Academic literature on the topic 'Illumination of books and manuscripts, Baroque'
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Journal articles on the topic "Illumination of books and manuscripts, Baroque"
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Germ, Tine. "The Emblems of the Album of the Ljubljana Noble Society of St Dismas: Context, Sources, Originality." Ars & Humanitas 11, no. 1 (2017): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ah.11.1.149-170.
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The article discusses the sources for the iconography of emblems in the Album of the Ljubljana Noble Society of St Dismas (Archive of the Republic of Slovenia, ref. AS 1073, I/1) that has not yet been systematically addressed. The Album is a kind of memorial book of the Ljubljana Noble Society of St Dismas or Academia Unitorum, displaying the coats of arms, emblems and important data of their members. The book with exquisite full page illuminations is the most important illuminated manuscript of the Baroque era that survives in Slovenia. Recent research shows, that the idea of the academic memorial book and its concept are modelled on the Memorie, imprese, e ritratti de’ signori Accademici Gelati de Bologna published in Bologna in 1672. Due to the specific context of the Album as a memorial book of St Dismas Society and a clearly articulated ambition of the patrons to create original individualized emblems, it is not easy to identify the possible sources let alone detect the direct influence. There are several emblem books to be taken into consideration and Alciati’s Emblematum liber appears to be a valuable source of inspiration. However, the research in Renaissance and Baroque books of emblems shows that it is actually Mundus Symbolicus by Filippo Picinelli (first published as Mondo simbolico, Milan 1653) which seems to be of vital importance for the creators of the Album. Since the proud members desired original and personalized emblems, it was only natural to rely upon a popular encyclopaedic work with a huge collection of systematically arranged descriptions of emblems. Picinelli’s book is actually a treasure-trove of ideas instigating new designs both in the sense of symbolic message and visual solutions, while the almost complete absence of illustrations prevents a simple reproduction of emblems. Due to their commitment to originality and the respect of the principles of St Dismas Society the members obviously found the traditional emblem books (where they could see prototypes including the picture) somehow less appealing. However, even when they use a traditional emblem book such as Alciati’s Emblematum liber as a model, the authors (both patrons and painters) of the Album exhibit great inventiveness and creativity and never simply reproduce a prototype. The Album thus represent a unique series of original emblems that also indicate the commitment to established tradition and occasionally reveal a direct influence of a popular emblem book as demonstrated in the article.
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Germ, Tine. "The Emblems of the Album of the Ljubljana Noble Society of St Dismas: Context, Sources, Originality." Ars & Humanitas 11, no. 1 (2017): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.11.1.149-170.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the sources for the iconography of emblems in the Album of the Ljubljana Noble Society of St Dismas (Archive of the Republic of Slovenia, ref. AS 1073, I/1) that has not yet been systematically addressed. The Album is a kind of memorial book of the Ljubljana Noble Society of St Dismas or Academia Unitorum, displaying the coats of arms, emblems and important data of their members. The book with exquisite full page illuminations is the most important illuminated manuscript of the Baroque era that survives in Slovenia. Recent research shows, that the idea of the academic memorial book and its concept are modelled on the Memorie, imprese, e ritratti de’ signori Accademici Gelati de Bologna published in Bologna in 1672. Due to the specific context of the Album as a memorial book of St Dismas Society and a clearly articulated ambition of the patrons to create original individualized emblems, it is not easy to identify the possible sources let alone detect the direct influence. There are several emblem books to be taken into consideration and Alciati’s Emblematum liber appears to be a valuable source of inspiration. However, the research in Renaissance and Baroque books of emblems shows that it is actually Mundus Symbolicus by Filippo Picinelli (first published as Mondo simbolico, Milan 1653) which seems to be of vital importance for the creators of the Album. Since the proud members desired original and personalized emblems, it was only natural to rely upon a popular encyclopaedic work with a huge collection of systematically arranged descriptions of emblems. Picinelli’s book is actually a treasure-trove of ideas instigating new designs both in the sense of symbolic message and visual solutions, while the almost complete absence of illustrations prevents a simple reproduction of emblems. Due to their commitment to originality and the respect of the principles of St Dismas Society the members obviously found the traditional emblem books (where they could see prototypes including the picture) somehow less appealing. However, even when they use a traditional emblem book such as Alciati’s Emblematum liber as a model, the authors (both patrons and painters) of the Album exhibit great inventiveness and creativity and never simply reproduce a prototype. The Album thus represent a unique series of original emblems that also indicate the commitment to established tradition and occasionally reveal a direct influence of a popular emblem book as demonstrated in the article.
