Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Imagerie par désorption laser'
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Thiery, Gwendoline. "Imagerie par désorption laser/spectrométrie de masse de multiples marqueurs spécifiques : développement de la technique TAMSIM "Targeted Multiplex Mass Spectrometry Imaging"." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066253.
Full textMallah, Khalil. "In depth systemic biology analysis of central nervous system injuries." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1S108/document.
Full textIn the context of studying biological alterations occurring post impact to the central nervous system, my thesis was focused on studying the proteomic and lipid changes occurring post injury to the brain and spinal cord. A fundamental spatio-temporal study was conducted on an open-head rat TBI model to identify potential injury-specific markers. Using MALDI MSI, we performed 3D reconstruction of the injured brain at 3 days after injury and depicted lesion-specific m/z lipid molecules. After, MALDI MSI was applied on the acute/sub-acute time frame post impact: 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 10 days. In parallel, a microproteomic analysis was carried out on tissue segments directly consecutive to the imaged ones in an approach to correlate both lipid and protein changes. Our results yielded the identification of a family of lipids, acylcarnitines, which are expressed within the injured cortex with maximum intensity 3 days post impact. These lipid molecules also were found to be expressed in the substantia nigra and microproteomics data showed an upregulation in expression of Parkinson’s related proteins. Taken altogether, our results depict a role of link between mild-TBI and Parkinson’s disease as early as 3 days post impact, with a possible role of acylcarnitine. This same family of molecules was also present in SCI. In a therapeutic approach previous results showed RhoA protein as a major candidate post impact in SCI. After using RhoA inhibitor treatment, a proteomic study was carried out to investigate its impact on SCI. The results showed that both in-vivo and in-vitro treatment with RhoA inhibitor stimulated neurite outgrowth and helped in axonal regeneration
Manuelli, Pascal. "Etude des mécanismes de la désorption : ionisation laser assistée par matrice." Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/Manuelli.Pascal.SMZ9520.pdf.
Full textThis report on the mechanisms of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) was realized in mass spectrometry laboratory at Metz'university. This research field appeared in the laboratory after the development of biomolecules analyses by mass spectrometry and the experience stored for fifteen years on "laser desorption". We decomposed the different states of a MALDI experiment for a better understanding of this ionization process. By using some model compounds (as peptides, nucleotides,. . . ) we have studied more precisely the interaction between a laser beam and the different matrices. This allow us to show the great role of small neutral molecules (e. G. Carbone dioxide,. . . ) which are ejected in the plume after the laser pulse. Then, some derivative and complexes of cyclodextrins have been studied. This part is necessary to explain first the interaction between matrix and target molecules and secondly the dependance on the laser wavelength. Thank's to the MALDI technique we can highlight both both structural differences in intact inclusion complexes characterization
Shenar, Nawar. "Spectrométrie de masse par désorption/ionisation laser de peptides modèles : applications en protéomique." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20150.
Full textWitomski, Arnaud. "Imagerie laser à synthèse d'ouverture par réinjection optique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00144904.
Full textNous présentons ensuite dans ce mémoire le dispositif LOFI en régime paramétrique soumis à une modulation de pompage. Nous présentons l'analyse d'un laser soumis de manière synchronisée à une réinjection optique décalée en fréquence et une modulation de pompage et nous montrons qu'il est possible d'amplifier paramétriquement le signal rétrodiffusé par la cible. Nous validons cette analyse par des résultats numériques et expérimentaux et nous démontrons qu'il est possible de déterminer la quantité de lumière réinjectée dans le laser.
Sanchez, Nadine. "Contribution à l'étude de la désorption laser in situ de médicaments : cas de l'amiodarone." Metz, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1990/Sanchez.Nadine.SMZ9010.pdf.
Full textFournier, Isabelle. "Contributions à l'étude des mécanismes physicochimiques impliqués dans la désorption : ionisation laser assistée par matrice." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066171.
Full textPoupinet, Ludovic. "Imagerie laser par synthese d'ouverture : theorie et validation experimentale." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112158.
