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Journal articles on the topic 'Illyrism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Mihajlović, Vladimir V. "Preko Ilirije do Evrope." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 8, no. 3 (September 17, 2013): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v8i3.9.

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Archaeology in Serbia was shaped as a discipline by the end of the 19th century. Its founders, mainly educated at the universities in the German-speaking lands, in the spirit of Altertumswissenschaft, have brought with them the corresponding attitude towards the Classical antiquity. In the process of transfer of the concepts a certain blurring occurred, but not absolute abandonment of the previous narratives about the ancient past, for example the one developed in the framework of Proto-Illyrism. From its inception in the humanistic histories of the 16th century, the Proto- Illyrian idea was the framework of political action, the pivotal point of identity construction, but as well the grounds for territorial aspirations. In these tendencies a major role was played by the Classical past. Through the usage of Classical ethnonyms and toponymes, political concepts and historical narratives, the advocates of Proto-Illyrism took part in the positioning of the Balkans in the temporal and spatial domain of the modern Europe. The paper points to the role of the Proto-Illyrian idea in the affirmation and/or legitimizing of various interests (individual, group), as well as in constructing various identities in the Western Balkans.

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2

Tuksar, Stanislav. "The Invention of Musical Illyrism." De musica disserenda 12, no. 1 (June 2016): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/dmd12.1.04.

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3

DŽINO, DANIJEL. "APPIAN’S ILLYRIKE: THE FINAL STAGE OF THE ROMAN CONSTRUCTION OF ILLYRICUM." ИСТРАЖИВАЊА, no. 27 (December 19, 2016): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2016.27.69-83.

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Appian’s Illyrian book (Illyrike) was originally intended to be just an appendix to his Macedonian book and today remains the only extant ancient work dealing with the early history of Illyricum which is preserved in its entirety. In this short work Appian puts together different local and regional histories in order to create a unified historical narrative and determines the historical and mythological coordinates of Illyricum inside the ancient world. This paper will discuss Illyrike in the context of the Roman construction of Illyricum as a provincial space, similar to some other regions in continental Europe such as, for example, Gaul or Britain. They were all firstly created through the needs of Roman political geography and later written into literary knowledge through the works of ancient history and ethnography. This paper will argue that Appian’s Illyrike represented the final stage of the Roman construction of Illyricum from an imaginary to a provincial space, which was the point of its full coming of age as an integral part of the ancient world and the Roman Empire.

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4

Horvat, Marijana, and Martina Kramarić. "Retro-Digitization of Croatian Pre-Standard Grammars." ATHENS JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY 8, no. 4 (September 9, 2021): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajp.8-4-4.

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In this article, we will present the rich linguistic heritage of the Croatian language and our attempts to ensure its preservation and presentation to the general public by means of the "Retro-digitization and Interpretation of Croatian Grammar Books before Illyrism ‒ RETROGRAM" project. There is a long tradition of grammatical description in the history of the Croatian language. The first grammar book of the Croatian language was written at the beginning of the 17th century and the first grammar book written in Croatian was compiled in the middle of the 17th century. In later years, when literary and linguistic activity were transferred from the Dalmatian area to the northern and eastern part of Croatia, the Latin model for the description of the Croatian language was still present, even though German was also used. There were a large number of grammars written up to the second half of the 19th century, which are considered pre-standard Croatian grammars. They are the subject of research within the project "Pre-standard Croatian Grammars" at the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics. This research proposal "Retro-digitization and Interpretation of Croatian Grammar Books before Illyrism" aims to create a model for the retro-digitization of the chosen eight Pre-standard Croatian Grammars (written from the 17th until the 19th century). The retro-digitization of Croatian grammar books implies the transfer of printed media to computer-readable and searchable text. It also includes a multilevel mark-up of transcribed or translated grammar text. The next step of the project is the creation of a Web Portal of Pre-standard Croatian Grammars, on which both the facsimiles and the digitized text of the grammars will be presented. Our aim is to present to the wider and international public the attainments of the Croatian language and linguistics as an important part of Croatian culture in general. Keywords: pre-standard Croatian grammars, history of the Croatian language, retro-digitization, Extensible mark-up language, Text encoding initiative, web portal of pre-standard Croatian grammars

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5

FERJANČIĆ, SNEŽANA. "THE ALA PANNONIORUM IN THE ARMY OF ILLYRICUM." ИСТРАЖИВАЊА, no. 26 (January 6, 2016): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2015.26.37-45.

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The province of Illyricum, established shortly after Octavian’s Illyrian war and divided into Illyricum Superius (Dalmatia) and Illyricum Inferius (Pannonia) during or after the Pannonian-Dalmatian Rebellion, was garrisoned by several legions and various auxiliary regiments. The list of auxilia includes an ala Pannoniorum. Epigraphic evidence from Dalmatia and Pannonia provides some information on its relocation, as well as on its recruitment. Under Augustus, the regiment was in Dalmatia. It was relocated to Pannonia ca. 15 AD. At the beginning of Vespasian’s reign, the ala Pannoniorum was transferred to Moesia Inferior. Its return to the Pannonian section of the Danubian limes is dated after the Marcommanic War of Marcus Aurelius. Belonging to the army of Pannonia Inferior, the unit was probably stationed in the fortress of Cusum. Epigraphic evidence allows us to glimpse certain patterns of its recruitment during the first sojourn in Illyricum. It appears that it was conscripted among the bellicose tribes of the Iberian Peninsula and the indigenous population of the southern Pannonia.

