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Journal articles on the topic 'Illustrations – classification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Luo, Yang, and Yuewu Lin. "Effects of Illustration Types on the English Reading Performance of Senior High School Students with Different Cognitive Styles." English Language Teaching 10, no. 9 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n9p1.

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Illustration is always used as an example to make the written text or the utterance more clear in general. In Winarski’s opinion (1997), one picture equals thousands of words. That is to say, illustrations are capable to express the meaning of unfamiliar language or a great deal of information in the reading material by vivid pictures, tables, drawings, paintings and so on. As a result, illustrations are applied to many different fields including English language teaching. Based upon Song’s 3 types of illustration classification (2005), decorational illustrations, explainable illustrations and

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Xu, Rui, Xiaoheng Yang, and Ge Chen. "The Statistical Analysis and Thinking of the Illustration of High School Physics Textbook in Human Education Edition." Education Reform and Development 7, no. 4 (2025): 241–47. https://doi.org/10.26689/erd.v7i4.10281.

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Select the compulsory part of the 19-person edition of the physics textbook as the research object, adopt the text analysis method and design a double-layer classification model to analyze the illustrations in two dimensions of quantity and content. It is found that the illustration density of the three textbooks is high, exert importance to the value of illustrations. However, there are some shortcomings, such as not adhering to the principle of spatial continuity, too few explanatory illustrations and organizational illustrations, too few portrait historical figures, a lack of expressive for

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Ha, Yeoncheol, and Seung-Sep Kim. "Classification of large ornithopod dinosaur footprints using Xception transfer learning." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0293020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293020.

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Large ornithopod dinosaur footprints have been confirmed on all continents except Antarctica since the 19th century. However, oversplitting problems in ichnotaxa have historically been observed in these footprints. To address these issues and distinguish between validated ichnotaxa, this study employed convolutional neural network-based Xception transfer learning to automatically classify ornithopod dinosaur tracks. The machine learning model was trained for 162 epochs (i.e., the number of full cycles of all training data through the model) using 274 data images, excluding horizontally flipped

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Seleznova, Anna. "Recent Trends in the Development of Fashion-illustration in Ukraine." Bulletin of KNUKiM. Series in Arts, no. 43 (December 22, 2020): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.31866/2410-1176.43.2020.220059.

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The purpose of the article is to investigate recent trends in the development of fashion illustrations based on the analysis of the work of famous Ukrainian illustrator designers; to determine the main artistic techniques, graphic means and composition techniques used by modern illustrator designers; and to establish the application fields of these illustrations in the fashion industry. Research methodology. As materials for the article, we used fashion illustrations presented in print fashion publications Vogue, Vanity Fair, InStyle, Harper’s Bazaar and Internet sources that were posted

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Shi, Rui. "GSAIC: GeoScience Articles Illustration and Caption Dataset." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 9 (September 30, 2022): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v9i.1858.

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The scientific investigation of geoscience includes data collection, sample classification and semantic, consisting of a large number of images. An image-text search model that can well assist the research work of geoscience. However, the existing image-text datasets are mainly in the field of daily life and lack academic image-text datasets. In order to help geoscience researchers to investigate through the image and text, and to provide a new benchmark for researchers in the fields of data mining and information retrieval, this paper proposes a novel parallel material of geoscience academic

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Hong, Wenting, Yongmei Liu, Weiqing Tong, and Yonghao Ma. "Automatic Recognition of Garment Illustrations Based on CNN." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 1_suppl (2021): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.s1.16.

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In the process of garment production, obtaining and identifying garment illustrations, transforming them into the required information, and then implementing the information into automated production can improve the production efficiency to a great extent. However, the research on recognition of garment illustration and pattern image is mostly based on category classification, but very little on the identification of parts and details. The Inception module in the GoogleNet Inception and its improvement development models enhance parameter utilization, accelerate computation, and have no specia

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Lan, Ziwen, Keisuke Maeda, Takahiro Ogawa, and Miki Haseyama. "Multi-Label Classification in Anime Illustrations Based on Hierarchical Attribute Relationships." Sensors 23, no. 10 (2023): 4798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104798.