Full textMARTIN, DIDIER. "Propagation d'ondes et imagerie en milieux anisotropes par laser ultrasons." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077185.
Full textKotanian, Christelle. "Mécanismes d'ionisation en phase gazeuse et par désorption : cas de la source MAB et de la désorption laser assistée par nanotubes de carbone : application à l'analyse de toxines et d'acides gras." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066451.
Full textDutouquet, Christophe. "Processus physico-chimiques dans des plasmas d'ablation laser : étude par spectroscopie d'émission, d'absorption et par imagerie de fluorescence induite par laser." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2069.
Full textBellet, Jean-Baptiste. "Identification par imagerie laser d'un objet dissimulé - Aspects mathématiques et numériques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00549386.
Full textVincent, Nathalie. "Imagerie tridimensionnelle par telemetrie laser : application a la robotique de manipulation." Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE2026.
Full textJamette, Pascal. "Imagerie de NO par fluorescence induite par laser dans un moteur à allumage commandé." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-273.pdf.
Full textMoriaux, Anne-Laure. "Étude de la désorption du CO2 dans l’espace de tête d’un verre de champagne par spectrométrie laser infrarouge." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS018/document.
Full textThe effervescence Champagne phenomenon is the obvious visual manifestation of dissolved carbon dioxide gas desorption process. Besides the formation of bubbles during this transitional phase degassing, CO2 in solution will also escape by diffusion through the free surface (air / champagne interface). It is an invisible desorption process of dissolved CO2, much more difficult to quantify. For fifteen years now, we have lead researches to provide scientific and objective elements which contribute to a better knowledge of each bubble life stage in a glass of champagne: nucleation, ascension, bursting. These gas bubbles may contain volatile aromatic molecules which will gradually escape champagne during a tasting. The CO2 interactions with volatile organic (aromatic) compounds, such as ethanol, and the possible effect of excess or deficit of CO2 during a tasting have been the subject to any analytical work. A first step in understanding the role of CO2 necessarily requires its precise dosage in the headspace above a glass of champagne. The detection and measurement of gaseous CO2 will be based on measurements by laser spectrometry well mastered at the GSMA for the measurement of atmospheric CO2. Thanks to laser technological advance, a preliminary work (Maxime Mulier’s thesis, 2009) allowed to establish an infrared laser spectrometer capable to detect the CO2 gas diffusion at the top of glass of champagne. The ECOCHAMP project will allow the improvement of the spectrometer intially developed at the GSMA, to be closer to the actual conditions of tasting and determine the CO2 gas concentration accurately, noninvasively and nondestructively. The determination of the ethanol concentration, a major volatile organic compound in wine, will also be carried out above the glass thanks to the infrared laser spectrometer improvements. We will study many parameters which can influence the CO2 and ethanol perception during a tasting: the influence of the pouring method, the angle of the glass, the glass shape, the volume of served wine, the wine temperature, the sparkling conditions, etc ... In parallel, the dissolved CO2 gradual release out of a champagne will be monitor by micro-weighed (GSMA) and by visualization using thermography infrared (GRESPI). The results should allow a major advance in understanding desorption phenomena of CO2 and ethanol out of a champagne. These data will be obtained in conditions very close to the actual tasting conditions and will be compared to sensory evaluations performed by a taste panel (experienced and inexperienced). By varying the parameters relative to service conditions, we could well be able to map the gas space above a glass of champagne, according to the concentrations of two molecules which play a leading role during a tasting: CO2 and ethanol
Ruf, Hartmut. "Dynamique moléculaire par imagerie attoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803390.
Full textBARANGER, Philippe. "Détection du kérosène par imagerie de fluorescence induite par laser, pour application sur foyer aéronautique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009189.
Full textLAMOULIE, ALAIN. "Cartographie de flammes par deux techniques optiques : imagerie spectrale multiplex et spectroscopie par diode laser." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066286.
Full textBaranger, Philippe. "Détection du kérozène par imagerie de fluorescence induite par laser, pour application sur foyer aéronautique." Paris 11, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009189.
