Academic literature on the topic 'Illinois. Natural History Survey'
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Journal articles on the topic "Illinois. Natural History Survey"
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Sabaj, Mark H., Kevin S. Cummings, and Lawrence M. Page. "Annotated Catalog of Type Specimens in the Illinois Natural History Survey Fish Collection." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 35, no. 1-5 (October 31, 1997): 253–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v35.130.
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The Fish Collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) dates back to the late 1800s and the extensive surveys of Illinois fishes led by Dr. Stephen A. Forbes, director of the Survey's predecessor, the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History (ISLNH). From 1876 to 1903 Forbes, assisted by his esteemed colleague Robert E. Richardson and numerous field and laboratory personnel, collected and preserved over 200,000 specimens from more than 450 localities distributed in 93 of the 102 counties of Illinois. During this time, the ISLNH Collection served as the basis for several catalogs of Illinois fishes (Nelson 1876; Jordan 1878a; Forbes 1884; Large 1903), and provided material for the description of at least 25 species. This work culminated in the classic Fishes of Illinois written by Forbes and Richardson, published by the Survey in 1909 and reprinted in 1920 (although no publication date is given for the original volume, H.C. Oesterling, former INHS editor, lists the date as 1909 in Howard 1932:46). Accompanied by a separate atlas of distribution maps of 98 species, this comprehensive treatment of the state's ichthyofauna still is recognized as one of the finest publications on fishes. The INHS Fish Collection was expanded by Dr. Philip W. Smith, who worked as a systematic biologist at the Survey from 1942 until his retirement in 1979 (Burr and Page 1987). Over a period of 1 1 years from 1962 to 1972, Smith assembled a large collection of fishes from Illinois and neighboring states. The ichthyological surveys conducted by Smith, his students, and INHS staff led to the publication of a second Fishes of Illinois (Smith 1979). Smith's monograph provided identification keys, information on the ecology and taxonomy of Illinois fishes, and detailed distribution maps that documented changes in the state's fish fauna that had occurred since the survey of Forbes and Richardson. The size and geographic scope of the INHS collection have been considerably expanded in the past three decades; the collection now contains about 7 1 1 ,000 cataloged specimens (over 7 1 ,000 lots) of more than 1,800 species. A recent literature survey identified over 250 publications citing the use of INHS specimens over the past 40 years. Included are two publications that have greatly advanced both the professional and popular understanding of North American fishes: the Handbook of Darters (Page 1983) and A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico (Page and Burr 1991).
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Crane, J. L., and Pamela P. Tazik. "Catalog of Types of the Illinois Natural History Survey Mycological Collections (ILLS)." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 34, no. 1-6 (May 31, 1992): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v34.136.
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The Survey's mycological collection now contains approximately 300 type specimens, 800 Myxomycetes, 1,200 lower fungi, 10.000 Ascomycetes, 13,200 Fungi Imperfecti, 17,000 Basidiomycetes. and 5.000 lichens, for a total of 47.500 specimens. This catalog provides information for each type specimen on the binomial, the full name and initials of the authorities, the place of publication, the category of type, substrate or host, locality data, date of collection, collector, and accession number. The categories of type specimens follow the Botanical Code (Grueter et al. 1988. Article 7).
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JOHANSON, KJELL A., and TOBIA S. MALM. "Seven new Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) Johanson, 2002 from the Neotropical region and Nearctic Mexico (Insecta: Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae)." Zootaxa 1208, no. 1 (May 22, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1208.1.1.
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Seven new species of Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) Johanson 2002 (Helicopsychidae) are described from Mexico (H. curvipalpia new species), Panama (H. blantoni new species, H. chiriquensis new species, H. linguata new species, and H. sanblasensis new species), and Brazil (H. paprockii new species and H. cipoensis new species) based on adult material borrowed from the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), Washington, D. C. and the Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA. New records are given for H. sinuata Denning & Blickle from Mexico, and H. incisa Ross and H. woldai Johanson from Panama.
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XU, DELIANG, CHRISTOPHER H. DIETRICH, M. D. WEBB, and YALIN ZHANG. "A new species of the Oriental leafhopper genus Kutara Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Vietnam." Zootaxa 4772, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4772.3.8.
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The Oriental leafhopper genus Kutara Distant, 1908 (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini: Paraboloponina) is newly recorded from Vietnam with description of a new species K. trispinosa Xu & Zhang sp. nov.. An updated checklist, with distribution and a key to males of Kutara, are also provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN) and the Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA (INHS).
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Yeatter, Ralph E. "The Prairie Chicken in Illinois." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 22, no. 1-7 (December 31, 2019): 377–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v22.253.
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The present report summarizes a study of the biology and management of the greater prairie chicken in Illinois, a study begun in 1935 by members of the Section of Game Research and Management of the Illinois Natural History Survey. The summers of 1935 and 1936 were spent in full-time field work in southeastern Illinois. Since that time, supplemental studies of prairie chicken habits, requirements and distribution have been continued in various parts of the state. Annuallysince 1935, spring and fall censuses have been made on 4 square miles of prairie chicken range in Jasper County used as a study area. The present report includes data on earlv distribution, present range, life history, populations, mortality causes, food habits and management of the prairie chicken in Illinois.
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Godfrey, George L., John K. Bouseman, Kenneth L. Robertson, and Robert M. Zewadski. "125 years of biological research 1858-1983." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 33, no. 1-4 (September 30, 1985): 139–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v33.139.
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The Illinois Natural History Survey celebrated its 125th anniversary in 1983 by hosting a series of special events for its friends and staff. Two of them were the 125th Anniversary Symposium and Luncheon held on 24 September 1983 at Urbana, and the contents of this commemorative bulletin are based on the papers and summary comments presented at those two functions. The proclamation from Governor James R. Thompson, recognizing the importance of the Survey to the people of Illinois (Frontispiece), was read at the luncheon. The papers contributed to the symposium were selected on the basis of recommendations solicited from the staffs of the Survey's research sections: Aquatic Biology, Botany and Plant Pathology, Economic Entomology, Faunistic Surveys and Insect Identification, and Wildlife Research. The papers presented by Survey staff members do not adequately reflect either past or present programs in totol, i.e., they are indicative, not definitive.
Editorial Committee: George L. Godfrey, ChairmanJohn K. BousemanWilliam R. EdwardsKenneth R. RobertsonRobert M. Zewadski
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Favret, C., and R. E. Dewalt. "Comparing the Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera Specimen Databases at the Illinois Natural History Survey and Using Them to Document Changes in the Illinois Fauna." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0035:cteaps]2.0.co;2.
