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1
Levä, Ilkka. "Television kasvattamat." Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu 34, no. 2-3 (September 8, 2021): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23994/lk.111158.
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Fight Club toimi uusliberalistisen yhteiskuntajärjestelmän työhön liittyvää affektituotantoa mallintavana ja tuottavana elokuvallisena koneena. Analyysi perustuu Jonathan Bellerin elokuvallisen tuotantomuodon teoriaan. Elokuvalla katsojat kalibroitiin tekemään huomiotalouden vaatimaa katsomistyötä. Palkaksi he saivat erilaisia viihtymisen muotoja. Gilles Deleuzen ”ajattelun kuva” -käsitteelle rinnasteisena kehitellään ”työn kuva” -käsitettä.Elokuvassa tuotettiin metaelokuvana sekä kuluttamiselle perustuvaa katsojakokemuksen tilaa että yleisempää työn kuvaa. Tuottavana koneena eli metaelokuvana Fight Club koetti paeta työelämän tuottamia vieraannuttavia affekteja marginaalisuuden ”mustiin aukkoihin”. Huomiotalouden spektaakkelina se kuitenkin kietoi katsojansa globaaliin kulttuuriteollisuuden verkostoon muuttaen katsojakokemusta yhteiskuntien sosiaalisella kentällä. Artikkelissa pohditaan, miten Fight Club vaikutti uusliberalistiselle yhteiskuntajärjestelmälle tyypilliseen työn kuvaan.Avainsanat: affekti, metaelokuva, työn kuva, huomiotalous, uusliberalismiRaised by TV. The Meta-Cinematic Image of Work in Fight ClubThe film Fight Club was a cinematic machine, which modelled and produced the affective labor of work in a neoliberal society. The analysis is based on Jonathan Beller’s theory of cinematic mode of production. Spectators were calibrated to do the viewing work required of attention economy. As a reward, they attained different modes of entertainment and enjoyment. In the article, Gilles Deleuze’s concept of “the image of thought” is reformulated and put to use as the concept of “the image of work”.At the metacinematic level, Fight Club is argued to produce an image of spectatorship as consumerism, as well as a generalized image of work. As a producing machine, Fight Club tries to flee the alienating affects of working life to the “black holes” of marginality. As an attention economy spectacle, it simultaneously enfolds the viewers in the web of global culture industry, transforming the viewer experience in the social field of global societies. The article centers on the question of how Fight Club effected the typical image of work in neoliberal societies.Keywords: affect, meta-cinema, image of work, attention economy, neoliberalism
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REISCH, MARC S. "Firms Boost Community Programs To Fight Chemicals' Poor Image." Chemical & Engineering News 66, no. 49 (December 5, 1988): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v066n049.p013.
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Goh, Dion Hoe-Lian, Rebecca P. Ang, Chei Sian Lee, and Alton Y. K. Chua. "Fight or unite: Investigating game genres for image tagging." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 62, no. 7 (April 28, 2011): 1311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.21478.
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Kotre, John. "Biomedical engineering. Image processing in the fight against breast cancer." Engineering Science and Education Journal 2, no. 1 (1993): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/esej:19930014.
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Kasztalska, Anastazja Magdalena. "BRAND IMAGE AND THE FIGHT AGAINST COUNTERFEITING BY THE GUCCI COMPANY." CBU International Conference Proceedings 6 (September 24, 2018): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v6.1160.
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Gucci is a company that represents a modern approach to the image in the fashion industry. This article aims to answer the question of how taking care of brand imagine results in a higher company income. The research method used in this article is a survey made with the cooperation of buyers of the luxury brand Gucci. Unquestionably, there is a strong link between care for the brand image and fight against counterfeiting. Further research can be focused on an answering the question of how to prevent counterfeiting. Without a doubt, customers prefer brands that have a strong and unique brand image. Counterfeiting unfortunately puts in doubt the value of the brand and is an existing danger for the Gucci company.
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Centeno Martín, Marcos P. "The fight for self-representation." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 13 (July 20, 2017): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.13.04.
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Film representation of the Ainu people is as old as cinema but it has not remained stable over time. From the origins of cinema, Ainu people were an object of interest for Japanese and foreign explorers who portrayed them as an Other, savage and isolated from the modern world. The notion of “otherness” was slightly modified during wartime, as the Ainu were represented as Japanese subjects within the “imperial family”, and at the end of the fifties when entertainment cinema presented the Ainu according to the codes of the Hollywood Western on the one hand; and Mikio Naruse proposed a new portrayal focusing on the Ainu as a long-discriminated social collective rather than as an ethnic group, on the other. However, Tadayoshi Himeda’s series of seven documentaries following the Ainu leader Shigeru Kayano’s activities marked a significant shift in Ainu iconography. Himeda challenged both the postwar institutional discourse on the inexistence of minorities in Japan, and the touristic and ahistorical image that concealed the Ainu’s cultural assimilation to Japanese culture. The proposed films do not try to show an exotic people but a conventional people struggling to recover their collective past.
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Chauhan, Sarita. "Analysis of Mask Wearability Via Feature Based & Image Based Approach Using Image Processing." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 10, 2021): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37336.
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The world is fighting the Covid19 pandemic. There are so many essential equipment needed to fight against Coronavirus. One of such essentials is Face Mask. Firstly, face masks were not mandatory for everyone but as the day progresses scientists and Doctors have recommended everyone to wear face masks. Now To detect whether a person is wearing Face Mask or not, we will use Face Mask Wearability technique. Face Mask wearability Platform utilizes Image Processing to perceive if a person does/doesn’t wear a mask. The application can be associated with any current or new IP cameras to identify individuals with/without a mask. Face Detection Methods are Feature Based Approach & Image Based Approach.
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Jaquet, Daniel, and Sixt Wetzler. "Fight books in comparative perspective. An introduction." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 8, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/apd-2020-001.
