levels of soil moisture with five levels of soil salinity. The calibrations were performed against reference θ and σp values. The σp was calculated with the chemical equilibrium model SALSOLCHEMEC and used as a more reliable reference than the electrical conductivity of the soil wetting water. For both sensors, the SDM model on the one hand, and the Rhoades equation on the other, provided the most accurate estimations using the least number of parameters regarding their respective alternatives, i.e. the third-order polynomial and the Hilhorst equation. The combined equation for estimation of σp subsequently provided root mean square deviations of 3.1 (WET) and 4.1 (5TE) dS m–1, which decreased to 1.5 and 2.6 dS m–1 for θ >0.22 m3 m–3, and σb <3 (WET) and 3.7 (5TE) dS m–1. A new combined equation has been proposed for reliable estimations of σp with these sensors in clayey soils for θ >0.22 m3 m–3 and σb <3.7 dS m–1.
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Gandhi, Aradhana Vikas, and Dipasha Sharma. "Technical efficiency of private sector hospitals in India using data envelopment analysis." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 9 (November 29, 2018): 3570–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-06-2017-0135.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the performance of Indian hospitals in recent past and derive meaningful insights for policy makers and practicing managers in this area. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses the technical efficiency of select Indian private hospitals using three related methodologies: data envelopment analysis (DEA), Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) and Tobit regression. Two output variables (i.e. total income and profit after tax) and four input variables (i.e. cost of labour, net fixed assets, current assets and other operating expenses) were selected for the purpose of the study. Findings DEA analysis has shown that 14 out of 37 hospitals are found to be efficient under the Cooper and Rhodes model of DEA and 20 out of 37 hospitals are efficient under the Banker, Charles and Cooper model of DEA. The empirical results pertaining to MPI indicate an overall productivity progress in the private Indian hospital industry during the study period, which is largely due to technological advancement in the industry. Tobit regression demonstrates that chain affiliated, specialized and multi-city located hospitals exhibit a higher technical efficiency. Research limitations/implications This study has a limitation with reference to the unavailability of data on the input and output parameters of the model. The data related to the number of beds, number of doctors, number of nurses, etc., were not available for the period under consideration. Originality/value This study seems to be one of the few studies applying productivity and performance analysis using DEA, MPI and Tobit regression for the Indian private hospital industry.
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Bailey, Benjamin. "Language and negotiation of ethnic/racial identity among Dominican Americans." Language in Society 29, no. 4 (October 2000): 555–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500004036.
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The ethnolinguistic terms in which the children of Dominican immigrants in Rhode Island think of themselves, i.e. as “Spanish” or “Hispanic,” are frequently at odds with the phenotype-based racial terms “Black” or “African American,” applied to them by others in the United States. Spanish language is central to resisting such phenotype-racial categorization, which denies Dominican Americans their Hispanic ethnicity. Through discourse analysis of naturally occurring peer interaction at a high school, this article shows how a Dominican American who is phenotypically indistinguishable from African Americans uses language, in both intra- and inter-ethnic contexts, to negotiate identity and resist ascription to totalizing phenotype-racial categories. In using language to resist such hegemonic social categorization, the Dominican second generation is contributing to the transformation of existing social categories and the constitution of new ones in the US.
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Nguyen, Son, Alicia T. Lamere, Alan Olinsky, and John Quinn. "The Effects of Sampling Methods on Machine Learning Models for Predicting Long-term Length of Stay." International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis 6, no. 3 (July 2019): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrsda.2019070103.
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The ability to predict the patients with long-term length of stay (LOS) can aid a hospital's admission management, maintain effective resource utilization and provide a high quality of inpatient care. Hospital discharge data from the Rhode Island Department of Health from the time period between 2010 to 2013 reveals that inpatients with long-term stays, i.e. two weeks or more, costs about six times more than those with short stays while only accounting for 4.7% of the inpatients. With the imbalance in the distribution of long-stay patients and short-stay patients, predicting long-term LOS patients becomes an imbalanced classification problem. Sampling methods—balancing the data before fitting it to a traditional classification model—offer a simple approach to the problem. In this work, the authors propose a new resampling method called RUBIES which provides superior predictive ability when compared to other commonly used sampling techniques.
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Ramírez-Restrepo, C. A., C. J. O'Neill, N. López-Villalobos, J. Padmanabha, and C. McSweeney. "Tropical cattle methane emissions: the role of natural statins supplementation." Animal Production Science 54, no. 9 (2014): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14246.
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A natural food-based supplementation in the basal diet (BD) of cattle for lowering methane emissions was conducted over a 2.5-month period in 2013 at Lansdown Research Station, in north Queensland, Australia. Using eight rumen-cannulated Belmont Red Composite steers [436 ± 18.2 kg liveweight (LW); least squares means ± s.e.m.] fed a diet mixture of 0.85 CSIRO’s Ridley beef finisher pellets and 0.15 Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana); Experiment 1 compared for 7 weeks dose-dependent effects of the fermented-Monascus purpureus red rice powder (FRR) on dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency and tolerability. Consistent with the developed feeding methodology, the second experiment used four (461 ± 18.2 kg LW) fistulated Belmont Red Composite steers to assess rumen fermentation parameters and methane emissions measured in an open-circuit respiratory chamber system over ~4 weeks. Overall, LW increased throughout the study. In Experiment 1, the supplementation of FRR containing a natural lovastatin (monakolin K) reached 120 g/day (i.e. 2.88 ± 0.057 mg monakolin K/kg LW) fed in two approximately equal portions at 0900 hours and 1600 hours. However, once the diet was equal to or higher than 110 g/day of FRR, adverse effects were evident in terms of DMI (P < 0.05) and animal physiology. Compared with the BD, dietary intake of 40 g of FRR/day (i.e. 0.92 ± 0.034 mg monakolin K/kg LW) was associated (P < 0.05) with increased DMI and reduced methane yield (g/kg DMI) emissions. However, the effect was transient and not observed as FRR increased to 100 g/day. It was concluded that the adverse effects of FRR on animal health precludes further investigation with high doses of supplementation, and the transient reduction in methane yield was probably due to rumen adaptation.