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Page, Lawrence M., and Michael R. Jeffords. "Our Living Heritage: the Biological Resources of Illinois." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 34, no. 1-6 (April 30, 1991): 357–477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v34.134.
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We live in a world of near continuous monitoring. In our automobiles we monitor the status of fuel, oil pressure, temperature, and seat belts through gauges, lights, and electronic voices. The consumption of electricity and fuel in our homes is monitored as is the chlorine in our drinking water and the alcohol in our beer. Manufacturers retain quality assurance inspectors and issue warrantees and guarantees to convince us that all is well. We monitor our schools and measure our own progress through grades and proficiency scores. It seemed appropriate, therefore, that the Illinois Natural History Survey should take a measure of the living natural resources of Illinois by bringing together a knowledgeable group of persons to summarize the state of the State. In order to share this information and to provide an opportunity for discussion, a symposium, "Our Living Heritage: The Biological Resources of Illinois," was sponsored by the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources and organized by the Survey. The event, timed to coincide with Earth Day 1990 celebrations, was held on April 2.^ and 24 on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It was attended by nearly 250 professional scientists from some 50 agencies and institutions along with a number of interested and dedicated citizens. To share the results of that symposium with an even larger audience, we have issued this publication of its proceedings.
To address the salient features of the living resources of Illinois in an ordered fashion, the symposium was presented in five sessions: forests, prairies and barrens, wetlands, streams and caves, and agro-urban ecology. When we consider that only (.).59t of Illinois remains in undisturbed natural areas, that Illinois ranks 46th among states in publicly owned open space per person, that forest acreage has decreased by 73% in the past century and tallgrass prairie by over 99%, that 85% of our wetlands have been lost, that soil erosion proceeds at the rate of 200 million tons per year, and that approximately 30,000 tons of herbicide and 3,500 tons of insecticides are used annually on agricultural crops in Illinois, we can scarcely imagine the tone of the symposium to have been anything but pessimistic. In part, there was discouragement, but it was tempered by positive developments, including the designation of the Middle Fork of the Vermilion River as a National Wild and Scenic River, the acquisition of the Cache River Basin, the initiation of a study to identify high-quality Illinois streams based on biodiversity, and the ever quickening actions of the Nature Preserves Commission.
Preservation/conservation has been in conflict with consumption/development since the days of Theodore Roosevelt. At times one side seems to prevail over the other, but the balance has been clearly on the side of consumption. Special interest groups have to a considerable extent managed to give the word environmentalist a pejorative cast and the word development a positive ring. During the past decade, the executive branch of the federal government has determinedly downplayed environmental concerns, and that stance has been translated into inertia in a number of federal agencies with responsibility for natural resources. The focus of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, for example, has until very recently ignored the living components of the environment. At the same time, public sensitivity to environmental concerns has dramatically increased, primarily through public service television and other media-generated presentations on tropical deforestation, extinction of species, depletion of the ozone layer, agro-chemical contamination of groundwater, and the effects of acid rain. Some of this concern is now being transformed into political action. Polls suggest that the public understanding of environmental matters is quite high, and some beheve that it exceeds the perceptions of elected officials. A Green Party has emerged in this country only very recently, but Greens are a part of both major political parties and the trend in federal legislation may soon begin to sway in favor of conservation/preservation and away from consumption/development. The National Institutes for the Environment may well become a reality within the next several years. Within this tentatively encouraging national picture, the symposium was timely indeed.
One symposium event of special interest cannot be documented in these proceedings — the "citizens respond" program of Monday evening, April 23—and I would like to note it here. Michael Jeffords and Susan Post of the Survey opened that session with a mulitmedia presentation on the biodiversity of Illinois. Their slides of representative plants and animals and habitats of the natural divisions of Illinois brought home to us the beauty and fragility that can yet be discovered in the landscape of our state. A panel presentation by five environmental activists followed: Clark Bullard, Office of Energy Research at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Max Hutchison, Natural Land Institute of The Nature Conservancy; Lawrence Page of the Illinois Natural History Survey; Donna Prevedell, farmwife and contributing editor to the Progressive Farmer, and Michael Reuter, Volunteer Stewardship Network of The Nature Conservancy. They spoke briefly but openly on preservation activities in which they had been closely involved. The discussion was then turned over to the audience, who asked questions and shared their experiences—successes and failures—with preservation efforts.
I urge you to read on in order to understand the status of the biological resources of Illinois and to appreciate how much remains to be accomplished to secure their future—and ours. I would be remiss, however, if I did not conclude by acknowledging the committee of Survey staff who planned and conducted the symposium: Lawrence Page, Michael Jeffords, Joyce Hofmann, Susan Post, Louis Iverson, and Audrey Hodgins. Their efforts included developing the program, arranging for speakers and facilities, producing and mailing promotional materials, and welcomine the audience. Without their enthusiasm and hard work, the symposium v^ould not have materialized and our understanding of the biological resources of Illinois would be much diminished.
Lorin I. Nevling. ChiefIllinois Natural History Suney
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SONG, YUEHUA, and ZIZHONG LI. "First record of the leafhopper genus Plumosa Sohi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, with description of a new species." Zootaxa 1879, no. 1 (September 17, 2008): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1879.1.4.
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The leafhopper genus Plumosa was erected by Sohi (1977). It belongs to the tribe Erythroneurini of Typhlocybinae with Plumosa emarginata Sohi, 1977 from India as its type species. Until now, there have been no further reports on this genus. Here the genus is reported for the first time from China and a new Chinese species is described and illustrated. The type specimens are deposited to the collection of the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou (IEGU) and Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS).
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Webb, Donald W. "Winter Stoneflies of Illinois (Insecta: Plecoptera)." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 36, no. 1-5 (December 31, 2002): 195–274. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v36.880.