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6

Kranjc, Janez. "The Illyrian Provinces and the Reform of Territorial Administration." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2015): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/13.1.59-78(2015).

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The Illyrian Provinces were a rather short lived creation of Napoleon. The reasons for their foundation were strategic and economic. In order to bring the new territories closer to the French empire the administration of the Illyrian Provinces launched several reforms including a redesign of their territorial administration. Napoleon’s decree on the organization of Illyria established a new territorial division into provinces, districts, cantons, and municipalities (communes). Municipalities were basic territorial units. They were not units of local self-government but part of the centralized state structure. Therefore the mayors, their deputies, substitutes and members of municipal councils were not elected but nominated.

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7

Gavoille, Élisabeth. "MÉMOIRE ROMAINE DES BALKANS : LES IMAGES DE L’ILLYRIE ET DE LA DALMATIE À TRAVERS LA LITTÉRATURE LATINE." La mémoire et ses enjeux. Balkans – France: regards croisés, X/ 2019 (December 30, 2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.29.2019.1.

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ROMAN MEMORY OF THE BALKAN: IMAGES OF ILLYRIA AND DALMATIA IN LATIN LITERATURE This contribution focuses on recurrent images and motives by which Latin writers (historians but above all encyclopedist and technographic authors, and poets) characterize the Western Balkan space. The names of Illyria and Dalmatia are associated with the representation of warlike peoples (Ardians, Pirustae…), piracy in the Adriatic, the figures of queen Teuta and of the last king Genthios, the vision of snowy mountains, the mention of famous resources such as precious metals or pitch (asphalt), the stereotypical sturdy worker. All these evocations and formulas conveyed by Latin literature have marked Roman mentalities and work as references in the memory of the Balkan that they have helped to build. Keywords: Ancient Illyria and Dalmatia, Latin literature, Illyrian piracy, king Genthios, queen Teuta.

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8

Njegovan, Drago. "The role of Yugoslav ideology in suppressing the Serbian Cyrillic script." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 116-117 (2004): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0417147n.

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The paper deals with the issue of Yugoslav ideology and its role in suppressing the Serbian Cyrillic script. There were two different approaches in the concept of Yugoslavism as developed on the grounds of Illyrism (Lj. Gaj) in the midnineteenth century: the Croatian and the Serbian ones. The Croatian Yugoslavism (J.J. Strossmayer) was of a pro-Catholic and anti-Serbian character language and writing, it was manifested through annulling of Serbian language in the domain of "Croatian state legislation" and supression, prohibition and persecution of Serbian Cyrillic script. On the other hand, Serbian approach to Yugoslavism (T. Pavlovic, J. Subotic etc) was a tolerant one: the lingual diversity of the south Slavic peoples opposing the need for their co-operation. By the beginning of the 20th century the Croatian variant of Yugoslavism (with its three-tribal nation concept) prevailed over the Serbian one and became the grounding ideology for the new, common state. Its lingual union basing on the domination of the eastern ? ekavian ? pronunciation variant (from the Serbian language) and Latin letters (from the Croatian) was disadvantageous to both spoken and written Serbian language: the Serbs have accepted Latin writing and the Croats have never accepted the so-called eastern pronunciation. The consequences have not for diminished the Serbian Cyrillic script with the decline of the Yugoslav ideology (which was first abandoned by the Croats) nor with the falling apart of the Yugoslav state.

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9

Mlinarić, Dubravka, Josip Faričić, and Lena Mirošević. "Historijsko-geografski kontekst nastanka Lučićeve karte Illyricum hodiernum." Geoadria 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.247.

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This paper deals with the first integral map of Croatian historical regions, which was made in the second half of the 17th century. The manuscript version of the map was drawn for the purposes of the Papal Illyrian (Croatian) Congregation of St. Jerome in Rome by Pietro Andrea Buffalini in 1663. The map was later printed, with appropriate changes, under the title Illyricum hodiernum in Ivan Lučić's historiographic work De Regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, and in Willem Blaeu's Atlas Maior sive Geographia Blaviana in 1668. Judging from the contents of these versions of the map, and the political circumstances in which they emerged, the Croatian polyhistor and cartographer Ivan Lučić contributed the most to the formation of their contents. As an outstanding expert on the history and geography of Croatia, Lučić translated his own cartographic imaginarium into a cartographic synthesis in the form of an overview map that emerged based both on a compilation of the contents of older maps, and on his personal research. In this map his primary intent was to show, in the spirit of Illyrianism linked to the Catholic Reformation, the area which during that period constituted Illyria, or rather Croatia, and also to make use of the potential that maps, as codified depictions of geographic reality, have when it is necessary to present spatial relations in the context of a historical-geographic review of the development of Croatia.