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Samuels, Elizabeth A., William Goedel, Lauren Conkey, Jennifer Koziol, Sarah Karim, Rachel P. Scagos, Lee Ann Jordison Keeler, et al. "41538 Characterizing Opioid Overdose Hotspots for Targeted Overdose Prevention and Treatment." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.619.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Identifying factors associated with opioid overdoses will enable better resource allocation in communities most impacted by the overdose epidemic. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Opioid overdoses often occur in hotspots identified by geographic and temporal trends. This study uses principles of community engaged research to identify neighborhood and community-level factors associated with opioid overdose within overdose hotspots which can be targets for novel intervention design. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted an environmental scan in three overdose hotspots’‘ two in an urban center and one in a small city’‘ identified by the Rhode Island Department of Health as having the highest opioid overdose burden in Rhode Island. We engaged hotspot community stakeholders to identify neighborhood factors to map within each hotspot. Locations of addiction treatment, public transportation, harm reduction programs, public facilities (i.e., libraries, parks), first responders, and social services agencies were converted to latitude and longitude and mapped in ArcGIS. Using Esri Service Areas, we will evaluate the service areas of stationary services. We will overlay overdose events and use logistic regression identify neighborhood factors associated with overdose by comparing hotspot and non-hotspot neighborhoods. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that there will be differing neighborhood characteristics associated with overdose events in the densely populated urban area and those in the smaller city. The urban area hotspots will have overlapping social services, addiction treatment, and transportation service areas, while the small city will have fewer community resources without overlapping service areas and reduced public transportation access. We anticipate that overdoses will occur during times of the day when services are not available. Overall, overdose hotspots will be associated with increased census block level unemployment, homelessness, vacant housing, and low food security. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Identifying factors associated with opioid overdoses will enable better resource allocation in communities most impacted by the overdose epidemic. Study results will be used for novel intervention design to prevent opioid overdose deaths in communities with high burden of opioid overdose.
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CG, Tsipouridis, X. Papanikolaou, and Stylianidis DC. "Adaptation of peach-nectarine varieties to different soil and climatic conditions of Greece." Horticultural Science 29, No. 1 (January 6, 2012): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4467-hortsci.
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Forty two peach-nectarine (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.) varieties (i.e Spring Time, Precocissima Morettini, Southhaven, Halehaven, Blazing Gold, Cardinal, Gialla Precoce Morettini, Dixired, Fertilia Morettini, Golden Jubilee, Coronet, Red Haven, Red Globe, Cotonia Massima, Morettini 5/14, Peach of Station, Alexander, Early Elberta, Elberta of Middle Season, Beauty of Georgia, J.H. Hale, Late Elberta, Gold Drest, Morettini No. 1, Jerseyland, Desert Gold, Red Cup, Spring Crest, Loring, June Gold, Merril Gem Free, Early Red, Red Skin, Merril Fortyminer, Roubidoux, Fantasia, Sunhaven, Flavour Top, Merril Franciscan, Blake, Fairtime, Fayette) were studied for 12–18 years in three experimental orchards of Peripheral Agricultural Research Station of Rhodes (PARSR). Their degree of adaptation to the soil and climatic conditions of PARSR was evaluated in terms of yield per tree, time of bloom, time of fruit ripening, fruit quality etc. These results have been compared with related experimental data recorded at the Pomology Institute (PI) at Naoussa. The results indicate that: many peach-nectarine varieties with quite high chilling requirements (Loring, Blake) gave satisfactory yield in PARSR, where the mean average of temperatures below 7°C over one decade was found to be 147 hours (range 52–226). Some peach-nectarine varieties in experimental orchards of PARSR ripened more than ten days earlier (Desert Gold, Early Red, Peach of Station, Loring, Merril Gem Free), of others at about the same time (Coronet, Cotonia Massima, Red Skin, Fertilia Morettini, Red Globe) and at others on a later date (Merril Fortyminer, Early Elberta, J.H. Hale, Cardinal, Southhaven) than they would ripen in northern Greece (PI). Similar differences were also found for the time of blooming.
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Krawczyk, Józefa, Zofia Sokołowicz, Sylwester Świątkiewicz, Jerzy Koreleski, and Maja Szefer. "Performance and Egg Quality of Hens from Conservation Flocks Fed a Diet Containing Maize Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)." Annals of Animal Science 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10220-012-0021-7.
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Performance and Egg Quality of Hens from Conservation Flocks Fed a Diet Containing Maize Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)The objective of the study was to evaluate laying performance and quality indices of consumption and hatching eggs in hens from conservation flocks fed a diet containing maize distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). A total of 360 Greenleg Partridge (Z-11) and Rhode Island Red (R-11) hens, included in the genetic resources conservation programme in Poland, were investigated. The good performance obtained by layers fed the DDGS diet indicates that maize distillers dried grains with solubles can serve as a useful source of protein in the nutrition of hens from conservation flocks, partly replacing imported soybean meal. The dietary inclusion of DDGS improved laying performance while maintaining hatchability traits and the quality of consumption eggs. The DDGS diet had an effect on nutritionally important egg quality traits, i.e. increased protein content of egg albumen and increased concentration of oleic and linoleic acids in yolk lipids, with a simultaneous increase in n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. Dietary inclusion of DDGS also increased yolk colour intensity and Haugh units while having no effect on eggshell quality.