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Winter stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) are an aquatic group of insects whose adults emerge in IIlinois from late November to early April. Twenty-one species have been reported from Illinois. Extensive collections of winter stoneflies were made in Illinois during the 1920s and 1930s by Frison, the 1960s by Ross and “the winter stonefly club’, and the 1990s by Webb. These specimens are housed in the Insect Collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey and allowed for an evaluation of the current status of these species following a century of environmental change.Over the past century (1900-2000), the species diversity of winter stoneflies averaged 2.5 species per county with species reported from every county but 3 (Carroll, DuPage, Ford) and with 10 counties recording 5 or more species. Pope County (13 species) reported the greatest species diversity. During the recent resurvey (1976-2000), species diversity average 1.9 species per county withspecimens not collected in 11 counties, and only 3 counties (Hardin, Pope, and Saline) exhibited 5 or more species.Four species are considered extirpated from Illinois: Allocapnia illinoensis, Nemocapnia carolina, Paracapnia angulata, and Taeniopteryx parvula. Seven species were found to be common (known from more than 15 localities): Allocapnia forbesi, A. granulata, A. mystica, A. rickeri, A. vivipara, Taeniopteryx burksi, and T: nivalis. Four species are considered uncommon (known from 4—15localities): Allocapnia recta, Strophopteryx fasciata, Taeniopteryx metequi and Zealeuctra claasseni. Six species are considered rare (known from 1-3 localities): Allocapnia nivicola, A. smithi, Prostoia completa, Taeniopteryx lita, Zealeuctra fraxina, and Z. narfi. Significantly reduced patterns of distribution were noted in three species: A. granulata, A. mystica, and Strophopteryx fasciata. OnlyTaeniopteryx nivalis, previously rare, is now spreading its distribution across northern Illinois.There has been a modest decline during the past century in the diversity of stonefly species within various counties. Also, a trend was observed toward an increase in pollution-tolerant, “generalist” species with a decrease in pollution-sensitive, habitat “specialists.”
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Illinois. Natural History Survey"
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Reelitz, Andrea L. "A survey of pre-World War II architecture in Greenville, Illinois." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020162.
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This creative project, "A Survey of Pre-World War II Architecture in Greenville, Illinois," involved completing a windshield survey and a more comprehensive study of designated areas in order to identify resources which are significant to the historic character of Greenville's commercial district and residential neighborhoods. Greenville, Illinois is a small, rural city in south central Illinois having a population of about 5,500. A general lack of awareness to the architectural and historical resources in Greenville's residential neighborhoods has been present for some time, which has resulted in demolitions and endangered buildings. This survey will help promote public awareness of Greenville's architectural resources, which is a first step toward preserving these resources. An article by Thomas J. Powell supports this view, "Today, the cultural-resources survey is recognized as the underpinning of any successful preservation effort, and not just in big arenas like Chicago and Washington, D.C." Now is the best time to create public awareness to the historic resources still existent in Greenville and the need to preserve these irreplaceable structures. The groundwork for a more extensive preservation movement in Greenville has been laid with its participation in the National Main Street Program. This creative project will provide many opportunities to educate the public by defining possible historic districts, identifying and explaining the dominant styles and types of architecture present and by making recommendations for future use of the survey. It will also serve as a useful tool to promote historic preservation, to raise public awareness to Greenville's historic architecture, and as a starting point for a continuing survey of Greenville's historic resources.Department of Architecture
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Agüero-Eklund, Hedda. "Natural history of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias : findings from a population survey /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/19980306ague.
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Harris, Mervyn. "Skeletal manifestations of systematic disease in ancient Egypt and Nubia : a survey of mummy radiographs and skeletal remains from collections contained in the British, Natural History and Liverpool Museums." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531587.
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Honskus, Adam. "Pojetí výuky paleontologie na základních školách." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387932.
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This diploma thesis is focused on the teaching of paleontology and historical geology at the 2nd level of primary school within the educational subject of natural history. The theoretical part summarizes a problematic of paleontology in the Czech Republic, including its historical development, and presents the system of curricular documents of the Czech Republic primarily the Framework Education Program for Elementary Education. The main aim of the thesis is to compile five thematic teaching blocks from historical geology, which can be used in the teaching of natural history at the primary school and in the corresponding levels of multi-year grammar schools. The practical part described the teaching blocks including their methodology and three research surveys thematically aimed to identification of students' interest in paleontology within the blocks, students' ideas about an appearance of the dinosaurs, and their evaluation of dinosaur images from various popular books, feature films and toys. The interest of students in the teaching blocks was evaluated using a questionnaire survey (113 participates). A "correct" appearance of the dinosaurs was studied by comparing drawings of dinosaurs with four characteristic features drawn by 107 pupils. The evaluation of dinosaur images was carried out by...
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Panský, Martin. "Distanční výuka přírodopisu během mimořádných opatření v 2. pololetí školního roku 2019/2020." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445813.
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TITLE: Distance Teaching of Natural History During Emergency Measures in the 2nd Half of the School Year 2019/2020 AUTHOR: Martin Panský DEPARTMENT: Department of Biology and Environmental Studies SUPERVISOR: Ing. Jan Andreska, PhD. ABSTRACT: The topic of the diploma thesis is a distance teaching of natural history at primary schools during emergency measures in the second half of the school year 2019/2020, when, in response to a pandemic situation, the physical presence of pupils in schools was banned, both in the Czech Republic and in the most of the countries in the world. This was a completely new situation, to which it was necessary to respond flexibly and systemically in order for teaching to continue to work, at least to a limited extent. The aim of the work was to summarize the experience of science and biology teachers at primary schools in the Czech Republic coming from distance education in the second half of the school year 2019/2020. Moreover this thesis is focuing on naming critical points in distance education of given subjects, defining distance learning opportunities and examining whether such a situation will have further implications for the future form of our education. To meet these goals, I decided to conduct an extensive questionnaire survey, in which I managed to get over 700...
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Meyer, Carsten. "Limitations in Global Information on Species Occurrences." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-86AF-3.
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Detaillierte Informationen über die Verbreitungsareale von Arten sind essentiell für die Beantwortung zentraler Fragen der Ökologie, Evolutionsbiologie und Biogeographie. Solche Informationen sind auch notwendig, um Naturschutzressourcen kostenwirksam zwischen verschiedenen Regionen und Maßnahmen zu verteilen. Unser Wissen über Artverbreitungen beruht vor allem auf Punktdaten, die das Vorkommen einer bestimmten Art an einem bestimmten Ort zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt belegen (nachstehend „Records“). Riesige Mengen solcher Records wurden über internationale Data-Sharing-Netzwerke mobilisiert, allen voran durch die Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Auch wenn diese Netzwerke die Zugänglichkeit zu solchen Informationen enorm verbessert haben, ist unser Wissen über globale Artverbreitungen immer noch äußerst lückenhaft und von grober räumlicher Auflösung – der sogenannte Wallace’sche Wissensrückstand. Vorhandene Informationen enthalten zudem zahlreiche Unsicherheiten, Fehler und Daten-‘Biases’. Diese könnten durch Ort-spezifische Faktoren wie Zugänglichkeit oder durch artspezifische Faktoren, wie Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit, verursacht werden. Zukünftiges Sammeln und Mobilisieren von Informationen sollte so gestaltet werden, dass der erreichte Nutzen der Records für Forschung und Naturschutz maximiert wird. Hierfür ist ein tiefgehendes Verständnis der Lücken, Unsicherheiten und Biases in den Informationen sowie der sie verursachenden Faktoren notwendig. Bisher wurden diese Mängel in globalen Artverbreitungsinformationen niemals quantitativ untersucht. Mit meiner Dissertation liefere ich die ersten globalen Analysen zu Mängeln von digital verfügbaren Verbreitungsinformationen für terrestrische Wirbeltiere und Landpflanzen.