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10

Daniel, Marta. "Finds of Illyrian coin hoards from the territories of Greek Illyria. An attempt at reconstructing the circulation of coinage based on the range of particular emissions." Światowit 57 (December 17, 2019): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6811.

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The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the circulation of coinage through an analysis of finds of hoards of ‘Illyrian coins’ from the territory of Greek Illyria in the period from the 4th to the 1st century BC. To this end, hoards from modern-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and Serbia, that is the maximum territorial extent of the so-called ‘Illyrian state’, were compiled in a catalogue. This catalogue of hoards of Illyrian coins served as a basis for producing dedicated maps which present data in a cumulative form, as well as sorted by date and place of issue. Distribution of finds in relation to terrain and settlement patterns was studied in order to locate concentrations of coins of given centres in different periods. Additionally, important observations concerned places in which coin hoards are absent or very scarce. The catalogue was also useful for tracing patterns in the composition of the hoards – those consisting of coins most commonly minted together and those dominated by coins of differing provenance.

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11

Conti, Fabio, Liliana Bernardo, Tiziana Cusma Velari, Vera Kosovel, and Laura Feoli Chiapella. "Morphometric and karyological study of Genista sericea (Cytiseae-Fabaceae)." Phytotaxa 181, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.2.1.

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A morphometric and karyological study of several populations of Genista sericea, a northern Illyrian amphiadriatic species, with a disjunct distributional area centered on Pollino Massif (southern Italy), has been undertaken, based on herbarium specimens and field research. Morphometric analysis allowed to individuate three distinct groups of populations which are here attributed to three taxa at subspecific level. One of them is here newly described: G. sericea subsp. pollinensis, endemic to northern Calabria in Pollino and neighbouring areas of Basilicata. The taxonomic status of G. sericea var. rigida was re-evaluated and a name of a new rank is proposed: G. sericea subsp. rigida (occurring in southern Illyria), while subsp. sericea is a southeastern Alpine northern Illyrian taxon. The names G. sericea and G. sericea var. rigida are lectotypified. Karyologically, all the taxa are characterized by the same somatic number 2n = 48, sometimes with B chromosomes (up to four).

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12

Zupančič, Mitja. "Syntaxonomic problem of Illyrian (Dinaric) fir-beech forests (Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum (illyricum) s. lat.) / Sintaksonomski problem ilirskih (dinarskih) jelovo-bukovih gozdov (Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum (illyricum) s. lat.)." Folia biologica et geologica 61, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/fbg0077.

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For the analysis of the syntaxonomic problem of Illyrian fir-beech forests (Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum (illyricum) s. lat.), we selected the most important authors or researchers of these forests in the Dinaric mountains of the Central Balkan Peninsula and Slovenia. These authors are Blečić, Fukarek, Glavač, I. Horvat, Pelcer, Puncer, Stefanović and Tregubov. The analysis revealed floristic and ecological similarities and differences of Illyrian fir-beech forests. They can be classified into a single association Rhamno fallaci-Fagetum. Key words: Abieti-Fagetum s. lat. = Rhamno fallaci-Fagetum nom. nov., phytocoenology, Dinaric mountains, Balkan peninsular, Slovenia. Izvleček Za analizo sintaksonomskega problema ilirskih jelovo-bukovih gozdov (Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum (Ilyricum) s. lat.) smo izbrali najpomembnejše avtorje oz. raziskovalce teh gozdov v dinarskem gorstvu osrednjega Balkanskega polotoka in Slovenije. Ti avtorji so Blečić, Fukarek, Glavač, I. Horvat, Pelcer, Puncer, Stefanović in Tregubov. Analiza je pokazala floristične in ekološke podobnosti in različnosti ilirskih jelovo-bukovih gozdov. Mogoče jih je uvrstiti v enotno združbo Rhamno fallaci-Fagetum. Ključne besede: Abieti-Fagetum s. lat. = Rhamno fallaci-Fagetum nom. nov., fitocenologija, Dinaridi, Balkanski polotok, Slovenija

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13

Topal, Meryem, Hulya Gocer, Fevzi Topal, Pınar Kalin, Leyla Polat Köse, İlhami Gülçin, Kader C. Çakmak, et al. "Antioxidant, antiradical, and anticholinergic properties of cynarin purified from the Illyrian thistle (Onopordum illyricum L.)." Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 31, no. 2 (March 20, 2015): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14756366.2015.1018244.

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14

Tomezzoli, Giancarlo T., and Rainhardt S. Stein. "Illyrian Personal Anthroponyms." Archaeological Discovery 09, no. 01 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ad.2021.91001.

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15

Bradley, Michael D., and Stephen C. Smith. "On Illyrian Macroeconomics." Economica 55, no. 218 (May 1988): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2554471.

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16

Gardette, Raymond. "Purcell in Illyria." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 50, no. 1 (October 1996): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/018476789605000113.

