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Journal articles on the topic 'Illocutionary point'
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1
Wong García, Ernesto. "Toward a pragmatic account and taxonomy of valuative speech acts." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 29, no. 1 (2019): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.17045.won.
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Abstract This paper presents an account of value ascription as an illocutionary force, based on four claims: (1) that value ascription is a kind of illocutionary force, defining a specific kind of speech act, i.e. valuative speech acts (VSAs); (2) that the point of VSAs is ascribing an axiological value to a referent; (3) that VSAs create a weak, inside-oriented truth commitment; and (4) that they are therefore more about the valuating subject than they are about the valuated object. This illocutionary force is described using criteria taken from contemporary speech act theory as well as others that have proven informative. This description results in a rich taxonomy of VSAs. This shows the viability and fruitfulness of a pragmatic account of value ascription, and it contributes to the development of speech act theory, specifically with regard to the distinction between primary and secondary illocutionary points, and the speech act taxonomy itself.
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Zhang, Shuling. "Conversational Storytelling in Chinese Speech Acts." English Linguistics Research 6, no. 3 (2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v6n3p27.
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Conversational narrative or storytelling is a prevalent activity in everyday talk. This paper, drawing on the speech act theory and conversational analysis methodology, examines the conversational storytelling in performing a few types of illocutionary acts like assert, warn, object, advise in Chinese everyday talk. It is found that storytelling plays several significant roles in performing some types of illocutionary acts, i.e. to make a point, to build rapport among friends and even to reduce the face threat. Conversational storytelling may occur immediately after the expression of an illocutionary act, and sometimes before it to indicate certain illocutionary force.
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Saputri, Oki Ayu, and Rawuh Yuda Yuwana. "ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS OF NATASHA ROMANOFF IN BLACK WIDOW: A SEARLEAN ANALYSIS." Acceleration: Multidisciplinary Research Journal 2, no. 04 (2025): 222–28. https://doi.org/10.70210/amrj.v2i04.127.
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Semantics is the study of meaning in language, including how the meanings of words and expressions relate to each other in various forms of discourse. One key branch of semantics is speech act theory, which examines how utterances function as actions. According to Austin, there are three types of speech acts: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. This study focuses on illocutionary acts, which are intended actions performed by the speaker through speech. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method and analyzes the utterances of Natasha Romanoff in the movie Black Widow. The study aims to identify the types and purposes of illocutionary acts used by the main character. Based on Searle’s (1979) classification, illocutionary acts are divided into five types: (1) assertive, (2) directive, (3) commissive, (4) expressive, and (5) declarative. The results show that four types of illocutionary acts are found in Black Widow. In the assertive category, there are six data points used for stating, claiming, and predicting. In the directive category, there is one data point used for ordering. In the commissive category, four data points are found, used for threatening and refraining someone from doing something. Finally, in the expressive category, there are two data points used for condoling and complimenting. These findings reveal how language is used performatively in film to convey emotion, intent, and psychological depth.
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Saifudin, Akhmad. "Teori Tindak Tutur dalam Studi Linguistik Pragmatik." LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 15, no. 1 (2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/lite.v15i1.2382.
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This article explains the theory of speech acts proposed by John L. Austin and his student John R. Searle. Speech act theory is a sub-field of pragmatics. This field of study deals with the ways in which words can be used not only to present information but also to carry out actions. This theory considers three levels or components of speech: locutionary acts (the making of a meaningful statement, saying something that a hearer understands), illocutionary acts (saying something with a purpose, such as to inform), and perlocutionary acts (saying something that causes someone to act). Many view speech acts as the central units of communication, with phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of an utterance serving as ways of identifying the meaning of speaker’s utterance or illocutionary force. There are five types of Illocutionary point according to Searle: declarations, assertives, expressives, directives, and commissives (1979:viii). A speech act, in order to be successful, needs to be performed along certain types of conditions. These conditions were categorized by the linguist John Searle, who introduced the term felicity conditions: propositional content condition, preparatory condition, sincerity condition, and essential condition.
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Fedoryuk, Angelika. "Pragmatic Aspect of Phraseological Units in the English Language." SHS Web of Conferences 69 (2019): 00038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196900038.
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The paper deals with the phraseological intensifiers considered as means of categorization of language intensity which is defined as the amount of illocutionary force that the utterance has, degree of strength of verbal expression of the speakers' intentionality. The paper reveals the pragmatic peculiarities of the phraseological intensifiers in conversation in which they serve as an instrument used by individuals in order to attain certain communicative goals, to convey the speaker pragmatic meaning. In argumentation, which is believed to be a macro speech act, having the illocutionary point to convince a reasonable critic of the acceptability of the standpoint and to resolve differences of opinion, the phraseological intensifier is used to increase the illocutionary force of the argument for and against the expressed standpoint.
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Reinaldy Christian Panduputra and Deden Novan Setiawan Nugraha. "ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN THE MOVIE MIDWAY (2019): A CULTURAL AND PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE." Journal Sampurasun : Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage 10, no. 2 (2024): 17–29. https://doi.org/10.23969/sampurasun.v10i2.14952.
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This study observes the illocutionary acts in the film "Midway" (2019) through the point of view of pragmatics and cultural context. By applying Austin’s and Leech’s speech act theory, the research identifies and categorizes various illocutionary acts and their functions performed by characters throughout the film. This research uses qualitative method in analyzing the movie. The analysis highlights how these acts contribute to the narrative and character development. In addition, the study examines the cultural and historical settings depicted in the film, considering how they influence and shape the illocutionary acts. This dual approach uncovers the interplay between language, culture, and context, providing a deeper understanding of communication dynamics in "Midway." With the types of illocutionary acts proposed by Austin, based on 8 data found, 3 data are Behabitive (37.5%), 1 data is Commissive (12.5%), 4 data are Exercitive (50%), 0 data is Verdictive (0%), and 0 data is Expositive (0%). With the functions of illocutionary acts proposed by Leech, based on 8 data found, 1 data is collaborative (12.5%), 4 data are convivial (50%), 3 data are competitive (37.5%), and 0 data is conflictive (0%). The research also brings 8 data contain practice (100%), 8 data contain perspective (100%), and 0 data contains product (0%).
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Ruf, Nanang Ma. "ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR NOVEL HAFALAN SHALAT DELISA KARYA TERE LIYE MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN PRAGMATIK." sarasvati 4, no. 2 (2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/sv.v4i2.2465.
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This study discusses the analysis of speech acts in the novel entitled Memorization of Prayer Delisa by Tere Liye. The purpose of this study is (1) to describe the form of locutionary speech acts (2) to describe the form of illocutionary speech acts (3) to describe the form of perlocutionary speech acts. This research is expected to be useful for: (1) for students, the results of this study can be used as reference material for future research with related discussions. (2) the results of this study can provide additional knowledge and insight for readers about the pragmatic point of view contained in the novel, especially the novel Memorization of Prayer Delisa by Tere Liye. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The source of the data taken by the researcher is a novel entitled Memories of Delisa Prayers by Tere Liye. The method used is reading and taking notes. The instruments used are (1) the researcher as the first instrument, (2) the Memorable Prayer Delisa novel by Tere Liye. Data collection uses the method of reading and taking notes if the dialogue results in speechlessness. The results of the research are as follows. First, the researcher found the types of speech acts consisting of (1) locutionary speech acts, (2) illocutionary speech acts, (3) perlocutionary speech acts. These types of speech acts contain communication functions including (1) Imperative locutionary speech acts, (2) Declarative locutionary speech acts, (3) Interrogative locutionary speech acts, (4) Arrestive illocutionary speech acts, (5) Directive illocutionary speech acts, (6) Commissive illocutionary speech acts, (7) Expressive illocutionary speech acts, (8) illocutionary declaration speech acts.