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Ralph, Karen. "Performance, Object, and Private Devotion: The Illumination of Thomas Butler’s Books of Hours." Religions 11, no. 1 (2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11010020.
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This article considers the major cycles of illumination in two Books of Hours belonging to Thomas Butler, seventh Earl of Ormond (c.1424–1515). The article concludes that the iconography of the two manuscripts reflects the personal and familial piety of the patron and was designed to act as a tool in the practice of devotion.
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Nash, Penelope. "Illuminated manuscripts and incucabula in Cambridge: A catalogue of western book illumination in the Fitzwilliam museum and the Cambridge colleges, part five: Illuminated incunabula, volume one: Books printed in Italy [Book Review]." Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association 15 (November 1, 2019): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2019.1.6.
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Review(s) of: Illuminated manuscripts and incucabula in Cambridge: A catalogue of western book illumination in the Fitzwilliam museum and the Cambridge colleges, part five: Illuminated incunabula, volume one: Books printed in Italy, by Andriolo, Azzura Elena and Reynolds, Suzanne, (London and Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2017) hardcover, 288 pages, RRP 149 pounds/Euro175; ISBN: 9781909400856.
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KUBÁT, Miroslav, Šárka NETOLICKÁ, Radek ČECH, and Jan MAČUTEK. "Martin of Cochem’s Golden Key of Heaven and its Czech Relatives: Quantitative Analysis of Baroque Prayers." Bohemistyka, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bo.2021.3.1.
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Rewriting books was a widespread phenomenon during the Baroque period of the Czech literature. The manuscripts were not always „honest copies”, on the contrary, scribes often compiled several sources or added their own texts to the original. The famous book Golden Key of Heaven by Martin of Cochem is compared with a manuscript Key of Heaven from a Regional museum in the town of Náchod. We use two statistical methods, both of them strongly indicate that the manuscript is a copy of some chapters from the Golden Key of Heaven rather than a compilation.
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Kitzinger, Beatrice. "Wandalgarius’ Letters of the Law: Figural Initials and Book Culture in the Late Eighth Century." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 84, no. 3 (2021): 291–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkg-2021-3001.
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Abstract Long sidelined by art historians, the Wandalgarius Codex is a compendium of legal texts dated to 793 that represents an early venture in a trend associated with the 790s: populating initial letters with lively figures. This article centers the Wandalgarius Codex in discussion of experimental book illumination in the late eighth century. The decade saw re-definition of the visual organization of books, the uses illumination could serve, and the ways manuscripts in many genres reflected and shaped projects of education and reform. The essay sets Wandalgarius’ approach to initials in conversation with the well-known Gellone Sacramentary, and investigates the scribe-draftsman’s characterization of his own work as an ambitious contemporary book-maker.
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Paris-Popa, Andreea. "Breaking the Contract between God and the Visual-Literary Fusion: Illuminated Manuscripts, William Blake and the Graphic Novel." American, British and Canadian Studies 30, no. 1 (2018): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2018-0008.
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Abstract This essay follows three different stages of the fusion of images and words in the tradition of the book. More specifically, it tackles the transformation undergone by the initially religious combination of visual figures and scriptural texts, exemplified by medieval illuminated manuscripts into the spiritual, non-dogmatic, illuminated books printed and painted by poet-prophet William Blake in a manner that combines mysticism and literature. Eventually, the analysis reaches the secularized genre of the graphic novel that renounces the metaphysical element embedded in the intertwining of the two media. If ninth-century manuscripts such as the Book of Kells were employed solely for divinely inspired renditions of religious texts, William Blake’s late eighteenthcentury illuminated books moved towards an individual, personal literature conveyed via unique pieces of art that asserted the importance of individuality in the process of creation. The modern rendition of the image-text illumination can be said to take the form of the graphic novel with writers such as Will Eisner and Alan Moore overtly expressing their indebtedness to the above-mentioned tradition by paying homage to William Blake in the pages of their graphic novels. However, the fully printed form of this twentieth-century literary genre, along with its separation from the intrinsic spirituality of the visual-literary fusion in order to meet the demands of a disenchanted era, necessarily reconceptualize the notion of illumination.
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Richter, Pál. "Die Musik der ungarischen Pauliner im 17.–18. Jahrhundert." Studia Musicologica 51, no. 3-4 (2010): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/smus.51.2010.3-4.11.
