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Journal articles on the topic 'Illumination percentage'
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1
Matillano, Bryan Joseph. "Lunar influenced community structure among Seagrass associated Epifaunal Macroinvertebrates." Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) 22, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10158191.
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Seagrass-associated epifaunal macroinvertebrates communities are complex ecosystems patterned with diel shift rhythms and niche cycles. Most studies focus on diurnal rhythms as researchers engage in daytime collections, creating community structure frameworks accustomed to this analysis. Less is known to nocturnal cycles and diurnal-nocturnal shifts as community structure in these periods may offer a holistic ecosystems framework rather than a diurnal outlook. Moreso, literature is limited in lunar-influenced community structure in seagrass-associated epifaunal macroinvertebrates. This paper seeks to identify the community structure patterned on lunar illumination percentages based on waning gibbous, full moon, waxing gibbous, waxing crescent, and; waning crescent. Each phase differs in illumination percentage, and identifying community structure may depict activity and favorable adaptive mechanisms among the community. Four stations were established in Eastern Samar, Philippines, in a month-long collection, laying 50 meter transect lines with five quadrats placed every 10 meters in shallow waters covering seagrass beds. Results show that mollusks dominated the structure together with diverse echinoderms, arthropods, poriferans, and annelids. During the full moon, the species' relative abundance was the highest value compared to other lunar phases. This structure was followed by waning gibbous, waxing gibbous, waxing crescent, and; waning crescent. In reference to the illumination percentage, community structure was influenced in favour for a brighter lunar phase based on the computed relative abundance. As lunar illumination percentage was reduced, assemblages of epifaunal macroinvertebrates were also reduced. This community structure indicated assemblages in response to lunar illumination, lunar phases, and the framework of the seagrass ecosystems should be monitored using this outlook.published by the <strong>Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)</strong>
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Lusiana G.N Banase, Ade Y.H Lukas, and Asriati Djonu. "Effects of percentage of aquarium cover on light illumination in influencing growth patterns of Pangasius sp. seeds." International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews 2, no. 1 (2023): 025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56781/ijsrr.2023.2.1.0017.
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This study aims to see the effect of differences in light illumination on the growth pattern of seed catfish (Pangasius sp). The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (RAL) with 4 light illumination treatments and 3 replications. The parameters measured in this study were the daily growth rate and growth pattern of seed catfish. The difference in light illumination tested in the study had an influence on the daily growth rate of seed catfish (Pangasius sp). with the best treatment in this study from treatment A namely by providing light illumination of 11 lx provides the best daily growth rate of 5,9 % and continues to increase every week. The growth pattern of the length and weight of a relationship is negative allometric where the value (b) and the determinant coefficient value is lower than 3 which means that the growth of fish seed length affects the body weight gain of seed catfish.
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Zhang, Tong, Yingjie Yan, Chuantong Li, et al. "Influence of Illumination Time and Soil Moisture on Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment of Magnolia sprengeri Pamp." HortScience 56, no. 11 (2021): 1381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16144-21.
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This study investigated the effects of illumination time and soil moisture on seed germination and seedling establishment of Magnolia sprengeri Pamp. to improve the seed germination percentage and seedling survival percentage of M. sprengeri. It is of great significance for rapid propagation, seedling regeneration, field management, and artificial high-efficiency cultivation of M. sprengeri. In this study, the seeds of natural M. sprengeri populations from original habitat were used as test materials. Seed germination and seedling establishment of M. sprengeri were performed under different illumination time and soil moisture treatments in artificial climate incubator. The study found that there were significant differences among various key parameters related to seed germination and seedling establishment under different treatments (P < 0.05). Germination percentage, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, germination rate, plant height, number of leaves, base diameter, taproot length, number of lateral roots, maximum lateral root length, single plant leaf area, fresh weight, and seedling survival rate reached the maximum at continuous illumination and 13% of soil moisture, respectively. By the integrative evaluation for the influence of these two factors on seed germination and seedling establishment, soil moisture is a dominant factor affecting seed germination and seedling establishment, whereas illumination is an important promoting factor for seedling establishment of M. sprengeri. Continuous illumination and 13% of soil moisture content is suitable for seed germination and seedling establishment of M. sprengeri.
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Catherine, Silva– Agurto, Michel Leiva Mora, Nayeli Sanchez Ortiz, and Danny del Castillo Bastidas. "Influencia de las condiciones de iluminación sobre el establecimiento in vitro de yemas de Solanum tuberosum L. var. Cecilia." Bionatura 8, no. 3 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.03.9.
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In vitro, micropropagation is an essential biotechnological tool for the mass production of plants. Several factors influence in vitro plant development, such as the culture medium, phytohormones, and illumination conditions. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of illumination conditions on the in vitro establishment of buds of S. tuberosum Var. Cecilia. Previously disinfected tuber shoots were sown in a culture medium composed of MS + 20 g.L⁻¹ sucrose + 7 g.L⁻¹ agar and exposed to different illumination conditions. The number of nodes, the number of leaves, the number of shoots, plant height, percentage of establishment and percentage of contamination were determined. At 30 days, total fluorescent white light and 12 h natural light + 12 h darkness showed a greater plant height, while the lighting conditions showed no effect on the number of nodes, number of leaves, number of shoots per plant, percentage of establishment and percentage of contamination. Based on the results of the present work, it was concluded that both total white fluorescent light and 12 h natural light + 12 h darkness favored in vitro establishment. Keywords: darkness, growth, light, sprouts.
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Chirindo, Mathews, Ettienne Cox, and Kahesh Duness. "An optical gas imaging technique based on strobed illumination." MATEC Web of Conferences 406 (2024): 08006. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202440608006.
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Gas leakage from equipment poses undesirable safety, environmental and operational impacts. Many optimal gas imaging techniques exist which detect and visualize gas plumes. However, most of these techniques struggle to produce clear images when the temperature gradient between the scene background and the gas plume is small. This paper presents an optical gas imaging technique that is based on strobed illumination, wherein the strobing frequency of the illuminating device is associated with the camera frame rate. Experimental test results are presented to show the improved detection of volatile organic compound gases during strobed illumination under dark room laboratory conditions where the percentage contrast value of the illuminated gas relative to its background varies by 50.8% The test results for the detection of sulphur hexafluoride gas and liquid petroleum gas under an outside environment are also presented.
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Luo, Shaoqin, Junbo Liu, Chuan Jin, and Ji Zhou. "Illumination Field Uniformity Correction by Novel Finger Arrays for Lithography Illumination System." Photonics 11, no. 7 (2024): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070661.
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In order to correct the integrated nonuniformity of a lithographic illumination field, a high-precision uniformity correction method for an advanced lithographic illumination system is proposed. The method adopts the opaque finger array structure and improves correction ability and accuracy by optimizing the arrangement and structure of the unit without changing the width of each unit. The correction accuracy is expressed as the percentage of the corrected integrated nonuniformity. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, it can be seen that the correction accuracy of a staggered finger array is better than 0.22%. When staggered and layered, the correction accuracy of a finger array is better than 0.14%, which is better than that of a non-layered finger array. When staggered, layered, and chamfered of each unit, the correction accuracy of the finger array structure is better than 0.12%.
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Ignatavičius, Gytautas, Alius Ulevičius, Vaidotas Valskys, Lina Galinskaitė, Peter E. Busher, and Giedrius Trakimas. "Lunar Phases and Wildlife–Vehicle Collisions: Application of the Lunar Disk Percentage Method." Animals 11, no. 3 (2021): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030908.
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We investigated the relationship between lunar illumination based on the percentage of the visible lunar disk (LDP) and the frequency of wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) in Lithuania. We analyzed WVC frequency during ten 10% LDP intervals to more precisely reflect the relationship between LDP and WVC. The 10% LDP interval approach showed a significant trend of increasing WVC frequencies with an increasing LDP at night. We also examined the correlation between the daily numbers of WVCs and LDP for different months and seasons. The relationship seemed to be stronger at night and during the late autumn–winter months, particularly in December, suggesting the importance of lunar illumination on WVCs. There was a weak positive correlation between LDP and overall daily number of WVCs (rs = 0.091; p < 0.001) and between LDP and night WVCs (rs = 0.104; p < 0.001). We found significant positive correlations for winter (December–February) (rs = 0.118; p = 0.012) and autumn (August–November) (rs = 0.127; p = 0.007). Our study suggests that the LDP interval approach may provide more possibilities for the evaluation and quantification of WVCs and lunar light relationships than the traditional lunar phase approach.