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Witek, Maciej. "The Expressive Dimension and Score-changing Function of Speech Acts from the Evolutionist Point of View." Grazer Philosophische Studien 96, no. 3 (2019): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-09603008.
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The aim of this paper is twofold. First, the author examines Mitchell Green’s (2009) account of the expressive power and score-changing function of speech acts; second, he develops an alternative, though also evolutionist approach to explaining these two hallmarks of verbal interaction. After discussing the central tenets of Green’s model, the author draws two distinctions – between externalist and internalist aspects of veracity, and between perlocutionary and illocutionary credibility – and argues that they constitute a natural refinement of Green’s original conceptual framework. Finally, the author uses the refined framework to develop an alternative account of expressing thoughts with words. In particular, he argues that in theorising about expressing thoughts with words – as well as about using language to change context – we should adopt a Millikanian view on what can be called, following Green, acts of communication and an Austinian approach to speech or illocutionary acts.
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-, Ni Luh Dias Henisandiasari. "Analysis of Directive Illocutionary Acts Found In Doctor Strange Movie." ELYSIAN JOURNAL : English Literature, Linguistics and Translation Studies 5, no. 2 (2025): 139–48. https://doi.org/10.36733/elysian.v5i2.7705.
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Communication is a vital point in our daily lives as human beings, and as humans, we often use voice and sound to communicate. Therefore, we use speech acts every time we communicate. The type of speech act that we often use is Directive Illocutionary Act which occurs when we speak to get the listener to do something. We were not only able to spot directive illocutionary acts in daily life, but also a movie and this study aims to identify and analyze the directive illocutionary acts from a dialogue in the movie. The results of the findings show that the Doctor Strange movie contains several types of directive speech acts, such as; Asking, Telling, Urging, Commanding, Requesting, Begging, Advising, Order, Permitting, Requiring and Demanding, Recommending, Forbidding, Prohibiting, and Warning. The writer used the theory by Searle and Vanderveken (1985) to conduct the analysis and used a descriptive qualitative method to collect and analyze the data that were found.
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Galatanu, Olga. "Les marqueurs illocutionnaires holophrastiques du désaccord." Les phraséologismes pragmatiques, no. 29 (December 1, 2021): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/lexique.120.
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Our focus is on a subclass of discourse markers that we have called “holophrasis” (Galatanu, 1984, 1992, 1997, 2016). We define “holophrasis” from linguistic (syntactic and semantic) and pragmatic criteria (types of language acts, stereotypical contexts, propositional content classes), as prefabricated expressions from a cognitive but also contextual point of view, which: – mark the illocutionary force of an act of speech and the link between that force and a class of contexts in which the act is performed; – incorporate a class of propositional content appropriate to these contexts; – imply the propositional content of the occurrence of the act in situation. From the theoretical perspective of semantics of the argumentative possibilities (Galatanu, 2018), particularly, its extension by a unified semantic approach of Illocutionary forces and their linguistic realizers, we hypothesize that these expressions coming from a pragmaticalization process (Dostie, 2004), have a complex semantics, enriched by the modal complexity of the illocutionary act they perform and by the complexity of the class of discursive contexts to which they refer. This semantics underlies their pragmatic polyfunctionality. We illustrate our theoretical proposition with three holophrasis among those identified as expression of disagreement – ben voyons; allons, allons and et alors/après – and propose a conceptual model (Meunier, 2009) of the illocutionary acts concerned by these expressions.
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Shatskaya, Marina F. "Illocutionary suicide as a pragmatic core of comic speech genres." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 6 (November 2023): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-23.057.
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The article is devoted to the study of “illocutionary suicide” in comic speech genres, the basis for the analysis of which was the model of the speech genre developed by T.V. Shmeleva. In linguopragmatics there is a narrow (Z. Wendler) and a broad understanding of the named pragmatic phenomenon. Given the specifics of Russian performatives, by “illocutionary suicide” we mean a speech act in which a verb (phrase, idiom) is used, forming the intention of “self-exposure”. During the analysis of the empirical material it was found that “illocutionary suicide” is stated only in jokes, jokes, comic dialogues and humorous “opinions about”. In addition to the obligatory intention to make the interlocutor laugh, intentional “self-exposure” also acts as a presenter. The axiological component of all the analyzed comic speech genres is multifaceted: from the point of view of real communicants, actions called “provocative” verbs are condemned by society; from the point of view of the heroes of these works, assessments and values can vary, up to a positive attitude to autonomous actions and deeds. The leading type of presumption is counterethical, which includes additional semantic shades. It is revealed that the content of the proposition is based mainly on ontological anomalies, sometimes synthesized with logical or lingual ones. The linguistic embodiment is presented in the traditional form for a performative speech act, or is mitigated by negation and constructions with the semantics of the condition.
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Houston, Walter. "What Did the Prophets Think They Were Doing? Speech Acts and Prophetic Discourse in the Old Testament." Biblical Interpretation 1, no. 2 (1993): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851593x00043.
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AbstractThe texts in the prophetic books which suggest a consciousness of the power of the divine word form the starting-point for an investigation of prophetic discourse in these books in terms of J.L. Austin and J.R. Searle's theory of speech acts. R.P. Carroll's suggestions on the topic are critically examined, and a study is then undertaken of judgement prophecy to demonstrate that it should be understood as having the illocutionary force of a declaration placing the hearers (or a third party) under judgement. The response narrated or expected to such prophecies in prophetic narratives is shown to be ambiguous as between mourning over an accomplished act of judgement and prayer for mercy, and this is seen to be appropriate to an illocutionary act of that kind.
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Bitner, I. A., A. V. Korshunova, and B. O. Luzin. "CLICKBAIT HEADLINES THROUGH THE PRISM OF SPEECH ACTS THEORY." Siberian Philological Forum 14, no. 2 (2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2021-14-2-75.