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17

Vasic, Rastko. "Reflecting on Illyrian helmets." Starinar, no. 60 (2010): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1060037v.

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The so-called Illyrian helmets, with a rectangular opening for the face, are a frequent topic in archaeological literature for several reasons. They are distributed over a large territory - on the Balkan Peninsula and beyond, so many archaeologists from various countries were involved in their study. Then there is the great diversity of forms, where each type or subtype represents a theme in itself posing various questions, and finally new Illyrian helmets appear all the time, even in regions far from their main concentration areas, or with unfamiliar details, demanding new analyses and explanations. The author discusses their division into types and subtypes, chronology, variants, and comes to the conclusion that a proper study of this theme will be possible only when various aspects of their appearance, including ancient written sources as well as the material culture of this period in particular regions, are taken into consideration because of their complex and versatile role in ancient Balkan history.

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18

TAKANO, HITOSHI, GYULA M. LÁSZLÓ, and STEVE C. COLLINS. "Notes on some Tanzanian butterfly specimens in the Suffert Collection: a case of patria falsa." Zootaxa 4964, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 585–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4964.3.9.

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A number of mislabelled butterfly specimens in the Suffert collection purporting to be from Lindi in southeast Tanzania belong to taxa restricted to the Usambara Mountains in northeast Tanzania thus suggesting patria falsa. The history of Suffert’s collection and the possible reasons behind this mislabelling event are discussed in more detail. One of the mislabelled specimens, the holotype of Papilio illyris hamatus Joicey & Talbot, 1918 described from Tanzania, is the senior name for Graphium illyris girardeaui Guilbot & Plantrou, 1978, the latter name formally synonymised herein with the former. A brief biography of the little-known Ernst Suffert is presented.

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19

Di Giacomo, Persida Lazarević. "C. F. Temler i njegova beležnica (NKS 175 – 4°)." Croatica et Slavica Iadertina 11, no. 11 (February 7, 2017): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/csi.793.

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Svrha rada: da se pruži uvid u život i delo danskog funkcionera i kolekcionara knjiga Christiana Friedricha Temlera (1717–1780) i da se analizira jedan od njegova dva rukopisa koji se odnosi na slovenske narode i jezike. Reč je o beležnici koja se pod imenom "Collectanea om adskillige slaviske Sprog, især det illyriske" čuva u Kraljevskoj biblioteci u Kopenhagenu, signatura: Ny kongelig Samling 175 – 4°. Metodologija: 1) navešće se i analiziraće se biobibliografski podaci koji su sakupljeni iz raznih izvora i koji doprinose upotpunjavanju slike o Temlerovoj filološkoj i filoslovenskoj delatnosti; 2) razmotriće se razlozi Temlerovog interesovanja za slovenske narode i jezike, kao i poreklo njegovog poznavanja "ilirskog" jezika; 3) biće delimično uzet u obzir jedan drugi Temlerov rukopis, tzv. ilirski rečnik, "Dictionarium illyricum/slavonicum" koji se takođe nalazi u Kraljevskoj biblioteci u Kopenhagenu (GKS 2071 – 4°); 4) biće analiziran Temlerov rukopis "Collectanea" (NKS 175 – 4°) u svojim raznim segmentima, kako po pogledu materijala, tako i po sadržini. Rezultati i zaključak: 1) analizom sakupljenog materijala upotpuniće se slika o Temlerovoj filološkoj delatnosti, čime će biti ispravljeni nepravilni podaci, a drugi upotpunjeni; 2) analizom rukopisa NKS 175 – 4° dobija se slika o Temlerovim beleškama koje vode ka novim pretpostavkama o mogućoj Temlerovoj nameri da napiše delo o poreklu Slovena i slovenskih jezika; 3) isto tako rukopis o kome je reč pruža uvid u Temlerove izvore koji vode ka definisanju porekla Temlerovog znanja "ilirskog" jezika.

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20

Hammond, N. G. L. "The Illyrian Atintani, the Epirotic Atintanes and the Roman Protectorate." Journal of Roman Studies 79 (November 1989): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/301177.

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The distinction which is drawn in this article between Appian's Ίλλυριῶν τοὺς Άτιντανούς (Illyr. 7) and Strabo's Ήπειρῶται δ’ εἰσι… ‘Ατιντᾶνες (326) is of both regional and general importance.If the Atintani were an Illyrian tribe, they lived north of the Via Egnatia; for they were not one of the Illyrian tribes south of that line which were listed by Strabo (326). If the Atintanes were an Epirotic tribe, they lived inland of the Epirote coast which was defined as extending from the Ceraunian Mountains to the mouth of the Ambraciote Gulf by Strabo (324). The two tribes, then, were very far apart. However, if the two tribes were one and the same, as many scholars have supposed, and if the Illyrian label and the habitat in Epirus are applied to the single (fused) tribe, then one at least of the Epirote tribes was Illyrian. This second alternative appeals particularly strongly to writers in Albania, who regard themselves as descendants of the Illyrians and like to argue that the present border of southern Albania, which runs through the centre of ancient Epirus, was in part at least the border of the ancient Illyrians. Thus the regional issue involves the pattern of Illyrian settlement, the extent to which there was an Illyrian element in the Epirotic tribes, and the Albanian claim that their ancestors lived in North Epirus.