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Zhang, Xiangyang, Nan Zhao, Fadi Al-Turjman, Muhammad Bilal Khan, and Xiaodong Yang. "An Optimization of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio Distribution of an Indoor Visible Light Communication System Based on the Conventional Layout Model." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 9006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219006.
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For an actual visible light communication system, it is necessary to consider the uniformity of indoor illumination. Most of the existing optimization schemes, however, do not consider the effect of the first reflected light, and do not conform to the practical application conventions, which increases the actual cost and the complexity of system construction. In this paper, considering the first reflected light and based on the conventional layout model and the classic indoor visible light communication model, a scheme using the parameter Q to determine the optimal layout of channel quality is proposed. We determined the layout, and then carried out a simulation. For comparison, the normal layout and the optimal layout of illumination were also simulated. The simulation results show that the illuminance distributions of the three layouts meet the standards of the International Organization for Standardization. The optimal layout of channel quality in the signal-to-noise ratio distribution, maximum delay spread distribution, and impulse response is obviously better than the optimal layout of illumination. In particular, the effective area percentage of the optimal layout of channel quality is increased by 0.32% and 6.08% to 88.80% as compared with the normal layout’s 88.48% and the optimal layout of illumination’s 82.72%. However, compared with the normal layout, the advantages are not very prominent.
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Zhou, Xiangling, Zhongmin Gao, Huanji Gong, and Shenglin Li. "DeFFace: Deep Face Recognition Unlocked by Illumination Attributes." Electronics 13, no. 22 (2024): 4566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13224566.
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General face recognition is currently one of the key technologies in the field of computer vision, and it has achieved tremendous success with the support of deep-learning technology. General face recognition models currently exhibit extremely high accuracy on some high-quality face datasets. However, their performance decreases in challenging environments, such as low-light scenes. To enhance the performance of face recognition models in low-light scenarios, we propose a face recognition approach based on feature decoupling and fusion (DeFFace). Our main idea is to extract facial-related features from images that are not influenced by illumination. First, we introduce a feature decoupling network (D-Net) to decouple the image into facial-related features and illumination-related features. By incorporating the illumination triplet loss optimized with unpaired identity IDs, we regulate illumination-related features to minimize the impact of lighting conditions on the face recognition system. However, the decoupled features are relatively coarse. Therefore, we introduce a feature fusion network (F-Net) to further extract the residual facial-related features from the illumination-related features and fuse them with the initial facial-related features. Finally, we introduce a lighting-facial correlation loss to reduce the correlation between the two decoupled features in the specific space. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on four real-world low-light datasets and three simulated low-light datasets. We retrain multiple general face recognition methods using our proposed low-light training sets to further validate the advanced performance of our method. Compared to general face recognition methods, our approach achieves an average improvement of more than 2.11 percentage points on low-light face datasets. In comparison with image enhancement-based solutions, our method shows an average improvement of around 16 percentage points on low-light datasets, and it also delivers an average improvement of approximately 5.67 percentage points when compared to illumination normalization-based methods.
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Tsay, Chien-Yie, Shih-Ting Chen, and Man-Ting Fan. "Solution-Processed Mg-Substituted ZnO Thin Films for Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Visible-Blind Photodetectors." Coatings 9, no. 4 (2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040277.
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The effects of Mg on the microstructural, optical, and electrical properties of sol-gel derived ZnO transparent semiconductor thin films and the photoelectrical properties of photodetectors based on MgxZn1−xO (where x = 0 to 0.3) thin films with the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) configuration were investigated in this study. All the as-synthesized ZnO-based thin films had a single-phase wurtzite structure and showed high average transmittance of 91% in the visible wavelength region. The optical bandgap of MgxZn1−xO thin films increased from 3.25 to 3.56 eV and the electrical resistivity of the films rose from 6.1 × 102 to 1.4 × 104 Ω·cm with an increase in Mg content from x = 0 to x = 0.3. Compared with those of the pure ZnO thin film, the PL emission peaks of the MgZnO thin films showed an apparent blue-shift feature in the UV and visible regions. The photo-detection capability was investigated under visible, UVA, and UVC light illumination. Linear I-V characteristics were obtained in these ZnO-based photodetectors under dark and light illumination conditions, indicating an ohmic contact between the Au electrodes and ZnO-based thin films. It was found that the pure ZnO photodetector exhibited the best photoconductivity gain, percentage of sensitivity, and responsivity under UVA illumination. Under UVC illumination, the photoconductivity gain and percentage of sensitivity of the MgZnO photodetectors were better than those of the pure ZnO photodetector.
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Smithson, H. E., and T. Morimoto. "Surface color under environmental illumination." London Imaging Meeting 2020, no. 1 (2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2694-118x.2020.lim-44.
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Objects in real three-dimensional environments receive illumination from all directions, characterized in computer graphics by an environmental illumination map. The spectral content of this illumination can vary widely with direction [1], which means that the computational task of recovering surface color under environmental illumination cannot be reduced to correction for a single illuminant. We report the performance of human observers in selecting a target surface color from three distractors, one rendered under the same environmental illumination as the target, and two rendered under a different environmental illumination. Surface colors were selected such that, in the vast majority of trials, observers could identify the environment that contained non-identical surface colors, and color constancy performance was analyzed as the percentage of correct choices between the remaining two surfaces. The target and distractor objects were either matte or glossy and presented either with surrounding context or in a dark void. Mean performance ranged from 70% to 80%. There was a significant improvement in the presence of context, but no difference for matte and glossy stimuli, and no interaction between gloss and context. Analysis of trial-by-trial responses showed a dependence on the statistical properties of previously viewed images. Such analyses provide a means of investigating mechanisms that depend on environmental features, and not only on the properties of the instantaneous proximal image.
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Nowacki, E., T. Kazimierski, K. Golankiewicz, M. Dezor-Mazur, and W. Boczoń. "Wpływ światła na syntezę alkaloidów w łubinie wąskolistnym (Lupinus angustifolius). I. Akumulacja alkaloidów [Influence of light on the alkaloids synthesis in Lupinus angustifolius. I. Alkaloids accumulation]." Acta Agrobotanica 26, no. 1 (2015): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1973.010.
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It was established that the time of irradiation as well as the intensity of light have a fundamental effect on the synthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in <i>Lupinus angustifolius</i> plants. The increase of time and intensity of irradiation caused the increase of the percentage of alkaloids in plants up to some maximum. A further increase of illumination caused the decrease of the percentage of alkaloids. This regularity also concerns the ester fraction of alkaloids in <i>Lupinus angustifolius</i>.
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Ciptaningrum, Maharani, Sutarno Sutarno, and Eko Sri Kunarti. "Efficient Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Removal of Salicylic Acid Using Sulfur-Doped Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2 </sub>Composite." Key Engineering Materials 949 (July 26, 2023): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3zkvpv.
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This research has prepared Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-S composite materials as magnetic photocatalysts. Detailed characterization of the composite materials was undertaken using FTIR, XRD, TEM, VSM and DRUV. The photocatalytic activity of composite materials was conducted through salicylic acid degradation under visible light illumination. The result based on the infrared spectra and XRD diffractogram revealed the appearance of the characteristic peak of Fe3O4, SiO2, and S-TiO2. The sulfur doping causes an absorption edge shifts toward a higher wavelength. Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-S 3% composite material had the narrowest band gap energy of 2.77 eV and presented good photocatalytic activity with a percentage degradation of 91.6% under visible light during 60 minutes of illumination time. The composite exhibited recoverable efficiency due to its magnetic properties.
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da Silva Simão, Raquel, Jaqueline Oliveira de Moraes, Julia Beims Lopes, Ana Caroline Cichella Frabetti, Bruno Augusto Mattar Carciofi, and João Borges Laurindo. "Survival Analysis to Predict How Color Influences the Shelf Life of Strawberry Leather." Foods 11, no. 2 (2022): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11020218.
