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Journal articles on the topic 'Illinois. Natural History Survey'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Sabaj, Mark H., Kevin S. Cummings, and Lawrence M. Page. "Annotated Catalog of Type Specimens in the Illinois Natural History Survey Fish Collection." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 35, no. 1-5 (October 31, 1997): 253–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v35.130.

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The Fish Collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) dates back to the late 1800s and the extensive surveys of Illinois fishes led by Dr. Stephen A. Forbes, director of the Survey's predecessor, the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History (ISLNH). From 1876 to 1903 Forbes, assisted by his esteemed colleague Robert E. Richardson and numerous field and laboratory personnel, collected and preserved over 200,000 specimens from more than 450 localities distributed in 93 of the 102 counties of Illinois. During this time, the ISLNH Collection served as the basis for several catalogs of Illinois fishes (Nelson 1876; Jordan 1878a; Forbes 1884; Large 1903), and provided material for the description of at least 25 species. This work culminated in the classic Fishes of Illinois written by Forbes and Richardson, published by the Survey in 1909 and reprinted in 1920 (although no publication date is given for the original volume, H.C. Oesterling, former INHS editor, lists the date as 1909 in Howard 1932:46). Accompanied by a separate atlas of distribution maps of 98 species, this comprehensive treatment of the state's ichthyofauna still is recognized as one of the finest publications on fishes. The INHS Fish Collection was expanded by Dr. Philip W. Smith, who worked as a systematic biologist at the Survey from 1942 until his retirement in 1979 (Burr and Page 1987). Over a period of 1 1 years from 1962 to 1972, Smith assembled a large collection of fishes from Illinois and neighboring states. The ichthyological surveys conducted by Smith, his students, and INHS staff led to the publication of a second Fishes of Illinois (Smith 1979). Smith's monograph provided identification keys, information on the ecology and taxonomy of Illinois fishes, and detailed distribution maps that documented changes in the state's fish fauna that had occurred since the survey of Forbes and Richardson. The size and geographic scope of the INHS collection have been considerably expanded in the past three decades; the collection now contains about 7 1 1 ,000 cataloged specimens (over 7 1 ,000 lots) of more than 1,800 species. A recent literature survey identified over 250 publications citing the use of INHS specimens over the past 40 years. Included are two publications that have greatly advanced both the professional and popular understanding of North American fishes: the Handbook of Darters (Page 1983) and A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico (Page and Burr 1991).

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2

Crane, J. L., and Pamela P. Tazik. "Catalog of Types of the Illinois Natural History Survey Mycological Collections (ILLS)." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 34, no. 1-6 (May 31, 1992): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v34.136.

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The Survey's mycological collection now contains approximately 300 type specimens, 800 Myxomycetes, 1,200 lower fungi, 10.000 Ascomycetes, 13,200 Fungi Imperfecti, 17,000 Basidiomycetes. and 5.000 lichens, for a total of 47.500 specimens. This catalog provides information for each type specimen on the binomial, the full name and initials of the authorities, the place of publication, the category of type, substrate or host, locality data, date of collection, collector, and accession number. The categories of type specimens follow the Botanical Code (Grueter et al. 1988. Article 7).

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JOHANSON, KJELL A., and TOBIA S. MALM. "Seven new Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) Johanson, 2002 from the Neotropical region and Nearctic Mexico (Insecta: Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae)." Zootaxa 1208, no. 1 (May 22, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1208.1.1.

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Seven new species of Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) Johanson 2002 (Helicopsychidae) are described from Mexico (H. curvipalpia new species), Panama (H. blantoni new species, H. chiriquensis new species, H. linguata new species, and H. sanblasensis new species), and Brazil (H. paprockii new species and H. cipoensis new species) based on adult material borrowed from the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), Washington, D. C. and the Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA. New records are given for H. sinuata Denning & Blickle from Mexico, and H. incisa Ross and H. woldai Johanson from Panama.

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XU, DELIANG, CHRISTOPHER H. DIETRICH, M. D. WEBB, and YALIN ZHANG. "A new species of the Oriental leafhopper genus Kutara Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Vietnam." Zootaxa 4772, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4772.3.8.

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The Oriental leafhopper genus Kutara Distant, 1908 (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini: Paraboloponina) is newly recorded from Vietnam with description of a new species K. trispinosa Xu & Zhang sp. nov.. An updated checklist, with distribution and a key to males of Kutara, are also provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN) and the Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA (INHS).

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Yeatter, Ralph E. "The Prairie Chicken in Illinois." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 22, no. 1-7 (December 31, 2019): 377–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v22.253.

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The present report summarizes a study of the biology and management of the greater prairie chicken in Illinois, a study begun in 1935 by members of the Section of Game Research and Management of the Illinois Natural History Survey. The summers of 1935 and 1936 were spent in full-time field work in southeastern Illinois. Since that time, supplemental studies of prairie chicken habits, requirements and distribution have been continued in various parts of the state. Annuallysince 1935, spring and fall censuses have been made on 4 square miles of prairie chicken range in Jasper County used as a study area. The present report includes data on earlv distribution, present range, life history, populations, mortality causes, food habits and management of the prairie chicken in Illinois.

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Godfrey, George L., John K. Bouseman, Kenneth L. Robertson, and Robert M. Zewadski. "125 years of biological research 1858-1983." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 33, no. 1-4 (September 30, 1985): 139–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v33.139.