Full textThe new concepts of aeronautical engines, developed to follow the evolution of the european standards of pollution, are generally based on an improvement of the processes of liquid fuel injection and mixture in the combustion chamber. There is currently no model mature enough to work without experimental validation. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the possibility of measuring the kerosene (jet a1) vapour distribution by plif (planar laser induced fluorescence). That measurement technique must quantitatively image the instantaneous concentrations fields of the vaporized fuel in a spray. The implementation of such a technique needs an experimental spectroscopic study, which was realized on the vapour of fuel. First of all, this study allowed us to determine the properties of the kerosene fluorescence spectrum versus physical parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas mixture composition, especially in presence of oxygen molecules. Then, it was shown that the fluorescence spectrum of the fuel could be reproduce in all physical conditions by a single mixture of four aromatics. Their photophysical properties were also analyzed. Following this spectroscopic study, a phenomenological model for the fluorescence of the gaseous fuel was set up. This model led us to a protocol for an optical diagnostic on this fuel vapour. An experiment was set up to test the implementation and the limits of this technique in simple laboratory conditions. This experiment confirmed that this is indeed a promising technique for the diagnostic of the fuel vapour in aeronautical engine
Gonthiez, Thierry. "Etude de la réactivité induite par laser de l'ammoniac sur une surface de silicium." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2071.
Full textTassali, Nawal. "IRM moléculaire à base de xénon hyperpolarisé par laser." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0030.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a high importance in medicine as it enables the observation of the organs inside the body without the use of radiative or invasive techniques. However it is known to suffer from poor sensitivity. To circumvent this limitation, a key solution resides in the use of hyperpolarized species. Among the entities with which we can drastically increase nuclear polarization, xenon has very specific properties through its interactions with its close environment that lead to a wide chemical shift bandwidth. The goal is thus to use it as a tracer. This PhD thesis focuses on the concept of 129Xe MRI-based sensors for the detection of biological events. In this approach, hyperpolarized xenon is vectorized to biological targets via functionalized host systems, and then localized thanks to fast dedicated MRI sequences. The conception and set-up of a spin-exchange optical pumping device is first described. Then studies about the interaction of the hyperpolarized noble gas with new cryptophanes susceptible to constitute powerful host molecules are detailed. Also the implementation of recent MRI sequences optimized for the transient character of the hyperpolarization and taking profit of the xenon in-out exchange is described. Applications of this approach for the detection of metallic ions and cellular receptors are studied. Finally, our first in vivo results on a small animal model are presented
Kieleck, Christelle. "Imagerie de fluorescence induite par laser : application à la reconnaissance des groupes de macroalgues." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2049.
Full textVigneau, Jean-Nicolas. "Dynamique d'ionisation dissociative du dihydrogène soumis à un champ laser intense." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66574.
Full textGautier, Pierre. "Dosage des polluants NO et CO par imagerie de fluorescence induite par laser dans les écoulements réactifs." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR26/document.
Full textThis PhD work is to develop a quantitative imaging technique for measurements of the concentration of pollutants in reactive flows. On one hand, the concern was to develop the NO fluorescence imaging technique. For this purpose, an n-level fluorescence model was first developed to calculate the behavior of fluorescence signals with temperature, species concentration, and pressure. Then this model was validated with fluorescence and absorption measurements acquired in an optical cell up to 800 K and to 20 bar and in a high-pressure laminar burner. From this model, a strategy used to measure the instantaneous NO distribution in a stratified flame was defined. Then, a similar study to detect CO with fluorescence was then investigated. Two-photon fluorescence measurements were performed in the optical cell and in a flame. The results make clear that the spectroscopic diagnostic becomes operational with the need to improve the performances of propulsion systems
Panier, Thomas. "Imagerie par nappe laser de l'activité neuronale dans l'ensemble du cerveau d'un poisson-zèbre." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979762.
Full textVilmart, Gautier. "Détection de vapeurs d'atomes métalliques par fluorescence induite par laser (LIF) : application à la propulsion solide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS523/document.