Ich habe >300 Millionen Records für Landpflanzen und drei Gruppen terrestrischer Wirbeltiere (Amphibien, Säugetiere, Vögel) über GBIF abgerufen. Diese Informationen habe ich mit taxonomischen Datenbanken sowie unabhängigen Verbreitungskarten und Checklisten verbunden. Auf Grundlage der erstellten Datensätze habe ich unterschiedliche Formen von Informations-Mängeln für verschiedene taxonomische Gruppen und auf mehreren räumlichen Maßstäben untersucht. In Kapitel I habe Daten-Abdeckung sowie Daten-Unsicherheiten in Informationen zu Pflanzenvorkommen jeweils in Bezug auf Taxonomie, Raum und Zeit quantifiziert. Für diese insgesamt 6 Maße habe in anschließend Variation in den drei Dimensionen (Taxonomie, Raum, Zeit) gemessen. Zudem habe ich mithilfe von paarweisen Spearman-Rang-Korrelationen und Hauptkomponentenanalysen die Zusammenhänge zwischen diesen verschiedenen Formen von Informationsmängeln analysiert. In Kapitel II habe ich anhand von terrestrischen Wirbeltieren zwei spezielle Aspekte von Datenabdeckung zwischen geographischen Regionen verglichen: i) die Datendichte und ii) die Vollständigkeit der abgedeckten Arten. Durch Multi-Modell-Analysen habe ich die Effekte von zwölf potentiellen sozioökonomischen Einflussfaktoren auf Informationsmängel verglichen, und zwar einzeln für jede der drei Wirbeltiergruppen auf jeder von vier verschiedenen räumlichen Auflösungen. In Kapitel III habe ich anhand von Säugetieren drei Aspekte von Datenabdeckung zwischen einzelnen Arten verglichen: i) die Anzahl von Records pro Art, ii) die räumliche Abdeckung der Verbreitungsareale durch Records, und iii) den räumlichen Bias in der Abdeckung verschiedener Teile der Verbreitungsareale. Durch Multi-Modell-Analysen und Variations-Partitionierung habe ich die Effekte von verschiedenen Artmerkmalen, Größe und Form der Verbreitungsareale sowie von sozioökonomischen Faktoren untersucht. Diese Analysen habe ich auf globalem Maßstab sowie einzeln für sechs zoogeographische Gebiete durchgeführt.
In meiner Dissertation habe ich in allen untersuchten Aspekten von Artverbreitungsinformationen starke Biases gefunden. Die Anzahl von Records variierte um mehrere Größenordnungen zwischen Arten und zwischen geographischen Gebieten. Verschiedene Maße von Datenabdeckung und Datenunsicherheiten zeigten klare taxonomische, geographische und zeitliche Muster. Ich fand beispielsweise Höchstwerte von taxonomischer Abdeckung in industrialisierten westlichen Ländern, aber auch in einigen tropischen Gebieten wie Mexiko. Im Gegensatz dazu gab es in weiten Teilen Afrikas und Asiens entweder gar keine oder nur sehr veraltete Informationen. Da taxonomische, räumliche und zeitliche Abdeckung jeweils durch die Anzahl der Records numerisch eingeschränkt sind, fand ich zwischen diesen Maßen gemäßigte bis starke positive Korrelationen. Maße von Datenunsicherheiten hingegen korrelierten kaum untereinander oder mit Datenabdeckungsmaßen.
In Kapitel II habe ich den Einfluss von zwölf potentiellen sozioökonomischen Einflussfaktoren auf Datendichte und Datenvollständigkeit von geographischen Artgemeinschaften untersucht. Nur vier hatten einen durchweg für alle untersuchten Wirbeltiergruppen und räumlichen Auflösungen starken Einfluss. Dies waren der Endemitenreichtum, die räumliche Nähe zu Daten-beisteuernden Institutionen, politische Mitgliedschaft im GBIF-Netzwerk, sowie lokal verfügbare Forschungsgelder. Andere Faktoren, von denen man oft annimmt, dass sie eine große Rolle spielen würden, hatten einen erstaunlich geringen Einfluss, wie z.B. Verkehrsinfrastruktur oder Größe und Finanzausstattungen westlicher Daten-beisteuernder Institutionen. Meine Analysen in Kapitel III ergaben, dass die vier in Kapitel II identifizierten sozioökonomischen Schlüsselfaktoren ebenfalls einen starken Einfluss auf Artverbreitungsinformationen auf der Ebene von einzelnen Arten hatten. Jedoch unterschied sich ihre relative Wichtigkeit deutlich zwischen geographischen Gebieten. Zwischenartliche Unterschiede in Verbreitungsinformationen waren zudem sehr stark durch Größe und Form der Verbreitungsareale beeinflusst. Dies unterstützt meine Hypothese, dass diese geometrischen Faktoren die Wahrscheinlichkeit beeinflussen, dass sich Verbreitungsgebiete bestimmter Arten mit Untersuchungsgebieten von Feldforschern überschneiden, was wiederum Aufswirkungen auf die Wahrscheinlichkeiten hat, mit denen diese Arten besammelt werden. Entgegen unserer Annahmen hatten Artmerkmale wie etwa Nachtaktivität, die das Entdecken oder Sammeln bestimmter Arten wahrscheinlich machen sollten, kaum einen Einfluss auf zwischenartliche Unterschiede in Verbreitungsinformationen.