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The Illinois Natural History Survey celebrated its 125th anniversary in 1983 by hosting a series of special events for its friends and staff. Two of them were the 125th Anniversary Symposium and Luncheon held on 24 September 1983 at Urbana, and the contents of this commemorative bulletin are based on the papers and summary comments presented at those two functions. The proclamation from Governor James R. Thompson, recognizing the importance of the Survey to the people of Illinois (Frontispiece), was read at the luncheon. The papers contributed to the symposium were selected on the basis of recommendations solicited from the staffs of the Survey's research sections: Aquatic Biology, Botany and Plant Pathology, Economic Entomology, Faunistic Surveys and Insect Identification, and Wildlife Research. The papers presented by Survey staff members do not adequately reflect either past or present programs in totol, i.e., they are indicative, not definitive. Editorial Committee: George L. Godfrey, ChairmanJohn K. BousemanWilliam R. EdwardsKenneth R. RobertsonRobert M. Zewadski

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Favret, C., and R. E. Dewalt. "Comparing the Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera Specimen Databases at the Illinois Natural History Survey and Using Them to Document Changes in the Illinois Fauna." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0035:cteaps]2.0.co;2.

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8

Page, Lawrence M., and Michael R. Jeffords. "Our Living Heritage: the Biological Resources of Illinois." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 34, no. 1-6 (April 30, 1991): 357–477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v34.134.

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We live in a world of near continuous monitoring. In our automobiles we monitor the status of fuel, oil pressure, temperature, and seat belts through gauges, lights, and electronic voices. The consumption of electricity and fuel in our homes is monitored as is the chlorine in our drinking water and the alcohol in our beer. Manufacturers retain quality assurance inspectors and issue warrantees and guarantees to convince us that all is well. We monitor our schools and measure our own progress through grades and proficiency scores. It seemed appropriate, therefore, that the Illinois Natural History Survey should take a measure of the living natural resources of Illinois by bringing together a knowledgeable group of persons to summarize the state of the State. In order to share this information and to provide an opportunity for discussion, a symposium, "Our Living Heritage: The Biological Resources of Illinois," was sponsored by the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources and organized by the Survey. The event, timed to coincide with Earth Day 1990 celebrations, was held on April 2.^ and 24 on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It was attended by nearly 250 professional scientists from some 50 agencies and institutions along with a number of interested and dedicated citizens. To share the results of that symposium with an even larger audience, we have issued this publication of its proceedings. To address the salient features of the living resources of Illinois in an ordered fashion, the symposium was presented in five sessions: forests, prairies and barrens, wetlands, streams and caves, and agro-urban ecology. When we consider that only (.).59t of Illinois remains in undisturbed natural areas, that Illinois ranks 46th among states in publicly owned open space per person, that forest acreage has decreased by 73% in the past century and tallgrass prairie by over 99%, that 85% of our wetlands have been lost, that soil erosion proceeds at the rate of 200 million tons per year, and that approximately 30,000 tons of herbicide and 3,500 tons of insecticides are used annually on agricultural crops in Illinois, we can scarcely imagine the tone of the symposium to have been anything but pessimistic. In part, there was discouragement, but it was tempered by positive developments, including the designation of the Middle Fork of the Vermilion River as a National Wild and Scenic River, the acquisition of the Cache River Basin, the initiation of a study to identify high-quality Illinois streams based on biodiversity, and the ever quickening actions of the Nature Preserves Commission. Preservation/conservation has been in conflict with consumption/development since the days of Theodore Roosevelt. At times one side seems to prevail over the other, but the balance has been clearly on the side of consumption. Special interest groups have to a considerable extent managed to give the word environmentalist a pejorative cast and the word development a positive ring. During the past decade, the executive branch of the federal government has determinedly downplayed environmental concerns, and that stance has been translated into inertia in a number of federal agencies with responsibility for natural resources. The focus of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, for example, has until very recently ignored the living components of the environment. At the same time, public sensitivity to environmental concerns has dramatically increased, primarily through public service television and other media-generated presentations on tropical deforestation, extinction of species, depletion of the ozone layer, agro-chemical contamination of groundwater, and the effects of acid rain. Some of this concern is now being transformed into political action. Polls suggest that the public understanding of environmental matters is quite high, and some beheve that it exceeds the perceptions of elected officials. A Green Party has emerged in this country only very recently, but Greens are a part of both major political parties and the trend in federal legislation may soon begin to sway in favor of conservation/preservation and away from consumption/development. The National Institutes for the Environment may well become a reality within the next several years. Within this tentatively encouraging national picture, the symposium was timely indeed. One symposium event of special interest cannot be documented in these proceedings — the "citizens respond" program of Monday evening, April 23—and I would like to note it here. Michael Jeffords and Susan Post of the Survey opened that session with a mulitmedia presentation on the biodiversity of Illinois. Their slides of representative plants and animals and habitats of the natural divisions of Illinois brought home to us the beauty and fragility that can yet be discovered in the landscape of our state. A panel presentation by five environmental activists followed: Clark Bullard, Office of Energy Research at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Max Hutchison, Natural Land Institute of The Nature Conservancy; Lawrence Page of the Illinois Natural History Survey; Donna Prevedell, farmwife and contributing editor to the Progressive Farmer, and Michael Reuter, Volunteer Stewardship Network of The Nature Conservancy. They spoke briefly but openly on preservation activities in which they had been closely involved. The discussion was then turned over to the audience, who asked questions and shared their experiences—successes and failures—with preservation efforts. I urge you to read on in order to understand the status of the biological resources of Illinois and to appreciate how much remains to be accomplished to secure their future—and ours. I would be remiss, however, if I did not conclude by acknowledging the committee of Survey staff who planned and conducted the symposium: Lawrence Page, Michael Jeffords, Joyce Hofmann, Susan Post, Louis Iverson, and Audrey Hodgins. Their efforts included developing the program, arranging for speakers and facilities, producing and mailing promotional materials, and welcomine the audience. Without their enthusiasm and hard work, the symposium v^ould not have materialized and our understanding of the biological resources of Illinois would be much diminished. Lorin I. Nevling. ChiefIllinois Natural History Suney

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9

SONG, YUEHUA, and ZIZHONG LI. "First record of the leafhopper genus Plumosa Sohi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, with description of a new species." Zootaxa 1879, no. 1 (September 17, 2008): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1879.1.4.

