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Journal articles on the topic 'Illegal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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1

Rukshan, D. G. R. N., and K. M. G. A. Manage. "Perilous Journeys Across the Sea in Search of Prosperity: Causes of Illegal Migration from Sri Lanka and Present Trends (A Case Study of Illegal Immigration to Australia." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 09, no. 01 (2024): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v09i01.06.

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Illegal migration is a vexing contemporary issue for the countries from which these illegal travelers originate as well as the destination countries where they hope to settle. Therefore, countries now struggle to curb illegal migration across the world. After the end of the civil war in 2009, the favorite destination of Sri Lankans planning to migrate illegally has turned out to be Australia. Attempts by people from Sri Lanka to travel to Australia illegally have turned out to be a veritable phenomenon in recent years. This is mainly attributed to certain causes and trends that have prompted people to make attempts to reach Australia illegally. The research problem of this study is to figure out why people try to migrate to Australia by illegal means. The main objective of this study is to propose a feasible solution to mitigate the negative impacts of illegal migration to Australia. To answer these questions, this study has used both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. In addition to the secondary data collected from written sources, 10 case studies were undertaken, in which in-depth interviews were carried out using open-ended and unstructured questions. Discourse analysis and phenomenological data analysis tools were used to analyze the data. Findings of the research showed that a variety of causes, such as poor economic prospects, social problems, and political marginalization, were responsible for the increasing trend towards illegal migration to other countries. This study also found a paradigm shift in the illegal migration of Sri Lankans from Australia to New Zealand.

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2

Zyambo, Paul, Felix K. Kalaba, Vincent R. Nyirenda, and Jacob Mwitwa. "Conceptualising Drivers of Illegal Hunting by Local Hunters Living in or Adjacent to African Protected Areas: A Scoping Review." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 11204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811204.

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Illegal hunting of wildlife by community members abutting African protected areas contributes to unsustainable use of wildlife, resulting in significant declines in wildlife populations. Contemporary intervention measures have largely been ineffective, leading to pervasive and persistent illegal hunting. Such illegal hunting of wildlife is partly exacerbated by poor understanding of what motivates people to hunt illegally. Applying a scoping review approach, this study aims at developing concepts for drivers of illegal hunting and how they influence illegal hunting behaviour by local hunters living in or adjacent to African protected areas. A total of 30 publications were included for review analysis from 1014 publications retrieved using data base searches on Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The study identified 12 proximate and five underlying drivers, which were categorised into 10 thematic drivers of illegal hunting by local hunters. The need for survival and sustaining livelihoods was conceptualised as the key thematic driver of illegal hunting by local hunters. The study represents a novel work of conceptualising drivers of illegal hunting by local hunters with implications on the persistence of illegal hunting in Africa.

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3

Wu, Chung-Tong, and Christine Inglis. "Illegal Immigration to Hong Kong." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100310.

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Illegal migration from China is contrasted to that from Vietnam to highlight Hong Kong's unique place in such flows. Political upheavals in China, economic recessions and labor shortages in Hong Kong have caused waves of legal and illegal Chinese migration into Hong Kong which have been effectively contained through the vigilance of border patrols, police checks for identity cards, fines on employers of illegals, and cooperation from China. The increased numbers of Vietnamese boat people from 1988 led to a hardening in government and public attitudes, resulting in the reclassification of refugees as illegal migrants. The key difference in Hong Kong's effectiveness at stemming these two illegal migrant streams has been bilateral cooperation, which has been achieved with China but lacking in the case of Vietnam.

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4

Robin, Jepry, Parasian Simanungkalit, and Anwar Sadat. "Peranan Polisi Republik Indonesia dalam Pemberantasan Praktik Illegal Fishing di Wilayah Perairan Indonesia." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 5270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v8i9.13673.