Die Ergebnisse meiner Dissertation lassen wichtige Schlussfolgerungen darüber zu, wie mobilisierte Artverbreitungsinformationen effizient genutzt und verbessert werden können. Erstens belegen meine Ergebnisse schwerwiegende Mängel in digital verfügbaren Artverbreitungsinformationen, insbesondere für Gebiete und Arten von besonderer Wichtigkeit für den Naturschutz. Zweitens zeigen sie, dass für die allermeisten Arten feiner aufgelöste Informationen nur durch Artverbreitungsmodelle erreicht werden können, die mit geringen Datenmengen auskommen, die starke Datenunsicherheiten und Biases innehaben. Eine vielversprechende Methode, um in solchen Modellen mit Biases umzugeben, ist das explizite Einbeziehen der Bias-verursachenden Faktoren in die Modelle, und meine Ergebnisse bieten hilfreiche Anhaltspunkte für die Auswahl relevanter Faktoren. Drittens schaffen meine Ergebnisse eine empirische Grundlage zur Überwachung von Fortschritten in der Verbesserung weltweiter Artverbreitungsinformationen. Schließlich schafft mein Identifizieren der global wichtigsten Informations-limitierenden Faktoren sowie das Unterscheiden verschiedener Informationsaspekte eine Grundlage dafür, um Aktivitäten zu identifizieren, die Datenmängel effektiv beheben können. Als wichtigste Aktivitäten empfehle ich unter anderem i) das Unterstützen von Bemühungen zur Datenmobilisierung in Institutionen, die in geographischer Nähe zu datenarmen Gebieten liegen, ii) das Fördern von Kooperation zwischen großen Schwellenländern und Data-Sharing-Netzwerken, iii) die Durchführung von neuen Biodiversitäts-Surveys im zentralen Afrika und südlichen Asien, um weitgehend veraltete Informationen zu aktualisieren, und iv) das Verschieben des Fokus von Datensammel- und Datenmobilisierungsbemühungen auf Asien sowie Arten mit begrenzten Verbreitungsarealen.
Books on the topic "Illinois. Natural History Survey"
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Illinois. Natural History Survey Division. Illinois Natural History Survey bulletin. Champaign, Ill: The Survey, 1987.
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Illinois. Natural History Survey Division. Annotated catalog of type specimens in the Illinois Natural History Survey Fish Collection. Champaign, Ill.]: Illinois Natural History Survey, 1997.
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Crane, J. L. Catalog of types of the Illinois Natural History Survey mycological collections (ILLS). Champaign, Ill: Illinois Natural History Survey, 1992.
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Godfrey, George Lawrence. Microlepidoptera from the Sandy Creek and Illinois River Region: An annotated checklist of the suborders Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (in part) (Insecta). Champaign, Ill: Illinois Natural History Survey, 1987.
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McPherson, Alan. Fifty nature walks in southern Illinois. Vienna, IL: Cache River Press, 1993.
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Fifty nature walks in southern Illinois. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Cache River Press, 2005.
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Museum, New Brunswick. Survey of Natural History Collection in New Brunswick. S.l: s.n, 1986.
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L, Riley J. Ecological survey of the Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve. [Peterborough]: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Region, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Illinois. Natural History Survey"
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Xu, Feiyu, Hans Uszkoreit, Yangzhou Du, Wei Fan, Dongyan Zhao, and Jun Zhu. "Explainable AI: A Brief Survey on History, Research Areas, Approaches and Challenges." In Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, 563–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32236-6_51.
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Wohl, Ellen E. "Natural History of the Illinois River." In Wide Rivers Crossed: The South Platte and the Illinois of the American Prairie, 149–91. University Press of Colorado, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5876/9781607322313.c05.
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Campney, Brent M. S. "Indiana during Reconstruction." In Hostile Heartland, 54–73. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042492.003.0004.
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This chapter explores the response of whites in Indiana to the influx of blacks from the South and their concentration within the state during Reconstruction. First, it examines white efforts to subordinate blacks, especially during the surges of racist violence which marked the beginning and end of this period. Second, it explores the motivations for this violence, particularly its overtly political nature during the Exodus of 1879-1880, when a surge of southern blacks threatened, whites feared, to tip the electoral balance between Republicans and Democrats. Third, it analyzes the geographical patterns associated with this violence, including the proliferation of sundown towns. Finally, it assesses the implications of this violence for the history of Indiana and situates it in the historiography of the Midwest generally.
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Walczynski, Mark. "1841–1885: Wait! Its Heart Is Still Beating." In The History of Starved Rock, 163–72. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748240.003.0011.
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This chapter illustrates the growing public interest in Starved Rock. Privately owned starting in 1835, Starved Rock was the domain of Daniel Hitt. In time, private development of the Starved Rock region grew. The adjacent property south and east of Starved Rock was purchased by private individuals, mainly farmers, industrious people whose labor brought forth the promise of the underdeveloped lands of Illinois that had years before been reclaimed by nature. In addition to tillable land, the farmers utilized erodible land for pasture to feed domestic livestock. In 1867, the US Army Corps of Engineers dispatched a party of cartographers to map the Illinois River. In September and October of 1883, another group of Army engineers under the supervision of W. H. H. Benyaurd surveyed the Illinois River. By the close of the nineteenth century, mining and industry were becoming an important part of the Starved Rock area's economy.
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Kempker, Erin M. "Women’s Experience in Cold War America." In Big Sister, 15–37. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041976.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 surveys Cold War America and looks at the experience of American women coming out of World War II. This chapter explains the history of world federalism and the desire for increased global cooperation after two world wars in the twentieth century. It also introduces important anticommunist organizations that challenged world government, like Pro America, the Minute Women, and the John Birch Society and activism in Indiana. Finally, it discusses rightwing women’s politics during the postwar era. Like their leftwing counterparts active in Women Strike for Peace, the labor movement, and the civil rights movement, rightwing women were intensely active during the 1950s and 1960s. In that way, they too defy the notion of apolitical housewives and offer more proof that American women were “not June Cleaver,” but unlike their leftist counterparts, they rooted their political activism in maternalism and essentialized the nature of women to include antisubversive political activity.
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Blevins, Brooks. "The Primitive Ozarks." In A History of the Ozarks, Volume 1, 11–20. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041914.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 briefly charts the prehistory of the Ozark uplift, including the natural history of the creation of the St. Francis Mountains at the core of the region and the severely eroded plateau that surrounds them. This chapter also charts the arrival of homo sapiens and their development through the various epochs identified by anthropologists. In spite of myths and exaggerations such as the Bluff Dwellers, the prehistoric peoples of the Ozarks tended to follow the broad contours of development noted elsewhere on the continent.
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Brooks, Tisha M. "Merging Print and Digital Literacies in the African American Literature Classroom." In Teaching with Digital Humanities, 228–44. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042232.003.0015.
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Tisha Brooks writes about a digital anthology assignment in her 200-level African American literature survey in which students act as “knowledge curators.” Brooks’s assignments use literary and visual texts to “bridge multiple literacies and historical gaps,” and to encourage students to think critically about representations of violence against black bodies. Student work culminates in a group digital anthology project that helps them “move from mere consumers of knowledge to critical thinkers who use the archive to make meaning of its artifacts and the history and literature connected to them.” By selecting multimedia artifacts across periods, students become adept at representing the historical continuities between past and present.
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Stricker, Frank. "The U.S. Unemployment Rate." In American Unemployment, 137–50. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043154.003.0007.