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From the famous wrestling scenes of the Beni Hasan cemetery in Egypt to self-defence manuals of the globalised martial arts world of the twenty-first century: the depiction and description of body techniques of combat is a phenomenon that can be witnessed throughout history and across the world. For several hundred years, such techniques – pertaining to the use of edged weapons, impact weapons, and unarmed combat – have been laid down via image and/or text in a large number of fight books from various parts of the world. The volume “Fight Books in Comparative Perspective” collects the contributions to the conference of the same title that was held at Deutsches Klingenmuseum Solingen in 2017, and aims to open up an interdisciplinary discussion of the topic.
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Zhang, Xiaoling. "Editorial: ‘One City, Many Tales’: COVID-19, perception, and the importance of contextualization." Global Media and China 6, no. 1 (March 2021): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436421999117.
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This introduction to the special issue summarizes the contributions from the five leading scholars in the field—their contribution to the conceptualization of such concepts as soft power, sharp power, image shaping, image reception, as well as methodological approaches. It highlights the importance of contextualizing their findings for a full understanding of the image of China in the media narratives examined. In doing so, the Introduction lays foundation for further investigations on the relationship between media coverage of health crisis and image construction as the world continues to fight against the virus.
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Wetzler, Sixt. "“Your Kung Fu is very good, Master Fiore!” Asian and European fight books in comparison." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apd-2016-0010.
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Abstract The phenomenon of the fight book is not restricted to the European tradition. Similar artefacts, usually combining text and image to describe the techniques of close quarter combat with and without weapons, exist also in various Asian cultures, in China, Japan, Korea, and India. In the article, the question shall be raised in how far and to which end fight books of different cultures can be taken into one perspective, and be compared. To do so, similarities and dissimilarities between European and early Chinese fight books will be pointed out, and preliminary areas for comparison will be introduced. The aim of the article is to raise awareness for the topic, and to lay the ground for further discussion between specialists on the respective European and Chinese fields.
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Jia, Yong, Ruiyuan Song, Shengyi Chen, Gang Wang, Yong Guo, Xiaoling Zhong, and Guolong Cui. "Multipath Ghost Suppression Based on Generative Adversarial Nets in Through-Wall Radar Imaging." Electronics 8, no. 6 (June 3, 2019): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060626.
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In this paper, we propose an approach that uses generative adversarial nets (GAN) to eliminate multipath ghosts with respect to through-wall radar imaging (TWRI). The applied GAN is composed of two adversarial networks, namely generator G and discriminator D. Generator G learns the spatial characteristics of an input radar image to construct a mapping from an input to output image with suppressed ghosts. Discriminator D evaluates the difference (namely, the residual multipath ghosts) between the output image and the ground-truth image without multipath ghosts. On the one hand, by training G, the image difference is gradually diminished. In other words, multipath ghosts are increasingly suppressed in the output image of G. On the other hand, D is trained to improve in evaluating the diminishing difference accompanied with multipath ghosts as much as possible. These two networks, G and D, fight with each other until G eliminates the multipath ghosts. The simulation results demonstrate that GAN can effectively eliminate multipath ghosts in TWRI. A comparison of different methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method, such as the exemption of prior wall information, no target images with degradation, and robustness for different scenes.
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Greene, Harry W., and Jonathan B. Losos. "Systematics, Natural History, and Conservation: Field biologists must fight a public-image problem." BioScience 38, no. 7 (July 1988): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310949.
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Andreeva, A. ""Strive to fight…". The image of Vasily Konstantinovich Rostovsky in the Power Book." Русская речь, no. 5 (2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013161170001620-1.
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Suchenek, Renata. "Prasa i film II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej wobec handlu białymi niewolnicami." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 11 (January 1, 2015): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2015.11.6.
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This article presents, from a historical perspective, the role that the press and film played in the fight against slave trade in 2nd Republic of Poland, in the years 1918-1939. Source material for the paper had been obtained from state archives (the Archive of New Acts in Warsaw, the State Archive in Poznań) and the Archdiocesan Archive in Poznań, as well as excerpted from magazines and films from the period. Articles and press statements which provided information on human trafficking, human traffickers, socio-political countermeasures employed in Europe and in Poland conveyed the image of Polish involvement in the fight against human trafficking, the victims of which were Polish women. Films (scientific, feature films) were the means of propaganda in the fight against human trafficking, the main goal of which was mostly raising public awarenesssłowa klucze
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Harden, John P. "All the World’s a Stage: US Presidential Narcissism and International Conflict." International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 3 (June 12, 2021): 825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab048.
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Abstract How do leaders matter? What do leaders want? Grandiose narcissism provides a pathway to understanding how personality can impact a leader’s preference formation and foreign policy behavior. More narcissistic leaders will focus their efforts on maintaining their inflated self-image by selecting how they will fight on the world stage and who they will fight against. While most leaders will divert attention to easier won battles, more narcissistic leaders will prefer to fight against high-status states by themselves. This article introduces a new measure of US’ presidential narcissism, and finds support for the argument that more narcissistic US presidents prefer unilaterally initiating Great Power disputes using data from 1897–2008. A brief review of Theodore Roosevelt’s handling of the Venezuela Crisis of 1902–1903 is used as a plausibility probe of the theory’s causal mechanisms.
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Dimililer, Kamil, and Salah Zarrouk. "ICSPI: Intelligent Classification System of Pest Insects Based on Image Processing and Neural Arbitration." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 4 (2017): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12161.
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Abstract. Detection of insects in agricultural fields is a significant challenge. Minimizing the use of pesticides is necessary for healthier crops and consumers. Therefore, effective and intelligent systems should be designed to fight infestations. This article aims to develop an intelligent insect classification system that would be capable of detecting and classifying the eight insects most commonly found in paddy fields. The developed system comprises two principal stages. In the first stage, the images of the insects are processed using different image processing techniques in order to detect their geometric shapes. The next stage is the classification phase, where a backpropagation neural network is trained and then tested on processed images. Experimentally, the system was tested on different insect images and the results show high efficiency and a classification rate of 93.5%. Keywords: Backpropagation neural networks, Classification, Geometric shapes, Intelligent systems, Pattern averaging, Pest control.