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In this paper, we propose a hierarchical multi-modal multi-label attribute classification model for anime illustrations using a graph convolutional network (GCN). Our focus is on the challenging task of multi-label attribute classification, which requires capturing subtle features intentionally highlighted by creators of anime illustrations. To address the hierarchical nature of these attributes, we leverage hierarchical clustering and hierarchical label assignments to organize the attribute information into a hierarchical feature. The proposed GCN-based model effectively utilizes this hierarc

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Marretta, Sandra Manfra, Alexander J. Schloss, and Undo S. Klippert. "Classification and Prognostic Factors of Endodontic-Periodontic Lesions in the Dog." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 9, no. 2 (1992): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649200900203.

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The classification of the possible pathologic relationships between the periodontium and endodontium in man includes three separate groups. This classification system is adapted for utilization in the dog to clarify the appropriate treatment and prognosis of dog's teeth affected with endodontic-periodontic lesions. This article describes the classification and treatment planning with illustrations of each type.

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Low, Christopher M., Jonathan M. Morris, Jane S. Matsumoto, Janalee K. Stokken, Erin K. O’Brien, and Garret Choby. "Use of 3D-Printed and 2D-Illustrated International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification Anatomic Models for Resident Education." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 161, no. 4 (2019): 705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819860832.

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Objective To examine the impact of 2-dimensional (2D) illustrations and 3-dimensonal (3D)–printed anatomic models of the frontal sinuses according to the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification in the education of otolaryngology and radiology residents. Study Design A crossover study design with half of the study participants randomized to the 2D illustration intervention first and the other half randomized to the 3D-printed model first. Setting Regularly scheduled resident didactic lectures at a tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods Forty-one otolaryngology and radiology resid

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10

Yue, Qing. "The Use of Textbook Illustrations in Teaching English Reading in Junior Secondary School." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (2023): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v3i4.4726.

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Although the progress of modern information technology and society has made modern junior high school English textbooks gradually develop in the direction of multi-modality, in actual teaching, teachers make less use of textbook illustrations and have difficulties in using them. Based on the two dimensions of classification and function of illustrations, the article Save the Sharks! from the Unit 13 Reading section of the Grade 9 English textbook of PEP is used as an example to discuss the effective use of textbook illustrations in reading teaching in conjunction with actual teaching. Teachers

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SCHLAGINTWEIT, FELIX, and MIKE SIMMONS. "THE ORIGINAL PUBLISHED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBRYONIC APPARATUS FROM THE ORBITOLINIDAE (FORAMINIFERA) (LOWER CRETACEOUS OF BORNEO) WITH A BRIEF COMMENTARY ON THE AGE OF ORBITOLINID OCCURRENCES IN BORNEO." Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, no. 19 (2) (May 15, 2023): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2023.02.04.

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The family Orbitolinidae originates with Martin (1890), who described the external and internal test features of orbitolinids from what can now understood to be the Lower Cretaceous of western Borneo. Overlooked in subsequent literature, this description includes the illustration of a transverse section passing through a megalospheric embryo of a specimen assigned to Orbitolina concava Lamarck and regarded as being Cenomanian in age. However, the illustration, description, and dimensions refer this specimen to Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach, 1805) comprising a relatively large, subdivi

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Ovalle Torres, Carlos Salvador, Gervith Reyes Soto, Álvaro Campero, et al. "The trinity of the internal carotid artery: Unifying terminologies of the main classifications to improve its surgical understanding." Surgical Neurology International 16 (May 16, 2025): 177. https://doi.org/10.25259/sni_27_2025.

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Background: The internal carotid artery (ICA) has multiple classification systems; it is essential for brain blood supply, which has bone/neurovascular relationships of wide neurosurgical interest; its anatomy must be known in detail, its angiographic-imaging aspect (endovascular), its ventral aspect (endoscopic endonasal approaches); and its lateral aspect (anterolateral skull base surgery). Our objectives were to identify coincidences/differences between the main classifications of the ICA to improve its surgical-anatomical understanding, unify the terminology of ICA segments, avoid confusio

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Kim, Yongho, Thomas Mandl, Chanjong Im, Sebastian Schmideler, and Wiebke Helm. "Applying Computer Vision Systems to Historical Book Illustrations." Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries Publications 3, no. 2 (2021): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/dhnbpub.11255.