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Creating a scientific survey of unemployment in the 1930s and 1940s was an advance for people’s understanding of unemployment and for rational government policy. Many government officials, including Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins and agencies including the Census Bureau, the Works Progress Administration, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), deserve credit for the achievement. However, today’s BLS unemployment rate omits too many people, and the low count weakens support for job-creation programs. This chapter offers a short history and a critique. It explains and evaluates the official rate, discusses hidden unemployment, including discouraged workers and other labor-force dropouts, evaluates alternative unemployment rates, including the BLS’s U-6 and the National Jobs for All Coalition’s rate, and examines the idea of full employment.
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Walczynski, Mark. "1886–1911: It Will Always Be Sitting Here, Beautiful." In The History of Starved Rock, 173–85. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748240.003.0012.
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This chapter details how Chicago businessman Ferdinand Walther purchased Starved Rock from Daniel Hitt to turn it into a private park that included a “first class health and summer resort.” Walther's hotel opened in June of 1891. Despite the success of the venture, the improvement of the site, the satisfaction of the guests, and the positive impact on the local economy, the clamor for land to be set aside for public use continued to grow. Citizens of Illinois wanted public ownership of the site. Further, with an interest in safeguarding the natural beauty of the Rock, the public wanted to eliminate the risk of destruction that was inherent in private ownership of the land. On December 20, 1911, the property was officially transferred to the State of Illinois. The State of Illinois then used the next five months preparing to open the new state park. Starved Rock State Park was first opened under state management on May 1, 1912.
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Hughes, Richard T. "The Myth of Nature’s Nation." In Myths America Lives By, 60–81. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042065.003.0003.
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The American myth of Nature’s Nation claims that the United States, and especially its founding documents, owe nothing to human history but reflect the natural order as it came from the hands of the Creator. Accordingly, the Declaration of Independence speaks of “self-evident truths,” rooted in “Nature and Nature’s God.” But the founders read into the natural order the long-standing myth of White Supremacy. In this way, the myth of Nature’s Nation became a tool for exclusion and oppression of people of color. In his “Notes on the State of Virginia,” Thomas Jefferson even argued that black inferiority was nature’s own decree. From an early date, blacks fought back. David Walker led that charge with his 1829 book, Walker’s Appeal . . . to the Coloured Citizens of the World. In the twenty-first century, other black writers—especially Toni Morrison and Ta-Nehisi Coates—unmasked the ways in which the myth of White Supremacy is embedded in the American myth of Nature’s Nation.
Conference papers on the topic "Illinois. Natural History Survey"
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Winstanley, Derek, Nani G. Bhowmik, Stanley A. Changnon, and Mark E. Peden. "History of the Illinois State Water Survey." In Environmental and Water Resources History Sessions at ASCE Civil Engineering Conference and Exposition 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40650(2003)13.
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De Lucia, S., F. Renaldo, K. Boussaid, A. Roubertie, A. Ntorku, S. Samaan, I. Kraoua, D. Rodriguez, and O. Boespflug-Tanguy. "Natural History in Leukodystrophies Related to POLR3A and POLR3B Mutations: A Multicentric Survey of 21 Pediatric Cases." In Abstracts of the 47th Annual Meeting of the SENP (Société Européenne De Neurologie Pédiatrique). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685424.
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Muñoz Garcia, Adolfo, and Ana Martí Testón. "Estudio de experiencias inmersivas en museos. Las nuevas narrativas de la realidad aumentada." In INNODOCT 2018. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2018.2018.8845.
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En los últimos diez años hemos vivido una revolución en el ámbito de los museos y los sistemas de información. Desde 2015 nuestro grupo de investigación del Instituto de Diseño y Fabricación de la Universitat Politècnica de València investiga sobre la creación de experiencias inmersivas con gafas de realidad aumentada para la industria productiva y la cultural, investigando nuevas fórmulas que cambien radicalmente la manera en que nos relacionamos con los datos digitales en contextos inmersivos. En este artículo presentamos Holomuseum, una aplicación especialmente diseñada para crear exhibiciones de realidad aumentada para las gafas Hololens, y comparamos brevemente sus resultados con otras cuatro propuestas punteras en la aplicación de las tecnologías digitales en el ámbito expositivo: Back to Life del Natural History Museum de Londres; Survivors' Stories del Museo del Holocausto de Illinois; The Lost Palace del Whitehall Palace de Londres o la reconstrucción proyectada de la iglesia Románica de Sant Climent de Taüll de Lleida.
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Rehor, Michal. "RESEARCH OF THE MOST BASIN LOCALITIES OPTIMUM RESTORATION METHODOLOGY BASED ON COMPARISON OF LONG TERM SURVEY OF THE AREAS WITH A DIFFERENT HISTORY OF RESTORATION AND NATURAL SUCCESSION AREAS." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/32/s13.059.
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Sambuu, Anna, B. Mongush, and Sh Mongush. "NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DEGRADATION PROCESSES DESERTED STEPPES OF THE UBSUNUR BASIN." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1717.978-5-317-06490-7/240-244.
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Steppes in Tuva occupy intermountain basins with altitudes of 550-1200 m above sea level, the lower parts of mountain slopes, and high terraces of river valleys. Large massifs of steppes are typical for the Ulugh-Khem and Ubsunur basins. Studies to assess the state of soil and vegetation cover were conducted in the North-Eastern (Tuva) part of the drainless Ubsunur basin in July-August 1997-2020 using the route method. The location of the basin between the boreal landscapes of Siberia and the desert-steppe landscapes of Central Asia is characterized by a variety of landforms, heterogeneity of soil and vegetation cover, and a unique distribution of climatic factors and geological history. The source material was our own data from soil and geobotanical studies and remote materials from different observation periods. Observation data from different survey years were linked to the Landsat satellite image for July-August 1997-2019. Route studies were carried out on the main geomorphological profiles from the southern foothills of the Western and Eastern Tannu-Ola ranges to the coast of oz. Ubsa-Nur (from North to South). Reference soil sections were laid at key sites, morphological descriptions of soil profiles and horizon-based sampling were carried out. Soil samples were taken to determine the humus content, granulometric composition, size and nature of salinity-the main indicators of soil desertification. Observations also covered the Eastern and Western parts of the basin, which revealed the direction of degradation of desolate steppes in different geomorphological positions of the territory, but also with different nature and intensity of anthropogenic impact.
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Lei, Dongxue, and Andong Lu. "A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5895.