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Vorobyova, M. V. "On Alternative Interpretation and Representations of Labor in Soviet Cinema of the 1950s and 1960s." Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture 26, no. 4 (2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv1.2020.26.4.073.
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The author of the article uses discourse analysis to recreate the interpretation of labor that is latent in the representation of housewives’ images. The research material included Soviet movies of the 1950s and 1960s. The author addresses social, economic and cultural contexts of the 1950s and 1960s. Gender policy of the state, existing gender contracts, popular family models, the fight against parasites, etc. are also studied. The author explains the reasons for the different demand for the image of a housewife and the different measure of tolerance towards the status of a housewife, which are demonstrated in the cinema of two decades.
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Kleshchenko, Lyudmila. "Cuba in Soviet and American Cold War cinema. Comparative analysis." Latinskaia Amerika, no. 8 (2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0012853-7.
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The article presents the results of a study of Cuba's cinema images in Soviet and American cold war cinema. The study aimed to compare the ways of representing Cuba in the Soviet and American cinema of this period. Materials for the study were Soviet and American films made in the period 1945-1991. It is shown that in the American cinema of the cold war, Cuba can be positioned as an enemy, as an arena of confrontation in the struggle of two superpowers, or as a victim of this struggle. In Soviet cinema, accordingly, Cuba is positioned as a fraternal country, or as a victim of American imperialism. There is a similarity in the representation of Cuba in Soviet and American cinema: images of Cuba are involved in constructing the image of the enemy to strengthen the threat emanating from it and perform a mobilization function. Besides, the image of Cuba in distress serves to legitimize the fight against the invaders, Soviet or American. The feminization of Cuba is used as an ideological device for constructing the image of the enemy. At the same time, the images of Cuba in American cinema are more diverse, due to the long history of relations between the two countries based on geographical proximity.
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Fedulov, Igor N., and Sergey S. Kvach. "Anti-corruption in the Russian Federation: current state and prospects." Yugra State University Bulletin 15, no. 3 (January 11, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu2019326-31.
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The subject of the article is the analysis of three main aspects of the fight against corruption: the prevention of corruption, the fight against corruption and minimizing the consequences of corruption offenses. Separate gaps in the legislation affecting the effectiveness of anti-corruption, mechanisms of interaction between government, business and society, which have as their goal the prevention of corruption, are examined. The role of civil society institutions in the fight against corruption, as well as the influence of the media on the perception of the image of a corrupt official, is examined. The problem of criminalizing the liability of legal entities for corruption offenses, the problem of applying such a criminal law measure as confiscation of the property of a corrupt official are touched upon. Briefly discussed are the possibilities of transferring to the legal field some aspects of corruption in the form of organizing lobbying activities. The authors also consider aspects of minimizing the social consequences of corruption.
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Hamdja, Fansier, Fathul Qorib, and Sulih Indra Dewi. "Analisis Film Kartini Dalam Perspektif Kesetaraan Gender." JURNAL SOSIAL : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 21, no. 1 (May 9, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/sos.v21i1.48.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the efforts of gender equality contained in the Kartini film through the semiotic study of Roland Barthes. Roland Barthes's analysis is used to find out the meaning of denotation, connotation, and myth in an image contained in artistic visualization, act, and dialogue in the film "Kartini". The results of this study that the connotation meaning of the Kartini film in the perspective of gender equality is an effort to fight for gender equality by Kartini as a woman who likes to write and teach literacy to others while denotative meaningthe effort to fight for gender equality in Kartini's film is that Kartini struggles through the path of literacy because literacy is a good way to fight for gender equality, with literacy she breaks Javanese culture which considers women unequal to men andhave abilities below men.Keywords: Semiotics, Kartini, Gender equality. Keywords—: Semiotics; Kartini; Gender Equality.
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Bohatyrets, Valentyna, and Olena Yehorova. "‘Ukrainian Institute’ as a Strategic Narrative of Ukraine’s Positive Image Making." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 37-38 (December 18, 2018): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.228-233.
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The research aims to delve into the problem of systematic neglecting and denying of the tools of soft power in Ukrainian foreign policy. The key issue of the project is to disclose the importance of cultural diplomacy and explore the significance of different countries’ cultural institutions abroad. The research highlights the examples of successful implementation of cultural diplomacy cases and its role in crafting the approaches in bridge-building between Ukraine and the world during the years of its gaining independence. The objective is to point out the value and the potential of such institutions in today’s globalized world. Noteworthy, the Ukrainian Institute (UI) was established by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine in 2017.
The key message of ours is to show that Ukrainian Institute could make drastic changes in the approaches to the cultural diplomacy of Ukraine by promoting a positive image of Ukraine around the world, fight stereotypes, foster business connections, facilitate mutual understanding, attract investments and tourist, and put our country on the map. We also have to deal with the syndrome of the international community fatigue in terms of Ukraine and its careless attitude and disconnectedness in reforming and advancing of key branches of the Ukrainian society as well as unsuccessful tackling of corruption issues. Thus, we need to concentrate our efforts on showing relatively new Ukraine, fight international community’s unawareness and recognition of Ukraine, and give the voice to our rich and vibrant cultural sector.
Keywords: soft power, cultural diplomacy, cultural institute, Ukrainian Institute, image-building, foreign policy, Ukraine
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Beauchez, Jérôme. "Embodying combat: How boxers make sense of their ‘conversations of gestures’." Ethnography 20, no. 4 (April 13, 2018): 483–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138118769939.