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Coral reefs owned by the State of Indonesia are approximately 7000 km2 with 480 species of coral that have been successfully described and have a diversity of fish around 1,650 species of fish. Foreign fishermen who often enter Indonesian territorial waters, among others, come from Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia. Natuna waters, North Sulawesi waters are the most vulnerable area to illegal fishing activities. The vulnerability of Indonesian waters from illegal fishing activities, in addition to the fact that the water area contains the potential for large fishery resources, also because the geographical position of the Indonesian territorial waters is in international waters so that it is very open to the possibility of foreign fishermen entering Indonesian waters and fishing illegally. Illegal fishing activities still occur in Indonesian waters, despite various efforts to overcome them by the Indonesian government. This cross-border illegal activity is not only a problem for Indonesia, but also an interstate problem considering that the perpetrators and activities are transnational, and therefore, the handling must also be carried out cross-country, especially through bilateral cooperation with neighboring countries in the region where fishermen often enter Indonesian territorial waters illegally. Illegal fishing has become a global concern because this illegal activity has taken place in various regions and is considered to threaten the existence and sustainability of global marine fisheries resources if not handled seriously by the international community. In the study of international relations, illegal fishing can be categorized as a form of transnational crime, because in these illegal activities contained several aspects as included in the definition of transnational crime.

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5

Christian, Vincent Dennis. "Analyzing the Problems and Solutions for Movie Piracy in Indonesia." Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani 4, no. 3 (March 30, 2024): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v4i3.8513.

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In this digital era, the illegal distribution of intellectual property such as films has flourished especially in Indonesia. Indonesian citizens are also one of the main problems in digital piracy, as most of them still use illegal streaming sites to watch movies on. This research aims to analyze the causes of the culture of watching movies illegally, the constant emergence of illegal streaming sites, the efforts made to combat this phenomenon, and to give the solutions that might help in reducing this phenomenon. After analyzing several articles on this subject, three main causes of watching movies illegally have been identified, they are: watching movies for free, lack of awareness in intellectual property, and the ineffective efforts made by the government to combat illegal streaming sites. Solutions gained from this research are to implement education programs to educational institutes early on to raise a future generation with a better awareness. A collaboration between the Indonesian government, local telecommunications service providers, and official movie streaming platforms could be proposed to help combat piracy by reducing costs to watch a movie legally. Lastly, a piracy detection tool could be implemented to help the government in blocking any illegal streaming sites

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6

Eraliev, Sherzod, Rustamjon Urinboyev, Daniyar Kaldiyarov, Azamat Mukhtarov, and Daniya Nurmukhankyzy. "Legal, illegal, digital." osteuropa 74, no. 8-10 (2024): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2024-065.

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7

Agusteyn, Moses, Deassy Jacomina Anthoneta Hehanussa, and Yanti Amelia Lewerissa. "Kebijakan Kriminal Tindak Pidana Illegal Logging Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru." Bacarita Law Journal 4, no. 1 (August 31, 2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/bacarita.v4i1.9412.

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The criminal act of illegal logging is a crime against forest destruction in terms of the forestry sector. Where the crime includes logging which is carried out in areas where the forest is used illegally or without permission from the government or the authorities. Currently in the Aru Islands, the crime of illegal logging is one of the most serious crimes and is difficult to eradicate. The purposes and uses of this thesis research are: 1) What are the forms of dealing with illegal logging crimes in the Aru Islands; and 2) What is the criminal policy for dealing with illegal logging in the Aru Islands.

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8

Rahmat, Diding. "The Effectiveness of Law Enforcement on Illegal Logging Based on the Value of Justice." UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v7i1.2715.