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Lita, Iulian, and Tănase Stamule. "Using non-parametric technical data envelopment analysis - DEA, for measuring productive technical efficiency." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2018-0048.
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Abstract The following study is, in addition to a reassessment of literature and an analysis based on non-parametrical techniques based on linear programming. The analysis based on the Data Envelopment Analisys (DEA) technique will be used to see whether the model that we have used has a significant importance, if there are any substantial differences between the efficiency scores obtained or estimated through various methods. The theoretical part, based on the DEA technique will be analysed under the influence of both the works of Farell(1957), and also Charnes, Cooper, Rhodes(1978), Banker, Charnes, Cooper(1984) and other newer models. The dissolution of efficiency scores obtained through the CRS-DEA model has been studied for a long time into two different components: One is linked with the scale inefficiency and the other one represents the pure technical inefficiency. This dissolution can be done by using the CRS model with technology when not all the companies are operating at the optimum level, i.e. through the simultaneous application on the same set of data of the CRS and VRS models. In this study, the main non-parametrical Data Envelopment Analysis method is presented (Wu, Fan, Zhou, Zhou, 2012; Halkos, Tzeremes, 2009) and its application on a group of 42 companies (The headquarters of a top commercial bank in Romania - S.C. BRD GROUPE SOCIÉTÉ GÉNÉRALE ), based on the information gained in the years 2016-2017. This paper is original because it combines the already developed method with new techniques, in order to link together economic factors and operational research and leaves more room for future researches with the purpose of further assessing and changing the performance of every decisional unit under the influence of the environmental factors.
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Wiewiorowski, Jacek. "Universality of the Rhodian maritime law." Gdańskie Studia Prawnicze, no. 3(43)/2019 (November 4, 2019): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/gsp.2019.3.17.
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The article is devoted to the Rhodian maritime law (i.e. lex Rhodia de iactu [rhodian law about jettison]), which is considered to be a primary source of knowledge about the terms of jettison and other risks associated with navigation in maritime law. First, the Author presents general information concerning the issue and the impact of law in legal history. Then, he draws on the findings of sciences with regard to the roots of the sense of justice among humans and points out their correspondences with solutions adopted in Rhodian law about jettison. In conclusion, the Author advocates the need to resort to the achievements of evolutionary psychology in studies devoted to Roman law and modern legal studies as well. In his opinion, this would serve to verify and support the thesis that certain solutions developed by Roman law are universal as well as to promote the idea of returning to the unity of knowledge (consilience).
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Armstrong, Gordon. "Theatre as a Complex Adaptive System." New Theatre Quarterly 13, no. 51 (August 1997): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00011271.
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The functioning of human consciousness in interpreting and staging a theatrical performance is, as Gordon Armstrong argues in this article, among the most highly selective and adaptive operations known to physical science. According to this view, the theatre, as a substrate of consciousness, was part of the package that defined modern man as a reflective species: whereas for the first four million years of human existence man was silent about a probable inner life, the dawn of empathy some 200,000 years ago saw a neural explosion – the enlargement of the angular gyrus in the left hemisphere of the brain, unlocking a new kind of reflective consciousness. In isolation, this aberrant neurological connection proved so advantageous for hunting and for communication that members of a tribe who possessed this aberration prospered: and adaptation to the ice ages that began 200,000 years ago was a motivating factor in stimulating the emergence of what we can recognize as art. Gordon Armstrong is immediate past Secretary of the American Society for Theatre Research, and Review Editor for Theatre Research International. He has taught at UCLA, SUNY Stony Brook, and the University of Rhode Island, and has designed and directed productions in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York. His full-length works include the revised Golden Ages of the Theatre and Samuel Beckett, W.B. Yeats, and Jack Yeats: Images and Words.
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Xiao, Suguang, Muhannad T. Suleiman, Clay J. Naito, and Sudhakar Neti. "Use of Geothermal Deep Foundations for Bridge Deicing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2363, no. 1 (January 2013): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2363-07.
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Winter deicing practices reduce the longevity of bridge infrastructure and make it difficult to achieve the national goal of a bridge service life of 100 years or more, which was set by SHRP 2. The vast majority of these bridges are supported on deep foundations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the concept of employing geothermal deep foundations (energy piles) to heat the bridge slab and thereby minimize or eliminate the use of deicing salt. This concept had the advantage of using required foundation elements to function also as heat exchangers with the surrounding soil, which approximated a constant temperature below a depth of 1 to 3 m (depending on the region). This paper describes a two-dimensional (2-D) finite element model used to assess the power demands to heat a typical bridge slab. Initially, the 2-D model of a conventional bridge (not incorporating the geothermal system) was validated by using a case study for a bridge in Rhode Island for which the temperature of the bridge slab was monitored for about 1 year. Once validated, the model was extended to include the effects of geothermal deep foundations for weather conditions in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as an example. Analyses were conducted to simulate the performance of the geothermal system with and without preheating of the bridge slab before the snow or ice formation event.
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ONI, O. O., B. Y. ABUBAKAR, N. I. DIM, O. E. ASIRIBO, and I. A. ADEYINKA. "PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF EGG PRODUCTION MODELS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 28, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v28i1.2065.