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This essay offers an ethnography of the ‘conversations of gestures’ that occur between boxers during training fights or ‘sparring’. By showing how these situations are embodied, it elaborates a sociology of the senses and meaning as it relates to these ordeals. In addition to considering the boxers and their ‘culture in interaction’, the essay reexamines a number of the assumptions embraced by sociologists of ‘habitus’ and ‘practical sense’. While a boxer's knowledge lies first and foremost in his fists, the fight also triggers a vital consciousness of the situation – a body image – that, when articulated with habitualized motor schemas, makes reflection and strategy central to the action itself. To deny the possibility of such boxing reflexivity would mean describing the fighter as a ‘cultural dope’ whose capacity for reflection is supplanted by the acquisition of fighting reflexes: this is what is entailed by the concept of ‘boxing habitus’. Yet this emphasis on the body's automatic mechanisms reduces the sociology of practice to the socialization of body schemas, without being able to connect them to body images. The latter is what this essay seeks to reintroduce into analysis.
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Tomanić Trivundža, Ilija, and John Tagg. "Governmentality and the Image: An Interview with John Tagg." Membrana Journal of Photography, Vol. 1, no. 1 (2016): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m1.024.int.
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John Tagg is one of the most prominent contributors to critical theory and history of photography. In the interview, he talks about the contemporary relationship between (photographic) image and governmentability, on the asymmetrical distribution of power relations that it implies and on the possibilities of resistance to the omnipresent social surveillance. Within the contemporary apparatuses and machineries of surveillance, the image often represents only a nodal point for collection of nonvisual information. As the value of the image within these machineries shifts away from their representational character, the image is increasingly becoming weaponized and is in the final instance, destined to become a trigger rather than visualisation device of the apparatuses of social control. Therefore purely visual strategies of resistance, such as camouflage, are not sufficient to fight against the increasingly automated machineries of social control and changed conditions of governmentability.
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Branco, Manuel Castelo, and Dina Matos. "The fight against corruption in Portugal: evidence from sustainability reports." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-05-2014-0027.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the disclosure of information on the fight against corruption in the sustainability reports of Portuguese companies. Design/methodology/approach – Anti-corruption disclosure in the sustainability reports for 2009 of Portuguese firms, published on the website of the Portugal’s Business Council for Sustainability Development, is analysed. Three hypotheses are tested about associations between such disclosure and firm-specific variables. Findings – Companies with a high visibility in terms of risk of corruption (companies in sectors with higher risk and government-owned companies) and companies that engage in association with the United Nations Global Compact seem to exhibit greater concern to improve the corporate image through disclosure. Research limitations/implications – There may be content analysis issues associated with subjectivity in the coding process and the use of a limited content analysis method. Originality/value – This paper adds to the scarce research on the fight against corruption in corporate social responsibility and the reporting thereof by providing new empirical data.
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Manzo, Mario, and Simone Pellino. "Fighting Together against the Pandemic: Learning Multiple Models on Tomography Images for COVID-19 Diagnosis." AI 2, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ai2020016.
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COVID-19 has been a great challenge for humanity since the year 2020. The whole world has made a huge effort to find an effective vaccine in order to save those not yet infected. The alternative solution is early diagnosis, carried out through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests or thorax Computer Tomography (CT) scan images. Deep learning algorithms, specifically convolutional neural networks, represent a methodology for image analysis. They optimize the classification design task, which is essential for an automatic approach with different types of images, including medical. In this paper, we adopt a pretrained deep convolutional neural network architecture in order to diagnose COVID-19 disease from CT images. Our idea is inspired by what the whole of humanity is achieving, as the set of multiple contributions is better than any single one for the fight against the pandemic. First, we adapt, and subsequently retrain for our assumption, some neural architectures that have been adopted in other application domains. Secondly, we combine the knowledge extracted from images by the neural architectures in an ensemble classification context. Our experimental phase is performed on a CT image dataset, and the results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with respect to the state-of-the-art competitors.
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Daoud, Eduard, Dang Vu, Hung Nguyen, and Martin Gaedke. "ENHANCING FAKE PRODUCT DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING OBJECT DETECTION MODELS." IADIS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 15, no. 1 (October 7, 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33965/ijcsis_2020150102.
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ResearchAndMarkets wrote in their report on May 15, 2018, that up to 1.2 Trillion USD in 2017 of products are counterfeited goods. The report estimated this damage globally at 1.82 Trillion USD in 2020. This paper does not consider copyright infringement, digital piracy, counterfeiting or fraudulent documents, but rather examines the prevention of counterfeiting on a technological basis. The presence of counterfeit products on the European and US markets increase, the intervention of inspection bodies and authorities alone is obviously not sufficient, but consumers could make their contribution and improve the situation. In this paper, we research the possibility to reduce counterfeit products using machine learning-based technology. Image and text recognition, and classification based on machine learning have the potential to become the key technology in the fight against counterfeiting. Image recognition and classification of product information empowers the end customer to identify counterfeits accurately and efficiently by comparing them with trained models. The goal of this paper is to create an easy, simple, and elegant application, which empowers the end-users to identify counterfeit products and as such contribute to the fight against product piracy.
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Khan, Rehan Ullah, Khalil Khan, Waleed Albattah, and Ali Mustafa Qamar. "Image-Based Detection of Plant Diseases: From Classical Machine Learning to Deep Learning Journey." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 2, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5541859.
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Plant disease automation in agriculture science is the primary concern for every country, as the food demand is increasing at a fast rate due to an increase in population. Moreover, the increased use of technology today has increased the efficacy and accuracy of detecting diseases in plants and animals. The detection process marks the beginning of a series of activities to fight the diseases and reduce their spread. Some diseases are also transmitted between animals and human beings, making it hard to fight them. For many years, scientists have researched how to deal with the common diseases that affect humans and plants. However, there are still many parts of the detection and discovery process that have not been completed. The technology used in medical procedures has not been adequate to detect all diseases on time, and that is why some diseases turn out to become pandemics because they are hard to detect on time. Our focus is to clarify the details about the diseases and how to detect them promptly with artificial intelligence. We discuss the use of machine learning and deep learning to detect diseases in plants automatically. Our study also focuses on how machine learning methods have been moved from conventional machine learning to deep learning in the last five years. Furthermore, different data sets related to plant diseases are discussed in detail. The challenges and problems associated with the existing systems are also presented.