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After the Turkish domination three monastic orders, the Jesuits, the Franciscans, and the order of the Hermits of St. Paul took major part at reconstruction, re-Catholicizing, and education in Hungary. Since the Paulines, as the sole order founded in Hungary, used the liturgy of Esztergom from the beginning of the 14th century, researches on 17–18th century music of the order focused mainly on mediaeval relics: survival of plain chant and the so-called Hungarian notation. Information about the musical life and the music of Paulines can be combined from two types of sources: from inventories, diaries, historia domus of dissolved monasteries, and from musical manuscripts (choir-books, organ-books) written and used by Pauline monks. The song repertoire (hymns) of the Baroque and early Classic era had been regarded of lesser value by Hungarian musicologists although Hungarian translations of some of the songs and their concordance with Franciscan manuscripts suggest a widespread use. Hungarian folksongs and melodies rooted in the folk tradition were not foreign to the Pauline practice: P. Gábor Koncz closed his songbook with Christmas carols which were in wide use in Hungarian folk tradition. Some polyphonic pieces also belong to the accurate and authentic picture of Pauline tradition of the 17–18th century. This polyphony requires no professional singers, it is a very simple, folk-like homophony in pastoral manner appropriate to education at schools.
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Kelders, Ann. "De Gouden Eeuw van de Bourgondisch-Habsburgse Nederlanden." Queeste 27, no. 1 (2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/que2020.1.003.keld.
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Abstract The Royal Library of Belgium (kbr) has opened a new permanent museum showcasing the historical core of its collections: the luxurious manuscript library of the dukes of Burgundy. Centred around a late medieval chapel that is part of kbr’s present-day building, the museum introduces visitors to medieval book production, the historical context of the late medieval Low Countries, and the subject matter of the ducal library. The breadth of the dukes’ (and their wives’!) interests is reflected in the manuscripts that have come down to us, ranging from liturgical books over philosophical treatises to courtly literature. The Museum places late medieval book production squarely in its historical and artistic context. Visitors are not only introduced to the urban culture that provided a fruitful meeting place between artists, craftsmen, and patrons, but also to the broader artistic culture of the late Middle Ages. By presenting the manuscripts in dialogue with other forms of art such as panel paintings and sculpture, the exhibition stresses that artists at times moved between various media (e.g. illumination and painting) and were influenced by iconography in other forms of art.
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Clanchy, Michael. "Images of Ladies with Prayer Books: What do they Signify?" Studies in Church History 38 (2004): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042420840001576x.
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Monastic illumination of manuscripts gave to writings a force and prestige which was unprecedented. Throughout the millennium of western monasticism (500-1500 A.D.), the rich founded monasteries so that monks might pray and worship on their behalf. The monks displayed the fruit of their labours to their patrons in their churches and other works of art, particularly in their books. When with growing prosperity from about 1250 onwards the demand for individual prayer reached down to the middle class of knights and burgesses, they began to want wonderworking books of their own. They could not afford to buy a chantry chapel or a jewelled reliquary, but a small illuminated manuscript came within their means as the first step towards the purchase of paradise. Ladies in particular took to reciting the Latin Psalter and treasuring illuminated Books of Hours. In fifteenth-century depictions of the Annunciation, Mary is often shown seated in a sunlit bower with an open Book of Hours on her lap or displayed on a lectern. Likewise she is sometimes depicted with the Child Jesus on her knee, showing him a Book of Hours. The habit of possessing books might never have reached the laity if writing had not been so luxurious and so covetable. Illumination introduced the laity to script through images which could not fail to attract the eye. The children of the prosperous were introduced to the Psalter by their mothers or a priest for the purpose both of learning to read and of beginning formal prayer. To own a Psalter was therefore an act of familial as well as public piety.These words were written twenty years ago, for a conference at the Library of Congress in 1980 on ‘Literacy in historical perspective’. Since then, these themes have been addressed in several lectures and research papers at conferences, and I would stand by the main ideas expressed in that passage. Monks had indeed given extraordinary prestige to books and in particular to the illuminated liturgical book, which is a medieval invention. By the thirteenth century such books were being adapted for lay use and ownership, typically in Books of Hours. However, it is mistaken to say that lay use ‘began’ then, as the aristocracy – particularly in Germany – had been familiar with prayer books for centuries. In the twelfth century, Hildegard of Bingen was said to have learned only the Psalter ‘as is the custom of noble girls’. A Psalter for lay use dating from c.1150, which belonged to Clementia von Zähringen, has been preserved. It contains a full-page portrait of a lady – presumably Clementia herself – at folio 6v between the end of the Calendar and the Beatus page beginning the Psalms. This book has 126 folios in its present state (possibly one folio is missing at the end) and it measures 11 cm X 7 cm, no larger than a woman’s hand. The biography of Marianus Scotus, the eleventh-century Irish hermit who settled at Regensburg, describes how he wrote for poor widows and clerics ‘many little books and many Psalter manuals’ (‘multos libellos multaque manualia psalteria’). The diminutive form ‘libellos’ and the adjective ‘manualia’ emphasise that these manuscripts were small enough to hold in the hand, like Clementia von Zähringen’s book.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Illumination of books and manuscripts, Baroque"
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Drechsler, Stefan Andreas. "Making manuscripts at Helgafell in the fourteenth century." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236533.