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The monthly egg production data of a strain of Rhode Island chickens were used to compare three mathematical models (the Parabolic exponential, Wood's Gamma and modified Gamma by McNally) on their ability to predict 52 week total egg production from part-production at 16, 20, and 24 weeks, on a hen-housed basis. The results suggest that the three models fitted 52 week laying records quite well, judging from their respective R values, which were higher for McNally (0.95) and Parabolic exponential (0.93) than for Wood (0.75). however, their ability to predict 52 week egg production from part-records of 16, 20 24 wks varied. The prediction of total production based on fit to 24 week of data was more accurate for the McNally. The latter consistently predicted less than the actual 52 week (-1.13% deviation), but the other 2 models tended to over estimate production (i.e. 12.26 and 13% deviations for Parabolic exponential andf Wood models, respectively). It was concluded that based on the goodness of fit to 52 week production record and accuracy to predict full record egg productioon from part record, the McNally model gave the best results, and could therfefore be said to have theoretical advantages over the other models. It may thus be found useful in decision making concerening replacemet of layer flocks.
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Timm, L. C., K. Reichardt, J. C. M. Oliveira, F. A. M. Cassaro, T. T. Tominaga, O. O. S. Bacchi, D. Dourado-Neto, and D. R. Nielsen. "State-space approach to evaluate the relation between soil physical and chemical properties." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 28, no. 1 (February 2004): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832004000100005.
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The state-space approach is used to evaluate the relation between soil physical and chemical properties in an area cultivated with sugarcane. The experiment was carried out on a Rhodic Kandiudalf in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Sugarcane was planted on an area of 0.21 ha i.e., in 15 rows 100 m long, spaced 1.4 m. Soil water content, soil organic matter, clay content and aggregate stability were sampled along a transect of 84 points, meter by meter. The state-space approach is used to evaluate how the soil water content is affected by itself and by soil organic matter, clay content, and aggregate stability of neighboring locations, in different combinations, aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the relation among these variables in the soil. Results show that soil water contents were successfully estimated by this approach. Best performances were found when the estimate of soil water content at locations i was related to soil water content, clay content and aggregate stability at locations i-1. Results also indicate that this state-space model using all series describes the soil water content better than any equivalent multiple regression equation.
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Kjelland, Michael E., Ben Novak, Alice Blue-McLendon, Salvador Romo, and Duane C. Kraemer. "Manipulating the Avian Egg: Applications for Embryo Transfer, Transgenics, and Cloning." Avian Biology Research 10, no. 3 (August 2017): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815617x14951979279268.
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In vitro production of germline chimeras and avian cloning may utilise the transfer of avian embryos from their original eggshell to a surrogate eggshell for culture during incubation. Such embryo transfer is valuable for avian cloning as the only alternative would be to transfer the cloned avian embryos into the infundibulum of recipient birds. Given the advances in paleogenomics, synthetic biology, and gene editing, a similar approach might be used to generate extinct species, i.e. de-extinction. One objective of the present research was to examine if ratite eggs could be manipulated via windowing and sham injection, similar to that which could allow for avian genome manipulation and subsequent development. The efficiency of interspecific avian embryo transfer using Chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus) donor eggs and Turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo) recipient eggshells was also investigated. Egg windowing and embryo transfer techniques utilised in the present research were adapted from those found in the scientific literature. Presumed fertile eggs from Rhode Island Red ( n = 40), Silkie ( n = 2), and White Leghorn Chickens ( n = 18), Turkey ( n = 48), Emu ( Dromaius novaehollandiae) ( n = 79), and Ostrich ( Struthio camelus) ( n = 89) were used in this research. Of the 41 Chicken eggs used for transfers into recipient Turkey eggshells, only one (2.4%) produced a chick. Of 31 windowed Emu eggs, one embryo survived for 25 d but no chicks were produced. Of 36 windowed Ostrich eggs, one embryo survived and hatched. The efficiency of the windowing and embryo transfers to produce chicks was low and further refinements are needed. Importantly, the results herein establish that manipulating ratite embryos is possible.
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Vriese, F. T., S. Semmekrot, and A. J. P. Raat. "Assessment of Spawning and Nursery Areas in the River Meuse." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0124.
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In commission of Rijkswaterstaat Directorate Limburg, a desk study was carried out by the OVB to assess whether fish species in the river Meuse are restricted in their abundance and distribution by the lack of appropriate spawning habitat. The area studied comprises the Dutch part of the river between Eijsden and Hedel, including old river arms and former gravel pits connected with the main stream. Not included in the study is the Grensmaas, a non-canalised stretch of the river. A total of 21 fish species were selected, whose habitat requirements regarding spawning and growth were collected by a literature survey. The assessment was made by relating habitat-associated factors (water depth, rate of flow, substratum, macrophytes) with fish-specific requirements on spawning and growth. Thus it was possible to assess per river section of 100 meters length its potential suitability as spawning and nursery area for 17 species. It was concluded that no potential spawning and nursery areas are available for barbel (Barbus barbus), chub (Leuciscus cephalus), nose carp (Chondrostoma nasus) and dace (Leuciscus leuciscus). The presence of these species in the study area can be explained by migration out of the Grensmaas. Only on 1.5 % of the total amount of river sections macrophytes are present, which obviously limits the possibilities for the phytophilic species pike (Esox lucius), tench (Tinca tinca), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), carp (Cyprinus carpio), bitterling (Rhode us sericeus amarus), white bream (Blicca bjoerkna) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus). For ide (Leuciscus idus), gudgeon (Gobio gobio), bleak (Alburnus alburnus), perch (Perca fluviatilis), pikeperch (Stizostedion hicioperca) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) potential spawning and nursery areas are abundantly present.