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Roelofsen, Mathijs. "La Noble Science des Joueurs d’Espée: Fight Book and Commercial Product." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 8, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/apd-2020-005.
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La Noble Science des Joueurs d’Espée (originally La Noble Science des Ioueurs Despee) is a fight book printed in 1538 by Willem Vorsterman, a local printer in Antwerp. Printed in several exemplars, the book is the French translation of a German fencing treatise written by Andre Paurnfeindt, which itself was first published in Vienna in 1516. The study of Vorsterman’s edition shows several errors were made in recreating Paurnfeindt’s work, including inversions of image and text, which have the potential to alter the transmission of the text’s martial knowledge. This raises the question of Vorsterman's commercial intentions when editing and printing this fight book, especially regarding the flourishing printing business in sixteenth-century Flanders. This paper aims to describe the differences in construction between Vorsterman and Pauernfeindt’s treatises in the context of both printing and martial cultures in Antwerp and the surrounding region.
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Kim, Hyunjo, Gyoonhee Han, and Jae-Hoon Song. "A Review for Artificial Intelligence Proving to Fight Against COVID-19 Pandemic and Prefatory Health Policy." Journal of Medical Biomedical and Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 494–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/jmbas.v8i8.247.
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The aim of the present study is to discuss the various aspects of modern technology used to fight against COVID-19 outbreak crisis at different scales, including medical image processing, disease tracking, prediction outcomes, computational biology and medicines. A progressive search of the database related to modern technology towards COVID-19 pandemic is made. Further, a brief review is done on the extracted information by assessing the various aspects of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic. We provide a window of thoughts on review of the technology advances used to decrease and smother the substantial impact of the outburst. However, there are still constrained applications and contributions of technology in this fight although different studies relating to modern technology towards COVID-19 pandemic have come up yet. The modern technology on-going progress has contributed in improving people’s lives. Hence, there is a solid conviction that validated research plans including artificial intelligence will be of significant advantage in helping people to fight this infection.
Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, artificial intelligence (AI), molecular modeling, drug repurposing, vaccines, health infrastructure systems (HIS)
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Araújo, Paulo Coelho, and Ana Rosa Jaqueira. "Social history of Capoeira through images. The Raul Pederneiras’ "silhouettes"." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 12, no. 2 (December 19, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v12i2.4417.
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The study of Capoeira through the interpretation of images is characterized by being practically non-existent, and contains superficial and scarcely informed interpretations of its presence in Brazil. This study is based on the historical method and also is supported by the principles of the Historical Archaeology (Orser Jr., 1992) and those developed by Panofsky (1986) on the interpretation of images. For this study, we selected an <em>iconography</em>- "Silhouette" - by Pederneiras (1926). From this artist’s work and the accompanying text it is highlighted the apology of Brazilian's fight and its supremacy over other self-defense expressions known at the time in Brazil, the recognition of the potential of Capoeira as a physical exercise, and Pederneira’s comments on some contextual facts, highlighting the interference of its practitioners in Brazilian politics and their role as bodyguards recruited by politicians. He also referred its most famous practitioners, the gangs of Capoeira and their typical language and costumes in the Carioca society of the late 19th and early 20th century. This information, and specially the strokes depicted in the image, allows us to reconstruct the history of Capoeira movements, given the scarcity of historical sources in this field. Through this silhouette, Pederneiras sought to raise awareness among government authorities to adopt the Brazilian fight as a national identity element and recognize it as the National Gymnastics.<p> </p>
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Arnott, Gareth, Emma Beattie, and Robert W. Elwood. "To breathe or fight? Siamese fighting fish differ when facing a real opponent or mirror image." Behavioural Processes 129 (August 2016): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.05.005.
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Liu, Jiani. "Research on the Emotional Expression and Innovation of Digital Technology under Visual Communication——Taking the fight “epidemic” image as an example." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 05088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123605088.
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The unexpected outbreak of the Covid-19 in 2020 has shifted the focus of the media worldwide to the comprehensive, tridimensional and truthful coverage of the catastrophe to the audience. Through the shooting of the Wuhan epidemic as an example, the article analyzes the photographic works in the epidemic, and discusses the innovation of images under the visual communication of digital technology, so that the fight “epidemic” images have become historical witnesses and development tracks.
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Astutik, Puji Widi. "Framing Pemberitaan Citra Politik Capres 2014 di Harian Solopos." Jurnal The Messenger 7, no. 2 (March 24, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v7i2.292.
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<p><em>The article tries to find out the construction of the image formation in the daily Solopos 2014 candidates. Basic theoretically in this paper uses descriptive analysis method with a form of text analysis models Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki through four units of analysis, syntax, script, thematic, and Rhetorical. Framing analysis is used to see how the image formation through the political news in the Daily Solopos 2014 candidates. Through this analysis can be found that the construction of a shadow image (mirror image) performed on the outlook for both candidates figure formed by the track record of each kandindat. Joko Widodo figure in the frame with the figure of the fight for the people and work for the people, while the figure Prabowo has a bad track record as it is considered to participate in the abduction tragedy in which 98 activists at that time as a military Prabowo.</em></p>
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Taskaeva, Anna. "Peculiarities of Heroization of Health Care Workers in the Mass Media Discourse during a Pandemic." Philology & Human, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2021)2-02.