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Forests are the lungs of the earth that contribute to environmental balance. In practice, the enforcement of environmental law through various regulations, such as Forestry Law, has brought both positive and negative impacts. This study aims to find out the regulations on illegal logging and to identify the effectiveness of law enforcement on illegal logging based on the value of justice. This study was conducted in Kuningan District Regional Government, Ciremai Mountain National Park (TNGC), Kuningan District Forestry Service, Kuningan District Court, Kuningan District Police Office, and Kuningan District Prosecutors Office. This qualitative study applied an empirical juridical or socio-legal approach in order to find data relating to law enforcement on illegal logging as well as preventive and repressive actions based on justice values carried out by law enforcement officials in Kuningan District. The results showed that Illegal logging is regulated in Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry and Law No. 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forests Destruction as well as the Supreme Court Circular No. 01 of 2008 concerning Guidelines for Handling Forestry Criminal Cases. Yet, there is no Kuningan District regulation that specifically regulates illegal logging. Further, the effectiveness of law enforcement on illegal logging in Kuningan District can be seen in terms of its legal substance, structure and culture.�Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Illegal Logging Berbasis Nilai Keadilan�Hutan merupakan paru paru dunia yang berkontribusi terhadap keseimbangan lingkungan. Penegakan hukum lingkungan melalui berbagi regulasi seperti undang undang kehutanan telah banyak memiliki nilai positif dalam prakteknya, akan tetapi juga ada nilai negatifnya Peneliti melakukan penelitian yang berjudul � Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Illegal Logging Berbasis Nilai Keadilan (Studi Di Kabupaten Kuningan) � Lokasi penelitian dilakukan Kabupaten Kuningan yaitu pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Kuningan, TNGC,� Dinas Kehutanan Kabupaten Kuningan, Pengadilan Negeri Kuningan, Kepolisian dan Kejaksaan Negeri Kuningan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaturan mengenai illegal logging� saat ini serta bagaimana penegakan hukum illeggal loging Kabupaten Kuningan. Metode yang dipakai oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris atau sosio legal dengan cara melakukan penelitian lapangan untuk mencari data mengenai penegakan hukum illeggal logging di Kabupaten Kuningan serta tindakan preventif dan represif yang dilakukan oleh aparat hukum berbasis nilai keadilan. Hasil Penelitian yaitu pengaturan Illegal logging diatur dalam Undang Undang Undang Undang No.41 Tahun 1999 Tentang Kehutanan dan Undang Undang No.18 Tahun 2013� Tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan dan Perusakan Hutan sedangkan dalam peraturan lainya juga terdapat dalam Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung No.01 Tahun 2008 Tentang Petunjuk Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana Kehutanan Sedangkan di Kabupaten Kuniningan belum ada perda tentang Illegal logging, Selanjutnya Efektivitas penegakan hukum illegal loging di Kabupaten Kuningan berdasarkan hasil penelitan dapat dilihat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat

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9

Hunt, Alan. "States and Illegal Practices:States and Illegal Practices." American Anthropologist 103, no. 1 (March 2001): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2001.103.1.251.

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10

Robertson, Kirsten, Lisa McNeill, James Green, and Claire Roberts. "Illegal Downloading, Ethical Concern, and Illegal Behavior." Journal of Business Ethics 108, no. 2 (October 30, 2011): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1079-3.

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11

Lentin, Ronit. "Illegal in Ireland, Irish Illegals: Diaspora Nation as Racial State." Irish Political Studies 22, no. 4 (December 2007): 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07907180701699182.

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12

Widyawati Boediningsih and Tjoe Kang Long. "Konflik Dalam Penerapan Hukum Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Pertambangan Mineral Dan Batubara Tanpa Izin Pada Skala Kecil." ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora 1, no. 4 (November 25, 2023): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.59246/aladalah.v1i4.603.

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Currently, illegal use of natural resources is rampant, especially among middle to lower class people, many of whom carry out mining activities without permits as a means of livelihood. Of course, carrying out mining activities without a permit/illegally is a criminal act in accordance with the provisions in Article 158 and Article 160 of the Mineral and Coal Law. However, efforts to enforce the law against illegal mining are a complex challenge for law enforcement agencies because the existence of illegal mining is related to social and economic issues faced by poor communities living around mining locations. In fact, many illegal miners report an improvement in their welfare as a result of illegal mining activities. This journal will conduct an analysis of the factors that cause the emergence of illegal mining, the impacts it causes, and policy solutions in dealing with illegal mining. Regarding the problems mentioned above, first, the factors driving illegal mining will be discussed, including regulatory issues, bureaucratic capacity in granting permits, lack of appropriate supervision, obstacles in law enforcement, and socio-economic aspects. The impacts of illegal mining will also be discussed, such as the impact on environmental damage, state revenues, and social conflicts that may arise. In the context of law enforcement, the application of utilitarianism policies and the use of punishment as a last resort will be reviewed. This journal will conclude by providing recommendations for law enforcement agencies to consider a persuasive approach to illegal miners, while the government carries out stricter guidance and supervision to turn illegal mining activities into legitimate activities.