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Yablonsky, Richard M., and Isaac Ginis. "Improving the Ocean Initialization of Coupled Hurricane–Ocean Models Using Feature-Based Data Assimilation." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 2592–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2166.1.
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Abstract Coupled hurricane–ocean forecast models require proper initialization of the ocean thermal structure. Here, a new feature-based (F-B) ocean initialization procedure in the GFDL/University of Rhode Island (URI) coupled hurricane prediction system is presented to account for spatial and temporal variability of mesoscale oceanic features in the Gulf of Mexico, including the Loop Current (LC), Loop Current eddies [i.e., warm-core rings (WCRs)], and cold-core rings (CCRs). Using only near-real-time satellite altimetry for the “SHA-assimilated” case, the LC, a single WCR, and a single CCR are assimilated into NAVOCEANO’s Global Digitized Environmental Model (GDEM) ocean temperature and salinity climatology along with satellite-derived daily sea surface temperature (SST) data from 15 September 2005 to produce a more realistic three-dimensional temperature field valid on the model initialization date (15 September 2005). For the “fully assimilated” case, both near-real-time altimetry and real-time in situ airborne XBT (AXBT) temperature profiles are assimilated into GDEM along with SST to produce the three-dimensional temperature field. Vertical profiles from the resulting SHA-assimilated and fully assimilated temperature fields are compared to 18 real-time AXBT temperature profiles, the ocean climatology (GDEM), and an alternative data-assimilated product [the daily North and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean Prediction System Best Estimate (RSMAS HYCOM), which uses an Optimal Interpolation (OI) based assimilation technique] to determine the relative accuracy of the F-B initialization procedure presented here. Also, the tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) from each of these profiles is calculated by integrating the oceanic heat content from the surface to the depth of the 26°C isotherm. Assuming the AXBT profiles are truth, the TCHP rms error for the F-B SHA-assimilated case, the F-B fully assimilated case, the GDEM ocean climatology, and the RSMAS HYCOM product is 12, 10, 45, and 26 kJ cm−2, respectively.
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Coldham, Simon. "Customary Marriage and The Urban Local Courts in Zambia." Journal of African Law 34, no. 1 (1990): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008202.
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The local courts of Zambia are the successors to the native courts which the British set up in Northern Rhodesia, as elsewhere in colonial Africa, to administer justice to Africans. However, while the system of native courts originally existed in parallel with the system of English-style magistrates' courts, after independence the native courts (re-named local courts) were integrated into the judicial system, with appeals lying to subordinate courts (i.e. magistrates' courts) of the first or second class. Although it was the ultimate goal of the government to have a fully professionalised judiciary (a policy adopted by Kenya in 1967), it recognised that the local courts still had an important role to play in the administration of justice, particularly in the rural areas. Twenty years later it looks as if their future is secure. If the amount of business transacted by the local courts and the paucity of appeals from their decisions provide an indication of their popularity and effectiveness, they would seem to have proved their worth.Like their predecessors, the local courts have a limited criminal jurisdiction, but the bulk of their business is civil. They have jurisdiction in most civil matters where the claim does not exceed 200 kwacha. Some of these cases are actions for the recovery of a debt, actions for assault or actions for defamation of character (most frequently, accusations of witchcraft), but the majority of the cases could be broadly categorised as “family” cases, including divorce, adultery, seduction and inheritance claims.
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Kriz, Peter, Gregory Lockhart, Steven Staffa, David Zurakowski, Matthew MacAskill, Tyler Kirchberg, Kyle Robert, and Janette Baird. "EFFECT OF PENALTY MINUTE RULE CHANGE ON INJURIES AND GAME DISQUALIFICATION PENALTIES IN HIGH SCHOOL ICE HOCKEY." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 3_suppl (March 1, 2019): 2325967119S0002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00021.
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EFFECT OF PENALTY MINUTE RULE CHANGE ON INJURIES AND GAME DISQUALIFICATION PENALTIES IN HIGH SCHOOL ICE HOCKEY Background: Ice hockey has experienced a 44% increase in participation among 6 to 17-year-old players from 2009-2014 in the United States. Body checking remains legal among male youths at bantam through junior levels and in high school (HS) hockey. In the U.S., nearly 45,000 players (35,210 boys and 9,599 girls) participate in HS ice hockey, with ˜12,000 players 19 years and younger seeking care in emergency departments (ED) for ice hockey-related injuries annually. Recent efforts have focused on reducing dangerous hits and fighting at all levels of ice hockey. Rule changes such as Fair Play have proven successful in reducing injury risk, but have not been widely implemented at state, regional, or national levels. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of a penalty minute (PIM) rule change in HS boys’ ice hockey on injuries and game disqualification penalties. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Injury data were collected from 2 hospital systems in Rhode Island (RI), and game/penalty data were collected through the RI Hockey Coaches Association website. Participants included HS boys’ hockey varsity players ages 13-19 years presenting to 5 RI hospital emergency departments (ED) for hockey-related injuries during 6 seasons (December 2012 to April 2018). Rule change for 2015-16 season implemented varying suspensions for players accumulating = 50 PIM and = 70 PIM during regular season and playoffs. Injuries were classified as body checking-related or non-body checking related, and injury rates pre- vs. post-rule change were compared using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to derive odds ratios. A sample of 18,000 emergency department visits prior to the rule change and 18,000 emergency department visits after the rule change provides over 90% power to detect a 15% reduction in the odds of sustaining body checking injury requiring ED visit, assuming a body checking ED injury rate of 5% prior to the rule change, a correlation between study period ED visit rates of 0.5, and a two-sided alpha level of 0.05. Power analyses were performed in nQuery Advisor version 8.2.0 (Statistical Solutions Ltd., Cork, Ireland). Results: During the study period, a total of 1,762 boys’ HS varsity hockey games were played. Of 134 HS varsity game-related injuries presenting to the ED, 82 (61.2%) were attributable to body checking. Most (67.2%) injured players presented to Level I trauma centers, while 17.2% received transport by Emergency Medical Services. Regarding injury severity, 97.8% of injuries were non-catastrophic, while 2.2% were categorized as catastrophic serious (1 type 3 C2 dens fracture, non-displaced; 2 splenic lacerations, 1 requiring splenectomy). Three catastrophic serious injuries occurred, two of which occurred post-rule change (both splenic lacerations). The penalty minute rule change was associated with a significant reduction in all injuries (OR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35-0.86; P = 0.008), concussion/closed head injury (OR 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23-0.85; P = 0.012), and concussion/closed head injury and upper body injury combined (OR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31-0.80: P = 0.003). Game disqualification penalties per season were not significantly reduced following the rule change, occurring in 5.2% of games before and 4.4% of games after the rule change (OR 0.84; 95% CI, 0.54 – 1.31; P = 0.440). Conclusion/Significance: Implementation of a statewide PIM restriction rule change effectively reduced the mean number of game-related injuries per season in HS boys’ hockey varsity players. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in concussion/closed head injury following implementation of a Fair Play rule change at any level of ice hockey. Despite implementation of strategies to reduce intent-to-harm hits in recent years, the potential for serious head, neck, and spinal injury remains in high school boys’ ice hockey as body checking remains legal. Current opinion among sports medicine experts remains that rule changes designed to reduce injury risk are among the most effective ways to decrease traumatic injuries such as concussion. Rule changes in collision sports can effectively mitigate injury risk without fundamentally changing the sport. Implementation of PIM rule change in HS boys’ ice hockey in other states/provinces would allow assessment of significance of rule mandate as it relates to injury reduction. Future research utilizing prospective, longitudinal study designs and data collection by certified athletic trainers can provide state high school associations and other governing bodies of sport essential data to develop policy changes targeting injury reduction. Our study design could be extrapolated to other high school collision sports such as football, lacrosse, and rugby to determine the effects of rule change on collision sport injury rates. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Figure: see text]
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Silva, Sâmala Glícia Carneiro, Álvaro Pires da Silva, Neyde Fabíola Balarezo Giarola, Cássio Antônio Tormena, and João Carlos de Moraes Sá. "Temporary effect of chiseling on the compaction of a Rhodic Hapludox under no-tillage." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 36, no. 2 (April 2012): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832012000200024.
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Mechanical chiseling has been used to alleviate the effects of compaction in soils under no-tillage (NT). However, its effect on the soil physical properties does not seem to have a defined duration period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the bulk density (BD) and degree of compaction (DC) at different soil depths, after chiseling in no-tillage, for one year. The experiment was performed in Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil, using an Oxisol (Rhodic Hapludox). Bulk density and DC were previously measured in an area under NT for 16 years, then immediately after chiseling (CHI) in May 2009, six months after chiseling (CHI6M) in October 2009 and one year after chiseling (CHI12M) in May 2010. In the layers 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m, there was a significant BD reduction CHI and a marked increase CHI6M. The BD values measured CHI12M were similar to those before tillage. Chiseling reduced the DC in the layers 0.0-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m, but returned to the initial values one year later. During the evaluation periods CHI, CHI6M and CHI12M, the BD increased in the layer 0.30-0.40 m, compared with NT. The highest DC values were observed six months after chiseling; nevertheless the structural recovery of the soil was considerable, possibly due to the high degree of soil resilience and the influence of the wetting and drying cycles detected in the study period. The chiseling effects, evaluated by BD and DC, lasted less than one year, i.e., the beneficial short-term effects of chiseling on the reduction of the surface BD increased the risk of compaction in deeper soil layers.
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Rice, E. E. "(V.) Kontorini Inscriptions inédites relatives à l'histoire et aux cultes de Rhodes au IIe et au Ier s. av. J.-C. (Rhodiaka, 1: archaeologia transatlantica, 6: publications d'histoire de l'art et d'archéologie de l'Université catholique de Louvain, 42.) Louvain: Institut Supérieur d'Archéologie et d'Histoire de l'Art. 1983. Pp. 114, 17 plates, 2 plans. $14.00." Journal of Hellenic Studies 106 (November 1986): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/629734.
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van Lent, Debora Melo, Hannah Gokingco, Emelia Benjamin, Ramachandran Vasan, Paul Jacques, Alexa Beiser, Sudha Seshadri, Mini Jacob, and Jayandra Himali. "Higher Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores Are Associated With Higher Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers in the Framingham Heart Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab053_052.