Full textDuring the PhD thesis, high-speed laser induced fluorescence (LIF) of two metallic atoms (Al and Fe) is presented, in order to use them as fluorescent markers in solid propellant flames, where they are naturally present. LIF measurements are first performed inside two different evaporation chambers used to generate aluminum vapors in controlled conditions over a broad pressure and temperature range. A theoretical model of the LIF process is elaborated and applied to both atoms in order to calculate the signal quenching rate as a function of pressure and temperature. Unavailable collisional data are determined theoretically for Fe and experimentally for Al. Energy transfer and collisional broadening coefficients are determined experimentally for the Al atom in pure nitrogen environment. Study of the signal level of Al as a function of laser intensity is undertaken to measure saturation thresholds in N₂, He and Ar as a function of pressure. The model is used to properly reproduce the temporal and spectral profiles, though some approximations and limitations remain. A first application of high-speed LIF imaging to the measurement of aluminum in a solid propellant flame (10 bar , 3000 K) is demonstrated. It allows us to clearly visualize reactive aluminum droplets in the flame and to follow their evolution in the flame
Baouche, Saoud. "Formation d'hydrogène moléculaire sur des surfaces d'intérêt astrophysique : premiers résultats sur des glaces d'eau à très basse température et sur le graphite à haute température." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066361.
Full textGault, Baptiste. "Physique de l’évaporation par effet de champ assistée par impulsions laser ultracourtes : Application à la sonde atomique." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES047.
Full textThe tomographic atom probe is an analytical microscope able to map the atom distribution in three dimensions with a near-atomic resolution. The atoms are chemically identified by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This technique could become a key-tool in the development of the future devices of the nanoelectronics. However, the field of applications is limited to good conducting material. This work is the first stage of the development of a new generation of laser assisted atom probe, that could analyse either good or poorly conducting material, with an enhanced field of view. We studied the physics of the interaction between an ultrafast laser pulse and a sub-wavelength metal tip, in order to determine the process that provokes the ultrafast laser assisted field evaportaion. Through a complete study of the laser ablation or of the field enhancement phenomenon, we put into evidence that the evaporation was due to a surface second-order non-linear optical effect called optical rectification. The heating and cooling of the illuminated tip was modelled and experimentally studied by a pump-probe method. Finally, the performances of this new instrument are discussed : the spatial resolution is kept, and the mass resolution is generally greatly increased. It seems that poorly conducting material can also be analysed
Cassat, Pierre. "Détermination des mécanismes d'action de deux agents de mouture du ciment par désorption laser couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à transformée de Fourier." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Cassat.Pierre.SMZ9845.pdf.
Full textCement, which never ceases to develop since antiquity, is probably one of the most useful material of our society. We have brought one's mind to bear on a primeval step of the cement industrial manufacture: the grinding. However, this essential step is one of the most energy consumers. By adding organic molecules to the grinding media, cement makers have reached to decrease this accomplishment. Unfortunately, their mechanisms of action are misunderstood. It is in this application field that Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry should bring answers. These technique, which make up a complementary analytical tool in the cement chemistry should be weil adapted to the in situ identification of grinding aids or to detect eventual degradation compounds produced by grinding. First, we will states about the knowledge and the theories on the mechanisms of action of grinding aids. Moreover we will discuss about usual quantity determination techniques of these compounds in cement. Second, we will develop laser desorption apply to in situ detection of two grinding aids in the four clinker constitutive phases. Third, application of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation, usually used for the proteins and nucleic acid detection, will allow us to understand the nature of interaction between grinding aids and clinker minerai phases. Finally, alkylation technique development of polar compounds by thermally assisted pyrolysis, gas chromatography will complete analytical deviee implemented as part as our works, particularly to propose grinding aids quantity determination
Irimiea, Cornelia. "Characterization of soot particles and their precursors by coupling laser-based techniques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10066.