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The article examines the linguistic features of the heroization of medical workers in the mass media discourse during the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection. During the fight against the spread of the coronavirus, doctors acquired the status of heroes. The heroic image of a doctor who is at the forefront of the fight against a new threat is fully expressed in various discursive and non-discursive constructs: mass media discourse, creolized texts, photo and video materials, comments from users of the Internet services, etc. The headlines of publications, the names of projects, competitions, and actions indicate the heroization of doctors. The process of heroization is also implemented in creolized texts of social advertising. The main linguistic means of heroization is metaphorization: the doctor is represented as a soldier in war, a superhero, a guardian angel. So, in the studied texts, the fight against the coronavirus is metaphorically represented as a war, medical personnel – as soldiers fighting with weapons in their hands against a terrible enemy – the virus, the walls of a medical institution – as a battlefield. As a result of the study, it is revealed that there is a tendency to local heroization and concretization of the heroic on the examples of real people
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Ahmeti, Dr Sc Skender, BSc Feste Gjonbalaj, BSc Ejona Blyta, and BSc Laura Lumezi. "Corruption and Economic Development." ILIRIA International Review 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v2i1.164.
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There is no sustainable economic development without a functioning rule of law. Besides sustainable economic policies like low interest rates, low inflation, low budget deficit, reasonable taxes and economic freedom for business development, the necessary ones for country’s economic growth are functioning of state institutions, support and development of reforms as well as successful fight against corruption.Corruption is a phenomena often encountered and spread in countries that have problems with rule of law as well as with judiciary system. Corruption manifestation is inevitable in circumstances when state institutions are weak. The phenomena is especially problematic in countries that go through transition periods since these countries are often characterized as nonefficient in fighting this phenomena1 . Countries in transition continue to have the image of countries with high level of corruption, which causes serious crisis from local opinion and continuous demand from international community due to the unsuccessful fight against this malevolence.World Bank considers corruption as the biggest obstacle in the fight for poverty eradication, since it undermines the rule of law, weakens state institutions and most of all it affects the poor. Politically, it undermines democracy and good governance, economic equal growth and development, as well as people’s trust in state institutions.Lately, several anti-corruption laws have been adopted in Kosovo, but they have not been implemented in practice and were not sufficient in fight against corruption. Kosovo’s long lasting dream of integrating in European Union, necessarily demands to built and functionalize anti-corruptive measures with priority, as a fundamental precondition for EU pre-accession process
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Burocchi, Aurea Marin, and Diego De Lima Dias. "O Espírito Santo e a política." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 78, no. 310 (February 5, 2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v78i310.787.
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Livre da corrupção, a política é o meio pelo qual o homem tem a possibilidade de relacionar-se com os demais, lutar por seus direitos, conhecer os seus deveres, promover a justiça e construir laços afetivos. O homem, imagem e semelhança de seu Criador, é chamado a ser com o mundo o que Deus Trindade é: relação, amor, comunidade. O Espírito que habita o ser humano o conduz à vida relacional, à política! Pensar a Trindade no mundo e atuante na história por meio do Espírito dado em Pentecostes, que conduz as boas relações em prol da justiça, da amizade, do amor e que suscita luta, indignação e transformação, é o objetivo deste artigo.Abstract: Free of corruption, politics is the means by which the man has the possibility to relate with others, fight for his rights, know his duties, promote the justice and construct emotional ties. The man, image and likeness of your Creator, is called to be with the world what Trinity God is: relationship, love, community. The spirit that resides in the human leads to relational life, to politics. Think the Trinity in the world and present on history through the Spirit given at Pentecost, and lead the good relationships in favor of the justice, the friendship, the love and gives rise to fight, indignation and transformation it’s the purpose of this article.Keywords: God; Holly Spirit; Trinity; Politics; Relationships.
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Opreţ, Laura-Anca, Florin Marius Turcaş, Florin-Cornel Dumiter, and Petre Brezeanu. "Tax evasion between fraud and legality." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sues-2017-0013.
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Abstract This paper focuses on detailing the general coordinates regarding tax evasion and the necessity of creating a common unitary European legal framework. Accounting information might mirror erroneously in a certain measure the micro to macroeconomic tendency of fraud by showing a gross image of available resources. It is of the utmost importance to become fully aware of causes for illicit practices, ways to fight any fraud attempts and to evaluate the accounting mechanism that both creates and identifies tax evasion.
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Franck, Dierk, and Alexander Ribowski. "Influences of Prior Agonistic Experiences On Aggression Measures in the Male Swordtail (Xiphophorus Helleri)." Behaviour 103, no. 1-3 (1987): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853987x00369.
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AbstractThe influences of prior agonistic experience on the aggressive behaviour of swordtail males were studied in standardized aggression tests. In the "standard-opponent" test the test subject fights against a much smaller opponent behind a transparent partition, whereas in the mirror test it attacks its own mirror image. Both tests are appropriate to measure mean biting rates in an adequate sample of individuals. If reproducible estimates of the aggressiveness of single individuals are needed, the mirror test is the most appropriate method, for it gives correlation coefficients up to 0.96 between a first and a second measurement. When fish had been involved in a series of escalating activities without final decision of the encounters, in subsequent mirror tests their biting frequencies were elevated for at least 24 h after the last fight. Winning a rank order fight led to an increase and losing to a decrease in biting frequency 24 h later. By contrast, after social settlement in a long-term stabilized social hierarchy the relation is totally reversed: Dominant males showed much lower biting frequencies than subordinate males in the mirror test. The hypothesis is proposed that even under natural conditions high ranking males tend to use their energy potential in a more economic way than low ranking males. The existence of rank-dependent fighting strategies could be due to differences in risk: The fighting activities of dominant males are extremely risky because they can lose their high social status, which inevitably would lead to a lowered genetic fitness, whereas the aggressive actions of subordinate males are not very risky because their social status is low anyway.
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Arina Rohmatul Hidayah and Moch. Mukhlison. "Commodification In Public Sphere; The Fight Of Ideology Through Social Media." Jurnal Kopis: Kajian Penelitian dan Pemikiran Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam 3, no. 01 (August 30, 2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33367/kpi.v3i01.1578.