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Abstract Objectives We evaluated whether higher (i.e., pro-inflammatory) Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores were associated with increased concentrations of inflammatory markers in the community-based Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring Cohort. Methods We studied 1978 participants (age 61 [SD, 9] years, 53.9% women) from the Offspring cohort who completed a validated 126-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) at exam 7 (1998–2001) and at least one of exams 5 (1991–1995) or exam 6 (1995–1998), and on whom inflammatory markers were measured at exam 7. We created a DII score based on the published scoring algorithm by Shivappa et al. 2014, (developed from previous studies linking individual dietary factors to six inflammatory markers); a cumulative DII score was calculated by averaging across a maximum of three FFQs. We used linear regression models to test associations between the cumulative DII score and natural log-transformed concentrations of adiponectin, cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, resistin, and TNF-α. Results Higher DII scores were independently associated with higher mean concentrations of four inflammatory markers after adjustment for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle covariates (β± SE, CRP 0.14 mg/L ± 0.04; P < 0.0001, IL-6 0.07 pg/mL ± 0.02; P < 0.003, resistin 0.04 ng/mL ± 0.02 ng/mL; P = 0.01). Exclusion of individuals who smoke currently did not change the results. Additionally, we observed that body mass index had a partially mediating effect on all relationships except the relationships with TNF-α. Further, we observed no significant interactions between higher DII scores and sex in their associations with each inflammatory marker. Conclusions Higher DII scores were associated with higher concentrations of four out of nine inflammatory markers. Our results suggest that anti-inflammatory diets, which correlate with low DII scores may lower systemic chronic inflammation, a process that plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic disease. Funding Sources ASPEN Rhoads Research Foundation and NIH.
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Vikas, Vikas, and Rohit Bansal. "Efficiency evaluation of Indian oil and gas sector: data envelopment analysis." International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 362–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-01-2018-0016.
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Purpose Data envelopment analysis (DEA), a non-parametric technique is used to assess the efficiency of decision-making units which are producing identical set of outputs using identical set of inputs. The purpose of this paper is to find the technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency (SE) levels of Indian oil and gas sector companies and to provide benchmark targets to the inefficient companies in order to achieve efficiency level. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, a group of 22 oil and gas companies which are listed on the National Stock Exchange for which the data were available for the period 2013–2017 has been considered. DEA has been performed to compare the efficiency levels of all companies. To measure efficiency, three input variables, namely, combined materials consumed and manufacturing expenses, employee benefit expenses and capital investment and two output variables – operating revenues and profit after tax (PAT) have been considered. On the basis of performance for the financial year ending 2017, benchmark targets based on DEA–CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) model have been provided to the inefficient companies that should be focused upon by them to attain the efficiency level. The performance of the companies for the past five years has been examined to check the fluctuations in the various efficiency scores of the companies considered in the study over the years. Findings From the results obtained, it is observed that 59 percent, i.e. 13 out of 22 companies are technically efficient. By considering DEA BCC (Banker, Charnes and Cooper) model, 16 companies are observed to be pure technically efficient. In terms of SE, there are 14 such companies. The inefficient units need to improve in terms of input and output variables and for this motive, specified targets are assigned to them. Some of these companies need to upgrade significantly and the managers must take the concern earnestly. The study has also thrown light on the performance of the companies over last five years which shows Oil India Ltd, Gujarat State Petronet Ltd, Petronet LNG Ltd, IGL Ltd, Mahanagar Gas, Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd and BPCL Ltd as consistently efficient companies. Research limitations/implications The present study has made an attempt to evaluate the efficiency of Indian oil and gas sector. The results of the study have significant inferences for the policy makers and managers of the companies operating in the sector. The results of the study provide benchmark target level to the companies of Oil and Gas sector which can help the managers of the relatively less efficient companies to focus on the ways to improve efficiency. The improvement in efficiency of a company would not only benefit the shareholders, but also the investors and other stakeholders of the company. Originality/value In the context of Indian economy, very limited number of studies have focused to measure the efficiency of oil and gas sector in the context of Indian economy. The present study aims to provide the latest insight to the efficiency of the companies especially operating in the Indian oil and gas sector. Further, as per our knowledge, this study is distinctive in terms of analyzing the efficiency of Indian oil and gas sector for a period of five years. The longitudinal study of the sector efficiency provides a bird eye view of the average efficiency level and changes in the efficiency levels of the companies over the years.
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Máchal, L., and J. Simeonovová. "The relationship of shortening and strength of eggshell to some egg quality indicators and egg production in hens of different initial laying lines*." Archives Animal Breeding 45, no. 3 (October 10, 2002): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-45-287-2002.
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Abstract. The mean values of shortening force at fracture of egg found out during the five-month observation period ranged between 0.17 and 0.19 mm in 231 hens of seven initial laying lines and strength of eggshell ranged from 29.05 N to 36.46 N. The mean values of shortening force at fracture decreased with age of hens from 0.18–0.22 mm at 28 wk of age to 0.12–0.15 mm at 46 wk of age. Similarly, strength of eggshell decreased from 31.35–37.68 N to 27.91–34.50 N in same time period. Index of shape, ratio of eggshell and albumen to total egg weight also decreased with increasing age of hens. The highest ratio of abnormal eggs was found in both Bar Plymouth Rock lines (BPR A and BPR B) – 7.5% and 8.3% resp. The lowest ratio was found in lines Rhode Island Red (RIR C) – 2.1% and Susex Light (SU) – 2.4 %. The ratio of cracked eggs ranged from 0.9 % to 3.9 %, the ratio of double-yolked eggs was 0.5%–3.2% and the ratio of eggs without shell was 0.4 %–1.5 %. The calculated coefficients of correlation between shortening of egg and index of shape were mainly positive with rp = 0.41 (P < 0.05) and rp = 0.49 (P < 0.01). The correlations between shortening of egg and total number of eggs were mainly negative with rp = −0. 34 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 46 (P < 0.01). Similar correlations existed also between shortening of egg and ratio of cracked eggs, i.e. rp = −0. 44 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 46 (P < 0.01). The correlations between shortening and total number of abnormal eggs were mainly negative rp = −0. 39 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 53 (P < 0.01). The relationships between strength of eggshell and shortening of egg are characterized by positive correlations – rp = 0. 40 (P < 0.05) and rp = 0.55, (P < 0.01). Positive correlations existed also between strength of eggshell and index of shape (from rp = 0. 37 (P < 0.05) to rp = 0.59 (P < 0.01)). Correlations between strength of eggshell and ratio of eggshell ranged from rp = 0.44 (P < 0.01) to rp = 0.74 (P < 0.01). Mainly negative correlations were found out between strength of eggshell and number of eggs rp = −0. 34 (P<0.05) and rp = −0. 44 (P < 0.01), similarly between the strength of eggshell and cracked eggs rp = −0. 40 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 52 (P < 0.01). Negative correlations existed between strength of eggshell and total number of abnormal eggs (rp = −0.45 to rp = −0.53 (P < 0.01)). This means that both eggshell shortening and strength may be used when selecting lines for egg quality.