Full textCombustion impacts many important aspects of our life like the air quality, the local and global climate and the use of energy sources. In the last decades, an outstanding progress towards cleaner combustion has been achieved. However, the reaction pathways leading to the formation of some pollutants, especially particulate matter (soot) resulting from incomplete combustion, are still elusive. In this work, we aim to investigate specific aspects of soot and its precursors formation in laboratory flames for a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms leading from the gas phase up to the mature particulate found in the exhausts. This objective is also pursued in field-campaigns to assess the potential impact of soot surface properties on the environment. Following this approach, experimental techniques like in-situ laser induced incandescence and fluorescence, and ex-situ laser desorption and secondary ion mass spectrometry are used to target specific properties of soot and its precursors. Notably, the evolution of the complex refractive index of soot is measured as a function of soot maturity, and the implications on both the flame physico-chemistry and the analytical techniques applicability are discussed. Additionally, a new detection method for soot and precursors based on simultaneous excitation at one wavelength is developed. In parallel, two campaigns are dedicated to the analysis of the surface chemistry of soot sampled from airplane and car exhausts. Statistical methods as multivariate analysis are used to identify patterns and differences within sets of samples by assessing the influence of the combustion parameters or the role of the fuel
Crotti, Caroline. "Chirurgie du segment antérieur de l'oeil et traitement du glaucome par laser femtoseconde et imagerie de tomographie par cohérence optique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655580.
Full textAli, Muhammad. "Etude d'un nouveau dispositif de bioimpression par laser." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0070/document.
Full textLaser-based approaches are among the pioneering works in cell printing. These techniques are being extensively focussed for two or three-dimensional structures of any size in transferring pattern materials including deposition of 3D biological constructs. In this context, Laser-Assisted Bioprinting (LAB), based on Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) has emerged as a nozzleless method to surmount the drawbacks (e.g. clogging) of inkjet printing technologies. LAB is a laser direct-write technique that offers printing micropatterns with high spatial resolution from a wide range of solid or liquid materials, such as dielectrics, biomaterials and living cells. The technique enables controlled transfer of droplets onto a receiving substrate. A typical LAB setup comprises three key components: (i) a pulsed laser source, (ii) a ribbon coated with the material to be transferred and (iii) a receiving substrate. The ribbon integrates three layers: (i) a quartz disk support transparent to laser wavelength, (ii) a thin (1–100 nm) absorbing layer (like Ti or Au), and (iii) a bioink layer (few tens of microns) incorporating the material to print. The receiving substrate is faced to the bioink and placed at 100 μm to 1 mm distance from the ribbon. Rapid thermal expansion of metallic layer (on absorbing laser pulse) propels a small volume (~pL) of the ink towards a receiving substrate. Such a metallic interlayer eliminates direct interaction between the laser beam and the bioink. Volume of deposited material depends linearly on the laser pulse energy, and that a minimum threshold energy is required for microdroplet ejection. The thickness of the absorbing layer, viscosity and thickness of the bioink, different optical parameters such as the focus spot and the laser fluence are the controlling parameters to obtain a microscopic resolution and to limit the shock inflicted on the ejected cells. In our research works, we considered experimental approach to study the physical mechanism involved in the LAB using a time-resolved imaging method in order to gain a better insight into the dynamics of the transfer process and to use the technique for printing biomaterials. First we designed and implemented a novel configuration of LAB for upward printing. Then we characterized different ejection regimes to define suitable conditions for bioprinting. We further explored jetting window to study the influence of laser energy on jet dynamics. Ejection dynamics has been investigated by temporal evolution of the liquid jet for their potential use in cell printing. In addition parametric studies like effect of viscosity and printing distance on the morphology of the printed drops were conducted to explore jetting “window”. This configuration allows debris-free printing of fragile bioinks with extremely smooth and uniform edges at larger separation distance (ranging from 3 to 10mm). Material criteria required for realization of the cell printing are discussed and supported by experimental observations obtained by TRI investigation of cell printing from donors with different cell concentrations. These results provide key insights into optimization and better control of transfer mechanism of LAB. Finally, in the light of these studies, a comprehensive mechanism is proposed for printing micro-drops by LAB
Vignolo, Corinne. "Application des techniques de lecture par chauffage laser de plaques thermoluminescentes pour l'autoradiographie." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30083.