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13

Guthrie, Robert, and Rebecca Taseff. "Dismissal and Discrimination: Illegal Workers in England and Australia." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 24, Issue 1 (March 1, 2008): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2008003.

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Abstract: This paper deals with various topical issues in relation to illegal workers. The legal rights of illegal workers have become an international concern. In this paper two common law countries are examined. The engagement of illegal workers raises a number of delicate employment law and policy issues. This article compares the attitude of the courts in England and Australia in relation to the question of the rights of workers who work contrary to immigration laws (illegal workers). In England, the courts have tended to adopt a traditional approach of not enforcing contracts which are tainted by illegality in relation to cases involving payment of wages and termination of employment. This has often meant that workers employed illegally have no rights to enforce agreements with employers who are a party to the illegal agreement. However, in relation to discrimination cases the English courts have used a number of devices to sidestep this harsh approach, and recently a number of workers who have been engaged illegally have been successful in establishing that their employer has discriminated unlawfully against them. Within the last decade in Australia the picture is even less clear with a mixture of outcomes in relation to cases by workers claiming wages when they have been working illegally. No discrimination cases have emerged in Australia, although this paper speculates that the Australian courts may be receptive to adopting the English approach.

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14

Kit Ng, Chin, Soon Nyean Cheong, Wen Wen-Jiun Yap, and Yee Loo Foo. "Outdoor Illegal Parking Detection System Using Convolutional Neural Network on Raspberry Pi." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.7 (July 4, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.7.16197.

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This paper proposes a cost-effective vision-based outdoor illegal parking detection system, iConvPark, to automatize the detection of illegally parked vehicles by providing real-time notification regarding the occurrences and locations of illegal parking cases, thereby improving effectiveness of parking rules and regulations enforcement. The iConvPark is implemented on a Raspberry Pi with the use of Convolutional Neural Network as the classifier to identify illegally parked vehicles based on live parking lot image retrieved via an IP camera. The system has been implemented at a university parking lot to detect illegal parking events. Evaluation results show that our proposed system is capable of detecting illegally parked vehicles with precision rate of 1.00 and recall rate of 0.94, implying that the detection is robust against changes in light intensity and the presence of shadow effects under different weather conditions, attributed to the superiority offered by CNN.

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15

Sidorov, V. N. "ILLEGAL RECEIPT OF UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT. GAPS IN THE LEGISLATION." Juridical Analytical Journal 15, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/1810-4088-2020-15-1-54-58.

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In the paper the problems of illegal receipt of unemployment benefit are analyzed. The author analyzes the main reasons of illegal receipt of unemployment benefit, gaps in legislation as well as proposed solutions to this problem. It raises issues of law enforcement practice to return the illegally obtained unemployment benefits.

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16

Litiloly, Haidin Ali Hamzah, and Reimon Supusepa. "Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Praktik Pungutan Liar (Pungli) Dalam Penerbitan Kendaraan Bermotor." SANISA: Jurnal Kreativitas Mahasiswa Hukum 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 49. https://doi.org/10.47268/sanisa.v4i1.2175.

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Introduction: Illegal levies (extortion) is an illegal practice in which officers collect money or other rewards illegally or violate the rules for an interest. This shows that extortion is a detrimental crime and must be eradicated to maintain justice and public trust. The aim of this research is to analyze and discuss law enforcement against police or traffic officers who practice illegal levies and analyze and discuss the obstacles to the practice of illegal levies.PurposesoftheResearch: The aim of this research is to analyze and discuss law enforcement against police or traffic officers who practice illegal levies and to analyze and discuss the obstacles to the practice of illegal levies.Methods of the Research: Research method with normative juridical research type. The problem approach used is a statutory approach, a conceptual analysis approach. Legal materials consist of primary, secondary and tertiary. Techniques for collecting legal materials through library research and qualitative analysis of legal materials.Results of the Research: The results of the research show that law enforcement against individual traffic police officers who practice illegal levies is still difficult to realize, this is because there are many obstacles encountered in the law enforcement process. Starting from the difficulty of proving the practice of illegal levies, the existence of witnesses and statements from victims of extortion, there is no law that regulates it explicitly. The results of further research are the obstacles in the practice of illegal levies, namely: The absence of a law that specifically regulates illegal levies, lack of community participation in reporting illegal levies, proof in the field which is very difficult, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and lack of support. there are criminal sanctions imposed on the perpetrator.