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The leafhopper genus Plumosa was erected by Sohi (1977). It belongs to the tribe Erythroneurini of Typhlocybinae with Plumosa emarginata Sohi, 1977 from India as its type species. Until now, there have been no further reports on this genus. Here the genus is reported for the first time from China and a new Chinese species is described and illustrated. The type specimens are deposited to the collection of the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou (IEGU) and Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS).

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10

Webb, Donald W. "Winter Stoneflies of Illinois (Insecta: Plecoptera)." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 36, no. 1-5 (December 31, 2002): 195–274. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v36.880.

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Winter stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) are an aquatic group of insects whose adults emerge in IIlinois from late November to early April. Twenty-one species have been reported from Illinois. Extensive collections of winter stoneflies were made in Illinois during the 1920s and 1930s by Frison, the 1960s by Ross and “the winter stonefly club’, and the 1990s by Webb. These specimens are housed in the Insect Collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey and allowed for an evaluation of the current status of these species following a century of environmental change.Over the past century (1900-2000), the species diversity of winter stoneflies averaged 2.5 species per county with species reported from every county but 3 (Carroll, DuPage, Ford) and with 10 counties recording 5 or more species. Pope County (13 species) reported the greatest species diversity. During the recent resurvey (1976-2000), species diversity average 1.9 species per county withspecimens not collected in 11 counties, and only 3 counties (Hardin, Pope, and Saline) exhibited 5 or more species.Four species are considered extirpated from Illinois: Allocapnia illinoensis, Nemocapnia carolina, Paracapnia angulata, and Taeniopteryx parvula. Seven species were found to be common (known from more than 15 localities): Allocapnia forbesi, A. granulata, A. mystica, A. rickeri, A. vivipara, Taeniopteryx burksi, and T: nivalis. Four species are considered uncommon (known from 4—15localities): Allocapnia recta, Strophopteryx fasciata, Taeniopteryx metequi and Zealeuctra claasseni. Six species are considered rare (known from 1-3 localities): Allocapnia nivicola, A. smithi, Prostoia completa, Taeniopteryx lita, Zealeuctra fraxina, and Z. narfi. Significantly reduced patterns of distribution were noted in three species: A. granulata, A. mystica, and Strophopteryx fasciata. OnlyTaeniopteryx nivalis, previously rare, is now spreading its distribution across northern Illinois.There has been a modest decline during the past century in the diversity of stonefly species within various counties. Also, a trend was observed toward an increase in pollution-tolerant, “generalist” species with a decrease in pollution-sensitive, habitat “specialists.”

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11

Poly, William J. "The Fishes of Illinois. By Philip W Smith. Published for the Illinois State Natural History Survey by the University of Illinois Press, Urbana (Illinois). $34.95 (paper). xxix + 314 p + 8 pl; ill.; index to common and scientific names. ISBN: 0–252–07084–4. 2002." Quarterly Review of Biology 78, no. 2 (June 2003): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/378001.

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12

McElrath, Thomas, Dmitry Dmitriev, Matthew Yoder, R. Edward DeWalt, and Christopher Dietrich. "Specimens, Databases, and Accession Books: Using TaxonWorks to Integrate Multiple Sources of Modern and Historical Data in the INHS Insect Collection." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25896.

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Grant-supported digitization projects over the past 20 years at the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) have yielded over 1,000,000 occurrence records (representing over 2.7 million specimens), one of the most successful digitization efforts within the United States. However, receiving multiple grants at the cutting edge has led to numerous projects left at various stages of completeness, several relational databases, orphaned data, and specimens at various stages of curation. TaxonWorks (taxonworks.org), an integrated web-based workbench developed by the Species File Group and supported by the INHS and the National Science Foundation, has provided the digital infrastructure to unify multiple workflows, projects, databases, and even historical accession books into one easy to access, open-source platform. We demonstrate the practical utility of this platform and summarize past, present, and future efforts at the INHS towards integrating all our data within TaxonWorks.

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13

Westcott, N. E., S. D. Hilberg, R. L. Lampman, B. W. Alto, A. Bedel, E. J. Muturi, H. Glahn, M. Baker, K. E. Kunkel, and R. J. Novak. "Predicting the Seasonal Shift in Mosquito Populations Preceding the Onset of the West Nile Virus in Central Illinois." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 92, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 1173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011bams3163.1.

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In the midwestern United States, the summertime rise in infection rate by the West Nile virus is associated with a seasonal shift in the abundance of two mosquito populations, Culex restuans and Culex pipiens. This seasonal shift usually precedes the time of the peak infection rate in mosquitoes by 2–3 weeks and generally occurs earlier in the summer with above normal temperatures and later in the summer with below-normal temperatures. Two empirical models were developed to predict this seasonal shift in mosquito species, or the “crossover,” and have been run operationally since 2004 by the Midwestern Regional Climate Center located at the Illinois State Water Survey. These models are based on daily temperature data and have been verified by use of a unique dataset of daily records of mosquito species abundance collected by the Illinois Natural History Survey. An unfortunate characteristic of the original temperature models was that the crossover date often was reached with little or no lead time. In 2009, the models were modified to incorporate National Weather Service (NWS) model output statistics (MOS) 10-day temperature forecasts. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of these models to predict the crossover date and thus the period of increased risk of West Nile virus in the Midwest. For the 8-yr period from 2002 to 2009, 6 yr had at least one model predicting the crossover within one week of the actual crossover date, and for 7 yr at least one of the model predictions was within 2 weeks of the actual crossover date. Incorporation of MOS temperature forecasts for a 10-day period, although not substantially changing the predicted crossover date, greatly improved the forecast lead time by about 9 days. From a disease management point of view, this improvement in advanced notice is significant. In 2009, there was an unprecedented early crossover date and a failed forecast. The poor forecast was likely caused by an unusually early summer prolonged and intense heat wave, followed immediately by a record cold July.