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Color change of fruit-based products during storage is an important quality parameter to determine their shelf life. In this study, a combination of relative humidity (RH) and illumination was evaluated on the stability of strawberry leathers. Samples were conditioned at 25 °C, in chambers with RH of 22.5% and 52.3% and under two levels of illumination (no illumination and with a light-emitting diode (LED) illumination at 1010 lx). Samples were analyzed during storage by instrumental color measurements, total anthocyanin content, and consumers’ acceptance/rejection of the product color. Current-status survival analysis was performed to estimate the sensory-based shelf-life of the strawberry leather. The chromatic parameters (a* and ΔE* values) and anthocyanin content changed with increasing storage time and RH, fitting a first-order fractional conversion model. Samples conditioned at the higher RH showed a higher reduction of a* values and anthocyanins losses when stored under LED illumination than those without illumination. The increase of RH resulted in a faster increase of the consumer rejection probability and a shorter shelf life of the strawberry leather. For 50% of consumers’ rejection, the sensory shelf life of the strawberry leather equilibrated at 22.5% RH was estimated as at least 54 days, while it was reduced to approximately 2 days at 52.3% RH. The red chromatic parameter (a* value) strongly correlated to the percentage of consumer rejection in all storage conditions, suggesting that this analytical parameter can be useful as a predictor of strawberry leather’s shelf life. Therefore, the results of this study show the applicability of an approach that integrates instrumental and sensory data to acquire faster information on color changes during the storage of strawberry leather and product shelf-life prediction.
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Thanh, Hoang Van, Chao Chang Arthur Chen, and Chia Hsing Kuo. "Injection Molding of PC/PMMA Blend for Fabricate of the Secondary Optical Elements of LED Illumination." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.134.
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This paper is to investigate the optimization of mechanical properties for the maximum tensile strength, elongation, and impact strength of Polycarbonate and Polymethyl methacrylate (PC/PMMA) blends by injection molding process. The PC/PMMA plastics composites with different blending percentage are first blended have been injected as the tensile and impact specimens designed according to ASTM, type V by injection molding machine. Taguchi’s method is then used to find the optimal parameters for the maximum tensile strength, elongation and impact strength. The control factors selected in this study are melt temperature, packing pressure, mold temperature and cooling time. An ANOVA table has been used for determining the significance of injection molding parameters. Results of experiments show that the melt temperature is the most significant parameter for improvement of mechanical properties of PC-PMMA plastics composites. Blends with high PC concentrations result in low tensile strength and high impact strength. Illumination testing of the tatol internal reflection (TIR) of PC/PMMA blends has been proceeded and the TIR lens illumination intensity is compared with three compositions of the PC/PMMA blends. Illumination results show that the PC/PMMA 80/20 blend has the highest intensity of illumination. Results of this study can be applied on the optimization of injection molding parameters for polymer blends of LED lens.
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Tishkina, Elena, and Andrey Montile. "Characteristics of lighting parameters and its interception by the crowns of Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. bushes in forest parks of Yekaterinburg." BIO Web of Conferences 95 (2024): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249502001.
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Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. distributed in twelve of fifteen forest parks in Yekaterinburg on an area of 396.8 hectares. The lighting parameters in different parts of the crown of pregenerative individuals of cotoneaster in the Karasye-Ozersky and Malo-Istoksky forest parks, as well as the ability to intercept light, were studied. The percentage of light interception by the entire crown is 41% and 51% for cotoneaster habitats, respectively. The average heights (H) and the minimum and maximum diameters of bush crowns (Dmin, Dmax) in the two habitats do not differ significantly. The parameters of illumination and its interception by different parts of the crown have their own characteristics for the two samples. There are no correlations between the measured heights and crown diameters of bushes and the considered lighting parameters. The initial illumination above the crowns of the bushes for the habitat in the Malo-Istoksky forest park has low values compared to the Karasye- Ozersky forest park, apparently this is a consequence of shading of the bushes. Differences in incoming illumination caused differences in the structure of correlations between the parameters of its interception. For the habitat in the Malo-Istoksky Forest Park, all correlations are high positive, while in the Karasye-Ozersky Forest Park some correlations are absent, and some are negative correlations. Other features of interception of illumination by the crowns of cotoneaster bushes were noted.
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Fernández Irigaray, Leonardo, Julián Bernatene, Abel Szeps, et al. "Children’s bedroom illumination while reading at night." Oftalmología Clínica y Experimental 17, no. 04 (2024): e516-e522. https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v17.n04.362.
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Objective: This study aims to describe children’s patterns of reading at night. Methods: A questionnaire was developed as a google survey with 10 brief questions sent by email to a sample of 35,000 adult subjects who had attended two ophthalmic medical centers in Argentina. Questions included information on age, gender, whether the child had myopia or not, if the child read before going to bed, if there were one or two lights on while reading, and the type of house the child lived in (simple house, house with garden and high rise building). Results: The sample consisted of 588 school aged children (mean age =10.9 ± 2.6 years; 51.7 % males). The prevalence of “self-reported myopia”, “no spectacle use (emmetropes)” and “spectacle use other than myopia” was 21.0%, 62.9% and 16.1% respectively. A large percentage of the children read at night in bed before sleeping (81.6%). In 31.7% of cases children read with lights off with only the light of the device, in 26.4% read with one light on, and in 18.0% of the cases read with two lights on (23.8% answered that their children did not go to bed reading). Older age was the only variable associated with an increased odds of self-reported myopia (Odds Ratio: 1.16; 95% CIs 1.04, 1.29; p=0.006). Conclusion: We found that most children go to bed reading at night in mesopic conditions under low illumination. This could be a risk factor for myopia development. Thus, further studies are necessary to explore this hypothesis.
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FELSKA-BŁASZCZYK, Lidia. "EFFECT OF SHORTER OR LONGER EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING OF PREGNANT MINK (NEOVISON VISON) ON THEIR REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 367, no. 66 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2023.66.2.1.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the length of the period of artificial lighting of mink on their reproductive performance. The experiment was carried out on a mink farm in West Pomerania, Poland. Reproduction data of 1068 one-year-old female mink of the silverblue strain were analyzed. All females were in selection classes 7 and 8 and were mated four times, first between the 1st and 10th of March. Females were illuminated during pregnancy with artificial light such that the light day was 17 hours per day. Females were divided into two groups – one group was illuminated from March 20 to April 17, and the other from March 20 to May 15. The following reproductive indices were analyzed in relation to the length of illumination: length of diapause and gestation, litter size, number of live-born and weaned young per litter, percentage of barren females, percentage of females dead during gestation and lactation, and average length of lactation in which females died. Artificially illuminated females were characterized by longer diapause, longer gestation, larger litters, but they had higher mortality of young during maternal nursing. It was also found that females with shorter lactation reared slightly more young, and were characterized by a lower percentage of barren females and females dying during pregnancy and lactation. The analysis conducted in this study confirmed the period of illumination of pregnant mink until April 17 is sufficient in terms of reproductive performance of the females.
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Soetedjo, Hariyadi, Bagus Haryadi, and Danu Taspyanto. "Effect of Light Illumination on Leaves Movement of Mimosa pudica." Applied Mechanics and Materials 771 (July 2015): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.771.63.
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A study on the effect of light illumination introduced to the leaves of Mimosa pudica was carried out using different light intensities. The leaves will open gradually from the closed condition after the light was illuminated. Plant of M. pudica was placed in the dark box during measurement meanwhile the Petiole (part of the stem) of the plant was at normal position (hanging up). The camera was fixed to the box to monitor the leaves’ movement continuous and real time. By using this method the change of the top view area of the leaves could be observed. A crossed line was drawn on the image recorded and was measured its length. The calculation of the length gives the percentage of leaves at open during the observation time. Ultrasonic apparatus was also used to monitor the change of leaves. From the results, at an illumination intensity of 200 Lux, the percentage of leaves to open completely with respects to the observation time was found to increase nonlinearly by taking the time of 25 minutes. For intensities of 400 Lux, the trend of curve was also similar but increase rapidly. The ultrasonic signals show much stable at 200 Lux comparing to 400 Lux that was fluctuating. That may be due to the relatively faster movement of the leaves to open. This natural phenomenon is interesting and may introduce any change of natural indication that could be explored for further applications.
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Areshidze, David Aleksandrovich, Lyudmila Mikhaylovna Mikhaleva, Lev Vladimirovich Kakturskiy, Marina Vladislavovna Kondashevskaya, Mariya Aleksandrovna Kozlova, and Valeriy Petrovich Chernikov. "INFLUENCE OF COMBINED EFFECT OF CONSTANT ILLUMINATION AND CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION ON HEPATOCYTE ULTRASTRUCTURE IN MALE AND FEMALE WISTAR RATS." Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2023-3-151-166.
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Light pollution causes melatonin deficiency and circadian rhythm disruption. Thus, it is associated with hepatopathy. Circadian rhythm disruption increases liver damage from alcohol and the severity of alcoholism.
 The aim of the study was to examine the combined effect of constant illumination and chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI) on hepatocyte ultrastructure in male and female rats.
 Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on 120 male and 80 female Wistar outbred rats aged 6 months. The experiment lasted 3 weeks. Differences in morphological patterns of hepatocyte ultrastructure were visually assessed. The percentage of hepatocytes containing lipid vacuoles was calculated.
 Results. Constant illumination and chronic alcohol intoxication caused allostasis. Hepatocyte edema, mitochondria swelling, karyopyknosis, fatty degeneration, and hepatocyte death were detected in the liver cells of male and female rats. The above-mentioned pathological changes were less severe in females. Moreover, collagen layers did not proliferate into the liver tissues in female rats. So, we can conclude that the combined effect of constant illumination and CAI do not lead to inflammatory changes and architectural distortion in the liver of female rats. Taking into account the morphological picture of the liver of male and female rats and a number of biochemical parameters that describe its functional state, the obtained data on gender differences in the hepatocyte ultrastructure in rats exposed to CAI and constant illumination allow us to report that hepatocyte adaptation to stress is more successful in female rats than in male ones.
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Gomathi Devi, L., and B. Narasimha Murthy. "Structural characterization of Th-doped TiO2 photocatalyst and its extension of response to solar light for photocatalytic oxidation of oryzalin pesticide: a comparative study." Open Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2009): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0101-9.
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AbstractThe degradation efficiency of Th-doped TiO2 / TiO2 photocatalysts were investigated under UV and solar light illumination. The model compound chosen for the study was Oryzalin (OZ). Doping of inner transition metal ion Th was intended to modify the electronic properties of TiO2. The Th-doped TiO2 were synthesized by incorporating 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.1 atom percentage of Th into the TiO2 lattice by solid-state reaction. The stochiometry of the prepared samples is Ti1−xThxO2, where ‘x’ is the percentage of Th. The samples were characterized by UV-Visible absorption, UV-Visible -Diffused reflectance spectra, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The pore size and surface area of these samples were studied by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) adsorption method. It was found that metal ion doping at various percentage compositions enables a large shift in the absorption band of the TiO2 towards visible light region. This is due to the formation of various mid band gaps at 2.84 eV, 2.804 eV, 2.66 eV, and 2.55 eV. The extent of degradation of the pesticide was followed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and GC-MS methods. Based on the spectral analysis, the probable degradation reaction mechanism for OZ is proposed. These results indicate that Th-doped TiO2 with the modified electronic properties is a good catalyst under solar light irradiation. But these particles show marginal variation in rates under UV-illumination. All the photodegradation reactions follow the first order kinetics.
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S.E., Rozali, and Sivaguru N. "Utilization of LED illumination coupled with UV-C irradiation to improve the post-harvest quality of radish microgreens." Food Research 8, Supplementary 3 (2024): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.8(s3).4.
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Microgreens are an emerging class of fresh vegetables that have been recognized as health -promoting foods due to their high phytonutrients and bioactive compounds. However, the major limitation to the growth of the microgreens industry is rapid quality deterioration upon harvest. Several studies have demonstrated that UV-C treatment may be an effective tool to extend the shelf life of fresh vegetables. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different LED illumination and UV-C irradiation treatments on postharvest quality and phytochemical accumulation in the microgreens. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) microgreens were used in this study. The microgreens were cultivated under white and red:blue LED illumination. The harvested microgreens were subjected to UV-C irradiation (254 nm) at four different durations (5, 10, 15 and 20 mins) prior stored at 4°C for 12 days. The results showed that the red:blue LED illumination significantly improved the total biomass and chlorophyll content in microgreens. The width of cotyledonary leaves is also longer compared to the microgreens grown under white LED. The total flavonoid content was found higher in microgreens grown under red:blue illumination. The present study also demonstrated that the different durations of UV-C post-harvest treatment significantly influenced the post-harvest quality of microgreens. The harvested microgreens treated with 10 mins of UV-C irradiation have the highest fresh weight, and total chlorophyll and carotenoid content after 12 days of harvest. The long duration of UV -C treatment at 20 mins has caused severe deterioration as it showed the highest percentage of weight loss in the harvested microgreens. The preliminary results postulated that the cultivation of microgreens under red:blue LED illumination coupled with postharvest UV-C treatment potentially improves the post-harvest quality of radish microgreens.
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Kim, Dong Hyun, and Kyung Binn Noh. "Perceived adequacy of illumination and pedestrians’ night-time experiences in urban obscured spaces: A case of London." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 8 (2018): 1134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18790630.
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This paper discusses lighting for pedestrian in urban obscured spaces and how perceived adequacy of illumination (PAI) might enhance pedestrians’ night-time experiences. A conventional approach is to evaluate human responses under road lighting of different illuminance, but this alone does not enable an optimum light level to be identified. In this study, a total of 30 participants (19 females and 11 males) visited 10 different urban obscured spaces underneath bridges in London. Their night-time experiences such as feelings, suitability of a space, discomfort glare and facial recognition were compared with horizontal illuminance levels and percentages of PAI. The result indicates that horizontal illuminance was associated with perceived quality of facial recognition, perceived ratings of pleasantness and liveliness. However, higher lighting does not seem to result in higher qualities of other night-time experiences in uncontrolled environments. Spaces with higher percentage of PAI are more strongly associated with an increase in pedestrians’ perceptions of pleasantness, liveliness, suitability of spaces and ratings of facial recognition. Perceived level of discomfort glare was found not to be related with neither illuminance level nor PAI percentages. The paper suggests that PAI can be a moderate indicator of an overall night-time experience for pedestrians in obscured spaces.
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Wang, Shuaijie, Hao Yu, and Xingxing Cheng. "Degradation of Typical Indoor Air Pollutants Using Fe-Doped TiO2Thin Film under Daylight Illumination." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/829892.
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A type of iron-doped titania thin film was prepared by means of sol-gel method to degrade indoor formaldehyde (HCHO), ammonia (NH3), and benzene (C6H6) under sunlight. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spetra (EDS). The results showed that the iron was doped in the TiO2photocatalyst successfully. The absorption edge of doped TiO2had red shifts and the doped TiO2had a stronger absorption than the pure TiO2in the visible region. Fe-doped TiO2thin film prepared with the optimal preparation condition could remove indoor HCHO, NH3and C6H6effectively under solar light irradiation. The removal percentage of HCHO, NH3or C6H6after 9 h photocatalytic reaction under solar light reached 55%, 53.1%, and 37.5%, respectively, when they existed in the air individually. When the three pollutants were mixed in the air, the removal percentage decreased to 33.3%, 28.3%, and 28%. The degradation reaction of the three pollutants followed the pseudo first-order kinetics, which reflects that the photocatalytic reaction was controlled by the surface chemical reaction and the reaction rate was controlled by concentration of reactants.
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Gegova-Dzhurkova, Radka, Diana Nesheva, Irina Stambolova, Katerina Zaharieva, Valeri Dzhurkov, and Ilko Miloushev. "Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance under Ultraviolet and Visible Light Illumination of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Modified Sol-Gel Method." Molecules 29, no. 17 (2024): 4005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174005.
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Semiconductor oxides are frequently used as active photocatalysts for the degradation of organic agents in water polluted by domestic industry. In this study, sol-gel ZnO thin films with a grain size in the range of 7.5–15.7 nm were prepared by applying a novel two-step drying procedure involving hot air treatment at 90–95 °C followed by conventional furnace drying at 140 °C. For comparison, layers were made by standard furnace drying. The effect of hot air treatment on the film surface morphology, transparency, and photocatalytic behavior during the degradation of Malachite Green azo dye in water under ultraviolet or visible light illumination is explored. The films treated with hot air demonstrate significantly better photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet irradiation than the furnace-dried films, which is comparable with the activity of unmodified ZnO nanocrystal powders. The achieved percentage of degradation is 78–82% under ultraviolet illumination and 85–90% under visible light illumination. Multiple usages of the hot air-treated films (up to six photocatalytic cycles) are demonstrated, indicating improved photo-corrosion resistance. The observed high photocatalytic activity and good photo-corrosion stability are related to the hot air treatment, which causes a reduction of oxygen vacancies and other defects and the formation of interstitial oxygen and/or zinc vacancies in the films.
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Oliveira, Nelson Luiz Batista de, and Regina Marcia Cardoso de Sousa. "Traffic accidents with motorcycles and their relationship to mortality." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 19, no. 2 (2011): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692011000200024.