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Digital humanities still need to unlock the potential of images anlysis algorithms to a large extent. Modern deep learning images processing can contribute much to quantify knowledge about visual components in books. In this study, we report on experiments carried out for historical print. The illustrations in books offer much for humanities research. Object recognition systems can identify the portfolio of objects in book illustrations. In a study with several hundreds of books, we applied systems to find illustrations and classify them. Results show that persons are shown in illustrations wi

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THAMBUGALA, KASUN M., HIRAN A. ARIYAWANSA, ZUO-YI LIU, EKACHAI CHUKEATIROTE, and KEVIN D. HYDE. "Towards a natural classification of Dothideomycetes 6: The genera Dolabra, Placostromella, Pleosphaerellula, Polysporidiella and Pseudotrichia (Dothideomycetes incertae sedis)." Phytotaxa 176, no. 1 (2014): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.8.

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The type specimens of Dolabra, Placostromella, Pleosphaerellula, Polysporidiella and Pseudotrichia were re-examined in order to suggest their familial and higher placement according to the morphology based on modern taxonomic concepts. An overview of the history and descriptions and illustrations of these genera are provided. Based on morphological similarities, Placostromella is placed in Parmulariaceae, while Pseudotrichia is transferred to Montagnulaceae. Pleosphaerellula is placed in Pleosporales, genera incertae sedis and Polysporidiella is retained in Dothideomycetes, genera incertae sed

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Zheng, Changbin, Yannan Mu, and Luyu Wang. "A new species of Neoantistea Gertsch, 1934 from Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China (Araneae, Hahniidae)." Biodiversity Data Journal 13 (May 9, 2025): e155306. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.13.e155306.

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Hahniidae is a family of spiders with 239 species belonging to 29 genera, of which 45 species belong to 9 genera was recorded in China.A new species of the genus <i>Neoantistea</i> Gertsch, 1934 is described from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve: <i>N. yintiaoling</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (♂). Morphological descriptions, photos and illustrations of copulatory organs are provided. Photos of <i>N. quelpartensis</i> Paik, 1958 are also presented in order to compare it with new species.

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Karaliutė, Marta, and Kęstutis Dučinskas. "Supervised linear classification of Gaussian spatio-temporal data." Lietuvos matematikos rinkinys 62 (December 15, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lmr.2021.25214.

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In this article we focus on the problem of supervised classifying of the spatio-temporal Gaussian random field observation into one of two classes, specified by different mean parameters. The main distinctive feature of the proposed approach is allowing the class label to depend on spatial location as well as on time moment. It is assumed that the spatio-temporal covariance structure factors into a purely spatial component and a purely temporal component following AR(p) model. In numerical illustrations with simulated data, the influence of the values of spatial and temporal covariance paramet

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17

Montavon, P. M., and M. Messmer. "Pelvic fractures in the dog and cat: a classification system and review of 556 cases." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 17, no. 04 (2004): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633411.

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SummaryA system for the classification of pelvic fractures in small animals is described. The system is based on a review of 556 cases and adapted from the AO/ASIF classification system for fractures of long bones in humans and small animals. A coding method was created to encompass the multiple sites in pelvic fractures, and associate fracture location and morphology with complexity of therapy and prognosis. The classification is based on criteria derived from standard radiographs and well-defined in a glossary of terms. Illustrations of fracture configurations given by the codes facilitate t

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Wong-Kisiel, Lily C., and Katherine Nickels. "Electroencephalogram of Age-Dependent Epileptic Encephalopathies in Infancy and Early Childhood." Epilepsy Research and Treatment 2013 (August 19, 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/743203.

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Epileptic encephalopathy syndromes are disorders in which the epileptiform abnormalities are thought to contribute to a progressive cerebral dysfunction. Characteristic electroencephalogram findings have an important diagnostic value in classification of epileptic encephalopathy syndromes. In this paper, we focus on electroencephalogram findings of childhood epileptic encephalopathy syndromes and provide sample illustrations.