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La, Elizabeth M., Diana Garbinsky, Shannon Hunter, Sara Poston, Patricia Novy, and Parinaz Ghaswalla. "179. Individual and State-level Factors Associated with Receipt of Multiple Recommended Adolescent Vaccines in the United States." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S218—S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.489.
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Abstract Background The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) routinely recommends several adolescent vaccines, including human papillomavirus (HPV); quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY); and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines. Limited data are available on the percentage of adolescents receiving this complement of ACIP-recommended vaccines and factors that may increase likelihood of completion. Methods This study used 2015–18 pooled National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) data to estimate national and state-level completion rates by age 17 of a two-dose MenACWY series, two- or three- dose HPV series (depending on age at first vaccination), and a Tdap vaccine, using multivariable logistic regression modeling to adjust for individual characteristics. NIS-Teen data were then combined with public state-level data to construct a multilevel model evaluating effects of both individual- and state-level factors on completion. Results After adjusting for individual-level factors, the national completion rate for these ACIP-recommended vaccines by age 17 was 30.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.1–31.0%). However, rates for individual states varied substantially, from 11.3% in Idaho (CI: 6.9–18.0%) to 56.4% in Rhode Island (CI: 49.8–62.8%) (Figure 1). In the multilevel model, individual characteristics associated with increased likelihood of receiving the recommended vaccines by age 17 included female gender, black or Hispanic race, Medicaid coverage (vs. private/other), last provider visit at age 16 or 17, generally having ≥1 provider visit in last year, and receiving a provider recommendation for HPV vaccination. Residing in a state with a MenACWY vaccination mandate for elementary and secondary schools was the only state-level variable that significantly increased the likelihood of completion (odds ratio: 1.6; CI: 1.2–2.3) (Figure 2). Figure 1: Model-Adjusted Completion Rates of ACIP-Recommended HPV, MenACWY, and Tdap Vaccines by Age 17 Years in the United States, 2015–18. ACIP, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; HPV, human papillomavirus; MenACWY, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate; Tdap, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis. Note: Vaccination completion is based on completion of the HPV series (i.e., receipt of 2 doses for individuals aged 9–14 years at first vaccination or receipt of 3 doses for individuals aged 15 years or older at first vaccination), completion of the MenACWY series (i.e., receipt of 2 doses), and receipt of a Tdap vaccine. Note: Model-adjusted composite vaccination completion is adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, mother’s educational attainment, health insurance status, continuity of health insurance coverage since age 11, whether the individual was 16 or 17 years old at their last checkup, number of physician or other healthcare professional visits in past 12 months, whether a doctor or other healthcare professional ever recommended that the individual receive HPV vaccination, and state. The model-adjusted estimate is generated by taking the average of the predicted probability of vaccination for each individual as if they were all from the same state (while retaining all other characteristics). Figure 2: Individual-Level and State-Level Characteristics Associated with an Individual’s Completion of ACIP-Recommended HPV, MenACWY, and Tdap Vaccines by Age 17 Years in the United States, 2015–18. ACIP, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; CI, confidence interval; HCP, healthcare professional; HPV, human papillomavirus; MenACWY, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate; ref, referent category; Tdap, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis. Note: Bold characters and darker circles indicate significant results. Note: Vaccination completion is based on completion of the HPV series (i.e., receipt of 2 doses for individuals aged 9–14 years at first vaccination or receipt of 3 doses for individuals aged 15 years or older at first vaccination), completion of the MenACWY series (i.e., receipt of 2 doses), and receipt of a Tdap vaccine. Conclusion Recommended adolescent vaccine completion rates are suboptimal and highly variable across states. Provider recommendations, visits at 16–17 years of age, and state mandates for MenACWY are implementable strategies associated with completion of recommended adolescent vaccines. Funding GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA (study identifier: HO-19-19991) Disclosures Elizabeth M. La, PhD, RTI Health Solutions (Employee) Diana Garbinsky, MS, GSK (Other Financial or Material Support, The study was conducted by RTI Health Solutions, which received consultancy fees from GSK. I am a salaried employee at RTI Health Solutions and received no direct compensation from GSK for the conduct of this study..) Shannon Hunter, MS, GSK (Other Financial or Material Support, Ms. Hunter is an employee of RTI Health Solutions, who received consultancy fees from GSK for conduct of the study. Ms. Hunter received no direct compensation from the Sponsor.) Sara Poston, PharmD, The GlaxoSmithKline group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Patricia Novy, PhD, GSK (Employee, Shareholder) Parinaz Ghaswalla, PhD, ORCID: 0000-0002-2883-5590, GlaxoSmithKline (Employee, Shareholder)