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Statement of the problem. The article discusses the peculiarities of YouTube video clickbait headlines. Some video makers are profit-conscious and deliberately headline their videos using eye-catching words that often have nothing to do with the real content in order to maximize the number of clicking the links. Such headlines aim at deceiving the recipients as for the content of the text or video, affecting their perception, attracting their attention and making them watch the video after all. Such headlines are known as clickbait, for they trap the reader or viewer with deliberately sensational or incomplete information. In this case promotional impact purposefully overrides the nominative function resulting in the peculiarity of the clickbait. The form of speech acts, including stylistic, lexical, syntactical, spelling and punctuation features, makes them stand out of other texts corpus. Particular attention is paid to discerning them as directive illocutionary acts and to proving that they meet all Searle’s requirements for such phenomena including illocutionary point, condition of sincerity, direction of fit. The purpose of the article is to analyze YouTube video clickbait headlines as directive illocutionary acts. Research methodology. The main method of research is qualitative content-analysis that involves revealing a specific meaning expressed with a clickbait headline as a significant element of a media text, as well as a communicative-pragmatic analysis aimed at identifying directive illocutionary force. Research results. Communicative success of clickbait headlines correlates with the “curiosity gap” manifesting itself in recipient’s information lacuna. The recipient should be able to bridge the former to avoid excessive cognitive attempts, clickbait headlines being a tool for that. Conclusions. Clickbait headlines analysis results in identifying them as directive illocutionary acts, for they foreground the perlocutionary function deliberately neglecting nominative one, thus manipulating an information recipient.
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Chistanova, Svetlana. "The "Logic" of the natural language functioning in the Oxford School philosophy." Semiotic studies 3, no. 3 (2023): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2023-3-3-8-12.
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This article focuses on the linguistic philosophy, specifically on John Austin's theory of speech acts. This theory examines the speech acts in the situation of direct communication. The theory author divides the speech acts into three action types, and introduces terms for their designation: locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary acts. Austin tried to identify and classify illocutionary verbs, but he did not give a precise definition or criteria for classification; he proposed dividing all the verbs into 'classes of use', upon that, the same verb could belong to different classes. The article author analyzes the speech act theory development lines, particularly, the research of John Rogers Searle, who was a follower of J. Austin. He introduced such terms as illocutionary point, conditions of satisfaction, direction of fit. These three terms allow him to identify five varieties of speech acts: assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, declaratives. It is Searle's philosophy of language that remains popular among linguists who try to find the structural rules that create the phenomenon. The article discusses other development variants of John Austin's ideas, related to the speech communication modelling and discourse theory. The author concludes by pointing out the weaknesses of the everyday language theory.
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Saifudin, Akhmad. "Teori Tindak Tutur dalam Studi Linguistik Pragmatik." LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 15, no. 1 (2019): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2669775.
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This article explains the theory of speech acts proposed by John L. Austin and his student John R. Searle. Speech act theory is a sub-field of pragmatics. This field of study deals with the ways in which words can be used not only to present information but also to carry out actions. This theory considers three levels or components of speech: locutionary acts (the making of a meaningful statement, saying something that a hearer understands), illocutionary acts (saying something with a purpose, such as to inform), and perlocutionary acts (saying something that causes someone to act). Many view speech acts as the central units of communication, with phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of an utterance serving as ways of identifying the meaning of speaker’s utterance or illocutionary force. There are five types of Illocutionary point according to Searle: declarations, assertives, expressives, directives, and commissives (1979:viii). A speech act, in order to be successful, needs to be performed along certain types of conditions. These conditions were categorized by the linguist John Searle, who introduced the term felicity conditions: propositional content condition, preparatory condition, sincerity condition, and essential condition.
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Burtsev, V. A. "Features of the Use of Addressed Statements in Russian Orthodox Sermon." Nauchnyi dialog 1, no. 10 (2020): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-10-9-25.
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The features of the use of addressed utterances are considered from the point of view of the concept of asubjectivation, as opposed to the locuous activity of the subject of speech. Asubjectivation is defined as the presence in the semantics of the statement of the point of view of a non-assertive judgment subject, which is not perceived by the speaker’s sphere of consciousness and imposes restrictions on the meaning of the illocutionary act. The main method for identifying and describing asubjectivation in addressed utterances in a sermon is the identification of the scope and illocutionary force of the utterance. It has been proven that addressed utterances in a sermon, regardless of the speaker’s intentions, cover any communication participants, including those who turn out to be casual listeners. In addition, asubjectivation manifests itself as a requirement for the speaker to perform the illocutionary act “informative”, addressed to all participants in communication together, and at the same time — the speech act “message”, which regulates adequate interaction with the recipients of speech when using the language in the sermon. As a material, the authors considered statements built on the grammatical base of sentences with propositional (complex with additional clauses) and non-propositional meanings (impersonal with a due predicate). The relevance of the research is associated with the study of a new type of relationship in the semantic-syntactic structure of the sentence. The concept of asubjectivation allows us to formulate principles that regulate the features of referential relations in the structure of a sentence, taking into account the specifics of discourse.
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Guyud, Mark Philippe. "ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS OF SENT AND UNSENT MESSAGES VIA PERSONAL MESSAGES AND GROUP CHATS." Leksema: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 7, no. 2 (2022): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v7i2.5368.
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New features of communication technology are gaining much attention in computer-mediated communication in relation to speech acts and conversational implicatures which aim to transcend the conventional and nonconventional meaning of words, phrases, or sentences when an interlocutor conveys messages in varied contexts. By examining 30 exchanges and conducting survey interviews, this study concerns the illocutionary acts of sent and unsent messages both in personal messages and group chats via an online messaging application. The findings show that there are 7 identified meanings of unsent messages; moreover, although there are similarities, the meaning varies depending on the context. The study also shows that students use representatives more frequently than the other illocutionary acts in sent messages both in personal and group chats. It is also noteworthy to point out that students rarely use greeting speech acts in their messages.
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Natsheh, Bayan, and Ahmad Atawneh. "Image Polishing in Trump’s Digital Campaign: The Case of Speech Act of Persuasion." Hebron University Research Journal (HURJ): B- (Humanities) 16, no. 1 (2021): 292–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.60138/161202110.
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Trump is an exceptional politician and so was his 2016 campaign. He did not choose traditional methods of campaigning, but rather he has changed the way campaigns are run. The most prominent feature of his campaign was his constant attempts to polish his image. The current paper analyzed the speech act in his tweets as an attempt to reveal what techniques he used to polish his image and how he took advantage of the features of social media to reach this goal. This goal was accomplished by identifying the illocutionary point of 470 tweets that were selected from the verified account of Donald Trump according to their themes. After that, the way that the different illocutionary acts were used in shaping the mode of image polishing to fulfill the perlocutionary object of persuasion was clarified. Two developed taxonomies were used for analyzing the tweets. The first one was an integration between the taxonomies of Searle's classification of illocutionary acts and Bach and Harnish’s taxonomy of communicative and non-communicative illocutionary acts. The second one was a development of Aristotle modes, Cialdini’s principles, and Shabo's techniques of persuasion. The results showed that Trump concentrated on using the expressive and representative acts to gain the trust of the majority of the American people by turning their minds to his merits and Hillary’s drawbacks. He used the techniques of card stacking, retweeting anti-opponents tweets, and mudslinging to achieve negative-opponents representation. The techniques of retweeting supportive tweets and showing authority were used to achieve positive-self representation. The contrasting technique was used to achieve both negative-opponents and positive-self representation.
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Воронкина, М., and M. Voronkina. "Illocutionary Force of Questions in Hymn of “Rigveda” bravavrttam." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 8, no. 4 (2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d4d6de186f103.11990534.