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21

Milin, Milena. "Pitanje ilirske komponente stanovnistva jugoistocnog dela Donje Panonije u savremenim istrazivanjima." Balcanica, no. 32-33 (2002): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0233049m.

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Following the Symposium on distribution of the Illyrians (4th to 2nd centuries B.C., Sarajevo, 1964), the view that the northern border of the Illyrians ran along the line even much southerner than the Sava (nn.2-8) has been firmly established in our archeology; this attitude has been extended to the Illyrian tribes in Roman times (n.7). At the same time, historians of the pre-Roman and Roman periods in the Balkans still hold the view of predominantly Illyrian origins of the tribes from Lower Pannonia, between the Danube and the lower course of the Sava river (n.9), based on contemporary historiographic epigraphic and linguistic evidence. Therefore, the author dwelled on the issue whether the Illyrian name, and in which meaning, may be applied to the inhabitants of Lower Pannonia in the Roman times as well. According to ancient literary sources (Strabo and Apian) it follows that the Pannonian tribes in the ancient times were deemed to be Illyrian (pp. 2-3). Furthermore in mythology, the Pannonios was the descendant of Illyrians (App. Illyr. 2; cf. Papazoglu 1969, 265 n. 233), which points to the common awareness of being part of Lower Pannonia and other Illyrian tribes. Important evidence for this issue is deemed to be anthroponyms as well; Pannonian names in the research to date have shown to be different from Illyrian (p. 7 with note). The author gives the examples of names Dassius and Liccaius, epigraphically confirmed with Breuck and Amantino (6, note 30, and p. 7 with note), which she considers to have originated from Illyrian territory proper; that is proved by a wax tablet from Dacia, where the words Dassius Verzonis, Pirusta ex Kavieretio and Liccaius Epicadi were written (tab. cer. VI; cf. p. 8). As is well known, parts of the Illyrian population from southern Dalmatia were relocated to work in Dacia mines; that this is the case here as well is proved by referring to an Illyrian ethnic, Pirust, as well as the name of the village. On account of the closeness in spiritual and cultural spheres, the awareness of the common mythical forefather, similarities or sameness in anthroponyms, there is no justification, at least regarding the Roman times, for distinguishing the inhabitants of Pannonia from (other) Illyrians, even if the issue of their ethnical connection or identicalness is not considered.

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22

Csáky, Moritz. "»Lebenskräfte in dem brodelnden Völkerchaos«. Zentraleuropa und Miroslav Krležas »Illyricum sacrum«." Zagreber germanistische Beiträge 24 (2015): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/zgb.24.4.

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23

Dušanić, Slobodan. "The miners' cults in Illyricum." Pallas 50, no. 1 (1999): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/palla.1999.1543.

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24

Bonin, John P., and Wataru Fyjkuda. "The multifactor Illyrian firm revisited." Journal of Comparative Economics 10, no. 2 (June 1986): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(86)90127-7.

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25

Kahana, Nava. "The multifactor Illyrian firm revisited." Journal of Comparative Economics 11, no. 4 (December 1987): 611–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(87)90082-5.

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26

Palavestra, Aleksandar. "The Invention of Tradition: Illyrian Heraldry." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 5, no. 3 (May 14, 2010): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v5i3.9.

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The "Illyrian heraldry", as a phenomenon of the invented tradition, encompasses the rolls of arms - armorials, which appear in Dalmatia, Italy, Spain and Austria at the end of the XVI and beginning of the XVII century. These armorials contained Serbian and other southern Slav monarchic, territorial and family coats of arms. The authenticity, heraldic sources and origins of these armorials are extremely complex problems that can be traced back to the medieval heraldic heritage of the Serbs, on the one hand, and reveal the intricate web of political circumstances in the XVI and XVII centuries. Illyrian heraldry is also closely linked to the personal and political ambitions of the Spanish admiral, Don Pedro Ohmučević Grgurić, from Slano near Dubrovnik. One cannot, however, link the entire Illyrian heraldry movement only to the daring ambitions of Petar Ohmučević Grgurić In in the XVI and XVII centuries historical constructions, inspired for the most part by sincere Slav patriotism, emerged that proved the unity of the Illyrians and the Slavs, revealed the alleged Slav origins of famous figures (Alexander the Great, Justinian), or simply extolled the splendor and magnitude of a lost Slav kingdom, that could be restored again. Much as it was developing within the spiritual scope of the Catholic church, this "Slovine" movement found its historical basis in the medieval statehood of Serbia and Bosnia, particularly in the powerful empire of Stephan Dushan (1331-55), in the Serbian potentates, heroes, their glitter and opulence, which used to glorify the Slav world. Since the XVII century till today, despite their doubtful authenticity, the Illyrian armorials have been considered important genealogical and heraldic documents. Many families relied on the information in Illyrian heraldic collections when claiming their true, or, more often purported, ancient hereditary rights, titles and lands. The Illyrian armorials were transcribed and reprinted in books that were important for the national identity of the southern Slav peoples, such as Orbini's Kingdom of the Slavs (1601), Stemmatographia or the Drawing, Description and Renewal of Illyrian Coats of Arms by Pavao Riter Vitezović, published in Vienna in 1701, and Stemmatographia by Hristifor Žefarović, published in 1741. After the liberation of Serbia and Montenegro from the Turks, heraldry was granted official sanction, and the coats of arms are based on the tradition preserved in Illyrian heraldry.