Full textMazumder, Baishakhi. "Physics of the field evaporation of poor conducting materials in the Laser assisted Atom Probe Tomography." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES039.
Full textThe laser assisted atom probe tomography is a 3D nanoanalysing technique which gives information in the atomistic scale with sub nanometre spatial resolution. The physical phenomena underlying the field evaporation of poor conductive material is very complex due to the electronic structure of these types of materials. This work deals with the field evaporation study of poor conductive materials starting from semiconductors (Si, SiC, GaAs and InP= to insulating oxides (MgO, TiO2, and HfO2). The surface atoms from the tip shaped specimen are ionized by a standing electric field and the interaction of a femto-laser beam with the tip. The laser tip interaction increases the tip temperature locally, enabling the evaporation of surface atoms. Analyses are done varying different laser parameters (wavelength, energy, etc. ) to understand the underlying evaporation mechanism. Representative models have been developed to support our experimental results. The influence of wavelength and laser energy on the evaporation mechanisms of semiconductors and oxides are determined taking into account the influernce of optical absorption, band bending effect, etc. Various complex and diversified physical phenomena were observed ands understood during this study. Systematic studies, determining the analytical conditions for field evaporation of non conducting materials are evaluated to help future researchers working in related fields. Specifically one of the key factors is the surface optical absorption and the subsequent evaluation of the electron phonon coupling leading to thermal effects. The present thesis is a modest attempt to understand the field evaporation behaviour under femtosecond laser pulse and the physics involved in this framework by experimental results and corresponding interpretation
Roblin, Matthieu. "Modélisation numérique et imagerie optique en champ proche par rétro-injection laser de guides d'onde plasmoniques." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937778.
Full textRoblin, Matthieu. "Modélisation numérique et imagerie optique en champ proche par rétro-injection laser de guides d’onde plasmoniques." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2063.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the theoretical and experimental study of plasmonic waveguides operating at a wavelength of 1. 55µm. Such plasmonic waveguides are investigated for optical interconnections with sub-wavelength lateral confinement. Several computational codes have been developed as predictive tools for the design of structures but also for systematic comparisons with experimental measurements. First, a 2D model based on multilayer approach was used to identify and characterize plasmonic modes on planar waveguides. A mode solver was also developed to determine the eigenmodes in plasmonic waveguides with various transverse shapes. Finally, these two codes have been re-used to implemente the optical source in a numerical model based on Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) approach. This final model was used to simulate numerically plasmonic structures both in 2D or 3D. Two categories of plasmonic waveguides have been processed by electron beam lithography. A scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) based on laser feedback interferometry has been used to observe experimentally the optical properties in these structures. The first waveguiding structures were based on metallic stripes, with propagation length up to few hundred of µm but at low lateral confinement. The second series of waveguiding structures was based on DLSPP consisting of a sub-wavelength polymer ridge deposited on a gold layer. Such DLSPP optical waveguides allow sub-wavelength lateral light confinement and are investigated as efficient interconnection between highly integrated electronic devices and optical links
Maire, Eric. "Analyse d'image appliquée à l'étude des récepteurs leucocytaires des antigènes de différenciation par cytofluoromicroscopie-laser." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0364.
Full textSchoemaecker, Coralie. "Diagnostics laser dans une flamme de diffusion : imagerie quantitative de nanoparticules de suies et d'espèces majoritaires et minoritaires." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-33.pdf.
Full textMalka, Victor. "Etude du prechauffage radiatif par imagerie x-uv de la face arriere de cibles minces irradiees par un laser de puissance." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112099.
Full textBedoui, Salma. "Imageries spectroscopique et optique de la dynamique spatio-temporelle de la transition de spin induite par la température ou par une impulsion laser." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1978/.