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Espejo-Cala, Carmen, and Francisco Baena Sánchez. "Front-page illustrations and political powers in Early Modern Spanish journalism." Culture & History Digital Journal 10, no. 1 (2021): e012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2021.012.

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This paper explores the representation of political powers in the front-page illustrations of Early Modern Spanish newspapers. The knowledge about Early Modern European journalism has undergone a remarkable development in recent decades: however, research on the form of the first newspapers is scarce. The paper presents a corpus of 162 news pamphlets and gazettes published in Seville between 1618 and 1635. An analysis follows considering the presence of engravings on the cover page and their classification. This insight leads to the conclusion that the image did not play a decisive role to dra

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20

Jianfei Wang. "Deep Learning-Based Hand-Drawn Illustration in Packaging Design of Cultural and Creative Products." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 1, no. 1 (2024): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v1i1.1368.

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Packaging design is a critical component of product marketing and branding, encompassing the visual and structural elements that encase and present goods to consumers. The hand-drawn illustration is a timeless art form that embodies the unique style, skill, and creativity of the artist's hand. This paper presents a novel approach to deep learning techniques for enhancing packaging design through the classification of hand-drawn illustrations. The proposed model is stated as a Weighted Augmented Deep Generative Network (WADGN). The proposed WADGN model uses the augmentation network for the gene

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Chueca, Luis J., Maximino Forés, and Benjamín J. Gómez-Moliner. "Actualización taxonómica y nomenclatural de las especies de Xerocrassa (Gastropoda: Geomitridae) endémicas de las islas Baleares." Iberus 35(2) (July 26, 2017): 159–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4754481.

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A nomenclatural and taxonomic update of the species of the genus <em>Xerocrassa </em>Monterosato, 1892, endemic to the Balearic Islands, is conducted in the present work. Illustrations of representative shells of the recognized taxa are provided. The proposed classification is based on the new phylogenetic results and molecular species delimitation analyses obtained by the authors of this work and recently published (CHUECA <em>ET AL</em>., 2017). These results involve a new natural classification for several taxa studied, including the proposal of new taxonomic combinations.

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Ma, Chao, and Zhen Zhou Lu. "Iterative Algorithm for Structure Reliability Analysis Based on Support Vector Classification Method." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1009.

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For reliability analysis of structure with implicit limit state function, an iterative algorithm is presented on the basis of support vector classification machine. In the present method, the support vector classification machine is employed to construct surrogate of the implicit limit state function. By use of the proposed rational iteration and sampling procedure, the constructed support vector classification machine can converge to the actual limit state function at the important region, which contributes to the failure probability significantly. Then the precision of the reliability analys

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Bhat, Mudassir Ahmad, Sheikh Abdul Shakoor, and Amarjit Singh Soodan. "Taxonomic description and annotation of Poa albertii Regel (Poaceae: Pooideae, Poeae, Poinae) from North Western Himalayas, India." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 3 (2018): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.3.1.

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Poa albertii Regel, a native to Central Asia, has been described from North-Western Himalayan region and annotated to the latest system of grass classification. A detailed taxonomic description in the latest format, along with illustrations and Scanning Electron Micrograph of diagnostic features is provided to diagnose P. albertii Regel from allied species.

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VANDENBERG, NATALIA J., and DANIEL E. PEREZ-GELABERT. "Redescription of the Hispaniolan ladybird genus Bura Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and justification for its transfer from Coccidulinae to Sticholotidinae." Zootaxa 1586, no. 1 (2007): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1586.1.4.

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The Hispaniolan genus Bura Mulsant is removed from Coccidulinae and placed in Sticholotidinae. The characteristics which justify this transfer are discussed and an historical review of the classification of the Sticholotidinae is presented. Bura is diagnosed and redescribed, and its affinities to other Sticholotidini are discussed. Illustrations of key generic characters are provided.

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Zubova, Nataliia, Serhii Naumenko, and Viktor Somov. "TYPES OF WATERMARKS ON BANKNOTES AND METHODS OF THEIR IMITATION." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 67 (August 9, 2022): 448–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.45.