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Maggie Hommel. "Illyria (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 63, no. 10 (2010): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.0.1835.

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28

Brewer, Anthony. "Technical change in Illyria." Journal of Comparative Economics 12, no. 3 (September 1988): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(88)90080-7.

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29

Irmscher, Johannes. "Illyrien und Illyrier in der in Vorbereitung befindlichen «Einleitung in die klassischen Altertumswissenschaften» / Iliria dhe Ilirët në «Hyrje në Shkencat e Antikitetit» që gjendet akoma në përgatitje." Iliria 16, no. 1 (1986): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/iliri.1986.1397.

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30

Sajkowski, Wojciech. "French image of the inhabitants of the Illyrian Provinces and the emergence of South Slavic nationalisms." Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia 27 (December 13, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bp.2020.27.5.

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The Illyrian Provinces, a part of the 1st French Empire which existed in the years 1809-1813, are often portrayed as a political entity which anticipated various projects of the political emancipation of the South Slavs. However, the link between later pan-South-Slavic movements and the Napoleonic political activity is a matter which still remains unclear and deserves some in-depth analysis. Most often the Napoleonic impact on the evolution of the nascent South-Slavic nationalisms is viewed in the perspective of the posterior political attitudes of the Croat, Slovene or Serbian elites towards the French, and their own interpretations of the Napoleonic impact on the pan-South-Slavic movement. The proposed paper will concentrate on the opposite approach and will investigate how French perceived the South Slavs in the perspective of the nascent nationalisms, especially that French propaganda presented Napoleon as the savior of the European nations including the „Illyrian” one. But how French defined this „Illyrian” nation? This question can be answered thanks to the French strive for description of the societies inhabiting Illyrian Provinces.

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Sajkowski, Wojciech. "French image of the inhabitants of the Illyrian Provinces and the emergence of South Slavic nationalisms." Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia 27 (December 13, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bp.2020.27.5.

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The Illyrian Provinces, a part of the 1st French Empire which existed in the years 1809-1813, are often portrayed as a political entity which anticipated various projects of the political emancipation of the South Slavs. However, the link between later pan-South-Slavic movements and the Napoleonic political activity is a matter which still remains unclear and deserves some in-depth analysis. Most often the Napoleonic impact on the evolution of the nascent South-Slavic nationalisms is viewed in the perspective of the posterior political attitudes of the Croat, Slovene or Serbian elites towards the French, and their own interpretations of the Napoleonic impact on the pan-South-Slavic movement. The proposed paper will concentrate on the opposite approach and will investigate how French perceived the South Slavs in the perspective of the nascent nationalisms, especially that French propaganda presented Napoleon as the savior of the European nations including the „Illyrian” one. But how French defined this „Illyrian” nation? This question can be answered thanks to the French strive for description of the societies inhabiting Illyrian Provinces.

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32

Wallace, Jennifer. "A (Hi)story of Illyria." Greece and Rome 45, no. 2 (October 1998): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500033714.

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Throughout history, little has been known about the land of Illyria. ‘As ”savages” or “barbarians” on the northern periphery of the classical world’, the historian John Wilkes writes, ‘even today the Illyrians barely make footnotes in most versions of ancient history, and more often than not they are simply ignored.’ Shut in by mountains, north of the betterknown Greece and covering roughly the area of modern-day Albania, Macedonia, and Bosnia, Illyria has remained a closed world to outsiders, dismissed as barbarian in ancient times and remembered in more recent centuries only as an unexplored outpost of the Ottoman or Hapsburg Empires. As a result, Illyria has become a place of mystery, the site of myth and legend as much as of historical civilization-building or battles, a by-word for the realm of the imagination. Oscar Wilde summed up the popular association of Illyria with fiction when, in a review of an amateur production of Twelfth Night, he wrote with characteristic succinctness: ‘Where there is no illusion there is no Illyria.’

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33

Barišić, Anto. "Ilirska kapucinska provincija i put prema izboru Tomislava Šagija za provincijala 1955. godine." Diacovensia 26, no. 1 (2018): 33.—54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31823/d.26.1.2.