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The topicality of the appeal to the language material of the “Rigveda” is conditioned by its significance for the study of the role of the archaic ritual in the formation of human communication. The point of issue of the paper is the questions contained in the cosmogonic hymn of the «Rigveda» bravavrttam where they are left unanswered. The work aims to throw light onto the illocutionary force of these questions against the background of a communicative in nature Vedic ritual practice. To achieve this aim the author deals not only with the meaning content of the hymn but also its pragmatics, the part it plays in the ritual communication as well as involved cognitive mechanism and traits of its phonetic, musical and poetic form. The research makes it possible to verify our ideas on the nature of the Vedic ritual and enhances the understanding of its texts. The work shows impossibility of an adequate interpretation of the Vedic text elements regardless to the pragmatics and communicative intents of the ritual speech. The main result of the research is the assumption of presumed by the Vedic mindset a divine verbal contribution to the magic practice of the ritual cosmogony.
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Quickert, K., and Steve Nicolle. "Jesus and Illocutionary Forces: Common Functions of Conditionals in the Gospels." Journal of Translation 18, no. 2 (2022): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54395/jot-6yd3x.
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In this paper we look at the various functions of conditionals in Jesus’ speech as recorded in the gospels. We will show how Jesus often uses conditionals to describe hypothetical situations, frequently as illustrations to support a teaching point. We will also look at the way in which Jesus uses conditionals to argue from a known fact to a novel proposition, often using a familiar concrete situation to illustrate a novel spiritual truth. Differences between the ways that the gospel writers use the Greek conditional constructions are also noted.
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Ponomaryova, Inna V. "Illocutionary Compulsion as a Sign of Pseudocommunication." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, no. 1 (2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-1-61-70.
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The study is timely and actual, since at present, due to the aggravation of interethnic and interstate relations, it is necessary to study discursive mechanisms, taking into account which would more successfully develop methods and models of dialogical discourse, formulate criteria and choose adequate means of carrying out dialogical activities at different levels of communication. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of dialogical speech in ineffective communication situations. The dialogical discourse fragments extracted by applying continuous sampling method the 20th century fiction which served as the material of the study. The methods of contextual analysis, interactional and intentional analysis were used in the study. The research allows comprehend from a linguistic point of view the regulation process of speech behavior of the dialogical interaction participants, to deepen the knowledge of nature and features of speech communication. Illocutionary compulsion is considered to be creating conditions by the communicant when the communicative partner is forced to participate in the communicative process contrary to the will and desire. The factor of illocutionary compulsion means dialogic interaction infringement on the communicative level, performing communicative characteristics of the dialogical discourse and determining the unity of the content aspect of the dialogical interaction; on the interactive level, which determines the interconnectedness of speech actions in communication; and on the perceptual level, associated with the personal socio-psychological and emotional-expressive characteristics of the communicants. On the communicative level such violations mean inconsistency of communicative intentions and strategies of the partners, inadequacy of the illocutionary focus, both structural and semantic incompatibility of replicas of partners, uninformativeness, unactuality, insignificance of messages within the dialogical interaction, violation of the principles governing speech communication. On the interactive level, such violations are manifested as the lack of interaction synchronization of speech actions of the communicants, non-focus of the partners actions on correlating the goals of each of the parties and on organizing their achievement, the lack of connection between speech courses and the lack of verbal and non-verbal signals providing interaction regulation. On the perceptual level such violations are incompatibility of peculiarities of worldview and world perception of the communicants, inadequacy of perception, interpretation and assessment of communicative partners of each other, inconsistency in motivation for actions, inadequate tonality of communication, incompatibility of expression of an emotional state and psychological mood. Thereby the factor of illocutionary compulsion promotes the formation of pseudocommunicative contacts situations. The process does not lead to the jointly created result, since it is carried out exclusively as a speaking process. The phenomenon of the pseudocommunicative contact includes various types of other negative phenomena and is characterized by the lack of general communicative meaning. The communication is made as a process but not a result therefore it is considered as unsuccessful, ineffective and unpromising
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Seymour, Michel. "La force illocutionnaire est-elle une composante essentielle de la signification conventionnelle?" Dialogue 24, no. 3 (1985): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300040324.
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Une hypothèse fondamentale avancée par Searle et Vanderveken dans Foundations of Illocutionary Logic est que la force illocutionnaire est un élé;ment essentiel de la signification conventionnelle. La signification conventionnelle, qui est une propriété d'énoncé, s'oppose en gros ici à la signification intentionnelle, qui est une propriété prédiquée aux locuteurs. J'aimerais questionner certaines des motivations qui sont susceptibles de nous amener à accepter ce point de vue.
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Brassac, Christian. "Speech acts and conversational sequencing." Pragmatics and Cognition 2, no. 1 (1994): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.2.1.08bra.
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The question of the use of speech act theory in accounting for conversational sequencing is discussed from the point of view of the explanation of linguistic interaction. On the one hand, this question lies at the heart of the opposition between conversational analysis and discourse analysis. On the other, it dominates the discussion around a text by Searle called "Conversation". After summarizing what is at stake in the debate, I focus on the positions of two authors, Dascal and Van Rees, who favor the idea of a possible (and necessary) combination of illocutionary logic and the analysis of conversational interactions. My own position consists in taking into account the new elements that have recently enriched illocutionary logic (particularly the integration of perlocution through the notion of satisfaction conditions) within the framework of an essentially dialogical position. The proposed approach is in agreement with the theses of these two authors and complements them with elements that satisfy their demands.
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Puruhito, Gregorius Gyan, Mangatur Nababan, and Djatmika. "A Translation Study on Speech Acts Violating Politeness Maxim in Gerald’s Game Novel." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 1 (2022): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.1.19.
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This study focuses on how the speech acts violating politeness maxim in a novel titled Gerald’s Game are translated from English into Bahasa Indonesia. Therefore, this study has three main objectives: (1) to find out the types of speech act which could accommodate the violation of politeness maxim, (2) to find out the translation techniques used to translate the speech acts (3) to find out the impact of the translation technique toward the shift in the speech acts. This study adopted a descriptive qualitative method. The data are limited to speech acts violating politeness maxim from the English and Bahasa Indonesia version of Gerald's Game novel. The compiled data will be validated through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and analyzed using the document analysis technique. All data will be categorized based on the type of illocutionary point, and then the translation technique will be analyzed. This study shows that there are 4 types of speech acts violating the politeness maxim: assertive, directive, expressive, and commissive. There are 16 different translation techniques used to translate the speech acts violating the politeness maxim. Among the translation technique, the application of the reduction technique causes a shift in the illocutionary point. The speech act is shifted from an expressive type into an assertive type. More considerations are needed before using the reduction technique to translate speech acts violating the politeness maxim.
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Wijana, I. Dewa Putu. "On Speech Acts." Journal of Pragmatics Research 3, no. 1 (2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v3i1.14-27.
