Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ilot langerhans'
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PUY, HERVE. "Depistage du diabete sucre de type i : les anticorps anti-ilots de langerhans." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM073.
Full textLE, QUANG CHAILLOUS LUCY. "Etude de l'heterogeneite des autoanticorps anti-cellules d'ilots de langerhans au cours de l'histoire naturelle du diabete de type 1." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT240M.
Full textGRANDPERRET, SYLVIE. "Dépistage du diabète insulino-dépendant : à propos de l'étude DICA." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3077.
Full textDelamaire, Duchesne Maryvonne. "Marqueurs humoraux anti-ilots pancreatiques et diabete insulino-dependant." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN1B037.
Full textMonroy, Bénédicte. "Contribution au developpement d'un pancreas bioartificiel ; isolement, caracterisation et cryopreservation d'ilots de langerhans de porc ; etude de la biocompatibilite d'une membrane d'immunoprotection." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA11T019.
Full textPetit, Pierre. "Récepteurs purinergiques de la cellule B insulino-sécrétrice : recherche des mécanismes de couplage entre l'activation des récepteurs et la réponse fonctionnelle." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11077.
Full textLapeyre, Éric. "Signification des anticorps anti-ilots de Langerhans dans le diabète en milieu tropical : à propos d'une étude de prévalence dans une population de cent vingt-quatre patients en Cote d'Ivoire." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25401.
Full textNajimi, Abdelhakim. "Mise au point de modèles d'étude in vitro des îlots de Langerhans : application à l'étude de l'inhibition de l'insulino-sécrétion à l'exercice physique par les catécholamines et les opiacés endogènes." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T031.
Full textSai, Pierre. "Etude de l'auto-immunite dirigee contre les cellules pancreatiques a insuline au cours des diabetes insulinoprives." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2062.
Full textSusa, Isabella. "Modélisation mathématique des oscillations en salves du potentiel membranaire dans les neurones et les cellules [beta] pancréatiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10216.
Full textMILLOT, XAVIER. "Isolement et greffe d'ilots de langerhans : resultats preliminaires." Strasbourg 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR15079.
Full textQuiniou, Debrie Marie-Christine. "Immunité anti-ilots chez des diabétiques insulino-dépendants de type 1." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066085.
Full textBoillot, Assan Dominique. "La pentamidine : un nouvel agent diabétogène : étude clinique et expérimentale." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066045.
Full textScharfmann, Raphaël. "Etude de certains facteurs de croissance des ilots de langerhans et du trh pancreatique." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077222.
Full textVIGNEAU, HERMELLIN MURIELLE. "Reponse immunitaire contre un antigene exprime par transgenese sur les cellules b des ilots de langerhans." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077303.
Full textARBET, ENGELS CHRISTOPHE. "Isolement de masse d'ilots de langerhans a partir du pancreas de porc et cryopreservation de ces ilots." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077149.
Full textLarger, Etienne. "Diabète de type 1 : les ilôts de Langerhans ne sont pas des cibles passives de l'agression autoimmune." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05N069.
Full textLepeintre, Jérôme. "Contribution au développement d'un pancréas bioartificiel : cinétique ex vivo chez le chien : isolement d'ilots de Langerhans de chien et de porc." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD201.
Full textInsulin-dependent diabetes is a disease which affects nearly 150 000 persons in France, whose gravity is essentially bound to the development of vascular and nervous complications. Actual treatment, consisting in multiple daily insulin injections, is not perfect because it does not reproduce the physiological glucose-insulin regulation. In front of these difficulties, new treatments, such as bioartificial pancreas, are developed : islets of Langerhans from animal pancreas are placed between two selective membranes, permeable to glucose and insulin, but not to immunoglobulins and lymphocytes, avoiding immune rejection. This bioartificial pancréas, containing rat islets of Langerhans and directly connected to a normal anaesthetized dog without any peristaltic pump, responds to a glucose load in conditions compatible with physiology. The major problem of this project is to obtain enough islets, which represent only one per cent of the total pancreas. We have developed an isolation method fromdog and pig pancreas, but inconstant results lead us to automatize this method
Cantarovich, Diego. "Xenogreffe d'ilots pancreatiques porcins et traitement immunosuppresseur sans corticosteroides avec du serum antithymocytaire apres transplantation renale et pancreatique (doctorat immunologie)." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT12VS.