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Smith, Vincent S. "The Chewing Lice: World Checklist and Biological Overview.—R. D. Price, R. A. Hellenthal, R. L. Palma, K. P. Johnson, D. H. Clayton. 2003. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x+501 pp. ISBN 1–882932–08–0. $35.00 (hard cover)." Systematic Biology 53, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 666–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150490468521.

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15

Herzog, Sebastian K., and Juan Mazar Barnett. "On the Validity and Confused Identity of Serpophaga Griseiceps Berlioz 1959 (Tyrannidae)." Auk 121, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.2.415.

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Abstract Berlioz (1959) described Serpophaga griseiceps on the basis of four specimens from Cochabamba, Bolivia, housed at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France). Traylor (1979) subsumed the taxon, without justification, in S. munda after examining other specimens from Cochabamba at the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH; Chicago, Illinois). Remsen and Traylor (1989) added that S. griseiceps represents the juvenal plumage of S. munda. Straneck (1993) presented new data from central Argentina to revalidate S. griseiceps, and although that account has methodological problems, numerous authors have endorsed its taxonomic conclusions. We re-evaluated the validity of S. griseiceps by examining the type series and specimens deposited at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and our own field data from Cochabamba, and by critiquing Straneck's taxonomic conclusions. The type specimens of S. griseiceps clearly resemble juvenile S. munda. Photographs of those specimens were compared by T. S. Schulenberg with the FMNH specimens examined by Traylor, confirming that the former are referable to S. munda. Both “forms” differ consistently in plumage coloration from Argentine specimens considered by Straneck to be referable to S. griseiceps. The type series of S. griseiceps coincides with S. munda in wing chord, tail, and tarsus length, and both “forms” have significantly longer wings and tails than Straneck's birds from Argentina. Intensive field surveys in the Cochabamba basin documented the occurrence of only one species of Serpophaga tyrannulet, S. munda. Serpophaga griseiceps should therefore be considered a junior synonym of S. munda, whereas Straneck's S. griseiceps is apparently referable to an undescribed cryptic species of Serpophaga tyrannulet.

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Jones, D. "The Natural History of a Survey." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 45, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.45.3.254.

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Burrill, T. J. "Parasitic Fungi of Illinois." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 2, no. 1-8 (May 21, 2019): 140–255. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v2.87.

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Most of the plants herein described were collected in Illinois during 1881 and 1882. by Mr. A. B. Seymour, who was employed for the purpose by the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. The entire collection consists of three thousand seven hundred and eighty-four numbers, many of which are of course duplicates, or are different stages of the same species, leaving, however, a very large number of distinct specific forms—much larger than is usually supposed to exist in our flora. The determinations have been made at the Illinois Industrial University by myself, efficiently aided by Mr. Seymour. For this work, besides the facilities offered by the library and herbarium of the University, the State Laboratory of Natural History furnished many books and specimens. Among the latter are the following sets of exsiccata: DeThumen's Mycotheca Universalis, Ellis' North American Fungi. Ravenel's Fungi Caroliniani and Fungi Americani.

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Redmer, Michael, Lauren E. Brown, and Ronald A. Brandon. "Natural History of the Bird-voiced Treefrog (Hyla avivoca) and Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea) in Southern Illinois." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 36, no. 1-3 (September 30, 1999): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v36.124.

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The bird-voiced tree frog,Hyla avivoca Viosca 1928 and green tree frog, Hyla cinerea(Schneider 1799) are distributed primarily on the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains of the southeastern United States(Conant and Collins 1998).The ranges of both species reach their northern limits in the Midwest in southern Illinois where Smith (1961) recorded them from Alexander, Jackson, and Union counties. Because the few documented localities of these tree frogs in Illinois were, until recently, mainly in or near remnant Austroriparian swamplands(which are disappearing rapidly), concern has been expressed that their continued existence in the state is in jeopardy (Ackerman 1975; Ashton et al. 1976; Dyrkacz 1974). Since Smith's(1961)comprehensive study The Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois, few additional records for these species have been reported. Carton and Brandon(1975)studied reproductive ecology andh abitat of H. cinerea at a southern Illinois swamp, but there has been no previous in depth environmental examination of H.avivoca in Illinois. The objective of this publication is to report the results of our study of the natural history of these two poorly known tree frogs in southern Illinois.

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Manzo, Silvia. "Francis Bacon's Natural History and Civil History: A Comparative Survey." Early Science and Medicine 17, no. 1-2 (2012): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338212x631774.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to offer a comparative survey of Bacon's theory and practice of natural history and of civil history, particularly centered on their relationship to natural philosophy and human philosophy. I will try to show that the obvious differences concerning their subject matter encompass a number of less obvious methodological and philosophical assumptions which reveal a significant practical and con ceptual convergence of the two fields. Causes or axioms are prescribed as the theoretical end-products of natural history, whereas precepts are envisaged as the speculative outcomes derived from perfect civil history. In spite of this difference, causes and precepts are thought to enable effective action in order to change the state of nature and of man, respectively. For that reason a number of common patterns are to be found in Bacon's theory and practice of natural and civil history.

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Gillette, C. P. "Descriptions of New Cynipidae in the Collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 3, no. 1-15 (June 11, 2019): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v3.193.