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17

Talan, Mariya Vyacheslavovna, Ildar Rustamovich Begishev, Tatyana Gennadievna Zhukova, Diana Davlenovna Bersei, Regina Rustеmovna Musina, and Bairamkulov Asker Magometovich. "Criminal Liability for Organization of Illegal Migration." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 68 (March 7, 2021): 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3968.37.

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The article discusses the criminal responsibility for illegally organizing migration, using a comparative documentary-based methodology. Constant changes in public life suggest the need to improve states' criminal policy in the field of establishing responsibility for organizing illegal migration, both nationally and internationally. An analysis of the provisions of international criminal law makes it possible to consider various legal approaches to the criminalization of acts in the field of migration. The document underpins the need to develop a unified approach to determining the characteristics of the crime in question, as it is transnational. It is concluded that, regardless of the different approaches of States to recognize illegal population migration, the organization of this illegal activity, in the presence of certain signs, should be recognized as a crime. At the same time, the organization of illegal migration is defined as the commission by a criminal group (association of criminal groups) of actions aimed at creating the conditions for the illegal movement of foreign nationals across the state border or their illegal presence in each country.

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18

Skiljan, Amela. "Are Nuclear Weapons Illegal?" Die Friedens-Warte 94, no. 3-4 (2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/fw-2021-0020.

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19

N, Kranjcic. "Unsupervised Classification for Illegal Building Monitoring." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000157.

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In 2013 the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning has brought an act by which all illegally built objects must be legalized. To this date almost 75% legalization request has been solved. It is expected that by the end of 2019 all of the illegally built objects will be legalized. In order to prevent further construction of illegal objects the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning is seeking a way to easily detect start of illegal construction. Since the Copernicus satellite images are available free of charge and with resolution of 10m it should be possible to detect mentioned objects. This paper will provide analysis of Copernicus Sentinel 2A imagery for such use based on unsupervised classification using machine learning. If such procedure results in satisfying accuracy it will be proposed model for automation of the process for monitoring the illegal building construction based on Sentinel 2A imagery.

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20

Wicaksono, Dava Irfani. "Illegal Immigrants Between Indonesia Australia: How the Law and Policy Solving the Problems?" Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/digest.v2i1.48635.

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In the recent years, cases of illegal immigrants from Indonesia to Australia have been escalated, so Australia itself created a rule that functioned for those dark or illegal immigrants were unable to enter the Territory Australia. The rules are the policy of the rule of the country and the third policy and whether Indonesia itself is a sovereign state that has had an excellent policy in resolving cases of illegal or ilelal immigrants within its territory Own. With the methodology of the juridical approach of Normative, using primary and secondary data, studying and evaluating several principles and legal norms relating to the sovereignty of the State and illegal immigrants obtained from libraries and regulations Then in a qualitative descriptive analysis to derive conclusions. In Indonesia's policy must have been regulated through LAW No. 6 of 2011 on immigration, which is where there is a solution in the case of dark immigrants. But this is still not effective in handling the issue of illegal immigrants and is a partial where it still makes illegal immigrants or illegally victims of casualties and the absence of sanctions and deterrent effects against them. Indonesia should make the national sovereignty principle a guideline for making regulatory policies regarding illegal immigrants.

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21

Rumesten, R.S., Iza, Febrian Febrian, Helmanida Helmanida, and Agus Ngadino. "Community Participation Arrangements to Prevent Illegal Drilling." Hasanuddin Law Review 4, no. 3 (January 6, 2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i3.1291.