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The paper explores and presents the Illyrian Capuchin Province together with the election of Tomislav Šagi as the Provincial, as well as what had preceded that election. To this end, the paper brings a brief overview of the historical socio-political and ecclesiastical-religious framework within which the Province operated and within which the election of Tomislav Šagi, the Capuchin Franciscan, for the Provincal of the Illyrian Capuchin Province, took place in July 1955. After a brief familiarization with the external, non-ecclesiastical circumstances of the society at the time and with the preventive arrest of Tomislav Šagi by the civil authorities, there is a general overview and familiarization with the Illyrian Capuchin Province from a historical, statistical, and administrative point of view. This is followed by a brief description of the positions Fr. Tomislav Šagi held before the provincial elections, from 1949 to 1955. In the end, we explore the preparations for the Provincial Chapter and its session, and we present the results of the Provincial Chapter held on July 19, 1955, in the OFM Capuchin monastery in Varaždin, where Tomislav Šagi was elected as the Provincial of Illyrian Capuchin Province. The motive for researching the given and previously unexplored topic is the 50th anniversary of the abolition (1967 – 2017) of the former binational and bilingual Capuchin province called Illyrian, composed of Croatian and Slovenian friars, while the author used exclusively previously unresearched archival original documents.

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34

Ilic, Olivera. "Early Christian baptistries in Northern Illyricum." Starinar, no. 56 (2006): 223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta0656223i.

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This paper discusses early Christian baptistries in the territory of northern Illyricum, which are dated to the period from the 4th to the beginning of the 7th century. The analysis of architectural shapes, positions and decorative elements makes it possible to define the basic types of baptistries, and their chronological attribution. The results of the analysis provides insight into the local specifics of the rite of baptism itself. Likewise, an attempt has been made to reconstruct the liturgical procedures that accompanied it.

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35

Forenbaher, Stašo, and Timothy Kaiser. "Nakovana Cave: an Illyrian ritual site." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (December 2001): 677–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089122.

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36

Rudic, Srdjan. "The ideology of the Illyrian armorial." Balcanica, no. 47 (2016): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1647135r.

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The appearance of the Illyrian Armorial in the late sixteenth century has been linked to Petar Iveljin (son of Ivelja) Ohmucevic-Grguric, a native of Dubrovnik (Ragusa) in the service of the Spanish king. The main purpose of the Armorial was to demonstrate his noble descent. It was therefore designed in such a way as to make it clear to everyone who should see it that the Ohumucevic-Grgurics were an old and reputable noble family. In order for the Armorial to achieve the intended purpose efficiently, some ideas and be?liefs were slipped in which were current in the milieu in which it was created. The Illyrian Armorial cannot therefore be properly understood without taking into account the time and setting of its creation as it reflects various political, cultural and religious influences of its time.

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Puljcan Juric, L. "Shakespeare's 'Bargulus, the strong Illyrian pirate'." Notes and Queries 58, no. 2 (April 15, 2011): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjr049.

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38

Rizos, Efthymios. "Civic administration in Illyricum and Thrace." Antiquité Tardive 26 (January 2018): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.at.5.116755.

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39

Wallace, J. "A (hi)story of Illyria." Greece and Rome 45, no. 2 (October 1, 1998): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gr/45.2.213.

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40

Bonin, John P. "Implicit-contract theory in Illyria." Journal of Comparative Economics 10, no. 1 (March 1986): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(86)90120-4.

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41

Groves, RH, and PE Kaye. "Germination and Phenology of Seven Introduced Thistle Species in Southern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 37, no. 4 (1989): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9890351.

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Seeds of seven introduced thistle species, common and widespread in southern Australia, were germi- nated over a range of different day!night temperatures and water potentials. The thistles were Carduus nutans L. (nodding), C. pycnocephalus L. and C. tenuiflorus Curtis (slender), Carthamus lanatus L. (saffron), Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. (spear), Onopordum aff. illyricum (illyrian) and Silybum marianum J. Gaertn. (variegated). Fresh seed of all thistle species germinated over a wide temperature range (15/5° to 40/30°C). Differences between taxa were expressed mainly at low temperatures (15/5° and 15/0°C), at which C. pycnocephalus germinated well and Onopordum only minimally. Germination of C. lanatus seeds was the most sensitive to moisture stress and that of C. nutans and C. vulgare the least. Radicle elongation of germinating seedlings differed at different water potentials, with C. tenuiflorus being the most sensitive to low water potential and that of C. lanatus the least, even at a water potential of - 1.5 MPa. The seven thistle species were separated into three groups based on the patterns of their phenological responses over two seasons when grown in a common environment. Carduus pycnocephalus and C. tenuiflorus behaved as short-season annuals, C. vulgare and Onopordum showed a strongly biennial response, and the other species were annual except for C. nutans, which behaved as an annual or a biennial depending on time of establishment. We conclude that the differences in germination responses to temperature and water potential between the different introduced thistles are minor. In combination with the major differences in phe- nology revealed in this study some of these differences may help to explain the predominance of the seven thistles in different regions of southern Australia. Other factors will largely determine their weediness in any one region.

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42

Eremija, Sasa. "Phytocoenological characteristics of beech forests on Manjaca." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 98 (2008): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0898089e.