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This paper is intended to give insights to the readers about the development of speech act theories which include categories, characteristics, validities, and strategies. The research begins with the classification of speech acts done by some experts and continues with the description of characteristics and validities carried out especially by Austin and Searle, and ends with speech act strategies developed by Parker and Riley, using examples taken from Indonesian, Javanese, Balinese, and English, four languages that the writer masters relatively well. Most Indonesian, Balinese, and Javanese data together with their context are created intuitively as a native or nearly-native speaker while some English utterances are created and the others extracted from pragmatic textbooks used as references in this study. Research findings show that there are various types of speech acts, and each speech act has its own validity conditions. Among them, illocutionary acts constitute the focal point of pragmatics’ studies. The description shows that every expert of pragmatics uses different categories in classifying illocutionary acts, and the kinds of strategies used to express them.Keywords: pragmatics, speech act, speech act strategy.
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Mehu, Marc, and Savannah Sweeting. "Automatic behaviour analysis reveals links between facial expression and speech acts’ illocutionary point, strength, and valence." Journal of Pragmatics 241 (May 2025): 41–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2025.03.006.
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Zalikha and Dian Budiarti. "Examining Illocutionary Acts: Male and Female Judges’ Comments on Indonesia’s Next Top Model." SPHOTA: Jurnal Linguistik dan Sastra 16, no. 1 (2024): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/sphota.v16i1.7176.
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This article delves into the linguistic and discursive aspects of communication, exploring the application of theories proposed by J.L. Austin (1975) and John Searle (1969) to understand the illocutionary acts employed by the male and female judges in Indonesia's Next Top Model. Within the context of reality television, where judgments and critiques are integral components, the language used by judges holds particular significance. This study aims to delve into the illocutionary acts employed by male and female judges in the popular television show "Indonesia's Next Top Model Cycle 3." The research method for this study employed a qualitative research approach, involved describing data from real-life situations or phenomena in their natural context within the reality show to explore the nuances and meanings of illocutionary acts in judges' comments. A sample of episodes from Indonesia's Next Top Model Cycle 3 was selected for analysis, ensuring representation of both male and female judges' comments. The dataset consisted of 266 utterances, 132 utterances from male judges' comments and 134 utterances from female judges' comments. In this study, it is found that the female judges had a greater variety of speech acts where they used all types of speech acts when giving comments. Whereas male judges only used three types of speech acts. The most dominant type of speech act of both male and female judges is assertives/representatives. It is inferred that both male and female judges are having or showing a confident and forceful personality in their utterances. In this study, it can also be seen that female judges are more to the point or overt than male judges.
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Attamimy, Husein Furqani, Esti Junining, and Ismatul Khasanah. "SPEECH ACT ANALYISIS OF JACINDA ARDERN ABOUT COVID-19." Elite English and Literature Journal 7, no. 2 (2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/10.24252/elite.v7i2a9.
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This study attempts to analyze the illocutionary act of Jacinda Ardern speech by using Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis. The data of this study is a video transcript of Jacinda Ardern’s speech on policies regarding Covid-19 which she delivered on Mar 22, 2020. The data analysis of the study is a descriptive study using Fairclough’s theory of discourse analysis. The result shows that it is known that the types of speech used in Ardern’s speech are representative and commissive illocutionary speech. From the point of view of Fairclough’s discourse analysis, Ardern’s utterances tend to use language that is straightforward, concise and easy to understand. Her utterances do not use figurative language that might be used to disguise the real language of the situation at hand. The language used by Ardern tends to be straightforward and reveal facts that occur in the field and provide sufficient explanation for the consequences that will occur in the future. However, on the other hand, she can choose good words so that people’s worries do not get bigger. She can also control and reduce public concern by giving a statement about the actions that the government will take to tackle the coronavirus.
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Trubnikova, Victoriya Yu. "Pragmatic (In)appropriateness of Diminutives in Russian Language." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, no. 4 (2021): 1160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-4-1160-1174.
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The article discusses the issue of pragmatic meanings of diminutive forms in the Russian language from the point of view of politeness and speech act theories. The impact of diminutives on the illocutionary force and perlocutionary effects of speech acts raises the question of their appropriateness in various communicative situations. Since there is a negative bias towards diminutives among lay native speakers, it was decided to analyse their opinions, beliefs and feelings in order to define 1) the speakers illocutionary intentions; 2) contexts of use and 3) perlocutionary effects. The online articles, forums, posts on social networks and comments of Internet users were collected, with a total amount of 23 sources and 714 user comments. The emic and bottom-up approach referred to speakers intuition reveal 1) negative attitude towards diminutives in hierarchical relationships, 2) perception of diminutives as a positive politeness tool in low distance relationships, 3) perception of diminutives as a manipulative tool in unequal relationships. Thus, the appropriate use of diminutives calls for pragmatic skills to assess a communicative situation in terms of social variables, such as social distance and power, mutual costs and benefits, rights and obligations of interlocutors.
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Liu, Xin. "Pragmalinguistic challenges for trainee interpreters in achieving accuracy." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 22, no. 1 (2020): 87–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.00035.liu.
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Abstract In cross-examination, questions are used by counsel as powerful tools to control witness testimonies. In bilingual courtrooms, conveying the subtlety in the use of questions from one language to another is crucial for all participants. However, achieving a high level of accuracy is extremely demanding due to the intricacy of courtroom discourse and the complexity of interpreting in such an institutional setting. Drawing on a moot court exercise at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, this study investigates the most common pragmalinguistic challenges for trainee interpreters in achieving accuracy when interpreting cross-examination questions from English to Mandarin. Findings show that it can be challenging to produce pragmatically accurate renditions: Mandarin interpretations have an overall weakened illocutionary force compared to the original English questions. In particular, declaratives, reported speech declaratives, modal interrogatives, and tag questions are found to be difficult to interpret into Mandarin. This paper also explores the way the illocutionary force of the interpreted questions deviates from the original and the possible causes for this shift. Findings point to the need to enhance pragmatic competence among trainee interpreters, which in turn will require specialised training for interpreters working in legal settings.
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Cornillie, Bert. "The shift from lexical to subjective readings of Spanish prometer ‘to promise’ and amenazar ‘to threaten’. a corpus-based account." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 14, no. 1 (2004): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.14.1.04cor.
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The Spanish verbs amenazar ‘to threaten’ andprometer ‘to promise’ do not only have a lexical reading but can also yield a subjective one, whereby the likelihood of the event expressed in the infinitive receives a negative, resp. a positive, evaluation. Three hypotheses are being tested: 1) as an outcome of the illocutionary force and the subject commitment attached to lexical prometer, the subjective readings of the latter may be expected to score high on the probability scale, whereas the event introduced by subjective amenazar will score low, in line with the lack of illocutionary force and weak subject commitment in lexical reading of this verb. 2) The viewpoint substantiated by the two verbs also differs: Whereas amenazar renders an event-oriented evidential reading from an internal point of view, prometer projects an external viewpoint leading to a more speaker-oriented subjective reading. 3) As a result of (1) and (2), prometer should easily combine with negatively oriented complements, whereas amenazar should resist taking positively oriented ones. The corpus research fully corroborates the first two hypotheses. The data, however, fail to unequivocally sustain the third one, especially because amenazar displays more flexibility than expected.
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Yi, Ran. "Interpreting Declarative Questions in Australian Courts." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 4, no. 4 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v4i4.246.