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This thesis examines a cultural revolution that took place in the Icelandic artistic landscape during the medieval period. Within just one generation (c. 1350–1400), the house of canons regular of Helgafell rose to become the most important centre of illuminated manuscript production in western Iceland. This study delivers a comprehensive and critical multidisciplinary study that combines methodologies and sources from the fields of Art History, Old Norse-Icelandic Manuscript Studies and Medieval Nordic History. It maps important changes in the art historical market, as well as major movements of ideas between three distinct manuscript cultures: from Helgafell in Iceland, Norwich and surrounding East Anglia in England, and the region between Bergen and Trondheim in Western Norway. By conducting cross-disciplinary research, the philological and historical data, combined with a sound social network analysis methodology, this study presents a comprehensive approach that respects both the historical setting of the illuminated manuscript production and the products themselves. It thereby contributes to a new and multidisciplinary area of research that studies not only one but several western European cultures in relation to similar domestic artistic monuments and relevant historical evidence. By using the interdisciplinary approach outlined above, it offers a detailed perspective of one cultural site – Helgafell – in particular in regard to its artistic connections to other ecclesiastical and secular scriptoria in the broader North Atlantic region.
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Hunt, Elizabeth Moore. "Illuminating the borders of northern French and Flemish manuscripts, ca. 1270-1310 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137712.
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Sheppard, Jennifer M. "The Giffard Bible Bodleian Library MS Laud misc. 752 /." New York : Garland Pub, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/11970124.html.
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Gil, Marc. "Du Maître du Mansel au Maître de Rambures le milieu des peintres et des enlumineurs de Picardie, ca. 1400-1480 /." Lille : A.N.R.T., Université de Lille III, 2000. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/30345.
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Magruder, James A. "The Sinope gospels an illuminated gospel book as anti-Chalcedonian polemic /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Jackson, Cailah. "Patrons and artists at the crossroads : the Islamic arts of the book in the lands of Rūm, 1270s-1370s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2d687f25-fb80-4470-b259-72714ba24386.
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This dissertation is the first book-length study to analyse the production and patronage of Islamic illuminated manuscripts in late medieval RÅ«m in their fullest cultural contexts and in relation to the arts of the book of neighbouring regions. Although research concerning the artistic landscapes of late medieval Rūm has made significant progress in recent years, the development of the arts of the book and the nature of their patronage and production has yet to be fully addressed. The topic also remains relatively neglected in the wider field of Islamic art history. This thesis considers the arts of the book and the part they played in artistic life within contemporary scholarly frameworks that emphasise inclusivity, diversity and fluidity. Such frameworks acknowledge the period's ethnic and religious pluralism, the extent of cross-cultural exchange, the region's complex political situation after the breakdown in Seljuk rule, and the itinerancy of scholars, Sufis and craftsmen. Analyses are based on the codicological examination of sixteen illuminated Persian and Arabic manuscripts, none of which have been published in depth. In order to appropriately assess the material and to partially redress scholarly emphases on the constituent arts of the book (calligraphy, illumination, illustration and binding), the manuscripts are considered as whole objects. The manuscripts' ample inscriptions also help to form a clearer picture of contemporary artistic life. Evidence from further illuminated and non-illuminated manuscripts and other textual and material primary sources is also examined. Based on this evidence, this dissertation demonstrates that Rūm's towns had active cultural scenes despite the frequent outbreak of hostilities and the absence of an effective centralised government. The lavishness of some manuscripts from this period also challenges the often-assumed connection between dynastic patronage and sophisticated artistic production. Furthermore, the identities and affiliations of those involved in the production and patronage of illuminated manuscripts reinforces the impression of an ethnically and religiously diverse environment and highlights the role that local amīrs and Sufi dervishes in particular had in the creation of such material.