Full textDUVIVIER, VALERIE. "Ilots de langerhans de porcs exempts d'organismes pathogenes specifiques. - culture a long terme et cryopreservation. - contribution au developpement d'un pancreas bioartificiel." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066174.
Full textVasseur, Maryse. "Sensibilité de la cellule Bêta du pancréas de souris aux antagonistes calciques : étude électrophysiologique des effets du vérapamil, de la nifédipine et du bépridil." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2301.
Full textHubert, Thomas. "Thérapie cellulaire du diabète : influence des caractéristiques du donneur et du prélèvement pancréatique sur l'isolement des îlots de Langerhans." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S054.
Full textSince the publication of clinical results in 2000 by the Edmonton team, islet transplantation has been on the rise where more than 500 diabetic patients have received this new therapy around the world. Despite this real progress, drawbacks remain such as the use of a prolonged immunosuppressive regimen, scarce organ availability for isolation and the unpredictable nature of isolation methods. Following a brief historical overview of the islet transplantation, we presented the current techniques of pancreas procurement and our islet isolation results. We then showed the influence of the conservation solution on the results of islet isolation. We were also able to establish in the pig model the predictive value of the pancreatic endocrine mass assessed in vivo in the donor on the isolation outcome. Secondly, we confirmed these results in man allowing us to consider a rational selection of donors prior to islet isolation
FRAGNER, PASCAL. "Regulation hormonale de l'expression du gene de la thyreoliberine (trh) au cours du developpement. Signification biologique de la trh dans les ilots de langerhans." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077058.
Full textCAMPANA, MIREILLE. "Synthese de nouvelles semicarbazones et thiosemicarbazones d'esters et d'amides. Etude toxicologique liee a leur complexation par l'ion zinc, in vitro, sur les ilots de langerhans." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077111.
Full textDebuyser, Anne. "Etude du controle noradrenergique de la cellule beta du pancreas de souris par des techniques electrophysiologique, radioimmunologique et radioisotopiques." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2324.
Full textSterkers, Adrien. "Evaluation pré-clinique et clinique de l'autogreffe intramusculaire d'îlots de Langerhans." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951952.
Full textVaissié, Alix. "Alternatives to “native human islets” for research in vitro and in vivo : pseudo-islets and pancreatic endocrine cells from pluripotent stem cells – the role of progerin in differentiation and maturation." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S035.
Full textIntroduction: The use of human islets of Langerhans is the gold standard for research, both for physiological research and for the development of new therapeutic molecules for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The demand of human islets for research projects is constantly growing however, the availability is limited and different islet preparations show significant variability between human pancreata.Objectives: The main objective of this thesis was to propose an alternative to native human islets that can provide homogeneous and abundant pancreatic islets for research. To do this, we had two main objectives: 1) the production of controlled diameter pseudo-islets from human pancreata, and the evaluation of their function in vitro and in vivo compared to their native islet counterparts; 2) the optimization of the production of pancreatic endocrine cells from different pluripotent stem cell lines and evaluation of the impact of progerin on the differentiation and maturation of the cells produced. Pluripotent stem cells from healthy donors (H1, WiCell) and from patients affected with accelerated aging disease Progeria (HGPS, iStem).Material and Methods: The pseudo-islets were formed in clinical islet medium (CMRL 1066 human albumin, insulin) 7 days using the 5D Sphericalplate (Kulgelmeiers) and compared to the native islets D1 (day 1) and D7 (day 7) from the same donor.The differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (iPS DF19.9, H1 and iPS HGPS cells) was optimized using different protocols: the Rezania protocol, the SD Kit (StemCell Technologies) and the Nostro protocol. For in vitro maturation gene expression among different cell lines was evaluated by qPCR. Protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence technique and Flow cytometry analysis (EGID).For in vivo maturation, after transplantation under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice, blood glucose and human c-peptide measurements were assessed as well as metabolic test such as IPGTT were performed.Results: The pseudo-islets (n=4) generated in clinical islet medium secreted significantly less insulin in vitro than the native islets at D1 but with no significant difference from the native islets at D7. In both groups at D7, a significant decrease in intracellular insulin was observed compared10to native islets at D1. In vivo, the native islets at D1 secrete significantly more human c-peptide than the native islets at D7, while the difference is not significant between the native islets at D1 and the pseudo-islets at D7. In addition, morphometric analysis of the grafts revealed that the pseudo-islets tend to have more glucagon positive cells than the other two groups.Optimization of the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells allowed us to obtain more than 95% endoderm for H1 cells and 80% for iPS HGPS cells. For both lines, we generated 95% of pancreatic progenitor cells. The comparison of maturation genes revealed that progerin lead to a slight increase of cell maturation in the iPS HGPS group compared to H1 cells. However, no differences in in vivo function was observed. Age-related markers (53BP1, IGF1r, p16 and yH2AX) which validated in a pancreas from an elderly donor and an insulinoma. We identified yH2AX after 6 months transplantation of H1-grafts in endocrine and non-endocrine cells, while the expression in iPS HGPS-grafts appeared in the majority of cells, which had various shape of nucleiConclusion: This work provided positive results in terms of functional pseudo-islets and stem cells derived pancreatic endocrine cells. However, they remain preliminary and further studies must be conducted to provide realistic alternatives to native human islets for research
Polak, Michel. "Contribution a l'etude des facteurs de croissance et de differenciation du pancreas endocrine. Role de l'hormone de croissance et de facteurs de differenciation des cellules neuronales dans le developpement des ilots de langerhans." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066801.
Full textBarthson, Jenny. "Transcription factors and downstream genes modulating TNF-gas + IFN-gcs induced beta cell apoptosis." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209491.
Full textTNF-α+IFN-γ induces beta cell apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway of cell death. This involved activation of the BH3 only proteins DP5, PUMA and Bim. Knockdown (KD) of either DP5 or PUMA or both led to a partial protection of INS-1E cells (12-20%), while silencing Bim led to about 60% protection against cytokine-induced apoptosis. Bim is transcriptionally induced by activated STAT1. TNF-α+IFN-γ also induces downregulation of Bcl-XL, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene which inhibits Bim. Knocking down Bcl-XL alone led to increase in apoptosis, but this was prevented by the parallel KD of Bim.
The ultimate goal of our research is to protect beta cells from the autoimmune assault. Previous data revealed that JunB inhibits ER stress and apoptosis in beta cells treated with IL-β+IFN-γ. Here, TNF-α+IFN-γ up-regulated the expression of JunB which was downstream of activated NF-ĸB. JunB KD exacerbated TNF-α+IFN-γ induced beta cell death in primary rat beta cells and INS-1E cells. The gene networks affected by JunB were studied by microarray analysis. JunB regulates 20-25% of the cytokine-modified beta cell genes, including the transcription factor ATF3 and Bcl-XL. ATF3 expression was increased in cytokine-treated human islets and in vitro silencing of JunB led to >60% reduction in ATF3 overexpression. We confirmed direct JunB regulation of the ATF3 promoter by its binding to an ATF/CRE site. Silencing of ATF3 aggravated TNF-α+IFN-γ induced cell death in beta cells and led to the downregulation of Bcl-XL expression in INS-1E cells. Pharmacological upregulation of JunB using forskolin led to upregulation of ATF3 and consistent protection of these cells against cytokine-induced cell death, while genetic overexpression of JunB in mice increased ATF3 expression in the pancreatic islets and reversed the pro-apoptotic effects of cytokines on beta cells (±40 % protection).
As a whole, our findings indicate that TNF-α+IFN-γ triggers beta cell apoptosis by the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim and downregulation of the Bcl-XL protein. These deleterious effects are at least in part antagonized by JunB via activation of ATF3.