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In common law courtrooms, questions are not merely questions, as they are often used strategically with varying illocutionary force and point. This article dealt with the under-investigated Chinese-English interpretations of declarative questions in virtual court proceedings. Drawn upon the interpreting performance data collected from 50 certified interpreters, the findings revealed that systematic alterations of declaratives that shift the pragmatic force in cross-examination. Such alterations may have further implications for counsels’ questioning strategies and judicial outcomes. This study intends to inform future pedagogical practice in specialised court interpreter training.
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Tenridinanti, Tamara Becce, Indawan Syahri, Maribel Casinto Abalos, and Rini Susanti. "Indonesian Culture Influence Towards English Directive Acts Used by Senior High School Students." IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education) 1, no. 1 (2021): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v1i1.20127.
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ABSTRACTIn uttering the English language, especially English directive acts, Indonesian people do not deliver it directly, but they convey it long-winded. It is influenced by the Indonesian culture that tends to convolute in explaining something which is different from the English-speaking culture that speaks straight to the point. The objectives of the study were to identify the common types of directive illocutionary acts and to describe how the Indonesian culture is represented in English illocutionary acts made by the students of SMA Negeri 10 Palembang. The method of the study was descriptive-qualitative. The data was collected from twenty-six participants of SMA Negeri 10 Palembang through the role-play technique. Results of this study showed eight common types of English directive acts: commanding, requesting, suggesting, forbidding, questioning, permitting, encouraging, and wishing. Besides, the resemblance between the Indonesian culture and illocutionary acts has an interconnection shown in culture transfer. In this this study in particular, questioning was the most dominant directive act, and this is because Indonesian people tend to ask first before uttering straight to the point and suggesting was the second most dominant whereas requesting was the least dominant. ABSTRAKDalam pengucapan bahasa Inggris khususnya bahasa Inggris directive act, orang Indonesia tidak menyampaikannya secara langsung, tetapi menyampaikannya dengan bertele-tele. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh budaya Indonesia yang berbelit-belit dalam menjelaskan sesuatu yang berbeda dengan budaya Inggris yang berbicara langsung ke intinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis ilokusi direktif yang umum dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana kemiripan budaya Indonesia dalam ilokusi bahasa Inggris yang dibuat oleh siswa SMA Negeri 10 Palembang. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada dua puluh enam peserta SMA Negeri 10 Palembang melalui peragaan role play. Studi ini menunjukkan delapan jenis tindakan direktif bahasa Inggris yang umum seperti memerintah, meminta, menyarankan, melarang, mempertanyakan, mengizinkan, mendorong, dan berharap. Selain itu, kemiripan budaya Indonesia dengan ilokusi memiliki keterkaitan yang terlihat dalam transfer budaya. Dari penelitian ini, bertanya sangat dominan karena masyarakat Indonesia cenderung bertanya terlebih dahulu sebelum berbicara langsung ke pokok permasalahan. Dominasi kedua menunjukkan, dan yang terakhir meminta.
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Sourou Koutchadé, Innocent. "Analysing Speech Acts in Buhari’s Address at the 71st Session of the UN General Assembly." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 3 (2017): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.3p.226.
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This article aims at examining the language of a political speech through the linguistic theory of pragmatics. The focus of the study is, specifically, to identify speech acts used in Buhari’s address at the 71st session of the UN General Assembly. Such an analysis is meant to emphasize the way the Nigerian president conveyed his intentions and his country’s priorities in line with the general theme of the Assembly. The paper has adopted Searle’s (1969) speech act theory. The identification of illocutionary acts in the speech through a tabulated statistics shows that there are 52.56% of representative acts, 19.23% of directive acts, 16.66% of expressive acts, 11.53% of commissive acts and 00% of declaration acts. The findings reveal the dominance of representative illocutionary acts showing that Buhari has mainly expressed his beliefs regarding the theme of the assembly and the priorities of his country. Directive acts are used to make suggestions whereas commissives are used to point out the challenges to be taken up by Buhari and his audience and expressives reflect his psychological state while addressing the world leaders. The paper concludes that this study of speech acts has made it easy to comprehend the message of the Nigerian president in his address.
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Salema, Luís Fernando, and Conceição Carapinha. "Não sei como dizer em português para não sembrare tão maleducada – o ato de censura na interlíngua de falantes de PLNM “I don´t know how to say it in Portuguese without sounding so disrespectful”- the act of criticism in the interlanguage of non-native." REDIS: REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DO DISCURSO 11 (2022): 246–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21833958/red11a9.
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There are few studies in the framework of Interlanguage Pragmatics on how foreign language learners produce the illocutionary speech act of criticism. This is a demanding act, as it threatens the interlocutor’s face, leading to negative emotions, and with implications regarding interpersonal relationships. With focus on a pragmatic perspective, this study aims to analyse the illocutionary speech act of criticism in a formal and asymmetrical context produced by learners of Portuguese as a foreign language. Through a set of oral productions by B1 level students in the project CORal-Cocorpus, and Nguyen’s (2005) model as support, the present analysis intends to (i)identify the direct and indirect intentions of the act of criticism, (ii) list the semantic formulas used by learners, (iii) evaluate the modification strategies students used and (iv) present a proposal for the prototypical structure of this speech act set produced by those learners. The results point to a continuum between the act of criticism and the act of request. There is also evidence of two critical areas in the production of that act, one related to the erroneous use regarding formal and informal language (forms of address) and the other is caused by the coexistent use of strategies that lead to mitigation and intensification
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Zakowski, Samuel. "The evolution of the Ancient Greek deverbal pragmatic markerságe, íthiandphére." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 19, no. 1 (2018): 55–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.16009.zak.
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AbstractIn this paper, I look at the Ancient Greek expressionságe, íthiandphére, which are all usually translated as ‘come (on)’. After discussing some existing accounts of these items, I look at their structural – syntactic properties and argue that they can be regarded as pragmaticalized imperatives. Then, I propose a new interpretation of their function – on this analysis, they can be regarded as conversational “boosters”, increasing the degree of strength of the illocutionary point of the utterance. Finally, I look at their diachronic development – in the corpus under consideration,ágeis gradually replaced byíthias the expression used with other imperatives, whilephéredevelops as the preferred expression for use with non-imperative directive utterances.
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Jin, Dawei. "The intervention effect in suzhounese polar questions." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 58, no. 4 (2018): 775–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2022-0031.
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Abstract The Suzhounese polar question exhibits intervention effects, manifested by the linearity constraint barring anti-topical expressions against c-commanding the polar particle. This paper proposes to derive the intervention pattern from two assumptions. Namely, the polar operator is interpreted higher than the C-domain Q operator, and topics project a secondary illocutionary act independently of the primary act associated with the comment. I further show that the Suzhounese pattern is linked to linearity constraints elsewhere (e.g. in why-adjuncts) that crucially draw upon the exceptional wide scope of topics. I point out that the connections I have drawn motivate a novel class of scope effect that is distinct from the better understood focus-induced intervention.
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Moiseeva, Anna. "THE ROLE OF THE CONCEPT OF PERFORMATIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INDIRECT COMMUNICATION RESEARCH." Respublica literaria, RL. 2021. vol.2. no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47850/rl.2021.2.1.48-61.