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Baker, Donna Tsuruda. "The artistic and sociological imagery of the merchant-banker on the book covers of the Biccherna in Siena in the early Renaissance /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6244.
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Pulliam, Heather. "Opening the senses : the Gospel book as an instrument of salvation as articulated by the minor decoration and full-page illustrations of the Book of Kells." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15322.
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This thesis argues that the minor decoration and full-page images of the Book of Kells reflects a cohesive theme: the role of the gospel book in man's apprehension of God. This is demonstrated by an examination of the decorated initials and smaller images in relation to the text and a reinterpretation of the full-page images within the context of patristic commentary and the writings of the period. It is argued that the decorated initials and minor imagery are not merely ornamental but instead emphasize and comment upon the text. They do so in three ways: Firstly, they draw the eye to passages of gospel text that describe the visual apprehension and recognition of Christ as the Son of God. In demonstrating this, the assumption that the decorated initials operate in a traditional manner, such as marking lections or Eusebian sections, is rejected. The atypical function of the decoration, highlighting themes rather than liturgical or content divisions, indicates the unique function of the manuscript. Secondly, it is argued that the decorated initials employ the metaphorical imagery of the Psalms to describe the distinction between the manuscript's audience who acknowledge Christ as the Son of God, and those described within the text as confused and unable to recognize the identity of Christ despite his presence in their midst. Thirdly, the imagery of the decorated initials describes the manner in which the Godhead is literally contained within the text of the gospel book. The larger images also emphasize the recognition of Christ and distinguish between those who look to the Word of God and those who fail to do so. Additionally, the full-page imagery instructs the audience in the use of the manuscript. To an even greater extent than the minor decoration, the larger images articulate the role of the Gospel book and liturgy as a visible guide to an invisible deity and shield against temptation.
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Swanepoel, Liani Colette. "Aeneas se onderwêreldse reis in illustrasie : 'n resepsie-historiese studie van tonele in Aeneïs VI /." Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1690.
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Franses, Henri. "Portraits of patrons in Byzantine religious manuscripts." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22359.
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Byzantine religious manuscripts were commissioned by people from many levels of society. Several contain portraits of their commissioners, represented together with a holy figure. An analysis of these scenes, examining features such as the holy figures represented and their specific iconographic meaning, and the relation of mortal to divine, reveals many facets of Byzantine art, religion and society. This analysis indicates a major distinction between portraits representing the emperor, and those depicting all other patrons. Non-imperial portraits show deep personal devotion and piety. The manuscripts in which they occur were commissioned to honour the holy figure, and many request salvation in return. Imperial commissions, on the other hand, were not votive gifts. Their portraits stress the public, political, and occasionally religious role of the emperor as the elected of God upon earth, and head of state. These portraits are thus highly informative of several aspects of Byzantine life.
Books on the topic "Illumination of books and manuscripts, Baroque"
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Teresa, Guillermo Tovar de. Un rescate de la fantasía: El arte de los Lagarto, iluminadores novohispanos de los siglos XVI y XVII. Equilibrista, 1988.
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Mancini, Francesco Federico. Miniatura a Perugia tra Cinquecento e Seicento. Electa, Editori umbri associati, 1987.
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1497-1563, Neudörffer Johann, ed. Schön schreiben, eine Kunst: Johann Neudörffer und die Kalligraphie des Barock. Prestel, 1988.
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Erdmann, Martin. Heralidsche Funeralpanegyrik des ukrainischen Barock: Am Beispiel des Stolp cnot Syl'vestra Kossova. O. Sagner, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Illumination of books and manuscripts, Baroque"
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Harris, Neil. "Costs We Don’t Think About: Rubrication and Illumination." In Printing R-Evolution and Society 1450-1500. Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-332-8/018.
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Rubrication, or the hand-finishing of manuscripts and (very) early printed books, falls between several areas of competence; however, it often tells us important things about the book and its early history; it also had a cost, and in description it is important to distinguish between ‘professional’ and ‘amateur’ rubrication. A copy of a Venetian incunable printed in 1474 in the collections of the Boston Public Library has on its final leaf a contemporary rubricator’s note, with the summary of the costs of illumination and rubrication. The edition concerned was maybe sold through the Zornale of Francesco de Madiis, the ledger of a Venetian bookseller, which records the sales of some 25,000 books between 1484 and 1488. These sales, however, mostly concerned books sold as unbound sheets, though occasionally bound copies are recorded with a consequent increase in price. Discovering the expense of rubrication and illumination, albeit in this one instance, makes it possible to understand better the real cost of purchasing a 15th-century book.