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Smith, M. A. L. "The Merged Department Experience at the University of Illinois: Is there Strength in Numbers?" HortTechnology 11, no. 3 (January 2001): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.3.405.

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Soils, entomology, forestry and horticulture faculty were combined into a single merged Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences (NRES) during a recent College of Agriculture, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences restructuring process at the University of Illinois. The merger initially spawned multiple concerns from faculty, but after an adjustment period, ultimately resulted in enhanced organization, accountability, and collaboration. New, multidisciplinary initiatives within NRES, such as the Illinois Green Industry Survey or development of a highly successful off-campus masters program, attest to the fact that the merger brought new strength and expanded opportunities to our unit.

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Schroeder, Sissel. "Power and place: Agency, ecology, and history in the American Bottom, Illinois." Antiquity 78, no. 302 (December 2004): 812–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00113468.

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Is ecology or agency the principal imperative of the formation of complex societies? Using new survey data, the author shows how both interest in the development of the riverside settlement area of the American Bottom and how the different modern histories of the northern (industrial) and the southern (agricultural) American Bottom, have affected the survival of evidence and how this in turn has favoured a different emphasis in interpretation for each.

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Bley, Annette, Cynthia Tifft, Susan Kahn, and Florian Eichler. "Natural history of infantile GM2 gangliosidosis — Survey of 97 patients." Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 102, no. 2 (February 2011): S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.11.028.

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Bajaj, A., C. Vitali, M. Cuchel, and D. Rader. "Literature Survey Of Lcat Deficiency: Natural History And Biomarker Identification." Atherosclerosis 287 (August 2019): e227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.697.

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Campanozzi, A., G. Boccia, L. Pensabene, F. Panetta, A. Marseglia, P. Strisciuglio, C. Barbera, G. Magazzu, M. Pettoello-Mantovani, and A. Staiano. "Prevalence and Natural History of Gastroesophageal Reflux: Pediatric Prospective Survey." PEDIATRICS 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3569.

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Anstey, Peter R. "Locke, Bacon and Natural History." Early Science and Medicine 7, no. 1 (2002): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338202x00036.

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AbstractThis paper argues that the construction of natural histories, as advocated by Francis Bacon, played a central role in John Locke's conception of method in natural philosophy. It presents new evidence in support of John Yolton's claim that "the emphasis upon compiling natural histories of bodies ... was the chief aspect of the Royal Society's programme that attracted Locke, and from which we need to understand his science of nature". Locke's exposure to the natural philosophy of Robert Boyle, the medical philosophy of Thomas Sydenham, his interest in travel literature and his conception of the division of the sciences are examined. From this survey, a cumulative case is presented which establishes, independently of an in-depth exegesis of his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, the central role for Locke of the construction of natural histories in natural philosophy.

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Olsen, Edward J. "Collections and Displays: The Grainger Hall of Gems, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois." Rocks & Minerals 63, no. 4 (July 1988): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1988.11761852.

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Redmer, Michael. "Natural History of the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) in the Shawnee National Forest, Southern Illinois." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 36, no. 1-5 (March 31, 2002): 163–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v36.879.

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I studied several aspects of the natural history and population biology of R. sylvatica in the Shawnee National Forest (SNF) between 1993 and 1997. The primary objective was to conduct the first extensive study of this species in Illinois. The first portion of this study documented the distribution of R. sylvatica in the SNF. Observations of general aspects of natural history (predation, amphibian community associates, and larval period) were also recorded. I then identified and qualitatively characterized types of breeding ponds and woodland habitats in which the species occurs, and recorded the phenology of breeding activity and weather conditions at which they occurred. I then used skeletochronology to estimate individual ages of wood frogs, and compared statistical correlations between age and body length of individuals and female age and body length with clutch size and ovum size.

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Koziol, James A., Douglas C. Clark, Ruben F. Gittes, and Eng M. Tan. "The Natural History of Interstitial Cystitis: A Survey of 374 Patients." Journal of Urology 149, no. 3 (March 1993): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36120-7.

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Lucier, Paul. "New York State Natural History Survey: 1836-1842. Michele L. Aldrich." Isis 92, no. 4 (December 2001): 796–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385407.

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Cunningham, John A., David C. Hodgins, and Tony Toneatto. "Natural history of gambling problems: Results from a general population survey." SUCHT 55, no. 2 (January 2009): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/2009.02.05.

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Natürlicher Verlauf von problematischem Glücksspiel: Ergebnisse einer Allgemeinbevölkerungsstudie Fragestellung: Die Studie untersucht Gründe für eine Verhaltensänderung in einer Stichprobe früherer problematischer Glücksspieler. </p><p> Methodik: In Ontario, Kanada, wurde an einer Zufallsstichprobe von 8.467 Erwachsenen eine telefonische Erhebung durchgeführt. Von den 450 Teilnehmern, die früher, nicht aber in den letzten 12 Monaten glücksspielbezogene Probleme hatten (n=450) wurden 130 Personen identifiziert, die sich an eine Zeitspanne erinnern konnten, in der sie mehr gespielt haben als aktuell und damals keine Therapie oder eine Selbsthilfegruppe in Anspruch genommen haben. Sie wurden nach den Gründen für das Aufhören oder weniger Spielen und zu ihren Ausstiegsstrategien befragt. </p><p> Ergebnisse: Häufige Gründe waren Veränderungen im Leben durch Reifung (Umzug, Arbeitsplatz, Heirat) oder eine kognitive Neubewertung des Spielens. Spieler mit schwereren Problemen nannten häufiger Änderungsgründe, die mit negativen Konsequenzen des Spielens zusammen hingen. </p><p> Schlussfolgerungen: Viele Menschen »driften« aus ihrem problematischen Spielen durch andere Veränderungen in ihrem Leben heraus. Forschung zum natürlichen Verlauf anhand repräsentativer Stichproben ist bedeutsam, da sie erlaubt, Gründe der Reifung und des Herauswachsens als zentral für die Überwindung von Glücksspielproblemen in vielen Fällen zu erkennen.