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This paper wants to present a critical perspective in reading the discourse that has been played on social media in the last few days. With literature review method, the KPK Taliban is a form of discourse in which ideological values which are basically the principle of a person or group in determining the direction and purpose of how to proceed, are modified in such a way as to be sold or made into public commodities for political interests. The use of the term Taliban which is associated with hardline of Islam, wants to form an Islamic government in accordance with Islamic laws, is considered have a high 'selling power' so that it can be used to reduce the image of KPK as a law enforcement agency. Like a word, every journalist will try to make interesting headline to get a high view of readers. This term can seem to describe that there has been an internal radicalization in KPK that has created a system of eradicating selective corruption based on the ideology of investigator. From this point of view, social media can be said to be an easy facilitator to explore discourses of this kind. Due to the absence of a gate keeper or news editor, anyone who has an interest in them is free to release any statement even if it is not accompanied by valid data. Even rational and critical discussions such as the basic concept of public sphere are transformed into irrational
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Zakharova, Evgenia A. "From Front National to Ressemblement National in France: Rebranding the Party Image." RUDN Journal of Political Science 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-3-475-486.
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On the 1st June 2018 Front National changed its name to Rassemblement National - a measure to break away from antisemitism and anti-Islamism, to create a better party image. However, the old symbol - the flame - has been preserved as a tribute to old guard of the part, and Marine Le Pens presidential campaign statements were transferred to the partys new website unchanged. The aim of this article is to examine if the party changed its agenda after re-branding or if it remained a formality. The research question is whether the party tries to attract electorate by changing its political course or it leaves the main ideas intact. Author tries to address the research question by using document analysis method and comparative analysis of the partys programs. Though the party no longer calls for fighting Muslim-migrants and focuses on economic issues, author concludes, that it still aims at promoting assimilation policy which is a milder version of fight against migrants coming from other cultures.
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Ženková Rudincová, Kateřina. "Celebrities’ Role in the Conflict Resolution Processes: George Clooney in South Sudan." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v8i2.304.
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The present article discusses the role of celebrities in the conflict resolution processes presented by the case study of George Clooney’s engagement in South Sudan. Methodologically, it is a critical discourse analysis of published articles in selected media. The main argument of the article is that the role of celebrities in conflict resolution processes is overestimated by media and the image of celebrities’ involvement reproduces stereotyped understanding of distant regions as lacking agency and dependent on the actors from the West. The image of Clooney’s role in the South Sudanese peace process creates an idea that celebrities have been crucial actors in this process. The present article brings critical new insights on the engagement of celebrities, including the fight against the violation of human rights and points out the corruption of South Sudanese politicians.
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Amirov, Valery. "The Unified Image of the Soviet Woman in Wartime Newspaper Discourse Markers." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 5 (January 2021): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.5.13.
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The purpose of the article is to study the system of lexical markers, characteristic of female image formation in the Soviet media of the Great Patriotic War period. Critical discourse analysis method is applied to investigating the leading Soviet newspapers publications devoted to the role of women in the Great Patriotic War. In total over 300 publications issued during 1941–1943 were selected for analysis according to keywords and thematic relevance. The system of lexical markers, comprising the unified female image creation ways, is defined and analyzed. Ideology domination and militarization are noted to have been essential for unified image formation in the Soviet newspaper discourse of the Great Patriotic War period. The paper reveals the markers that reflect the dynamics of female image transformation: from a rear toiler replacing the man who had left for the front in the first period, to the soldier, the woman capable of taking the place of the fallen fighter in next war period. Classification and description of the markers are presented. The author points out, that the unified image is viewed as the 'image-function' deprived of characteristic female features, traditionally represented in journalistic texts. A conclusion is drawn upon designing the unified 'image-function': it was worked out only pursuing propaganda goals, with the main one – mobilization of women on fight against the enemy threatening the very existence of the state.
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McIntyre, Kevin. "Geography as Destiny: Cities, Villages and Khmer Rouge Orientalism." Comparative Studies in Society and History 38, no. 4 (October 1996): 730–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041750002051x.
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“The red, red blood splatters the cities and plains,” cried the national anthem of Democratic Kampuchea. “The blood spills out into great indignation and a resolute urge to fight,” it “liberates us from slavery.” The image in the anthem was not simply symbolic. Upon taking power in April 1975, the Khmer Rouge emptied the cities and towns of Cambodia, initiating a three-year regime of terror that leveled the country economically, culturally, and physically. In this typhoon of tragedy, nearly two million people died, swept aside in a whirlwind of social upheaval.
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Sentana, Yuli Mahmudah. "THE LURE OF THE IMAGE KEBOHONGAN PADA NARASI PEREMPUAN DALAM SYNGUE SABOUR PIERRE DE PATIENCE KARYA ATIQ RAHIMI." Jurnal POETIKA 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.15493.
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This study aims to determine the position of the author in women narration. With Rahimi’s background as a feminist, he said that with his novel he voiced the voices of Afghan women. Rahimi offered a strong female figure in the middle of the patriarchal shackles who is able to fight the system. The problem of this study is Rahimi’s ambiguity in narrating women. To determine the position of the author, the research uses the concept of the lure of the image belongs to Lidia Curti. The lure of the image is an offer provided by the author to give positions to women that are in fact not provided by them. Based on the research conducted, the results show that Rahimi keeps women as objects in a patriarchal world. In this case he is not able to pull the women out of the patriarchal zone. The space given to women by Rahimi reinforces male power. What Rahimi written in this novel is the lure of the image according to Curti’s concept which explains it as an image of women given by author or known as female gaze.
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Sentana, Yuli Mahmudah. "THE LURE OF THE IMAGE KEBOHONGAN PADA NARASI PEREMPUAN DALAM SYNGUE SABOUR PIERRE DE PATIENCE KARYA ATIQ RAHIMI." Poetika 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v4i2.15493.
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This study aims to determine the position of the author in women narration. With Rahimi’s background as a feminist, he said that with his novel he voiced the voices of Afghan women. Rahimi offered a strong female figure in the middle of the patriarchal shackles who is able to fight the system. The problem of this study is Rahimi’s ambiguity in narrating women. To determine the position of the author, the research uses the concept of the lure of the image belongs to Lidia Curti. The lure of the image is an offer provided by the author to give positions to women that are in fact not provided by them. Based on the research conducted, the results show that Rahimi keeps women as objects in a patriarchal world. In this case he is not able to pull the women out of the patriarchal zone. The space given to women by Rahimi reinforces male power. What Rahimi written in this novel is the lure of the image according to Curti’s concept which explains it as an image of women given by author or known as female gaze.