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The article deals with the consideration of ways to imitate watermarks in the manufacture of counterfeit banknotes. The watermark is an important public security element for banknotes issued for cash circulation. The basis of any banknote related to paper money is banknote paper. The article briefly describes the stages of the technological process of manufacturing banknote paper and methods for forming watermarks on it. The criteria for the classification of watermarks depending on their location on the banknote (general, local stripe), in relation to the overall tone of the paper (one-tone,

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Crabo, Lars G., and B. Christian Schmidt. "A revision of Admetovis Grote, with the description of a new species from western North America (Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Hadenini)." ZooKeys 788 (October 8, 2018): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.788.26480.

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The genus Admetovis Grote is revised. Admetovisicarussp. n. is described from the mountains of western North America. A lectotype of Admetovisoxymorus Grote is designated. Illustrations of the adults, male and female genitalia, and distribution maps are presented, together with an identification key. The classification of the genus is reviewed resulting in its reassignment to the tribe Hadenini from Orthosiini.

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Malipatil, MB. "The generic classification of the Australian Harpactorinae (Heteroptera : Reduviidae)." Invertebrate Systematics 4, no. 5 (1990): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9900935.

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Thirty genera of Harpactorinae (Reduviidae) are recognised from Australia. Three are described as new: Neoveledella, Neohavinthus and A ustrovelinus. The following synonymies are made: Penthikocleptes Miller, 1958a with Trachylestes Stil, 1868; Dorrigocoris Miller, 1957 and Leana Miller, 1958 with Gminatus Stll, 1859; Magneticocoris Miller, 1957 with Poecilosphodrus Reuter, 1887; Parischnolestes Miller, 1957 with Zschnolestes StiI, 1866. A generic key is given together with a description including illustrations of major characters and type species citations for each genus. All described specie

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Thambugala, Kasun Madhusanka, CHONTICHA SINGTRIPOP, YU CHUNFANG, et al. "Towards a natural classification of Dothideomycetes 7: The genera Allosoma, Austropleospora, Dangeardiella, Griggsia and Karschia (Dothideomycetes incertae sedis)." Phytotaxa 181, no. 1 (2014): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.1.2.

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This is the seventh of a series of papers in which we report on re-examination of herbarium types of Dothideomycetes genera, incertae sedis. By examining and re-describing the generic types which are not previously illustrated or are poorly described, we attempt to propose their familial and higher placement according to the morphology based on modern taxonomic concepts. In this paper the type specimens of Allosoma, Austropleospora, Dangeardiella, Griggsia and Karschia were re-examined and are illustrated. An overview of the history and descriptions and illustrations of these genera are provid

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Crabo, Lars G., and B. Christian Schmidt. "A revision of Admetovis Grote, with the description of a new species from western North America (Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Hadenini)." ZooKeys 788 (October 8, 2018): 167–81. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.788.26480.

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The genus Admetovis Grote is revised. Admetovis icarus sp. n. is described from the mountains of western North America. A lectotype of Admetovis oxymorus Grote is designated. Illustrations of the adults, male and female genitalia, and distribution maps are presented, together with an identification key. The classification of the genus is reviewed resulting in its reassignment to the tribe Hadenini from Orthosiini.

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Simon, Bryan K., and Surrey W. L. Jacobs. "Revision of the genus Sporobolus (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) in Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 12, no. 3 (1999): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97048.

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Twenty-six species of Sporobolus from Australia (including two closely related, weedy species that may occur in the future) are revised taxonomically in this paper. Two new species, S. latzii and S. sessilis, are recognised and described. The DELTA system has been used to generate descriptions of all taxa and a complete list of all characters used is given. Brief discussion is given on classification, ecology, economic value and weed potential, anatomy, rare or threatened status of species, distribution, seed proteins, RAPD analysis and diseases. A key is provided to all species and infra-spec

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SILVEIRA, LUIZ FELIPE LIMA DA, and JOSÉ RICARDO MIRAS MERMUDES. "A new tropical montane firefly genus and species, active during winter and endemic to the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)." Zootaxa 4221, no. 2 (2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4221.2.4.

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Here we describe Araucariocladus hiems gen. et sp. nov. (Lampyridae: Amydetinae), a firefly species endemic to high montane forests, and occurring during June, a relatively cool and dry month in the Southeastern Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. We tentatively place it in Psilocladina McDermott, and discuss the limitations of its classification. We also provide illustrations of key structural features of the new taxa and discuss its affinities.