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Stefanko, Nicole S., Maria‐Laura Cossio, Julie Powell, Francine Blei, Olivia M. T. Davies, Ilona J. Frieden, Maria C. Garzon, et al. "Natural history of PHACE syndrome: A survey of adults with PHACE." Pediatric Dermatology 36, no. 5 (June 20, 2019): 618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pde.13871.

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Abiad, Homer, Ram Ramani, James B. Currie, and Ronald C. Hershow. "The natural history of hepatitis D virus infection in Illinois State facilities for the developmentally disabled." American Journal of Gastroenterology 96, no. 2 (February 2001): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03555.x.

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Amburgey, Kimberly, Etsuko Tsuchiya, Sabine de Chastonay, Michael Glueck, Rachel Alverez, Cam-Tu Nguyen, Anne Rutkowski, Joseph Hornyak, Alan H. Beggs, and James J. Dowling. "A natural history study of X-linked myotubular myopathy." Neurology 89, no. 13 (August 25, 2017): 1355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004415.

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Objective:To define the natural history of X-linked myotubular myopathy (MTM).Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study that included an online survey (n = 35) and a prospective, 1-year longitudinal investigation using a phone survey (n = 33).Results:We ascertained data from 50 male patients with MTM and performed longitudinal assessments on 33 affected individuals. Consistent with existing knowledge, we found that MTM is a disorder associated with extensive morbidities, including wheelchair (86.7% nonambulant) and ventilator (75% requiring >16 hours of support) dependence. However, unlike previous reports and despite the high burden of disease, mortality was lower than anticipated (approximate rate 10%/y). Seventy-six percent of patients with MTM enrolled (mean age 10 years 11 months) were alive at the end of the study. Nearly all deaths in the study were associated with respiratory failure. In addition, the disease course was more stable than expected, with few adverse events reported during the prospective survey. Few non–muscle-related morbidities were identified, although an unexpectedly high incidence of learning disability (43%) was noted. Conversely, MTM was associated with substantial burdens on patient and caregiver daily living, reflected by missed days of school and lost workdays.Conclusions:MTM is one of the most severe neuromuscular disorders, with affected individuals requiring extensive mechanical interventions for survival. However, among study participants, the disease course was more stable than predicted, with more individuals surviving infancy and early childhood. These data reflect the disease burden of MTM but offer hope in terms of future therapeutic intervention.

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SWANSON, DANIEL R., STEVEN J. TAYLOR, and SAM W. HEADS. "Nine true bugs (Heteroptera) newly-discovered in Illinois." Zootaxa 4269, no. 4 (May 24, 2017): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4269.4.10.

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Six heteropteran species are reported for the first time from Illinois based on recently caught specimens from various bioinventories: the flat bug Neuroctenus pseudonymus Bergroth (Aradidae: Mezirinae), the stilt bug Metacanthus multispinus (Ashmead) (Berytidae: Metacanthinae), the leaf-footed bugs Anasa repetita Heidemann and Chelinidea vittiger Uhler (Coreidae: Coreinae), the ambush bug Phymata fasciata fasciata (Gray) (Reduviidae: Phymatinae), and the scentless plant bug Arhyssus nigristernum (Signoret) (Rhopalidae: Rhopalinae). Additionally, three more records for the flat bug Nannium pusio Heidemann (Aradidae) and the scentless plant bugs Aufeius impressicollis Stål and Niesthrea louisianica Sailer (Rhopalidae) are newly-reported for the state based on material in the Illinois Natural History Insect Collection (INHS). Supplementing these notes are dichotomous keys to the species of Mezirinae, Berytidae, Coreidae, Phymatinae, and Rhopalidae of Illinois.

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Deegan, P. B. "Natural history of Fabry disease in females in the Fabry Outcome Survey." Journal of Medical Genetics 43, no. 4 (September 9, 2005): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2005.036327.

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Robinson, John R., Issam A. Awad, and John R. Little. "Natural history of the cavernous angioma." Journal of Neurosurgery 75, no. 5 (November 1991): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0709.

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✓ The incidence and natural history of the cavernous angioma have remained unclear in part because of the difficulty of diagnosing and following this lesion prior to surgical excision. The introduction of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has improved the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing and following this vascular malformation. Seventy-six lesions with an MR appearance typical of a presumed cavernous angioma were discovered in 66 patients among 14,035 consecutive MR images performed at the Cleveland Clinic between 1984 and 1989. Follow-up studies in 86% of the cases over a mean period of 26 months provided 143 lesion-years of clinical survey of this condition. The most frequent presenting features were seizure, focal neurological deficit, and headache. While most lesions exhibited evidence of occult bleeding on MR imaging, there was overt hemorrhage in seven of the 57 symptomatic patients and only one overt hemorrhage occurred during the follow-up interval. The annualized bleeding rate was 0.7%. Analysis of the hemorrhage group revealed a significantly greater risk of overt hemorrhage in females. Pathological confirmation of cavernous angioma was obtained in all 14 surgical cases. This information assists in rational therapeutic planning and prognosis in patients with MR images showing lesions suggestive of cavernous angioma.

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Long, Joan C. "The History of Rubber—A Survey of Sources about the History of Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 493–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547648.