Dans le diabète de type 1 (DT1), la combinaison de facteurs génétiques de prédisposition et de l'environnement déclenche l'inflammation des îlots de Langerhans (insulite) conduisant à une destruction sélective et progressive des cellules bêta du pancréas. Les cellules bêta meurent principalement d’apoptose, déclenchée au moins en partie par les cytokines pro-inflammatoires sécrétées par les cellules immunitaires comme l’IL-β, le TNF-α l’IFN-γ. De récentes découvertes suggèrent que la voie mitochondriale de la mort cellulaire jouerait un rôle dans la mort de ces cellules. L'analyse de réseaux de gène utilisant les biopuces d’ADN indique que l’association TNF-α+IFN-γ induit l’activation de facteurs de transcription tels que NF-ĸB, STAT1 et AP-1 dans la cellule bêta. Dans ce contexte, nous avons cherché à examiner les voies de l'apoptose déclenchées par le TNF-α+IFN-γ dans la cellule bêta.
En présence de TNF-α+IFN-γ les cellules bêta meurent par apoptose via la voie intrinsèque. L’activation des protéines pro-apoptotiques « BH3-seulement » dont DP5, PUMA et Bim étaient en cause de cette apoptose. Le « knockdown »1 (KD), de DP5 ou de PUMA, ou des deux en même temps conduit à une protection partielle des cellules INS-1E (12-20%), tandis que le KD de Bim conduit à environ 60% de protection contre l’apoptose induite par cette combinaison de cytokines. La transcription de Bim est induite par STAT1 activé. Parallèlement à la régulation positive de Bim, TNF-α+IFN-γ conduit à la régulation négative de la protéine Bcl-XL. Bcl-XL est une protèine anti-apoptotique de la famille de protèines Bcl-2 qui en general inhibe Bim. Réduire l’expression de Bcl-XL seul induit une augmention de l'apoptose, alors que le KD de Bim et Bcl-XL en parallèle empêche l'apoptose.
Le but ultime de notre recherche est de protéger les cellules bêta des agressions autoimmunitaires. Les données antérieures ont révélé que JunB inhibe le stress du réticulum endoplasmique et l'apoptose dans les cellules bêta traitées avec IL-β+IFN-γ. Nous avons observé que TNF-α+IFN-γ induit l'expression de JunB qui se produit en aval de NF-ĸB activé. Il est important de noter que l’inactivation de JunB par des agents interférants de l’ARN (siRNA) exacerbe la mort des cellules primaires bêta de rat et de cellules INS-1E induite par les cytokines. Les réseaux de gènes touchés par JunB ont été étudiés grâce a l'analyse en microréseaux. JunB règule 20-25% des gènes modifiés par des cytokines dans les cellules bêta, y compris le facteur de transcription ATF3 et Bcl-XL. L’expression d’ATF3 est augmenté dans les îlots humains traités avec les cytokines et la répression in vitro de JunB conduit à une réduction de >60% de l’expression d’ATF3. Nous avons confirmé la régulation d’ATF3 par JunB en montrant que JunB est directement lié au promoteur d’ATF3 via le site ATF/CRE. La diminution d’expression d’ATF3 en presence de TNF-α+IFN-γ a aggravé la mort cellulaire induite dans les cellules bêta et a conduit à la régulation négative de l'expression de Bcl-XL dans les cellules INS-1E. L’augmentation pharmacologique de JunB dans les cellules INS-1E par l’utilisation de forskolin a conduit à la régulation positive en aval d’ATF3 et par conséquente à la protection de cellules bêta vis-a-vis de effets indésirables des cytokines. Dans cette optique, la surexpression génétique de JunB dans le modèle Ubi-JunB de souris transgénique a conduit à une surexpression d’ATF3 dans les îlots pancréatiques et a permir d’inverser les effets pro-apoptotiques de cytokines sur la cellule bêta (protection ± 40%).
Globalement, ces résultats indiquent que TNF-α+IFN-γ déclenche l'apoptose des cellules bêta par la régulation positive du gène pro-apoptotique Bim et la régulation négative du gène anti-apoptotique Bcl-XL. Ces effets indésirables sont inhibé en partie par JunB via l’activation de ATF3.
1Pas d’équivalent en français. Signifie la réduction de l’expression d’un gène via utilisation d’un siRNA (agent interférant de l’ARN).