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The practice of illegal drilling does not only result in destruction for to the environment, but also result in the social gap, national losses, and people’s lives. It happens to illegal drilling conducted manually using traditional equipment and less operational standard. This illegal drilling may happen because ineffective law applied and no regulation on social participation in the Law of oil and natural gas. This research uses the normative method, the result of research is analyzed qualitatively. The research showed that the active social participation was needed in environmental law enforcement to prevent a great number of illegal drilling practice, the higher level of social participation in environmental law enforcement, and the smaller illegal drilling practice could be. Thus, there must be any act arranging for social participation in enforcing the environmental law arranged in the law No. 22 of 2001 because of those the local societies who get the direct effect of environmental destruction as a result of drilling of oil and natural gas illegally.

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22

Akmam, Noor Rashid Mir, and Siti Nursyakirah Yuslan. "INTERNATIONAL LAW OF SMUGGLING." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 3, no. 2 (September 22, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v3i2.7792.

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Smuggling is the act of carrying goods or people illegally and hidden, like out of a building, into jail, or through of border, Contrary to the law or other regulations. Smuggling encouraged various reasons. These include illegal trade, such as drugs, Immigration and illegal migration, avoid excise, Smuggling of illegal goods to prisoners, or smuggling stolen goods. Another example is the financial motive for it is not like bringing banned items past a security checkpoint (as in airfield) or removal of confidential documents from the state or government officials. Type the smuggling of goods, people and wild creatures.

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23

Lin, Jiunn-Cheng, Jun-Yen Lee, and Wan-Yu Liu. "Risk Analysis of Regions with Suspicious Illegal Logging and Their Trade Flows." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063549.

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To eradicate illegally harvested wood sources in its domestic market, it is critical to conduct risk assessments on wood sourcing in regions with illegal loggings. It is not reliable to use a single indicator to analyze suspicious illegal logging. This study integrates three key global indicators: CPI (Corruption Perceptions Index), HDI (Human Development Indicator), and WGI (The Worldwide Governance Indicators) by applying the entropy weight method to establish a new risk indicator to rank suspicious illegal logging regions. This study aims to establish better risk indicators by considering more factors to assess the risks of illegal logging and its trade flow more reliably. By analyzing roundwood production, Myanmar, Congo, and Nigeria are rated high-risk. Countries such as the U.S., Germany, Canada, and Finland are rated low-risk.

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Xu, Chang, Weizhao Huang, Miao Zhang, Xiaoqing Xiong, Lu Liu, Jiangbo Li, Lan Chun, and Miao Wu. "Design and Implementation of Time Point Approval and Dynamic Monitoring for Rural Illegal Occupation of Farmland for Constructing Houses." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1-2024 (May 11, 2024): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-2024-745-2024.

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Abstract. The illegal occupation of farmland for building houses has impact not only on the land resources, but also the agricultural production, ecological environment, and food security. In order to protect farmland resources, maintain stable agricultural production activities and improve ecological environment, this paper designs and implements a time-point approval and dynamic monitoring solution and system for the problem of rural illegal occupation of farmland for constructing houses by comprehensively utilizing the satellite remote sensing technology (RS) and geographic information system technology (GIS). The result shows that the time-point approval and dynamic monitoring system can identify the illegal construction of houses accurately, thus this work can curb the generation of new illegal houses, and support the special governance of the construction of illegally occupied farmland effectively and continuously.

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25

Schor, Ira. "Illegal Literacy." Journal of Basic Writing 19, no. 1 (2000): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37514/jbw-j.2000.19.1.10.

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Jennings, Vanessa K., Bettina Friese, Ronald S. Moore, and Joel W. Grube. "Doubly Illegal." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v9i2.1431.

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This study investigated sources of alcohol for underage drinkers. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were individually conducted with 47 youths, ages 15-18, who reported drinking within the last 12 months, to explore alcohol access. Theft was one method that some youths reported using to obtain alcohol. In addition to 9% of respondents who reported stealing alcohol from commercial outlets themselves, a total of 26% respondents reported occasions when their close friends stole alcohol. Our findings unveiled that teens had a body of knowledge that some drew upon for stealing alcohol. Youths revealed detailed knowledge about store layout, theft protection devices and store policies. In particular, respondents disclosed knowledge about which aisles have blind spots, how to remove security tops on bottles, and nochase policies. Theft of alcohol from commercial sources may be reduced by examining the weaknesses of existing theft prevention practices, and revising store policies.