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This study characterizes traffic accidents involving motorcycles according to local conditions, data concerning the type of accident, date and time, and identifies among these variables those associated with the death of victims. This retrospective study uses data from traffic collision reports from 2004 and death records from the institute of forensic medicine. A total of 99.4% of the events occurred in urban areas, where illumination (87.4%), weather conditions (80.6%); and traffic signs (70.6%) were satisfactory. Collisions between motorcycles and cars or pickup trucks prevailed (55.5%), followed by motorcycle falls (18.0%). In relation to the type of collision, the highest percentage was observed in broadside collision category (35.2%). There were differences between the groups of fatalities and survivors in relation to the area and illumination in the collision’s site, in addition to the types of collision and impact. The conclusion is that local conditions and types of collision and impact stand out among the multiple variables defining the severity of accidents involving motorcycles.
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Utami, Sari Widya, Artdhita Fajar Pratiwi, and Galih Mustiko Aji. "The Influence of Different Light Intensity on the Growth of Zoysia matrella Seeds." Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 4 (2024): 492–501. https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v8i4.303.
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Zoysia matrella is a type of highly valued grass, but the seedling time is very long due to the slow growth rate. Several studies have been conducted using artificial light as a light source to accelerate indoor plant production. However, this technology is yet to be widely used for seed production. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain optimal light intensity from artificial light in accelerating Zoysia matrella seedling time. The treatment in the form of Light Emitting Diode (LED) illumination given to increase the growth of Zoysia seedlings consisted of 5 levels, namely 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 (μmol/m2/s). The parameters studied were germination percentage, germination rate, and vegetative measurement in the form of seedling height in Zoysia nursery chamber equipped with artificial light. The results showed that the artificial illumination technology in the nursery chamber increased the speed of seedling time in the germination and growth phases of Zoysia seeds.
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Chen, Po-Han, and Luh-Maan Chang. "Effectiveness of neuro-fuzzy recognition approach in evaluating steel bridge paint conditions." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 1 (2006): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-077.
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The development of digital image recognition techniques has contributed to increased precision in pattern recognition and led to numerous applications in industries. In September 1999, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) first tried out digital image recognition techniques to steel bridge coating assessment. The purpose of this tryout was to obtain a rust percentage, which was required in the INDOT bridge painting warranty contract, when conducting steel bridge coating investigation. Despite the advantages of digital image recognition, some problems that may cause inaccurate recognition results still exist. Nonuniform illumination (i.e., brightness or darkness or shadow) is one of them. The neuro-fuzzy recognition approach (NFRA) was developed to minimize the effect of nonuniform illumination. In this technical note, the framework of NFRA, its application to steel bridge coating assessment, and its performance comparison to three other image recognition methods will be presented.Key words: neuro-fuzzy recognition approach (NFRA), artificial neural network (ANN), double sampling plan, multiresolution pattern classification (MPC), iterated conditional modes (ICM).
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Coley, P. F., and P. R. Jonas. "The influence of cloud structure and droplet concentration on the reflectance of shortwave radiation." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 8 (1996): 845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0845-5.
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Abstract. The effects of cloud shadowing, channelling, cloud side illumination and droplet concentration are investigated with regard to the reflection of shortwave solar radiation. Using simple geometric clouds, coupled with a Monte Carlo model the transmission properties of idealized cloud layers are found. The clouds are illuminated with direct solar radiation from above. The main conclusion reached is that the distribution of the cloud has a very large influence on the reflectivity of a cloud layer. In particular, if the cloud contains vertical gaps through the cloud layer in which the liquid water content is zero, then, smaller more numerous gaps are more influential on the radiation than fewer, larger gaps with equal cloud fraction. At very low solar zenith angles channelling of the radiation reduces the reflection expected on the basis of the percentage cloud cover. At high solar zenith angles the illumination of the cloud edges significantly increases the reflection despite the shadowing of one cloud by another when the width of the gaps is small. The impact of droplet concentration upon the reflection of cloud layers is also investigated. It is found that at low solar zenith angles where channelling is important, the lower concentrations increase the transmission. Conversely, when cloud edge illumination is dominant the cloud distribution is found to be more important for the higher concentrations.
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Eka Mardiana, Massus Subekti, and Imam Arif R. "EFEKTIVITAS PENCAHAYAAN PADA RUANG BACA DAN RUANG PERKULIAHAN DI GEDUNG BUNG HATTA PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNJ MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE DIALUX EVO 8.2." Journal of Electrical Vocational Education and Technology 5, no. 2 (2020): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jevet.0052.04.
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Abstract
 This research aims to produce of illumination the appropriate lighting in the reading room and lecture room. Because sometimes in the construction of a building, there are still many techicians who have not followed the rules that have been set for appropriate illumination lighting in the reading room and lecture rooms. In this research using a quantitative approach with a descriptive engineering method engineering by utilizing three phases i.e manual measurement, manual calculations and simulated of Dialux Evo 8.2. The manual measurement uses Luxmeter as a measurement to get the value of the measured illumination in the reading room and lecture rooms based on the Standar. The manual calculation uses the calculation method according to SNI. The simulation uses Dialux Evo 8.2 software to optimize the value of the lighting which should be used in the reading room and lecture rooms. 
 The results showed that illumination values were produced in the reading room and the lecture rooms still did not meet the specified Standars. Research do 3 design scenario improvements. The first scenario in the reading room and the lecture room was obtained average optimization percentage of 72% and 57% in the second scenario obtained the optimization percentage 20% s/d 88%, in the third scenario of the light point added, changing the lamp and changing the wall character obtained an optimization percentage of 23% s/d 89%. It can be concluded that the scenario of two is done to Linux obtained some illumination results that conform to the Standars set in the reading room and the lecture room and the value of the deviation generated between the room that is not exposed to sunlight and the room that is exposed the sunlight has a nearby deviation.
 Abstrak
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan kuat penerangan yang sesuai pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan. Karena terkadang dalam pembangunan sebuah gedung, masih banyak beberapa teknisi yang belum mengikuti aturan yang telah ditetapkan untuk penerangan yang sesuai pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif rekayasa Teknik dengan memanfaatkan tiga fase yaitu pengukuran manual, perhitungan manual dan simulasi Dialux Evo 8.2. Pengukuran manual menggunakan Luxmeter sebagai alat ukur untuk mendapatkan nilai kuat penerangan yang terukur pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan berdasarkan Standar. Perhitungan manual menggunakan cara perhitungan menurut SNI. Simulasi menggunakan Software Dialux Evo 8.2 untuk mengoptimalkan nilai kuat penerangan yang seharusnya digunakan pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan.
 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kuat penerangan yang dihasilkan pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan masih belum memenuhi standar yang ditentukan. Peneliti melakukan 3 skenario desain perbaikan. Desain perbaikan skenario pertama pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan diperoleh rata-rata presentase optimalisasi 72% dan 57%, pada skenario kedua diperoleh presentase optimalisasi 20% s/d 88%, pada skenario ketiga titak lampu ditambah, merubah lampu dan merubah karakter dinding diperoleh presentase optimalisasi sebesar 23% s/d 89%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa skenario dua yang dilakukan untuk pengoptimalisasian didapatkan beberapa hasil kuat penerangan yang sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan dan nilai simpangan yang dihasilkan antara ruangan yang tidak terkena cahaya matahari dan ruangan yang terkena cahaya matahari memiliki simpangan yang tidak jauh.
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Pereira, Débora V. S., Caroline M. M. Mota, and Martin A. Andresen. "Social Disorganization and Homicide in Recife, Brazil." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 14 (2015): 1570–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15623282.
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In this article, we investigate the determinants of homicide in Recife, Brazil, considering social disorganization theory. Using georeferenced homicide data, 2009-2013, and census data, we analyze homicide in Recife using a spatial regression technique that controls for spatial autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity at the census tract level. Overall, we find that homicide in Recife, Brazil, is characterized by social disorganization theory. Specifically, positive relationships are found for inequality, rented houses, and quantity of people, but negative relationships are found for income, literacy, percentage of married people, water supply, public illumination, the percentage of women responsible for the house, and population density. Overall, we find that social disorganization theory provides an instructive framework for understanding homicide in Recife, Brazil. However, there are specific contexts to Brazil that are different from North American contexts.
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SURYANTI, DESTI IKA, SRI RAMAYANTI, and MOHAMMAD MUKHAYADI. "Iluminasi Panel Surya pada Satelit Orbit Rendah Ekuatorial." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 7, no. 3 (2019): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v7i3.480.