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Abstract This paper is a bibliographic survey of the major sources of information about historical aspects of rubber and rubber products that appeared in the 20th century. These sources, primarily those in the English language, on various aspects of rubber history have been categorized according to whether the emphasis is on natural or synthetic rubber, general rubber history and processing, rubber organizations, and people and companies that have played an important role. A section on the history of tires is included.

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Vogelzang, Nicholas J., Amy M. Fremgen, Patrick D. Guinan, Joan S. Chmiel, Joanne L. Sylvester, and Stephen F. Sener. "Primary renal sarcoma in adults. A natural history and management study by the American cancer society, Illinois division." Cancer 71, no. 3 (February 1, 1993): 804–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930201)71:3<804::aid-cncr2820710324>3.0.co;2-a.

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Dougherty, Ryan F., Lauren D. Quinn, A. Bryan Endres, Thomas B. Voigt, and Jacob N. Barney. "Natural History Survey of the Ornamental Grass Miscanthus sinensis in the Introduced Range." Invasive Plant Science and Management 7, no. 1 (March 2014): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00037.1.

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AbstractMiscanthus sinensis is a perennial grass native to Asia, but since its introduction to the United States in the late 19th century, it has become both a major ornamental crop and invasive species. Previous studies of the ecology of M. sinensis in both its introduced and native ranges have suggested that it may be occupying a novel ecological niche in the introduced range. Miscanthus sinensis and its daughter species, Miscanthus × giganteus, are under evaluation as bioenergy crops; therefore, characterization of the ecology and environmental niche of M. sinensis is essential to mitigate the risk of fostering future invasion in the United States. In July 2011, we surveyed 18 naturalized M. sinensis populations spanning the U.S. distribution, covering a 6° latitudinal gradient from North Carolina to Massachusetts. Miscanthus sinensis populations ranged in size from 3 to 181,763 m2 with densities between 0.0012 and 2.2 individuals m−2, and strongly favored highly disturbed and unmanaged habitats such as roadsides and forest edges. Population size and individual plant morphology (i.e., tiller height, basal diameter, and tiller number) were not affected by soil characteristics and nutrient availability, though increased tree canopy cover was associated with reduced population size (P < 0.0001). Plant size and vigor were not significantly affected by low light availability, which supports previous suggestions of shade tolerance of M. sinensis. In summary, M. sinensis can tolerate a broad range of climatic conditions, light availability, and nutrient availability in the eastern United States, suggesting risk of further invasion beyond its current distribution in the United States.

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Schoemans, Helene M., Koen Theunissen, Marc Boogaerts, and Johan Maertens. "Natural History of Post-Allogeneic HSCT EBV-Reactivation: A Single Center Retrospective Survey." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3232.3232.

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Abstract Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) reactivation occurs in about 50% of the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) population in the first year post-transplantation. About 1-7% of these patients run the risk of developing a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Several authors have thus advocated systematic screening by EBV real time PCR (RT-PCR) to initiate pre-emptive treatment of reactivations using Rituximab (van Esser 2002). However, the positive predictive value of EBV RT-PCR is only of 40% (van Esser 2001), implying that this algorithm overtreats a number of patients. Methods: We have retrospectively analyzed 60 consecutive allogeneic HSCT patients transplanted in our center between 1/1/2004 and 31/3/2005. Four patients were excluded because of absence of EBV follow-up (n=2) or autologous reconstitution (n=2). EBV reactivation (EBV (+)) was defined by at least two consecutive episodes of EBV RT-PCR above 1000 copies/ml of whole blood. Any other result was considered as negative (EBV (−)). Results: 1175 EBV RT-PCR samples were collected over a median follow up of 215 days (range: 21–511). The population observed was essentially adults (median age 42 years, range: 1–65) with leukemia (29 leukemia, 11 lymphomas, 16 other diseases), mixed graft types (26 matched sibling donors, 26 matched unrelated donors, 4 haploidentical donors; 77% peripheral blood stem cells; 20% CD34+ selection) and mixed conditioning (52% non-myeloablative conditioning containing ATG, and 48% full conditioning). The EBV(+) and EBV(−) cohorts were similar for all characteristics analyzed. We observed a median of 18 EBV RT-PCR per patient (range: 4–105), with a median interval between two tests of 7 days (range: 3–45). There were 30 true reactivations, 2 intermittent reactivations (non consecutive EBV titer rises above threshold), 8 isolated reactivations and 16 patients with no reactivation episode. EBV RT-PCR was first performed at a median of 6 days post HSCT (range: 0–245), and reactivation was noted at a median of 44 days post HSCT (range: 6–375). There were no significant difference in PCR follow up (first day of screening, median test interval and length of biological follow up) except for the total number of screening tests per patient, which was higher in the EBV(+) group (p= 0.01). There was only one case of biopsy-proven PTLD in the EBV(+) cohort. No patient was administered Rituximab post- HSCT. Survival curves of the two cohorts were similar regardless of EBV reactivation (log-rank, p= 0.201). Discussion: The incidence of EBV reactivation (n= 30; 54%) and of PTLD (n=1;1.7%) were standard compared to previous studies, resulting in a standard specificity of 47% for EBV screening. However, within our limited group of patients, we could not show any significant differences in mortality between the EBV(+) and EBV (−) cohorts. Therefore, absence of preventive treatment for EBV reactivation did not result in an increase in mortality in our EBV reactivating cohort. This suggests that systematic prophylactic use of Rituximab may not affect overall mortality, whilst potentially increasing the risk of other opportunistic infections. Conclusion: Further prospective studies are needed to better define the patients at risk for developing EBV-related PTLD, within the EBV reactivating allogeneic transplant patients group, before prophylactic treatment of reactivation becomes a routine procedure.

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Linnie, Martyn Joseph. "Pest control: A survey of natural history museums in Great Britain and Ireland." International Journal of Museum Management and Curatorship 6, no. 3 (September 1987): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09647778709515078.