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gargani, Sofia. "Adaptive changes of human islets to an obesogenic environment in the mouse." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S018/document.
Full textUnder normal healthy conditions, organisms maintain a dynamic endocrinecell mass throughout life. Pancreatic beta cell mass are able to maintain plasma glucose levels increasing insulin secretion in conditions as obesity.Beta cell inability to compensate in insulin demand provokes hyperglycemia and Type 2 Diabetes. Clinically, most obese individuals do not develop diabetes because islets compensate for insulin resistance. Direct evidence that human islet mass adapts longitudinally to obesity in vivo was lacking and, moreover, little information was available on the mechanismsand cell type(s) involved.Current evidence for increased beta cell mass in obese humans (vs lean) is based entirely on postmortem histology.Aim: In this thesis, firstly (Part 1) we performed a descriptive cross sectional study by evaluating the pancreatic islet morphology and alpha and beta cell distribution from our archived human pancreatic sections of obese and normal subjects. Secondly, (Part 2) we explored the longitudinal adaptation of human islets to an obesogenic environment and showed direct evidence that non-diabetic human islets adapt bothendocrine and beta cell mass, function and gene expression to obesity in vivo. Thirdly (Part 3) we performed lineage tracing to determine which cell type alpha or beta give rise to the increase islet mass in obesity. Finally (Part 4) in this diet induced obesity model we developed, we looked at the differential gene expression with Illumina gene chips in a kinetic study on human islets which were laser capture microdissected at 6, 8 and 10 weeks on control or high fat diet.Methods: Archived human pancreatic sections were immunostained for endocrine, beta, alpha, fat. In the obese/immunodeficient mouse model, non-diabetic Rag2–/– mice were transplanted under kidney capsule with human islets from human brain-deceased donors (non-diabetics donors and donors with overt metabolic dysfunction). Animals were fed for 12 weeks with a control or high-fat diet (HFD), and followed for weight, serum triacylglycerol, fasting blood glucose and human C-peptide. After the mice were killed, human grafts and the endogenous pancreas were analyzed for endocrine volume, distribution of beta and alpha cells, and mechanisms of regeneration.Results: The cross-sectional study, performed on archived human paraffin embedded sections of normal weight, overweight, or obese subjects showed that obese donors were characterized by an increased total endocrine mass, bigger individual islet size, increased intrapancreatic fat, increased β to cell ratio and decreased :β cell ratio in islets. In the longitudinal study, concomitant with the increased weight gain, doubling of abdominal fat, increased serum triacylglycerol and reduced insulin sensitivity in 12 week HFD animals we reported that human islet grafts showed functional compensation, measured as a more than doubling of fasting human C-peptide in mouse serum, and histological adaptation of islet endocrine mass including increased beta cells. Further analysis of the human grafts revealed proliferation and neogenesis as the responsible mechanisms for the doubling of the human endocrine mass.Discussion: This novel model allows, for the first time, longitudinal studies of human islet adaptation to an obese murine environment and may be instrumental in deciphering pathways involved in human beta cell expansion, as well as in helping to identify factors predisposing human beta cells to undergo decompensation
Essaouiba, Amal. "Development of a liver-pancreas in vitro model using microfluidic organ-on-chip technologies." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2573.
Full textDiabetes mellitus (DM) or the so called disease of the century is a life threatening dysfunction that affects the endocrine system. The mechanisms underlying the break in the feedback loop that regulates the metabolism and the consequent diabetes induction are not fully known. Understanding the mechanisms of insulin action is therefore crucial for the further development of effective therapeutic strategies to combat DM. Accordingly, it is imperative to find a robust and reliable model for diabetes research able to overcome the limitations of traditional 2D in vitro cell culture and animal experimentation. The aim of this thesis is to develop a new liver‐pancreas co‐culture model using advanced microphysiological systems (MPs) to tackle more effectively the mechanism involving the hepatic and pancreatic endocrine regulation. This work highlights the power of multi organ‐on‐chip systems that combines the advanced 3D‐cell compartmentalization, microfluidics and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) technology to achieve a high biological complexity and functions that are rarely reproduced by only one of these tissue engineering technologies