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The article traces one of the lines of influence of the analytic philosophy of language on the humanities, in particular, on linguistics – the line that is associated with the perception of the concept of performativity and the corresponding view of language in studies of indirect communication. The distinction between illocutionary and perlocutionary speech act formulated by J. Austin is applied to the case of indirect communication, as a result of which it is concluded that the performative properties of language can manifest themselves not only in illocution, but also in perlocution. It is shown that many examples of indirect communication function like performatives – the concept of an indirect performative is introduced to denote them – and can be described from the point of view of a performative approach.
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DEWAELE, JEAN-MARC. "Dynamic emotion concepts of L2 learners and L2 users: A Second Language Acquisition perspective." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 11, no. 2 (2008): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728908003313.
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Pavlenko's keynote paper calls for a rethinking of models of the mental lexicon in the light of recent research into emotion and bilingualism. The author makes a convincing case for the inclusion of affective aspects in the study of the mental lexicon. Indeed, the knowledge of the degree of emotionality of a word and of its affective valence is just as important as the knowledge of that word's grammatical class, or its gender. From a pragmatic point of view, one could argue that an L2 user's inaccurate or incomplete understanding of the emotionality and valence of an emotion word, or an emotion-laden word, in the L2 might lead to unwanted illocutionary effects, which might be far more embarrassing than phonological, morphological or syntactical errors.
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Pozhar, Anastasiia B. "AGE-RELATED CONVERSATIONS IN ANGLO-AMERICAN LITERARY DISCOURSE: A LINGUOPRAGMATIC ASPECT." MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 23, no. 1 (2020): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.1.2020.207238.
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AbstractThe paper focuses on the problem of age-related conversations which are analyzed from the point of viewof their speech acts characteristics. Such types of speech acts as expressives, direct and indirect representatives,directives and commissives have been specified from the viewpoint of their illocutionary subtypes on the criteriaof "hedged-unhedged", "direct-indirect", "idiomatic-inferential", "actual-pseudo". The paper reveals and describesthe most and less frequently used types of speech acts.RésuméThe paper focuses on the problem of age-related conversations specified from the viewpoint of theirillocutionary properties. The research aims at the identification of speech acts regularly used to describeand characterize age; such acts specification according to multifaceted criteria: "hedged / unhedged","direct / indirect", "idiomatic / inferential", as well as introducing the category of pseudo-speech act.Based on in-depth analysis of age-related dialogues collected from English-based literary discourseand applying the integrative method of research, which involves speech acts explanatory tools, form /function pragmatics and face and politeness approach, the paper has three major findings.Age meanings and age-related situations in the dialogues of the characters are most regularlyspecified by speech acts of direct representatives (both simple and complex) with assertive illocutionof statements about the age and age-associated behavioural stereotypes. Direct and indirect expressivesrepresent the second type of age-associated speech acts in the characters' conversations. Expressiveillocutionary force conveys emotional and evaluative attitudes of speakers regarding their own and other'sage, the processes of aging and adulthood, as well as the difference in age. Less frequent are directiveswith the illocutionary force of advice, suggestion or prohibition related the age-associated behaviourof the addressee. The least frequent group includes indirect commissives and pseudo-commissives.The identified direct directives differ in their formal-structural markers of illocutionary force,correlating with unhedged face threatening acts, appropriate in close relationships, and with hedgednegative politeness strategies to lessen the damaged effect of age-related matters. Indirect directivesare differentiated into idiomatic and inferentional subtypes, which correlate with degree of theirimplicitness and context-boundness. The paper coins and justifies the term "pseudo-commissives",designating the acts with illocution of promise that the speaker is not able to fulfill.
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Sokolova, Olga V. "Contro tutto e contro tutti: The linguistic pragmatics of protest in the Italian futurists’ manifestoes." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 20, no. 1 (2023): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2023.106.
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The speech act theory by J.L.Austin and the conception of the degree of strength of illocutionary force (point) by J.R. Searle and D.Vanderveken underlies the study of exercitive speech act as the act of objection/protest expressed by prepositions contro and against ‘против’. Historically, protest as a genre goes back to the Ancient rhetorical tradition, but in the 20th century, it has also become an aesthetic foundation of the Avant-garde poetic discourse. The expression of protest and a critical attitude towards the dominant discourse become one of the grounds for the interaction of the Avant-garde poetic and political discourses. Discourse and linguopragmatic analysis of the Italian Futurists’ manifestos is carried out from the standpoint of the linguistic creativity that manifests itself in the form of the Avant-garde linguistic experiment. Further, the Italian Neo-avant-garde (Neoavanguardia, Gruppo ‘63) develops the idea of confronting linguistic and cultural norms in its poetical texts and manifestoes like Linguaggio e opposizione (1961) by Nanni Balestrini or Ideologia e linguaggio (1965) by Edoardo Sanguineti. The markers of adversative semantics include such grammatical and lexico-grammatical means as но, однако, впрочем, против, напротив, вопреки, наперекор; ma, anzi, mentre, però, bensì, pure, eppure, contro, piuttosto, etc. The paper focuses on the pragmatic and semantic features of the preposition contro as one of the most frequent opposition markers in the Italian Futurists’ manifestos. The study distinguishes methods of deviation from standard use, aimed at increasing the illocutionary force and the performative potential of the message.
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Ahad, Edan Al-Zubaidi Hashim A. Mohammed Al Husseini. "A Pragmatic Study of Deception in Agatha Christie's Novel 'Murder is Easy'." Multicultural Education 7, no. 10 (2021): 463. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5574561.
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<em>This study is extracted from an MA thesis entitled “Textual Analysis of Deception in Agatha Christie’s novel Murder is Easy”. The language which is an essential instrument for human communication involves two aspects of discourse: honest and dishonest contributions. Deception is a manifestation of a dishonest contribution. Since it is used commonly, deception is an interesting area to be studied separately. Nevertheless, this concept is not widely investigated from a pragmatic point of view, especially in literary texts. Thus, the present study attempts to examine deception in such a genre of texts pragmatically. Concisely, the present study seeks to answer the question: Which pragmatic aspects are attributed to the deceptive statements in the selected literature texts?. Thus, it aims to identify the maxims that are violated by the characters through their deceptive contributions and the kinds of illocutionary forces that attribute their deceptive utterances. One way to achieve such an aim is to adopt an eclectic model bases on Grice's (1975) cooperative principles, and Searle's (1969) speech act theory for analyzing the selected data. </em> <em>The finding of the current study shows that the characters violate all of the Grecian maxims through their contributions. It also finds that the deceptive statements attribute to different kinds of illocutionary forces. The study finds that there are no commissive or declarative speech acts in the characters utterances because there are no felicity conditions to achieve such acts in the literary texts.</em>
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Favez, Nicolas. "Elaboration and regulation of lived emotion in preschoolers’ autobiographical narratives." Narrative Inquiry 21, no. 1 (2011): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.21.1.01fav.
