Academic literature on the topic 'Illegal cutting tree'

Charcoal remains the main energy cooking source for urban dwellers in Uganda. The Shea Nut tree produces quality charcoal which is efficient and locally made. Therefore, it is facing increasing threats from the local communities so as to meet the mushrooming demand. The study analyses the state of the Shea Nut tree, drivers of charcoal production, predict Shea Nut tree vegetation coverage, and establish mechanisms for sustainable utilization and conservation of the Shea Nut trees in Kapelebyong District. Landsat images were classified using likelihood classification in ArcGIS and interviews were conducted whilst geospatial, Stata, and Nvivo tools were used for analysis. The findings reflect a sharp declining trend in the coverage of the shea Nut trees by 2.3% and 6% from 2002-2012 and 2012-2022 respectively. The major drivers include high demand from urban areas, the need for income, and unemployment. As a result, it is predicted that by 2032, the coverage will have reduced to only 713 hectares (7.3%) from 1277 hectares (10.6%) in 2022. Therefore, charcoal production with other land uses has greatly resulted in Shea Nut tree deterioration. The study recommends the use of alternative energy sources, the provision of alternative income-generating activities for the local communities, Government of Uganda through NFA needs to enforce the ways through which Shea Nut trees are managed and utilized in order to minimize illegal cutting.

Ramin &nbsp;<em>(</em><em>Gonystylus bancanus </em>Kurtz.) &nbsp;is one &nbsp;of &nbsp;the &nbsp;tree &nbsp;species in&nbsp; peat-swamp &nbsp;forest &nbsp;that &nbsp;is endangered due to excessive exploitation. The objective of this research was to assess the potency of rarnin and other commercial tree species in primary and logged over peat-swamp forests at Bagan, Riau. The tree stands were inventoried in primary forest of the 2004 and 2006 Annual Work Plan (RKTs) and in &nbsp;the &nbsp;1997 &nbsp;and &nbsp;2001 &nbsp;RKTs&nbsp; managed&nbsp; with &nbsp;Indonesian &nbsp;Selective Cutting &nbsp;and &nbsp;Planting &nbsp;(TPTI) silvicultural system. &nbsp;The &nbsp;result &nbsp;showed &nbsp;that &nbsp;rarnin in &nbsp;Bagan peat-swamp &nbsp;forest&nbsp; was not &nbsp;evenly distributed. The total number of ramin &nbsp;in tree stage in primary forests was fewer than that in &nbsp;logged over forests. &nbsp;The total number of ramin species at tree stage in primary forest was between 4.5 &nbsp;and 5 trees ha&middot;&#39; with the important value index (IVI) of 10.3 &nbsp;to 12.0%, &nbsp;whereas the one at logged over forest were between 2.5 and 15 &nbsp;trees ha&middot;&#39; with theM&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;indices of 7.9 to 20.4%. &nbsp;Commercial species of swamp meranti <em>(Sho</em><em>r</em><em>ea </em><em>ul</em><em>ig</em><em>i</em><em>n</em><em>os</em><em>a</em>and <em>S</em><em>. </em><em>t</em><em>e</em><em>y</em><em>s</em><em>m</em><em>a</em><em>n</em><em>iana) </em>and balam/ suntai or <em>(Palaq</em><em>qium</em>spp.) were dominant at tree stage both in the primary and the logged over forests. Enrichment in logged over forests is not needed since the total number of seedlings and saplings &nbsp;is enough. The total number of potential core trees in logged over forests was enough for the next cutting cycle. The effort that must be done in logged over forests is to protect them from illegal logging

Tree resources in protected areas in the Visayas were mainly used for construction materials and firewood. Inhabitants inside prodtected areas harvested timber for their own light construction needs and for firewood mostly for household consumption. Illegal harvest of timber for commercial trade was still prevalent but perpetrated by highly influential people staying outside protected areas. Participation of local inhabitants was limited on the transport of lumber from the cutting area to the designated landing sites. Most preferred timber species for construction came from the Dipterocarp family, which are available only in secondary and primary forests. Owing to their being readily available in the locality, exotic species also proved a good source of construction materials. The most preferred firewood species wer gap species collected from nearby regeneration areas and woodlots. Local availability and abundance were the primary considerations with respect to preferences for firewood species.

The East African coastal forests are subject of haphazard modification following anthropogenic pressures including tree cutting and clearing for agriculture. These activities, which are leading cause of habitat disturbance and species loss, are the major challenge in the management of sensitive wildlife species such as forest understory birds. This study investigated species composition of understory birds in the coastal forests of northeastern Tanzania to generate information for the management of the landscape and biodiversity in the area. Using mist nets, birds were trapped from core and edge habitats of representative forest patches. Trapped birds were classified to species level and categorized into bird guilds based on their levels of forest dependence. It was found out that species richness was influenced by forest patch size rather than level of habitat disturbance. Edge habitat was also found to be important in hosting higher number of forest understory birds, especially generalists—but this should be treated with caution because following habitat destruction that is ongoing in the study area, there is a danger of generalist wiping out specialist species due to competitive exclusion. Strict control measures to stop illegal tree cutting and agricultural activities near the forests were recommended for sustainable conservation of the understory birds in the forests.