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ABSTRAKDesain satelit telah berkembang ke arah miniaturisasi untuk mengurangi biaya peluncuran. Satelit kecil menyediakan platform berbiaya rendah untuk misi luar angkasa. Salah satu permasalahan utama satelit kecil adalah terbatasnya ketersediaan daya. Karena ketersediaan daya diperlukan agar subsistem satelit dapat bekerja, maka pada proses desain satelit perlu dilakukan analisis dan estimasi ketersediaan daya selama satelit mengorbit dengan tetap mempertahankan kekompakan dan volume yang diberlakukan oleh standar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi iluminasi matahari pada panel surya dari berbagai alternatif desain penempatan sehingga diperoleh sebuah desain yang efisien. Iluminasi maksimum sebuah panel surya triple junction yang terpasang secara body mounted pada satelit kurang lebih sebesar 60%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kombinasi pemasangan 3 body mounted panel surya dan 2 simple deploy panel surya menghasilkan persentase iluminasi dua kali lipat dibandingkan 5 body mounted panel surya.Kata kunci: panel surya triple junction, iluminasi, body mounted, simple deploy, daya ABSTRACTSatellite design has envolved towards miniaturization to reduce launch costs. Small satellites provide a low-cost platform for space missions. One of the main problems with small satellites is the limited availability of power. Because the availability of power is needed so that the satellite subsystem can work, the satellite design process needs to analyze and estimated power availability as long as the satellite orbits while maintaining the compactness and volume imposed by the standard. This study aims to determine the conditions of solar illumination on solar panels from various alternative design placements in order to obtain an efficient design. Maximum illumination of triple junction solar panel mounted on a small satellite is approximately 60%. Based on the results of this study, the combination of installing 3 body mounted solar panels and 2 simple deploy solar panels produced twice the illumination percentage compared to 5 body mounted solar panels.Keywords: solar panel triple junction, illumination, body mounted, simple deploy, power
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Distler, C., and K. P. Hoffmann. "The pupillary light reflex in normal and innate microstrabismic cats, I: Behavior and receptive-field analysis in the nucleus praetectalis olivaris." Visual Neuroscience 3, no. 2 (1989): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800004442.
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AbstractNeurons in the nucleus praetectalis olivaris (NPO) were antidromically identified by electrical stimulation of the nucleus of Edinger-Westphal (EW), the location of preganglionic pupilloconstrictor motoneurons. Electrical stimulation within the NPO leads to bilateral pupil constriction. Single neurons recorded in the NPO respond tonically to light stimuli, and their discharge frequency increases linearly with logarithmic increase in light intensity. This characteristic identifies NPO neurons as luminance detectors. They have large receptive fields mostly lying in the upper and contralateral quadrant of the visual field.Cats with impaired binocular vision show a significantly reduced binocular summation of the pupillary light reflex (BSP), i.e. the increase of pupil constriction during binocular illumination when compared to monocular illumination is less than in normal animals. The investigation of ocular dominance and subthreshold binocular interactions in the NPO of normal and innate microstrabismic cats revealed two possible mechanisms for BSP and its reduction in strabismic subjects. First, the percentage of neurons increasing their discharge rate by illuminating either eye is significantly reduced in the NPO of innate microstrabismic cats (6.6%) when compared to normal cats (22% of all neurons tested). Second, in most NPO neurons of normal cats the subthreshold influence of the ipsilateral eye leads to an increase in neuronal activity during binocular stimulation when compared to monocular stimulation of the contralateral eye (binocular summation). The subthreshold influence of the ipsilateral eye in most NPO neurons of microstrabismic cats, however, is inhibitory, i.e. the neuronal discharge rate during binocular stimulation is decreased when compared to monocular stimulation of the contralateral eye (binocular inhibition). However, there is no significant correlation between BSP and binocularity in the NPO in individual animals. This suggests that BSP may be additionally influenced by visual structures other than NPO.
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Omar, Rokiah. "Mobility Performance in Retinitis Pigmentosa Under Different Lighting Simulation Conditions." BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology 1, no. 1 (2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.010.
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This study examined the mobility performance in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) under different simulation lighting conditions. A total of twenty-one subjects with RP and twenty-one age-matched controls were enrolled. Preferred Walking Speed (PWS) were determined using a simple mobility course at 61 cd/m2 while Percentage of Preferred Walking Speed (PPWS) and error score were determined at five different illumination level which were 62, 47, 20, 6 and 1 cd/m2 using a complex mobility course. RP and normal people had similar mobility performances in simple mobility situations at a constant high light level. In lower light levels as well as in complex mobility situations, RP subjects demonstrated markedly reduced mobility performance. The relationship between PPWS and luminance was linear, with the PPWS decreasing significantly when the mobility course luminance dropped below the illumination of 20 cd/m2 . The Error score was also noted to be linearly related to log luminance. A luminance level of 20 cd/m2 may provide a useful decision point in setting indoor light levels for clinical mobility courses.
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Omar, Rokiah. "Mobility Performance in Retinitis Pigmentosa Under Different Lighting Simulation Conditions." BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology 1, no. 1 (2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.2022.010.
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This study examined the mobility performance in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) under different simulation lighting conditions. A total of twenty-one subjects with RP and twenty-one age-matched controls were enrolled. Preferred Walking Speed (PWS) were determined using a simple mobility course at 61 cd/m2 while Percentage of Preferred Walking Speed (PPWS) and error score were determined at five different illumination level which were 62, 47, 20, 6 and 1 cd/m2 using a complex mobility course. RP and normal people had similar mobility performances in simple mobility situations at a constant high light level. In lower light levels as well as in complex mobility situations, RP subjects demonstrated markedly reduced mobility performance. The relationship between PPWS and luminance was linear, with the PPWS decreasing significantly when the mobility course luminance dropped below the illumination of 20 cd/m2 . The Error score was also noted to be linearly related to log luminance. A luminance level of 20 cd/m2 may provide a useful decision point in setting indoor light levels for clinical mobility courses.
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Omar, Rokiah. "Mobility Performance in Retinitis Pigmentosa Under Different Lighting Simulation Conditions." BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology 1, no. 1 (2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.2022.10.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the mobility performance in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) under different simulation lighting conditions. A total of twenty-one subjects with RP and twenty-one age-matched controls were enrolled. Preferred Walking Speed (PWS) were determined using a simple mobility course at 61 cd/m2 while Percentage of Preferred Walking Speed (PPWS) and error score were determined at five different illumination level which were 62, 47, 20, 6 and 1 cd/m2 using a complex mobility course. RP and normal people had similar mobility performances in simple mobility situations at a constant high light level. In lower light levels as well as in complex mobility situations, RP subjects demonstrated markedly reduced mobility performance. The relationship between PPWS and luminance was linear, with the PPWS decreasing significantly when the mobility course luminance dropped below the illumination of 20 cd/m2 . The Error score was also noted to be linearly related to log luminance. A luminance level of 20 cd/m2 may provide a useful decision point in setting indoor light levels for clinical mobility courses.
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Jeong, Hwan-Seok, Hyun-Seok Cha, Seong-Hyun Hwang, Dong-Ho Lee, Sang-Hun Song, and Hyuck-In Kwon. "Effects of Oxygen Content on Operational Characteristics and Stability of High-Mobility IGTO Thin-Film Transistors during Channel Layer Deposition." Coatings 11, no. 6 (2021): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060698.
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In this study, we investigated the effects of oxygen content on the transfer characteristics and stability of high-mobility indium-gallium-tin oxide (IGTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) during channel layer deposition. The IGTO thin films were deposited through direct current sputtering at different ambient oxygen percentages of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The experimental results indicate that the drain currents were hardly modulated by the gate-to-source voltage in the IGTO TFT prepared at 10% ambient oxygen. However, as the oxygen content increased from 20% to 50%, the transfer curves shifted to the positive direction with a decrease in field-effect mobility (μFE). The IGTO TFTs exhibited deteriorated positive bias stress (PBS) stability as the oxygen content increased. However, the stabilities of the IGTO TFTs under negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) improved with an increase in the ambient oxygen percentage during the channel layer deposition. Furthermore, to understand the mechanism of the observed phenomena, we performed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the IGTO thin films prepared at different oxygen percentages. The XPS results demonstrate that the deteriorated PBS stability and enhanced NBIS stability of the IGTO TFTs prepared at higher oxygen percentages were mainly ascribed to the larger amount of oxygen interstitials resulting from the excess oxygen and the smaller number of oxygen vacancies within the IGTO, respectively. The obtained results suggest that the oxygen percentages of 30% in the sputtering ambient is the most suitable oxygen percentage for optimizing the electrical properties (μFE = 24.2 cm2/V·s, subthreshold swing = 0.43 V/dec, and threshold voltage = −2.2 V) and adequate PBS and NBIS stabilities of IGTO TFTs.