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Linnie, M. "Pest control A survey of natural history museums in Great Britain and Ireland." Museum Management and Curatorship 6, no. 3 (September 1987): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0260-4779(87)90034-3.

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Perko, Mario J., Torben V. Schroeder, Peter S. Olsen, Leif P. Jensen, and Jørgen E. Lorentzen. "Natural History of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Survey of 63 Patients Treated Nonoperatively." Annals of Vascular Surgery 7, no. 2 (March 1993): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02001003.

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BECKETT, JOHN, and CHARLES WATKINS. "Natural History and Local History in Late Victorian and Edwardian England: The Contribution of the Victoria County History." Rural History 22, no. 1 (March 7, 2011): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793310000142.

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AbstractIn 1899 the Victoria County History (VCH) was established as a ‘National Survey’ of England which was intended to show the present day condition of the country and trace the ‘domestic history’ of all English counties to the ‘earliest times’. Natural history was seen as a key component to be included in the first volume for every county. In this paper we examine the reasons for the prominence given to natural history and demonstrate how the expert knowledge of natural historians was marshalled and edited. We use the contrasting counties of Herefordshire and Nottinghamshire to examine key intellectual debates about the role of the amateur and the expert and concern about nomenclature, classification and the state of knowledge about different groups of species. We emphasize the importance of the geography of the natural history and the way in which the VCH charted concerns about species loss and extinction. We examine the reasons why the VCH later abandoned natural history and finally we assess the value of its published output for modern historical geographers, historical ecologists and environmental historians.

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Stapf, Christian, Jay P. Mohr, John Pile-Spellman, Robert A. Solomon, Ralph L. Sacco, and E. Sander Connolly. "Epidemiology and natural history of arteriovenous malformations." Neurosurgical Focus 11, no. 5 (November 2001): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2001.11.5.2.

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The epidemiology and natural history of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains incompletely elucidated. Several factors are responsible. With regard to the incidence and prevalence of AVMs, the results of prior studies have suffered because of the retrospective design, the use of nonspecific ICD-9 codes, and a focus on small genetically isolated populations. Recent data from the New York Islands AVM Hemorrhage Study, an ongoing, prospective, population-based survey determining the incidence of AVM-related hemorrhage and the associated rates of morbidity and mortality in a zip code–defined population of 10 million people, suggests that the AVM detection rate is 1.21/100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.42) and the incidence of AVM-hemorrhage is 0.42/100,000 person-years (95% CI 0.32–0.55). Contemporaneous data from the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study, a prospective, longitudinal population-based study of nearly 150,000 patients in which the focus is to define the incidence of stroke, suggest the crude incidence for first-ever AVM-related hemorrhage to be 0.55/100,000 person-years (95% CI 0.11–1.61). Efforts are ongoing to study the natural history of both ruptured and unruptured AVMs in these datasets to examine the relevance of prior studies of patients selected for conservative follow up in Finland. In addition, data are being gathered to determine whether risk factors for future hemorrhage, which have previously been established in small case series, are valid when applied to whole populations. Together, these data should help inform therapeutic decisionmaking.

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Boardman, HF, E. Thomas, DS Millson, and PR Croft. "The Natural History of Headache: Predictors of Onset and Recovery." Cephalalgia 26, no. 9 (September 2006): 1080–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01166.x.

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The objective of this study was to determine predictors of onset of new headache episodes and recovery from headache over one year. A population-based cohort study was conducted, comprising a baseline postal survey to a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years, with follow-up survey after 1 year. Risk factor data at baseline were compared with headache status at follow-up in two groups: (i) those free of recent headache at baseline and (ii) those with a recent headache at baseline. In respondents free of recent headache at baseline, previous headache [risk ratio (RR) 4.15], the presence of other pain at baseline (RR 1.43), severe sleep problems (RR 1.67) and drinking caffeine (RR 1.99) increased the risk of a new headache episode during the follow-up year. In respondents with recent headache at baseline, less severe headaches at baseline predicted recovery during the follow-up year, as did the absence of anxiety [recovery ratio (ReR) 2.84] and of sleep problems (ReR 2.77). Risks for increased headache-related disability reflected those for onset of a new episode and these risks increased in strength for large increases in disability. Sleep problems and caffeine consumption increase the risk of developing headache and thus provide targets for prevention. Low levels of anxiety, sleep problems and the absence of other pain improve the likelihood of recovering and remaining free from headache.

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Kinkley, Jonathan. "Art Thief: An Educational Computer Game Model for Art Historical Instruction." Leonardo 42, no. 2 (April 2009): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2009.42.2.133.

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Cognitive research has revealed learning techniques more effective than those utilized by the traditional art history lecture survey course. Informed by these insights, the author and fellow graduate researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago designed a “serious” computer game demo, Art Thief, as a potential model for a learning tool that incorporates content from art history. The game design implements constructed learning, simulated cooperation and problem solving in a first-person, immersive, goal-oriented mystery set within a virtual art museum.

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Donadieu, Jean, Marie Lamant, Claire Fieschi, Flore Sicre de Fontbrune, Aurélie Caye, Marie Ouachee, Blandine Beaupain, et al. "Natural history of GATA2 deficiency in a survey of 79 French and Belgian patients." Haematologica 103, no. 8 (May 3, 2018): 1278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2017.181909.

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Silvestris, N., S. Leo, T. Di Palma, F. De Vita, T. Gamucci, S. Barni, R. Ferrara, C. Mazzara, G. Numico, and G. Colucci. "Natural History of Bone Metastasis in Gastric Cancer: Results of an Italian Multicenter Survey." Annals of Oncology 23 (September 2012): ix229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33260-9.

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