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Jalota, Chietra, and Nidhi Kataria Chawla Chawla. "Academic Performance Prediction Using Imbalance Classification Methods: A Study." June-July 2023, no. 34 (May 27, 2023): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jaimlnn.34.38.45.

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An issue of classification may arise when learning classifiers use skewed or imbalanced datasets. In case of an imbalanced dataset, the majority of examples are with one class whereas the other class which is normally considered as the most important class, is however signified by a minor share of instances. By using this type of data, the outcome of machine-learning models would be ineffective. There is a term (High training reliability) used to define preconceptions in between one instance against all other illustrations of the class. In this paper, most important methods used to solve the c

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Strobl, Carolin, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Achim Zeileis, and Torsten Hothorn. "Bias in random forest variable importance measures: Illustrations, sources and a solution." BMC Bioinformatics 8, no. 1 (2007): 25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13509996.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Background: Variable importance measures for random forests have been receiving increased attention as a means of variable selection in many classification tasks in bioinformatics and related scientific fields, for instance to select a subset of genetic markers relevant for the prediction of a certain disease. We show that random forest variable importance measures are a sensible means for variable selection in many applications, but are not reliable in situations where potential predictor variables vary in their scale of measurement or their

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Strobl, Carolin, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Achim Zeileis, and Torsten Hothorn. "Bias in random forest variable importance measures: Illustrations, sources and a solution." BMC Bioinformatics 8, no. 1 (2007): 25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13509996.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Background: Variable importance measures for random forests have been receiving increased attention as a means of variable selection in many classification tasks in bioinformatics and related scientific fields, for instance to select a subset of genetic markers relevant for the prediction of a certain disease. We show that random forest variable importance measures are a sensible means for variable selection in many applications, but are not reliable in situations where potential predictor variables vary in their scale of measurement or their

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Strobl, Carolin, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Achim Zeileis, and Torsten Hothorn. "Bias in random forest variable importance measures: Illustrations, sources and a solution." BMC Bioinformatics 8, no. 1 (2007): 25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13509996.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Background: Variable importance measures for random forests have been receiving increased attention as a means of variable selection in many classification tasks in bioinformatics and related scientific fields, for instance to select a subset of genetic markers relevant for the prediction of a certain disease. We show that random forest variable importance measures are a sensible means for variable selection in many applications, but are not reliable in situations where potential predictor variables vary in their scale of measurement or their

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Strobl, Carolin, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Achim Zeileis, and Torsten Hothorn. "Bias in random forest variable importance measures: Illustrations, sources and a solution." BMC Bioinformatics 8, no. 1 (2007): 25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13509996.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Background: Variable importance measures for random forests have been receiving increased attention as a means of variable selection in many classification tasks in bioinformatics and related scientific fields, for instance to select a subset of genetic markers relevant for the prediction of a certain disease. We show that random forest variable importance measures are a sensible means for variable selection in many applications, but are not reliable in situations where potential predictor variables vary in their scale of measurement or their

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Feldmann, Rodney M., and Carrie E. Schweitzer. "The enigmatic Cyclida (Pancrustacea): morphological terminology and family-level classification." Journal of Crustacean Biology 39, no. 5 (2019): 617–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruz053.

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Abstract The Cyclida comprise six families embracing 55 species in 17 genera. Diagnoses for each family based upon examination of type and referred material as well as photographs of specimens previously known only from drawings has confirmed that four of the families, Cyclidae Packard, 1885; Americlidae Dzik, 2008; Halicynidae Gall & Grauvogel, 1967; and Schraminidae Dzik, 2008, form a unified group morphologically whereas Alsasuacaridae van Bakel, Jagt, Fraaije & Artal, 2011, and Hemitrochiscidae Trauth, 1918 are morphological outliers. Each of the families is documented by illustrat

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Groom, Quentin, Wendy Applequist, Samuli Lehtonen, Susanne Renner, and Kevin Thiele. "Exploring Options for Naming Taxa Based on DNA Sequences under the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 7 (August 15, 2023): e111125. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.7.111125.