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Toghan, Arafat, Naglaa Roushdy, Hanan Alhussain, and Noha A. Elessawy. "Rational Engineering of Nanostructured NiS/GO/PVA for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants." Catalysts 14, no. 9 (2024): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14090567.
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A novel nanocomposite film synthesized from an inexpensive and easily accessible polymer such as poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which is coated with nickel sulfide (NiS) and graphene oxide (GO), was obtained from used drinking-water bottles. The produced coated film was examined as a potential photocatalyst film for wastewater treatment promotion in a batch system for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline (TC) antibiotics. The experimental results show that the presence of GO significantly increases the photocatalytic efficiency of NiS, and the MB and TC degradation results proved that the incorporation of GO with NiS led to a more than one-and-a-half-fold increase in the removal percentage in comparison with the NiS/PVA-coated film. After 30 min of illumination using GO/NiS/PVA-coated film, the removal efficiency reached 86% for MB and 64% for TC. The photodegradation kinetic rate followed the pseudo-first-order rate. Furthermore, the response surface methodology (RSM) model was utilized to study and optimize several operating parameters. The ideal circumstances to achieve 91% elimination of MB are 12 mg L−1 MB initial concentration, two lamps, and an illumination time of 15 min; however, to achieve 85% TC removal, 11 mg L−1 TC initial concentration, two lamps, and a 45 min illumination time should be used. The fabricated nanocomposite photocatalyst film seems to have promise for use in water purification systems.
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Kocijan, Martina, Lidija Ćurković, Damjan Vengust, et al. "Synergistic Remediation of Organic Dye by Titanium Dioxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite." Molecules 28, no. 21 (2023): 7326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28217326.
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In this work, nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide (TiO2@rGO) with different weight percentages of rGO (4, 8, and 16 wt%) were prepared by the hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis method and thermally treated at 300 °C. The prepared nanocomposites were explored for the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) in the presence of simulated solar illumination as well as natural sunlight. The structural, morphological, chemical, and optical properties of the as-synthesized TiO2@rGO nanocomposites were characterized. The obtained results of the graphene-based nanocomposite materials indicated the existence of interactions between TiO2 and rGO, i.e., the Ti–O–C bond, which confirmed the successful integration of both components to form the TiO2@rGO nanocomposites. The addition of rGO increased the specific surface area, decreased the band gap energy, and increased the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MB from water compared to TiO2 nanoparticles. The results of photocatalytic activity indicated that the amount of rGO in the prepared TiO2@rGO nanocomposites played a significant role in the application of different photocatalytic parameters, including the initial dye concentration, catalyst concentration, water environment, and illumination source. Our studies show that the reinforcement of the nanocomposite with 8 wt% of rGO allowed us to obtain the maximum photocatalytic decomposition performance of MB (10 mg·L−1) with a removal percentage of 99.20 after 2 h. Additionally, the obtained results show that the prepared TiO2@rGO_8 wt% nanocomposite can be used in three consecutive cycles while maintaining photocatalytic activity over 90%.
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Ghonimi, Islam. "Assessing Daylight Performance of Single vs. Double Skin Façade in Educational Buildings: A Comparative Analysis of Two Case Studies." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n3p133.
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The bulk of research on the performance of double skin facade is carried out in moderate climate with concern to ventilation and thermal performance. This research concerns day-light performance of double skin facades in hot arid zones, in Educational Buildings. This investigation adopts an inductive method using comparative analytical approach to convert general intuitions on the daylight performance of a double skin facade, in hot arid areas, into the grounds of understanding its performance based on research.Based on two case studies of lecture halls; the first with Single Skin Façade (SSF) and the second with Double Skin Façade (DSF); the impact of double skin façade on lighting performance is examined. The Protocol was applied to south facing models under overcast sky conditions to test significant effects of double skin façade on illumance values inside the lecture halls. Simulation results indicate that a double skin facade can achieve high lighting performance with better energy savings than a single skin façade; also the basic characteristics of width and distance of two walls are examined. It was expected that DSF fail to meet the acceptable standard indoor illuminance requirement of 200 to 300 lux. Comparing the single and double skin facade, the area percentage of the lecture hall, which covered with acceptable illumination level of 200 to 300 lux, are found in range of 10%, 50% respectively. In addition, the area percentage of the lecture hall, which covered with acceptable illumination level of 100 to 300 lux, is found in range of 30%, 80% respectively.
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Jimenez-Pinto, J., and M. Torres-Torriti. "Face salient points and eyes tracking for robust drowsiness detection." Robotica 30, no. 5 (2011): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574711000749.
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SUMMARYMeasuring a driver's level of attention and drowsiness is fundamental to reducing the number of traffic accidents that often involve bus and truck drivers, who must work for long periods of time under monotonous road conditions. Determining a driver's state of alert in a noninvasive way can be achieved using computer vision techniques. However, two main difficulties must be solved in order to measure drowsiness in a robust way: first, detecting the driver's face location despite variations in pose or illumination; secondly, recognizing the driver's facial cues, such as blinks, yawns, and eyebrow rising. To overcome these challenges, our approach combines the well-known Viola–Jones face detector with the motion analysis of Shi–Tomasi salient features within the face. The location of the eyes and blinking is important to refine the tracking of the driver's head and compute the so-called PERCLOS, which is the percentage of time the eyes are closed over a given time interval. The latter cue is essential for noninvasive driver's alert state estimation as it has a high correlation with drowsiness. To further improve the location of the eyes under different conditions of illumination, the proposed method takes advantage of the high reflectivity of the retina to near infrared illumination employing a camera with an 850 nm wavelength filter. The paper shows that motion analysis of the salient points, in particular cluster mass centers and spatial distributions, yields better head tracking results compared to the state-of-the-art and provides measures of the driver's alert state.
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Wang, Luping, and Hui Wei. "Bending Path Understanding Based on Angle Projections in Field Environments." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research 14, no. 1 (2023): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaiscr-2024-0002.
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Abstract Scene understanding is a core problem for field robots. However, many unsolved problems, like understanding bending paths, severely hinder the implementation due to varying illumination, irregular features and unstructured boundaries in field environments. Traditional three-dimensional(3D) environmental perception from 3D point clouds or fused sensors are costly and account poorly for field unstructured semantic information. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to understand field bending paths and build their 3D reconstruction from a monocular camera without prior training. Bending angle projections are assigned to clusters. Through compositions of their sub-clusters, bending surfaces are estimated by geometric inferences. Bending path scenes are approximated bending structures in the 3D reconstruction. Understanding sloping gradient is helpful for a navigating mobile robot to automatically adjust their speed. Based on geometric constraints from a monocular camera, the approach requires no prior training, and is robust to varying color and illumination. The percentage of incorrectly classified pixels were compared to the ground truth. Experimental results demonstrated that the method can successfully understand bending path scenes, meeting the requirements of robot navigation in an unstructured environment.
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Ribeiro, Filomena, Tiago B. Ferreira, Diana Silva, Ana Cláudia Matos, Sylvia Gaspar, and David P. Piñero. "Analysis of Daily Visual Habits in a Presbyopic Population." Journal of Ophthalmology 2023 (April 8, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6440954.
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Purpose. To evaluate and report the visual habits and requirements of a sample of presbyopic patients using an advanced sensor. Methods. Transversal study collecting clinical data from 40 presbyopes candidates for presbyopia-correction intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with mean age of 61.0 years (43–80 years). A complete ophthalmological examination was performed in all patients including visual, refractive, an ocular biometric analysis. Furthermore, patients were instructed about the use of the Vivior Monitor system (Vivior AG, Zürich, Switzerland), which consists of a series of sensors attached to the rim of the patient’s glasses that capture information about the visual behavior of the patient. This device was worn for a period of 36 hours or more. The data collected were transferred to a database and analyzed. Results. Mean percentages of time dedicated to distance, intermediate, and near vision were 27.25 ± 11.93% (5–65%), 30.23 ± 9.36% (12–50%), and 42.53 ± 14.96% (13–78%), respectively. Mean percentages of time performing activities under photopic, mesopic, and scotopic conditions were 37.08 ± 23.20% (5–87%), 33.65 ± 13.84% (6–67%), and 29.28 ± 17.03% (4–65%). The percentage of time with digital screens ranged from 2% to 48%. Age was significantly correlated with the percentage of time dedicated to distance vision (r = 0.317, p = 0.047 ) and to activities performed under photopic conditions (r = −0.344, p = 0.030 ). Conclusions. Distance and illumination conditions used to perform different daily life visual activities vary significantly among presbyopes, with a trend to the dedication of more time to intermediate and near visual activities performed under photopic and mesopic conditions. Data interpretation should be done with care until a proper validation of the device used.