Full textMolecular spin crossover (SCO) complexes are benchmark examples of materials exhibiting bistability and associated structural phase transitions. The spin crossover phenomenon can be triggered by a variety of external perturbations (temperature change, laser pulse, etc. ) and entails a spectacular change of different physical properties: color, density, magnetic susceptibility and so on. This phenomenon has been deeply characterized using Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, as well as magnetic and optical methods. However, the in situ observations of the nucleation, the evolution of the phase boundaries and the associated changes of the microstructure have been scarcely reported in spin crossover solids. Much remains unknown concerning the nucleation and growth kinetics for cooperative SCO systems. In this context, we aimed to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of the spin transition using Raman spectral and optical imaging of micro-sized single crystals. For our experiments we have chosen the molecular spin crossover compound [FeII(bapbpy)(NCS)2] (bapbpy = N-(6-(6-(pyridin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine). This compound shows a two-step spin transition between the high spin (HS) and low spin (LS) states, where both steps are of first order and accompanied by a hysteresis loop. Optical microscopy studies on this compound allowed us to observe the heterogeneous nucleation of different spin domains and to clearly follow their propagation in single crystals. These results were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and provided us with clear-cut spectroscopic evidence of the coexistence of micro-sized spin state domains. The use of different optical contrast techniques allowed us to determine the velocity of the domain barrier, which was typically around a few micrometers per second. We also carried out also comparative studies of a non cooperative compound [Fe(Meta'Me2(bapbpy)(NCS)2]. In line with the very gradual character of the SCO in this compound, its spin crossover process is accomplished in a homogenous manner without discernible domain formation. These reproducible observations suggest that it may be possible to modulate or even to control the spatiotemporal development of the SCO phenomenon. We demonstrate that it is possible to radically change the spatiotemporal dynamics of a first-order structural phase transition by ablating micrometric surface-relief defects in the crystal surface of [Fe(bapbpy)(NCS)2]. The idea is to ablate a microstructural defect where the nucleation barrier is reduced to such an extent that nucleation occurs preferentially at this site and the new phase is thus expected to propagate from this new point throughout the crystal. So, we report on pre-determined nucleation, guided motion, and trapping of the phase boundary. In parallel, we also studied the spin transition induced by a single nanosecond laser pulse. We carried out a conceptually new investigation where the phase transition was triggered by a spatially localized laser pulse within a comparatively large single crystal. The application of the laser pulse leads to the switching of the molecules from the LS to the HS state and a micro-sized HS nucleus is formed in the photo-excited volume. We show that the whole crystal can be transformed to the new phase from this initial domain thanks to a stress-driven self-amplification process. We point out that the key control parameter for the stability of the laser-induced initial domain is the accommodation strain energy. These results have broad implications for the field of photo induced phase transitions. They reveal that the stress-driven phase boundary motion can be a very efficient, but at the same time a rather slow stage of the overall switching process in cooperative systems
Amara, Mohamed Kamel Eddine. "Applications de l'effet photoréfractif en métrologie optique : velocimetrie holographique par imagerie de particules & vélocimétrie Doppler laser." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES019.
Full textEdouart, Dimitri. "Imagerie flash laser (IFL) dans l'atmosphère turbulente : étude des fluctuations de l'éclairement dans le plan image." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ESAE0002.
Full textFrache, Gilles. "Développements instrumentaux et méthodologiques appliqués à l'étude de particules issues de moteurs diesel de dernière génératin par désorption / ionisation laser couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Frache.Gilles.SMZ0629.pdf.
Full textThe evolution of norms, engine technologies, and fell/ lubricant formulation involved a dramatic decrease of the polluting exhausts of diesel cars. The reference method for the analysis of diesel exhaust particles (extraction and GC/MS analysis) reaches its limitation for modem engines associated with particles filters. The aim of this study is to develop a high sensitivity analytic technique for the characterisation of this kind of samples. Laser Desorptio/Ionisation allows desorbing and ionising the compounds adsorbed on the surface of the particles without any other sampling step. The resulting ions are analysed by Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectromehy. The direct biphotonic ionisation is achieved by a Nd:YAG laser pulse (266 nrn, 4,6 evlphoton). This laser was coupled to a commercial Bruker MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. Structural studies of the Post-Source Decay of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons derivatives have been realised thanks to the adaptation of an electronic part of the instrument. The separation of desorption and ionisation processes has been studied by the synchronised use of two lasers (L2MS). These developments were applied to soots formed in shock-tube pyrolysis of model hydrocarbons and to real diesel exhaust particles samples. The effect of driving conditions, engine speed and gas oil formulation were discussed. This study results from the collaboration between TOTAL, the Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Laser Chemistry of Metz, and the Laboratory of Combustion and Reactive Systems of OrlC
Viard, Romain. "L'Imagerie Interventionnelle par Résonance Magnétique: Application en thermothérapie laser interstitielle pour le traitement des tumeurs hépatiques." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192916.