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Ponduri, S., and S. Robinson. "Illegal jigs." British Dental Journal 200, no. 4 (February 2006): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4813278.

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Montgomery, James C. "Illegal Images." Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 21, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2014.884394.

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29

Sansom, Clare. "Illegal Software." Biochemist 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02902041.

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30

Newell, Steven Wayne. "Illegal Heart." Religion & Public Education 16, no. 1 (January 1989): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10567224.1989.11488122.

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Mervartová, Jana. "Illegal employment." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072507.

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Since 2007 Labour Code contains the definition of dependent work, which can be carried out only in labour-law relations. The Amendment to Labour Code from 2012 makes the definition more precise, when it stipulates essential elements of dependent work and designates the others as conditions, under which dependent work should be carried out. The Amendment to Employment Act changes the definition of illegal work. Illegal work is a performance of dependent work by natural person except for labour-law relation, or if natural person – foreigner carries out work in conflict with issued permission to employment or without this permission. Since 2012 sanctions for illegal work were increased. Labour inspection is entitled to impose sanctions, in case of foreigners it is Customs Office. For control purposes employer is obliged to have copies of documents at the workplace proving the existence of labour-law relation. Goal of controls and high fines is to limit illegal employment of citizens of Czech Republic and foreigners as well. Illegal work has unfavourable economic impact on state budget. It comes to extensive tax evasions and also to evasions within health insurance and social security. If a concluded commercial-law relation meets the attributes of dependent work, then it stands for a concealed legal relationship. Tax Office can subsequently assess an income tax to businessman. Labour-law relationship enjoys a higher legal protection than commercial-law relationship; nonetheless it is not suitable to limit liberty of contract in cases when it is not unambiguously a dependent activity.

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Guthrie, Robert. "Illegal Contracts." Alternative Law Journal 27, no. 3 (June 2002): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0202700303.

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Skorokhod, Igor. "Illegal state." Juridical Sciences and Education 73, no. 73 (January 6, 2024): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25108/2304-1730-1749.iolr.2023.73.106-114.

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The article gives assessments of certain regulatory legal acts that allow the Republic of Belarus to be called an illegal state. The sociological approach and the formal-legal method showed that at present the split of Belarusian society is obvious. In particular, the polarization of society manifested itself after the presidential elections in 2020. At the same time, the legal acts adopted by the state continue to divide Belarusians into «their» and «strangers». Divide and rule – this can only be done by an illegal state. It is noted that in this regard, the wrong state is constantly in search of enemies (internal and external), while forgetting about the person and his rights. It is concluded that an illegal state takes away a person's rights and freedoms, punishes its citizens for exercising rights and obligations, and also trades rights and labels a person who humiliates his honor and dignity. As a result, a statement is formed that the rule of law is established and controlled by none other than civil society. In such a state, man and his rights are the end, not the means, to achieve ends.

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34

van Dijk, Teun A. "`Illegal Aliens'." Discourse & Society 7, no. 3 (July 1996): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926596007003001.

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Hughes-Pollock, Kate. "Illegal practice." Australian Critical Care 7, no. 2 (June 1994): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(94)70203-4.

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36

Leslie, M. "Illegal Formation." Science of Aging Knowledge Environment 2004, no. 16 (April 21, 2004): nf42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sageke.2004.16.nf42.

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lemay, eric. "Illegal Cheese." Gastronomica 9, no. 1 (2009): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2009.9.1.74.

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Corbitt, Terry. "Illegal software." Computer Fraud & Security Bulletin 1994, no. 1 (January 1994): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-0496(10)80021-9.

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Cumming, Douglas, and Simona Zambelli. "Illegal buyouts." Journal of Banking & Finance 34, no. 2 (February 2010): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2009.08.008.

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Russell, David, and Toby Graham. "Illegal trusts." Trusts & Trustees 22, no. 7 (July 2, 2016): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttw122.

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Rakic, Pasko. "Illegal Immigrations." Neuron 27, no. 3 (September 2000): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00047-7.

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Mohammadi, Reza, Nick Laird, and Hamid Kabir. "Illegal Immigrant." Prairie Schooner 87, no. 4 (2013): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2013.0157.