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DNA sequence data has gained increasing importance in modern taxonomic research, and related subjects such as species identification, biogeography, evolution, and classification. Environmental DNA reveals numerous taxa that cannot be isolated or cultured using current techniques. Yet, the latest International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants requires physical specimens or illustrations as nomenclatural types for the formal naming of species and subspecific taxa (Turland et al. 2018). This limitation is impeding our ability to describe, study and communicate about a significant

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Pejovic, Caslav. "Civil Law and Common Law: Two Different Paths Leading to the Same Goal." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 32, no. 3 (2001): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v32i3.5873.

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"There are many ways to skin a cat".While there are many legal issues which are dealt with in the same way by the civil law and Common Law systems, there remain also significant differences between these two legal systems related to legal structure, classification, fundamental concepts and terminology. This paper does not deal with theoretical examination of differences between the common law and the civil law, but focuses rather on various distinctive features of civil law and common law, with several illustrations of resulting differences in both substantive law and procedural law. These dif

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Tlepova, M., A. Orynbassar, Sh Kadyrov, and N. Shynarbek. "COMPLETE CLASSIFICATION OF QUADRATIC IRRATIONALS WITH PERIOD TWO." Herald of the Kazakh-British technical university 21, no. 3 (2024): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2024-21-3-137-146.

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This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the classification of quadratic irrationals with period two in their continued fraction representations. Building upon foundational results in Number Theory, particularly in the context of continued fractions and Pell's equation, the study reveals intricate relationships between quadratic irrationals and their periodic structures. The main object of study is √N and properties of its continued fractions. While it is well-known that continued fractions of √N is periodic with periodic part being palindrome, the distribution of the lengths o

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Lewis, Sarah. "Have we reached the tipping point for strength-based approaches to organisational challenges?" Assessment and Development Matters 4, no. 1 (2012): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsadm.2012.4.1.10.

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The current interest in the idea of ‘strengths’ can be traced back to Peterson and Seligman’s strengths classification almost eight years ago (2004). Recently, noticing the increasing presence of suppliers who specialise in strengths-based approaches, the author began to wonder whether the idea of strengths-based development might be reaching a ‘tipping point’ in the organisational world. This article presents several illustrations of the changing attitude and approach in using strengths within organisations.

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Solonenko, Iryna. "The equipment for determining the impact of traffic environment on road pavement." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 2 (2019): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20190421134423.

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The article presents the classification of equipment developed by the author for the research of the operational characteristics of road pavement. The equipment was classified according to the following criteria: type of equipment; type of contact element; mode of interaction with the supporting surface; type of fixture of the suspension element; number of contact elements; sample type; type of load. For illustrations, the classification of the most common equipment was carried out. The research was conducted to compare and select the most rational equipment to study the effect of traffic envi

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Baltić, Vladimir, Kemal Eren, Ana Savić, and Soley Ersoy. "Constant Angle Ruled Surfaces with a Pointwise 1-Type Gauss Map." Mathematics 12, no. 12 (2024): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12121861.

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In this study, constant angle ruled surfaces with a pointwise 1-type Gauss map, which is very useful in the classification of surfaces, are investigated in terms of the Frenet elements of the base curves of the ruled surfaces in Euclidean 3-space. In order to form a basis for our work, firstly, basic concepts related to the Gauss map of an oriented surface are given. Later, a classification is satisfied by determining the necessary conditions to be the first kind, the second kind, and the harmonic of the pointwise 1-type of the Gauss map for these surfaces. Finally, some examples of these surf

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Wang, Lezhi, Qifan Yang, Quan Zhang, and Xingmin Wang. "A new species of the genus Afissa Dieke, 1947 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from China." Biodiversity Data Journal 13 (May 30, 2025): e156613. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.13.e156613.

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Recent morphological and molecular studies have clarified some aspects of the taxonomy of <i>Afissa</i> Dieke, 1947, but many species remain unexamined or misclassified. Additional taxonomic work is essential to resolve the classification and distribution of Afissa species in Asia, particularly in China.<i>Afissa xuexii</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is described from Yunan and Guizhou Province, China. This new species is characteried by its typical bifurcated penis guide. Diagnosis, description and illustrations are provided.