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This paper deals with vegetation in series of sample plots put in the aim to define ecological-vegetational units within forest management unit 'Dubicka gora' and to make basis and scope of future forest management. Research encompassed montane beech forest of Iliyian region (Fagetum montanum illyricum, Fuk. et Stef., 1958) and its more mesic type, forest of beech and Acer obtusatum (Aceri obtusati-Fagetum, Fuk. et Stef., 1963). On the basis of floristic composition and site conditions in the community Fagetum montanum illyricum, four subcommunities were set apart: typicum, aceretosum, drymetosum and geranietosum.

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43

Falileyev, Alexander. "The Silent Europe." Palaeohispanica. Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania Antigua, no. 20 (May 1, 2020): 887–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i20.372.

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The contribution deals with a number of areas in ancient Europe where the epichoric languages are predominantly and primarily onomastic. After a brief consideration of certain theoretical problems, it starts off with a survey of the “Ligurian” set of questions and then moves to the vast region which has been formally considered a domain of the “Illyrian” language. The paper discusses the available data and reviews anthroponymic provinces traditionally selected in this area as well as geographical names, also going beyond the traditional borders of the “Illyrian” space.

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44

Pavić, Anto. "Zwischen den Welten - Antike Kulturlandschaften im Illyricum." Frankfurter elektronische Rundschau zur Altertumskunde, no. 11 (July 13, 2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/fera.11.39.

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45

Goodall, John A. "An Illyrian Armorial in the Society's Collection." Antiquaries Journal 75 (September 1995): 255–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500073030.

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Since the eighteenth century the Society has acquired many heraldic manuscripts, mainly English; but there are also several continental books, mostly from the Franks Bequest. Among the foreign books the most important is MS 54 which was bequeathed to the Society by Charles Lyttelton, Bishop of Carlisle when he died in office, as President in 1768. In the old catalogue of the Society's manuscripts the Latin half of the title page was quoted but it omitted to mention that the text was partly written in Cyrillic script. The Minutes, recording the important bequest of Lyttelton's books and manuscripts, described it adequately as: ‘A Book containing the Shield (sic) of Arms of all the Princes of Illyria, finely illumind. Vellum Qto.’ While Illyria does not occur on modern maps of Europe, the classical name for the province on the eastern shores of the Adriatic comprising the later territories of Bosnia, Croatia, Dalmatia and Hercegovina was revived in the sixteenth century by the local humanists and conveniently describes the scope of the collection.

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Bartels, Jens. "CYNNANE ‘THE ILLYRIAN’? THE PERILS OF ONOMASTICS." Classical Quarterly 65, no. 1 (April 2, 2015): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838814000561.

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Stating that Olympias and Eurydice fought the first war ever between women, Duris of Samos explained the behaviour of Eurydice by reporting that she learned the art of war from Cynnane ‘the Illyrian’ (ἀσκηθεῖσαν τὰ πολεμικὰ παρὰ Κυννάνῃ τῇ Ἰλλυρίδι).

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47

Hockey, Marilyn, Alan Johnston, Susan La Niece, Andrew Middleton, and Judith Swaddling. "An Illyrian helmet in the British Museum." Annual of the British School at Athens 87 (November 1992): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015185.

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Recent research on a helmet of Illyrian type, found in the River Alpheios and purchased by the British Museum in 1914, has yielded interesting historical, epigraphical, and technological information. The helmet was made between about 550 and 525 BC, and it was probably dedicated to Olympian Zeus in the latter years of the century; it was embellished with various types of silver decoration, notably appliqués of horsemen on the cheek-pieces. The inscription, incised in unusual herring-bone fashion, indicates that the helmet was dedicated by the Koroneans, and the event commemorated by the dedication is here considered.

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48

T�r�k, K., J. Podani, and A. Borhidi. "Numerical revision of the Fagion illyricum alliance." Vegetatio 81, no. 1-2 (July 1989): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00045522.

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49

Breyer, Friedrich. "The “homothetic” firm in illyria: Comment." Journal of Comparative Economics 11, no. 4 (December 1987): 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(87)90080-1.

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50

Biondich, Mark. "Stjepan Radić, Yugoslavism, and the Habsburg Monarchy." Austrian History Yearbook 27 (January 1996): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800005841.

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The idea that the South Slavs constituted a single ethnic whole has long received considerable support in Croat intellectual circles. Ljudevit Gaj's Illyrian movement of the 1830s and 1840s, which represented the initial stage of the Croat national awakening, recognized this idea and attempted to construct a common culture for all South Slavs under the neutral Illyrian name. Given the increased pressure of Magyarization in the first half of the nineteenth century, the linguistic and regional particularisms of the Croats resulting from the breakup of Croat lands in the medieval and early modern periods, and the presence of a considerable Serb minority in the Croat lands, the Illyrian idea became a necessity. It enabled the “awakeners” to overcome the particularisms that complicated the creation of a national consciousness among the Croats and deeply implanted in this consciousness the commonality of the South Slavs. Illyrianism eventually became a political force that found expression in the revolutions of 1848–49, but it was largely rejected by the Slovene intelligentsia and the Serbs of the Serbian principality and the Vojvodina. It remained a force and retained its significance only in the Croat lands.

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