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Othman, S. T., B. M. Ibrahim, and Y. M. A. Maaeni. "The Effect of Light Color and Intermittent Lighting Program on Different Productive Traits of Local Iraqi Chickens." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1449, no. 1 (2025): 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012015.
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Abstract The Poultry Research Station / Office of Agriculture researcher, Ministry of Agriculture, Abu Ghraib worked on this from 21st June, 2022, to 27th February, 2023. This study sought to examine how changing light hues and intermittent lighting schedules affected several productive traits in indigenous Iraqi laying hens engaged in the experiment: Using a cycle of sixteen times of illumination followed by eight periods of darkness during the manufacturing phase, T1(C) used solar lighting to control its lighting system. Operating intermittently, T2 (C+) makes use of a solar lighting system that alternately spans four hours of darkness and twelve hours of sunlight. The solar light is active during manufacturing. Over the manufacturing period, T3 (WL) uses an intermittent lighting system that alternately runs 12 h of white light, 4 h of darkness, and 4 h of solar light. Over the manufacturing time, the T4 (RL) red lighting system consists of four solar lights, four black lights, and twelve red lights—an intermittent lighting system. Comprising an intermittent lighting system, the T5 (UVR) system generates UV radiation. Among the characteristics we define are the weight of eggs, the weight of the chicks after hatching, the egg fertility (%), the total number of hatched eggs, fertility, and embryo death rate. Analyzing the data helps one to conclude that the experimental treatments had no appreciable variations in the fertility, the percentage of total hatched eggs, the fertilized eggs hatched, or the percentage of embryonic mortality. But specifically in the red color and UV ray treatments, we found notable variations with the control treatment regarding egg weight and the weight of the born chick. These results show that the inclusion of red hall and UV radiation in turn illumination is having a positive effect on certain productive coefficients.
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Lashin, Abdelrahman, Mohammad Al Turkestani, and Mohamed Sabry. "Performance of a Thermoelectric Generator Partially Illuminated with Highly Concentrated Light." Energies 13, no. 14 (2020): 3627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143627.
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In order to maximize the output of concentrator Photovoltaic cells and maintain their efficiencies, the operating temperature of concentrator photovoltaic cells must be reduced. A way that could reduce such photovoltaic temperature is by thermally attaching them on top of a thermoelectric generator. A thermoelectric generator in such coupling will act as a low-cost passive-cooling subsystem, as well as a power generator for producing additional energy from the rejected photovoltaic heat. Increasing the area of the proposed photovoltaic cells relative to the thermoelectric generator’s hot-side area will result in an increase in the thermoelectric generator’s electrical output, but may also result in overheating the photovoltaic cells, hence reducing their performance. Optimization has to be performed for the photovoltaic covering percentage relative to the hot-side area in order to maximize the output of the whole coupled system. This work investigates the electrical and thermal performance of thermoelectric generators in the case of partial illumination of their hot side. Experiments have been carried out using three thermoelectric generator modules with different areas, and under two levels of concentrated illumination. The thermoelectric generator output voltage, current, and temperature have been measured, and the figure-of-merit and maximum power of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) has been calculated and demonstrated.
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Bahdad, Ali A. S., S. F. Syed Fadzil, and N. Taib. "Evaluating kinetic light-shelves in south-facing orientation and their impacts on daylighting performance in tropics." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 1 (2020): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp476-484.
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This study aims to evaluate the natural illumination levels obtained using Light-Shelves Techniques (LST) under real tropical conditions in Malaysia. Two parameters of manually controllable of LST design have been examined; Location (L) and Position (P) which were placed on the south-façade window. A scaled-model experiment was applied to determine the illumination levels achieved by LST under real sky conditions. Computer simulation results using Radiance engine were used to validate the scaled-model method used indicators Daylight Ratio (DR%), and it observed to be in great concurrence with physical scaled-model data obtained under tropic sky which is mostly an intermediate sky. The maximum average level percentage of DR% differences between scaled-model and simulation was 1.8% (≤10%). The results showed the performance of the LST can be improved by controlling the location and position. The most optimal LST for south-facing orientation was found in different times at locations in the external L1 and L2 at P1 give the best illuminance near the window and the back. The best improvement in daylighting at deep office area (SP3) were 4.2% at 9:00h on Jan, 4.7% and 7.3% at 12:00h, and by 27% and 2.1% at 15:00h on Jan and March respectively.
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Ali, A. S. Bahdad, F. Syed Fadzil S., and Taib N. "Evaluating kinetic light-shelves and their impacts on daylighting performance." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS) 19, no. 1 (2020): 476–84. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp476-484.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to evaluate the natural illumination levels obtained using Light-Shelves Techniques (LST) under real tropical conditions in Malaysia. Two parameters of manually controllable of LST design have been examined; Location (L) and Position (P) which were placed on the south-façade window. A scaled-model experiment was applied to determine the illumination levels achieved by LST under real sky conditions. Computer simulation results using Radiance engine were used to validate the scaled-model method used indicators Daylight Ratio (DR%), and it observed to be in great concurrence with physical scaled-model data obtained under tropic sky which is mostly an intermediate sky. The maximum average level percentage of DR% differences between scaled-model and simulation was 1.8% (≤10%). The results showed the performance of the LST can be improved by controlling the location and position. The most optimal LST for south-facing orientation was found in different times at locations in the external L1 and L2 at P1 give the best illuminance near the window and the back. The best improvement in daylighting at deep office area (SP3) were 4.2% at 9:00h on Jan, 4.7% and 7.3% at 12:00h, and by 27% and 2.1% at 15:00h on Jan and March respectively.
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Andronic, Luminita, and Anca Duta. "Titanium Dioxide Thin Film for Photodegradation of Methyl Orange." Advanced Materials Research 23 (October 2007): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.23.325.
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The photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide thin film has been investigated towards the degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solutions. Porous TiO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrate by doctor blade technique. The thickness of the film prepared by doctor blade was also evaluated from de UV spectrum and the average value corresponds to 5 μm. The photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated as the percentage of pollutant bleaching, after 6h of UV illumination. The influence of the operational parameters (dye concentration, pH) on the degradation rate of the dye on TiO2 was examined. The catalytic activity of the films towards photodegradation of methyl orange pollutant was examined and their photocatalytic efficiency was calculated.
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Leng, Jin Feng, Ying Zi Wang, Xin Ying Teng, and De Jiang Hu. "Synthesis of TiO2/RGO Nanocomposites by Hydrothermal Method and their Photocatalytic Activity Research." Materials Science Forum 814 (March 2015): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.814.178.
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The TiO2 reduced graphene oxide (TiO2/RGO) nanocomposites were synthetized by hydrothermal method. The microstructure and morphologies of them were characterized by XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic activity was investigated by the methyl orange photogradation under UV illumination. The results showed that GO sheets had wrinkles and folds, and anatase-structured TiO2 covered on graphene surface after hydrothermal reaction. Compared to the TiO2 nanoparticles, the TiO2/RGO nanocomposites display the higher photogradation efficiency. In 90 minutes, the gradation percentage of TiO2/RGO nanocomposites to methyl orange is 80%, higher than TiO2 nanoparticle (40%). This is attributed to the large surface area of TiO2/RGO nanocomposites and their improved separation efficiency of electron-hole pair.
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Xie, Sheng, and Fei Ni. "Two-Dimensional Layered Zn(II) Metal–Organic Framework as Photocatalyst for Lupus Nephritis Therapy." Science of Advanced Materials 14, no. 1 (2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2022.4194.
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A new Zn(II) metal–organic framework formulated as [Zn3.5(SO4)2(μ3-OH)2(1,2,3-tz)(H2O)2]n (1, 1,2,3-Htz = 1,2,3-triazole) was subjected to solvothermal integration and structural modification. Semiconductive property was confirmed by UV-Vis diffuse spectrum, which showed an optical band gap of 2.68 eV. The solid specimen of 1 used as a photocatalyst exhibited outstanding photocatalytic performance with regard to MV degradation in aqueous solution during UV light illumination. The potential of the photocatalyst for lupus nephritis therapy and the underlying mechanism were investigated. ELISA revealed that FcyR II accumulated in plasma. The percentage of apoptotic renal epithelial cells was also measured with flow cytometry.