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Badmus, Nofiu Idowu, and Rotimi -. "Formulating of Linear Model from One-Way Classification Model." Journal of Statistical Modelling and Analytics 6, no. 2 (2024): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22452/josma.vol6no2.1.

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This study introduces a novel approach to formulating a linear regression model using a matrix method for Completely Randomized Design (CRD), a type of One-Way classification. In this approach, treatment is the sole classification, and the formulation utilizes response variables organized into rows and columns. The method yields the number of trials (n), slope, predictor, and regression parameters within the system. To ensure the normality of the response variable and select the appropriate error term distribution, we conducted normality tests (Shapiro-Wilk, Anderson-Darling, Cramér-von Mises,

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O'Neill, N. T. "Comment on "Classification of aerosol properties derived from AERONET direct sun data" by G. P. Gobbi et al. (2007)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (2009): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-175-2009.

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Abstract. It is pointed out that the graphical, aerosol classification method of Gobbi et al. (2007) can be interpreted as a manifestation of fundamental analytical relations whose existance depends on the simple assumption that the optical effects of aerosols are essentially bimodal in nature. The families of contour lines in their "Ada" curvature space are essentially empirical and discretized illustrations of analytical parabolic forms in (α, α') space (the space formed by the continuously differentiable Angstrom exponent and its spectral derivative).

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O'Neill, N. T. "Comment on "Classification of aerosol properties derived from AERONET direct sun data" by Gobbi et al. (2007)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 20 (2010): 10017–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10017-2010.

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Abstract. It is pointed out that the graphical, aerosol classification method of Gobbi et al. (2007) can be interpreted as a manifestation of fundamental analytical relations whose existance depends on the simple assumption that the optical effects of aerosols are essentially bimodal in nature. The families of contour lines in their "Ada" curvature space are essentially empirical and discretized illustrations of analytical parabolic forms in (α, α') space (the space formed by the continuously differentiable Angstrom exponent and its spectral derivative).

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Wanke, Dominic, Axel Hausmann, David C. Lees, et al. "The African endemic species “ Nychiodes” tyttha Prout, 1915 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) belongs to the genus Aphilopota Warren, 1899." Nota Lepidopterologica 46 (January 12, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.46.94940.

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An extensive examination of the external and internal morphological characters of the genus Nychiodes shows that “Nychiodes” tyttha Prout, 1915 is incorrectly placed in this genus. The systematic position of this species was investigated by using a multigene analysis, including one mitochondrial and up to nine protein-coding nuclear gene regions, and morphological characters. These results support a re-classification of this species as Aphilopota tyttha, comb. nov. A re-description supported by illustrations of morphological characters for A. tyttha is provided.

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Wanke, Dominic, Axel Hausmann, David C. Lees, et al. "The African endemic species " Nychiodes" tyttha Prout, 1915 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) belongs to the genus Aphilopota Warren, 1899." Nota Lepidopterologica 46, no. () (2023): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.46.94940.

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An extensive examination of the external and internal morphological characters of the genus Nychiodes shows that "Nychiodes" tyttha Prout, 1915 is incorrectly placed in this genus. The systematic position of this species was investigated by using a multigene analysis, including one mitochondrial and up to nine protein-coding nuclear gene regions, and morphological characters. These results support a re-classification of this species as Aphilopota tyttha, comb. nov. A re-description supported by illustrations of morphological characters for A. tyttha is provided.

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Kappel, Isabelle, Marie-Christin Riedel, Fiona Becker, Shay Hicks, Nicole Warlich-Zach, and Udo Ganslosser. "Ethogram of the Domestic Cat." Pets 1, no. 3 (2024): 284–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pets1030021.

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The existing domestic cat literature predominantly contains lists detailing its behaviour. However, these lists are neither specific enough for domestic cats nor general enough for all behaviours on a macro level of the domestic cat. Furthermore, the majority of studies lack illustrations. Therefore, we have developed a comprehensive ethogram of the domestic cat and scalable schematic representations of the behaviour units. We evaluated observational data from free-roaming cats and cats from private households using ad libitum and focal animal sampling (video material 55.31 h, n = 170 animals)

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