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Jackson, Cailah. "Saūtıū ibn Hḥ asan: A Mevlevi Patron of Erzincan." In Islamic Manuscripts of Late Medieval Rum, 1270s-1370s. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474451482.003.0005.
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The fourth and final chapter focuses on the patronage of one individual, who emerges from surviving material as the most prolific manuscript patron of late medieval Rum. The three manuscripts discussed in this chapter were commissioned by Sharaf al-Din Sati ibn Hasan, an amir, history writer and Mevlevi devotee. The key manuscripts are a copy of the Masnavi of Sultan Walad from 1366, a two-volume Divan-i Kabir from 1368 and a 1372 copy of the Masnavi, both by Jalal al-Din Rumi. Several manuscripts belonging to Sati’s son, Mustanjid, are also considered. Although a production centre is not named in the manuscripts, the patron and his family were based in Erzincan. This chapter outlines and contextualises the political and cultural activities of Sati and Mustanjid and considers where the manuscripts may have been produced. Moreover, the distinctiveness of the manuscripts’ illumination, and the patron’s connection to the Jalayirids, generates a discussion concerning the relationship between the arts of the books of Rum and the Mongol successor states.
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"La Biblioteca pubblica veneziana e gli incunaboli miniati." In Printing R-Evolution and Society 1450-1500. Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-332-8/029.
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Venice was central to the production of printed books in the 15th-century and illumination continued to be applied to this new type of books, beyond the age of the manuscript. However, the illuminated incunabula preserved today in the Library of the Serenissima do not represent a noticeable percentage of the production of value. As is known, very few specimens printed on parchment or with miniatures entered the Marciana collections. Yet, the activity of the press was favoured by Bessarion, who included his remarkable Roman incunabula among his legacy to San Marco. The Roman incunabula of the Bessarion collection, published between 1468 and 1472, have characteristics that are entirely similar to the manuscripts he had commissioned in the last years of his life. The incunabula that entered the library in the later centuries, chiefly following the suppressions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, are the result of different priorities.
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Atbaş, Zeynep. "Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi." In Cengiz Han ve Mirası. Turkish Academy of Science, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2021.036.
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"Ottoman sultans showed a great interest in books; on the one hand, they had their palace workshops prepare manuscripts ornamented with unique illustrations and illuminations; on the other hand, they collected books created in other locations of the Islamic world through various means, such as, gifting, looting, and purchasing. The subject of this article involves the artistic manuscripts from the Ilkhanid era that entered the Topkapı Palace Treasury. Most manuscripts in the Topkapı Palace Library consist of copies and sections (juz’) of the Koran. With their illumination and binding, these large-format books designed by the skillful illuminators and bookbinders of the Ilkhanid era are early fourteenth-century masterpieces of Islamic art of the book. Among these are Koran sections prepared for the famous Ilkhanid ruler, Sultan Uljaytu Khodabanda, and the renowned vizier, Rashid al-Din. Some examples were written by the most illustrious Islamic calligraphers, Yaqut al-Musta’simi and Arghun Kamili, illuminated by the famous artist of the era who worked in Baghdad, Muhammad b. Aybak b. Abdallah, and bound by bookbinder Abd al-Rahman. The Ilkhanid era was also a time when fascinating and important manuscripts were prepared in terms of book illustration. Two of the three Mongol-era manuscripts in the Topkapı Palace collection are copies of the Jami’at-Tawarikh—a general history of the world prepared by a commission led by the vizier Rashid al-Din under the order of the Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan Khan— while the third is a copy of the Garshaspnama. In addition, some paintings that appear in one of the palace albums belong to a volume of the Jami’at-Tawarikh on the history of Mongol khans, which has not survived. The significant and unique paintings of the Ilkhanid era are the Miʿrajnama paintings made by Ahmed Musa featured in the album prepared for Bahram Mirza, the brother of the Safavid sultan, Shah Tahmasp. The preface of the album written by Dust Muhammad refers to the famous painter Ahmed Musa, who lived in the era of the Ilkhanid ruler Abu Said, to have “removed the veil from the face of painting and invented the painting that was popular in that era.” In addition, the author states that he illustrated a Miʿrajnama. However, only the eight album pages with miʿraj images have survived this work. Through their bindings, illuminations, calligraphy, and illustrations, Ilkhanid era manuscripts from the Topkapı Palace constitute a vital collection that demonstrates the advanced level reached by the arts of the book during this era. "