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A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses Dongxue Lei¹, Andong Lu² School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing UniversityHankou Road 22#, Gulou District, Nanjing, ChinaE-mail: dxlei@outlook.com, andonglu@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): wetland island settlement, morphology, townscape, cognitive map Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology The Lixiahe region, a low-lying wetland located to the eastern side of the Huaiyang section of the Grand Canal, is characterized by a complex hydrological environment and has changed slowly in the urbanization process. The historical town of Shagou, a representative case of island settlements in this region, has a recorded history of continuous morphological change over six hundred years. Regarding Shagou as a cultural-geographical entity, this article aims at combining morphological analysis and narrative-based cognitive mapping to revel the characteristic townscape that strongly depends on cultural-geographic complexity. Based on survey work, this article will first define distinguishable plan elements that underpins the spatial form of Shagou: 1) natural context; 2) streets system; 3) plots system, and then investigate diachronically different phases of the formation of its spatial structure. On the other hand, based on archiving and data analysis of the oral history study, this article will generate a narrative cognitive map, in terms of paths, nodes, landmarks and areas. In conjunction with fieldwork and documentary record, this study testifies that the method derived from the plan analysis developed by Conzon is applicable to the study of wetland island settlement form in China and that narrative spatial analysis provides important supplemental spatial information. A careful combination of these methods might be used for understanding culturally embedded settlement forms in China. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis (London, George Philip). Herman, D. (ed.) (2003) Narrative theory and the cognitive sciences (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication). Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Extending the compass of plan analysis: a Chinese exploration’, Urban Morphology, 11(2), 91-109. Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach’, The Town Planning Review, 78(5), 643-670.
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Semiga, Vlad, Sanjay Tiku, Aaron Dinovitzer, and Wendy Wagster. "Evaluation of Fatigue in Gas Pipelines." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64486.
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There is a commonly held belief that internal operational pressure fluctuations of a gas pipeline is less likely to result in fatigue cracking than a liquid pipeline. A defensible engineering analysis process, demonstrating that this observation remains valid for all gas pipeline systems regardless of operation (i.e. transmission, bi-directional flow at storage facilities), existing features (i.e. dents or preexisting cracks), material properties (i.e. pipe vintage, grade) and pipeline geometry, needs to be developed. The work reported in this paper describes the work sponsored by the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America (INGAA) to support gas pipeline operators in completing Integrity Verification Programs (IVP) by defining which pipeline segments can reasonably be considered to be at risk of fatigue damage accumulation and which are not. This paper presents an overview of the work completed to develop a defensible approach to demonstrate the conditions under which pipeline pressure fluctuation induced fatigue is not a concern. The development of this approach, presented in this paper, considers the results of a survey of the range of cyclic severities experienced by gas pipeline operators, typical feature types and sizes that could exist in a pipeline system (i.e. mechanical damage, cracking) and the role of material properties on these assessments. The paper includes the development of directions as to the collection and analysis of SCADA pressure data to produce a pressure spectrum severity indicator (SSI) characterizing the fatigue damage potential of an operational history. This SSI is used along with fatigue susceptibility tables indicating the conditions for which fatigue would not be a concern for a pipeline segment. The susceptibility criterion relates a pipelines operation, in terms of SSI to the maximum feature size that can exist in the system before fatigue is considered a threat to pipeline integrity. The information presented in this paper would be of interest to pipeline operators, maintainers, consultants and regulators. The technical work presented in this paper was completed to support compliance with regulatory requirements and may also be used to influence the application of integrity management regulatory requirements on gas pipeline systems by providing information and processes to eliminate the need to consider fatigue as a damage accumulation process or integrity threat.
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Honegger, Douglas G., Mujib Rahman, Humberto Puebla, Dharma Wijewickreme, and Anthony Augello. "Definition of Lateral Spread Displacement for Regional Risk Assessments of Pipeline Vulnerability." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31354.
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Terasen Gas Inc. (Terasen) operates a natural gas supply and distribution system situated within one of the zones of the highest seismic activity in Canada. The region encompasses significant areas underlain by marine, deltaic, and alluvial soil deposits, some of which are considered to be susceptible to liquefaction and large ground movements when subjected to earthquake ground shaking. Terasen undertook an assessment of seismic risks to its transmission and key intermediate pressure pipelines in the Lower Mainland in 1994 [1]. The seismic assessment focused on approximately 500 km of steel pipelines ranging from NPS 8 to NPS 42 and operating at pressures from 1900 to 4020 kPa. The 1994 risk assessment provided the basis for detailed site-specific assessment and seismic upgrade programs to retrofit its existing system to reduce risks to acceptable levels. While the general approach undertaken in 1994 remains technically sound, advancements have been made over the past 15 years in the understanding of earthquake hazards and their impact on pipelines. In particular, estimates of the earthquake ground shaking hazard in British Columbia as published by Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) have recently been updated and incorporated into the 2005 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). In addition, empirical methods of estimating lateral spread ground displacements have been improved as new case-history information has become available. Given these changes, Terasen decided in 2009 to reexamine the seismic risk to Terasen’s pipelines. The scope of the updated seismic risk study was expanded over that in 1994 to include pipelines on Vancouver Island and the Interior of British Columbia. For regional assessments, estimates of lateral spread displacements are necessarily based upon empirical formulations that relate displacement to variables of earthquake severity (earthquake magnitude and distance), susceptibility to liquefaction (density, grain size, fines content), and topography (distance from a river bank or ground slope). Implementing empirical formulae with the results of probabilistic seismic hazard calculations is complicated by the fact that the empirical approach requires earthquake magnitude and distance, as a parametric couple, to be related to the ground shaking severity. However, but such a relationship does not exist in the estimates of mean or modal earthquake magnitude and distance disaggregated from a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. This paper presents an overview of the approach to regional risk assessment undertaken by Terasen and discusses the unique approach adopted for determining lateral spread displacements consistent with the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis.
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Sinn, Thomas, and Ron Barrett. "Design, Manufacturing and Test of a High Lift Secondary Flight Control Surface With SMAPBP (Shape Memory Alloy Post-Buckled Precompressed) Actuators." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3681.