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This research assesses the influence of maternal conversational cooperation upon preschoolers’ narratives of a lived event. Mothers and children (N = 46) were seen in a laboratory for the Geneva Emotion-Eliciting Scenario (GEES). Mothers were directed to ask the child to tell the story of what she experienced, both immediately after the event (T1) and two weeks later (T2). Narratives were micro-analyzed for illocutionary acts (mothers) and content (children). Results show different maternal styles, ranging from emotional facilitation to active omission and disengagement. Children of mothers with an emotional facilitation style (i) produce longer narratives than the other children, (ii) mention the scenario’s high point more often, and (iii) describe the chronology of the events with greater accuracy. Empathetic formulation and insistence are the two main factors that explain these effects.
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Qutub, Hassan. "Apology Strategies: Appropriateness and Frequency of Use by Saudi EFL Students." International Journal of Learning and Development 14, no. 2 (2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v14i2.21939.
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The present study aimed at investigating the apology strategies employed by Saudi FEL university students. The researcher examined the appropriateness of participants’ apologies, first through analyzing them in terms of Olshtain and Cohen’s “semantic formulas in the apology speech act set” (Olshtain & Cohen, 1983), then by having native speakers of English to evaluate them for appropriateness on a four-point Likert scale. Results indicated that “illocutionary force indicating device” (e.g., I am sorry) was the most frequently used strategy as it was utilized in 75% of the responses. As for the appropriateness of the apology strategies used by Saudi EFL undergraduate students, 23.4% of the responses to the situations that required apology were inappropriate or strongly inappropriate. Exposure to culturally dense language content was suggested to help EFL learners utilize apologies appropriately.
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Ordines, Pedro Ivorra. "Por mí como si te operas. Constructional idioms of rejection from a constructionist approach." Yearbook of Phraseology 14, no. 1 (2023): 89–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2023-0005.
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Abstract The present study explores partially filled idioms that go beyond the limits of the Spanish phraseological tradition, in that it focuses on semi-schematic patterns that had been relegated to the periphery and does not restrict itself to the pairing phraseological expression and lexicalized form. With a corpus comprising 592 instances extracted from the esTenTen18 corpus (Sketch Engine), the objective in the study of the constructional idioms [a PRON como si X] and [por PRON como si X] is twofold. First, to shed light on the “pragmatic point” (Kay and Fillmore 1999) of these discontinuous patterns by describing their rejection illocutionary force, their colloquial dialogic context, and their intensifying speech act; and second, to delve into the lexical variability of the constructions under study in the intersection of creativity and extravagance.
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Rudiawati, Risna, Vivi Fitria, and Trisnendri Syahrizal. "SPEECH ACT IN INDONESIAS’ SHAMPOO ADVERTISMENT." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 1, no. 4 (2018): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v1i4.p427-435.
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Advertisement as the tool for communicating and promoting a specific product to the customer brings a new phenomenon on the use of language. Every utterance has the function, from a very simple point of view advertisement is objected to making customer buying their product. Illocutionary act as an action via utterance are able to project the main objective of the advertisement, wheatear this advertisement expressing feeling, representing facts, declaring the point of view, promoting question, and promising goal. This research objects to revile the speech act used in Indonesian shampoo advertisement using qualitative study. This use 84 utterances from 5 brand of shampoo. Those 84 utterances were taken from video ads of 5 shampoo product in Indonesia. As the result, Shampoo ads in Indonesia has % of declarative Speech act, % Commission Speech act, % Representative Speech act, % Expressive Speech act, % Directive Speech act. This result shows that Shampoo product in Indonesia intends to promote their product by declaring their ability in giving the best result for the customer whether it gives a shiner hair, softer hair, stronger hair or others.
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Lubis, Fauziah Khairani, and Syamsul Bahri. "Sarcasm in Indonesian Television Show Pesbukers." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 4, no. 1 (2023): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v4i1.626.
Full textAbstract:
Pesbukers' communication style frequently catches the audience's attention since they are not just restricted to the jokes that are hurled but also come with sarcasm, which is presented in each episode. There are many arguments for and against accepting the utilized sarcasm among the audience. The point of the study is to look into the application of sarcasm in the context of the research object, Pesbukers, one of Indonesia's most popular television shows, without any translation process for each dialogue. By employing a qualitative descriptive method, the researcher examined four varieties of sarcasm discovered based on Elisabeth Camp's theory. The results of the study indicate that there are 31 data containing sarcasm. Proportional Sarcasm had the most data (12), followed by Lexical Sarcasm (10), Illocutionary Sarcasm (5), and Like-Prefixed Sarcasm (4). Proportional sarcasm that is straight to the point in utterances pervades all other types of sarcasm. However, the least used sarcasm in this study, like-prefixed sarcasm, is pragmatic and has a meaning contrary to the real motive. The Pesbukers show uses all of the sarcasm subgenres mentioned.
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Yi, Lin. "Conflict Talks between Couples in Modern Family Based on Speech Act Theory." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 4, no. 2 (2022): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2022.4.2.1.
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Conflict talk, also known as controversial discourse, is a kind of confrontational communicative behavior arising from differences between two or more parties in views, interests and desires. This study regards conflict talk as a kind of compound speech act. Based on the observation and interpretation of the linguistic data, this study mainly collects the conflict talks between couples in the American sitcom Modern Family and adopts both qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze the pragmatic characteristics and pragmatic functions of the conflict talks between American couples from the perspective of locutionary act, illocutionary act, perlocutionary effect on the theoretical basis of the speech act theory. The research verifies the feasibility of speech act theory in analyzing conflict talks between couples in Modern Family. It helps us to understand conflict talks between couples from the point of pragmatics better.
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Müller, Lukas. "European Portuguese lá: Use-Conditional Meaning and Pragmaticalization." Languages 9, no. 6 (2024): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9060189.
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This study focusses on non-adverbial uses of lá in European Portuguese, whose exact meaning contribution still remains an open research question. Applying a multidimensional semantics framework, the central claim is that non-adverbial uses of lá represent use-conditional items. Passing the standard tests suggested in the literature, they thus do not contribute to the truth conditions of an utterance but specify particular use conditions. It is argued that they are felicitously used if a speaker wants to convey illocutionary modification, which pragmatically leads to mitigation or reinforcement effects. Diachronically, substantiated by historical data from the Corpus do Português, use-conditional lá is argued to be a product of a pragmaticalization process that led to so-called pragmatic fission at some point, i.e., to the polysemy of two synchronically available configurations of a truth-conditional and a use-conditional lá.
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Korobkina, N. "Occasional Speech Acts." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 10, no. 2 (2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2021-10-2-16-21.
Full textAbstract:
Speech acts are considered as minimal units of speech activity and as a three-component structure consisting of ilocution, locution and perlocution. Varieties of speech acts are distinguished depending on a statement illocutionary purpose: assertives, commissives, directives, expressives, declarations (according to J. Searle). The possibility of these speech acts occasional nature is emphasized. A speech act occasionality is achieved by using a nomination in a corresponding communicative situation. This nomination has novelty over time and outside the conditions of its speech generation, the absence of a wide (frequency) situational functioning, created on occasion, often with an author’s intention. Specific examples of communicative situations containing a kind of an occasional speech act are given. It is noted that occasional speech acts are a key point in the study of a pragmatic approach to language phenomena, when a producer intensity – to produce a certain speech action – comes to the fore.