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Singh, Dr Abha. "Space and Identity of Women in Indian English Writings." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10134.
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The women’s studies have been receiving increasing academic and disciplinary recognition throughout the globe. The writers are determined to narrate, respond and react to the place of women in society. The purpose of the present paper is to redefine the image of women in post colonial Indian English literature. The post colonial Indian English writers focus on major issues relating to woman such as her awakening to the realization of her individuality, her breaking away with the traditional image. The transformation of the idealized women into an assertive self willed woman, searching and discovering her true self is described by various Indian Writers like Anita Desai, Sashi Deshpande, Nayantara Sahgal, Bharati Mukherjee, Kamla Markandaya, Manju Kapoor and many others have depicted females who are not silent sufferers but have learnt to fight against injustice and humiliation.
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Karami, Negin, Sohila Faghfori, and Esmaeil Zohdi. "The Image of Woman as Motherhood in Rabindranath Tagore’s Gora." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0609.17.
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This article evaluates the image of a traditional Indian motherhood in Gora written by Rabindranath Tagore. In Gora, Tagore portrays a divine mother and a goddess as well as the conception of the central character in relation to development of social, political, religious, and economical decisions of male. Yet, he insists that woman has the important roles in man’s life and she should make the best identity for her own life in the family or in the larger society. However, This essay can be read as the ideology of a feminine ideal that compares nature of India motherland with mother of everyone in all aspects of life but it examines distinctions between Tagore and Wollstonecraft concerning women’s role as mothers within the family because as a feminist she argues that the rights of women are demanded within the republic. In order to explore Rabindranath Tagore’s treatment of motherhood, Virginia Woolf’s perspective will be analyzed in respect to her feministic approach. So, disregarding how Tagore demonstrates the idea of words, Woolf realizes ideal of motherhood was essential in women’s life and develops a female atmosphere in which women portray their status in the real world and fight against their patriarchal mother.
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Köhler, Ulrike Kristina. "Harry Potter – National Hero and National Heroic Epic." International Research in Children's Literature 4, no. 1 (July 2011): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2011.0004.
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Joanne K. Rowling's teenage wizard has enchanted readers all over the globe and Harry Potter can truly be called an international hero. However, as I will argue, he is also very much an English national hero, complying with the national auto-image of the English gentleman as well as with the idea of Christian masculinity, another English auto-image holding that outdoor activity is more character-building than book learning. I will also show that the series can be read as a national heroic epic in two respects. First, Harry Potter, alias Robin Hood, has to fight the Norman yoke, an English myth haunting the nation since the Norman invasion in 1066. The series displays as a national model an apparently paternalistic Anglo-Saxon feudal society marked by tolerance and liberty as opposed to foreign rule. Second, by establishing parallels to events which took place in Nazi Germany, the series takes up the idea of fighting it, which is a popular topos in British (children's) literature which serves to reinforce a positive self-image.
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E. Marshall, Catherine, Christina O. Lengyel, and Verena H. Menec. "Body image and body work among older women: a review." Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care 7, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eihsc-11-2013-0042.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on body image and aging among older women. Using existing qualitative research, this paper explores how aging affects body image and how women respond to body image issues as they age. Design/methodology/approach – Multiple databases were used to locate original and review articles on the topics of body image and aging, with a target population of women ages 60 years and older. The findings of the literature search were compiled, summarized and sorted to create themes. Findings – Women struggle with body image issues throughout their lives. Women tend to perceive age-related changes in appearance negatively, as a threat to their identity and social value. This is due, in part, to the sociocultural environment, which pressures women to “fight” aging and maintain an ideal (young and thin) image at all costs. Some women do come to terms with their aging body and report increased self-acceptance with age. However, others turn to various forms of body work (e.g. dieting, hair dye, makeup) in order to maintain their value in an appearance-based society. Practical implications – Poor body image can affect older women's emotional, psychological and physical health and overall well-being. Health care professionals, community workers and policy makers need to be made aware of these issues so that they can respond appropriately. Originality/value – There has been limited research exploring body image among older women. This paper identifies gaps in the literature and suggests avenues for future research in this area.
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Oliveira, Rui F., José M. Simões, Magda C. Teles, Catarina R. Oliveira, Jorg D. Becker, and João S. Lopes. "Assessment of fight outcome is needed to activate socially driven transcriptional changes in the zebrafish brain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 5 (January 19, 2016): E654—E661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514292113.
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Group living animals must be able to express different behavior profiles depending on their social status. Therefore, the same genotype may translate into different behavioral phenotypes through socially driven differential gene expression. However, how social information is translated into a neurogenomic response and what are the specific cues in a social interaction that signal a change in social status are questions that have remained unanswered. Here, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that the switch between status-specific neurogenomic states relies on the assessment of fight outcome rather than just on self- or opponent-only assessment of fighting ability. For this purpose, we manipulated the perception of fight outcome in male zebrafish and measured its impact on the brain transcriptome using a zebrafish whole genome gene chip. Males fought either a real opponent, and a winner and a loser were identified, or their own image on a mirror, in which case, despite expressing aggressive behavior, males did not experience either a victory or a defeat. Massive changes in the brain transcriptome were observed in real opponent fighters, with losers displaying both a higher number of differentially expressed genes and of coexpressed gene modules than winners. In contrast, mirror fighters expressed a neurogenomic state similar to that of noninteracting fish. The genes that responded to fight outcome included immediate early genes and genes involved in neuroplasticity and epigenetic modifications. These results indicate that, even in cognitively simple organisms such as zebrafish, neurogenomic responses underlying changes in social status rely on mutual assessment of fighting ability.