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This paper discusses the design, manufacturing and test of a new kind of adaptive airfoil with Shape Memory Alloy actuation. An antagonistic arrangement of SMA wires is used in a Post-buckled Precompressed (PBP) kind of actuator that is being employed in an adaptive flap system. SMA actuators are typically used either antagonistically and/or arranged to move structural components with linearly varying resistance levels, like springs. This generally means that large percentages of strain energy are spent doing work on passive structure (rather than performing the task at hand, like moving a flight control surface or resisting air loads etc.). Post-Buckled Precompressed (PBP) actuators on the other hand are arranged so that the active elements do not waste energy fighting passive structural stiffnesses. Most (if not all) of the PBP actuators of the past have used piezoceramic elements and are highly prone to tensile failure on convex faces. Because SMA actuators are far more tolerant of tensile stresses than piezoceramics, a switch of actuator type is a natural progression of technology. With the Post-buckled Precompressed mechanism, the power consumption to hold deflections is reduced by one if not two orders of magnitude. Because aircraft often require flight control surfaces to be held in a given position for extremely long times to trim the vehicle, conventional SMA’s are essentially non-starters for many classes of aircraft. For the reason that PBP actuators balance out air and structural loads, the steady-state load on the SMAs is essentially negligible, when properly designed. Experiments showed that the SMAPBP actuator shows tip rotations on the order of 45° which is nearly triple the levels achieved by piezoelectric PBP actuators. The paper opens with a short survey on the history of flap systems actuated by adaptive materials and delves into actuation theory. In the following the author gives a detailed explanation of the design concept and the manufacturing of the airfoil. A NACA0012 airfoil with a chord length of 150 mm was used to prove the concept of the adaptive flap system. The paper continues with a description of the test setup, the CFD model assumptions and the results of wind tunnel tests. The architecture and the employment of a closed loop position feedback system to overcome the nonlinear behavior of the SMA material and the PBP mechanism is also discussed.
Reports on the topic "Illinois. Natural History Survey"
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Morrison, Dawn, and Adam Smith. Fort Huachuca history of development : existing reports and contexts. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39479.
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The Fort Huachuca Environmental and Natural Resources Division (ENRD) tasked ERDC-CERL to compile a history of the development of Fort Huachuca for use in evaluating existing facilities and how they fit within the larger, overarching history of the fort. Fort Huachuca desires a comprehensive history of the fort for use in better understanding how its various facilities integrate into the overall history and development of the fort and its existing National Historic Landmark (NHL) and proposed existing evaluated, eligible, and listed National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) properties and districts. This comprehensive history will help ENRD in making determinations on how to address future National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) nominations and/or recommendations for adding new historic districts or expanding the existing historic district. ERDC-CERL compiled content from 18 existing historic contexts, building inventory and cultural re-sources reports, NRHP nomination and registration forms, and Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) forms previously completed for the ENRD, and used these resources to compile the current history.
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Wells, Aaron, Tracy Christopherson, Gerald Frost, Matthew Macander, Susan Ives, Robert McNown, and Erin Johnson. Ecological land survey and soils inventory for Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2016–2017. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287466.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to inventory, classify, and map soils and vegetation within the ecosystems of Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM) using an ecological land survey (ELS) approach. The ecosystem classes identified in the ELS effort were mapped across the park, using an archive of Geo-graphic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) datasets pertaining to land cover, topography, surficial geology, and glacial history. The description and mapping of the landform-vegetation-soil relationships identified in the ELS work provides tools to support the design and implementation of future field- and RS-based studies, facilitates further analysis and contextualization of existing data, and will help inform natural resource management decisions. We collected information on the geomorphic, topographic, hydrologic, pedologic, and vegetation characteristics of ecosystems using a dataset of 724 field plots, of which 407 were sampled by ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research and Services (ABR) staff in 2016–2017, and 317 were from existing, ancillary datasets. ABR field plots were located along transects that were selected using a gradient-direct sampling scheme (Austin and Heligers 1989) to collect data for the range of ecological conditions present within KATM, and to provide the data needed to interpret ecosystem and soils development. The field plot dataset encompassed all of the major environmental gradients and landscape histories present in KATM. Individual state-factors (e.g., soil pH, slope aspect) and other ecosystem components (e.g., geomorphic unit, vegetation species composition and structure) were measured or categorized using standard classification systems developed for Alaska. We described and analyzed the hierarchical relationships among the ecosystem components to classify 92 Plot Ecotypes (local-scale ecosystems) that best partitioned the variation in soils, vegetation, and disturbance properties observed at the field plots. From the 92 Plot Ecotypes, we developed classifications of Map Ecotypes and Disturbance Landscapes that could be mapped across the park. Additionally, using an existing surficial geology map for KATM, we developed a map of Generalized Soil Texture by aggregating similar surficial geology classes into a reduced set of classes representing the predominant soil textures in each. We then intersected the Ecotype map with the General-ized Soil Texture Map in a GIS and aggregated combinations of Map Ecotypes with similar soils to derive and map Soil Landscapes and Soil Great Groups. The classification of Great Groups captures information on the soil as a whole, as opposed to the subgroup classification which focuses on the properties of specific horizons (Soil Survey Staff 1999). Of the 724 plots included in the Ecotype analysis, sufficient soils data for classifying soil subgroups was available for 467 plots. Soils from 8 orders of soil taxonomy were encountered during the field sampling: Alfisols (<1% of the mapped area), Andisols (3%), Entisols (45%), Gelisols (<1%), Histosols (12%), Inceptisols (22%), Mollisols (<1%), and Spodosols (16%). Within these 8 Soil Orders, field plots corresponded to a total of 74 Soil Subgroups, the most common of which were Typic Cryaquents, Typic Cryorthents, Histic Cryaquepts, Vitrandic Cryorthents, and Typic Cryofluvents.
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Nelson, Margot, Michael Antonioni, Vincent Santucci, and Justin Tweet. Oxon Run Parkway: Paleontological resource inventory; supplement to the National Capital Parks-East paleontological resource inventory. National Park Service, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287217.
Full textAbstract:
Oxon Run Parkway (OXRN) is a 51-hectare (126-acre) natural area within Washington, D.C. administered by the National Park Service under National Capital Parks East (NACE). The original plan called for a road, slated to follow Oxon Run stream, but this never came to fruition; despite this, the moniker stuck. The majority of the original Oxon Run Parkway is managed by the District of Columbia. The section of Oxon Run Parkway under NPS jurisdiction contains wetlands and forests, as well as the only McAteean magnolia bogs still remaining in the District. The lower Cretaceous Potomac Group, known as one of the few dinosaur-bearing rock units on the east coast of North America, crops out within Oxon Run. One of the most prevalent fossil-bearing resources are the siderite, or “bog iron” sandstone slabs that sometimes preserve the footprints or trackways of various vertebrates, including dinosaurs. Such trackways have been reported from Potomac Group outcrops throughout the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland and Virginia. In 2019, National Capital Parks-East took possession of such a track, referred to a dinosaur, collected by paleontologist Dr. Peter Kranz. This report was compiled after a paleontological survey of Oxon Run Parkway and is intended as a supplement to the National Capital Parks East Paleontological Resource Inventory (Nelson et al. 2019). This report contains information on the history of Oxon Run Parkway and its geology, as well as discussion of the fossil track.