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Menjívar, Cecilia. "Everyday Illegal." Sociological Forum 31, no. 3 (September 2016): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/socf.12282.

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&NA;. "ILLEGAL DRUGS." Nursing 21, no. 11 (November 1991): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199111000-00038.

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Newman, James. "Illegal deposit." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 19, no. 1 (September 20, 2012): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856512456790.

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Caen, A. J. "Illegal sedation." British Dental Journal 212, no. 9 (May 2012): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.394.

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Goudkamp, James, and Lorenz König. "Illegal Earnings." Journal of European Tort Law 9, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 54–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jetl-2018-0103.

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AbstractThis article addresses the principles of tort law that govern claims in respect of lost illegal earnings. It focuses on common law jurisdictions (and the law in the United Kingdom in particular) where such claims, despite apparently being commonplace, have been largely ignored by academics. It describes the existing law and calls in aid in this regard a four-fold taxonomy of cases. The article then turns attention to how claims in respect of lost illegal earnings ought to be decided. At this juncture, the article looks to ideas emanating from German tort law, which has developed a highly sophisticated jurisprudence on the subject of illegal earnings. The German approach, stated simply, requires tort law to defer to rules in other departments of private law. If, for example, contract law would not protect an interest that a claimant has in a particular transaction by reason of the transaction being tainted with illegality, tort law will not allow a claimant indirectly to obtain the benefits of that transaction via a claim for lost illegal earnings. It is argued that the German solution holds considerable promise and merits consideration as a serious alternative to the significantly more complicated principles that the common law courts have developed, which principles currently lack any thoroughgoing rationalisation.

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Wettstein, Robert M. "Illegal drugs." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 9, no. 3 (1991): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370090302.

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Patel, Saifuddin, Akriti Kaushik, and Arindam Baruah. "Illegal migrants’ :." Jindal Journal of Public Policy 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjpp.v6i1.149.

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The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 is one of the most controversial pieces of legislation passed by the Parliament against popular opinion and amidst worldwide protests. Its prima facie discriminatory and arbitrary provisions intend to grant citizenship based on religion to people coming from selective countries. 4 While most scholars have debated on the religious aspect , there has hardly been any debate on the vagueness in terms of definitions and implementation. This paper shall attempt to delve into these issues and analyse the manner in which these issues make the legislation short-sighted and unimplementable owing to ambiguities. Further, it shall also look into allied policy decisions that make way for the Amendment of 2019. Examining the contradictions and ambiguities in the definition, or lack thereof, of the term ‘illegal migrant’ and detailing the implications it holds for people seeking Indian citizenship will be the aim of this paper.

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Putra, Riko, Hafiz Rahman, and Alfitman. "ILLEGAL ENTREPRENEUR: NECESSITY BASE ENTREPRENEUR OR OPPORTUNITY BASE ENTREPRENEUR (Exploratory Study of Illegal Entrepreneurship in Padang City)." Journal Publicuho 7, no. 3 (August 15, 2024): 1343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v7i3.495.

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The development of business opportunities and life demands have led many entrepreneurs to operate illegally, including those in Padang City, West Sumatra. This study aims to understand the motivations behind illegal entrepreneurs in Padang City, West Sumatra, for starting their businesses. The research employs a qualitative method using thematic analysis with NVivo 12 Plus software for data processing. The findings reveal that the motivations for illegal entrepreneurship in Padang City are driven partly by necessity (Necessity-Based Entrepreneur) and partly by the recognition of business opportunities (Opportunity-Based Entrepreneur). Necessity-based illegal entrepreneurship is observed in the sand mining sector and the counterfeit products sector. Conversely, opportunity-based entrepreneurship is identified in the thrifting sector and also in the counterfeit products sector. Additionally, the study finds that some illegal entrepreneurs are driven by personal interests or comfort, particularly in the thrifting and sand mining sectors. Generally, illegal businesses in Padang City operate without permits and do not pay taxes. A portion of these entrepreneurs are unaware of the legal consequences of their activities, while others are cognizant of the potential repercussions of engaging in illegal businesses.

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