Full textL'objectif de cette thèse, qui bénéficie du soutien de la Région Nord Pas de Calais et du CHRU de Lille de 2005 à 2007, est de fournir des outils pour l'assistance par IRM de la thermo-ablation par laser. Les différents développements offriront ainsi non seulement un outil de préparation à cet acte complexe (visualisation en trois dimensions des tumeurs du patient, calcul de la trajectoire optimale pour éviter la perforation de structures anatomiques vitales ...) mais également des outils d'assistance per-opératoire (positionnement du guide assisté par la stéréovision sur les premiers centimètres, évaluation des dommages thermiques de la zone traitée...).
Lors de cette première phase, nous nous sommes concentrés sur les tumeurs hépatiques, qui demeurent une réelle difficulté, tout en proposant un système pouvant être adapté à toute tumeur abdominale.
Cauchy, Cécilia. "Mécanismes de relaxation de fullerènes photoexcités de l'IR lointain à l'extrême UV : étude par imagerie de vitesse." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678808.
Full textCarré, Vincent. "Caractérisation par désorption / ionisation laser couplée à la spectrométrie de masse de particules émises par des véhicules diesel : mise en place d'une méthode impliquant la formation de complexes à transfert de charge." Metz, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Carre.Vincent.SMZ0403.pdf.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are often associated to complex matrices, as for example exhaust diesel particulate matter (DPM). We choose to use laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion resonance cyclotron mass spectrometry (LDI-FTICRMS). The deposit of complexing agent directly on a sampling filter leads to the formation of charge transfer (C-T) with PAHs absorbed on DPM and limits their sublimation during analysis. The laser irradiation at short wavelength (222 nm) and low laser power density (51́06 W. Cm-2) of these so-prepared samples allows PAH molecular ion production to be dramatically increased. This methodology has been applied for the first time to different kinds of particulate matter. These exhaust particles are collected on a standard chassis dynamometer according to the different parts of the new European driving cycle (NEDC) define for light-duty by the economic commission for Europe (urban driving condition with cold start or warm engine, and extra urban driving conditions). The influence of engine temperature, driving conditions and fuel PAH and sulfur contents on PAHs patterns of DPM has been highlighted. Collaboration with the LCSR laboratory (Orléans) was also conducted to investigated model soot particles produced in a shock tube with various precursors representative to the different chemical compounds present in gasoline. Strong correlation between the nature of precursor and the soot particle fingerprint is observed. Soot particles produced by aromatic precursor (toluene) present a specific PAH pattern, which is characterized by a less detection of heavy compounds
Vinson, Pierre. "Fusion sélective par laser de lits de poudre : Étude sur le recyclage de la poudre et détection de défauts au cours de la fabrication par imagerie thermique." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0068.
Full textDirect and additive manufacturing regroups several new technologies that are very different from conventional manufacturing processes such as casting. Aeronautic and space industries are really interested in those new processes such as the selective laser melting of metallic powder beds know as the SLM process. This PhD thesis report will show the issues of additive manufacturing and will describe some processes. A bibliography study has been done on two aeronautical alloys used in this work: titanium alloy TA6V and nickel-based superalloy Nimonic 263. This work also presents powder characterization (granulometry, morphology chemical composition) for the gas atomized powder. Besides, study has been done on the recyclability of the TA6V powder for the SLM process, for the powder itself and the mechanical properties of parts built from recycled powder. Moreover, this works deals with a powder bed consolidation model to estimate the productivity of the process. Then, a parametric and thermal study has been done on the Nimonic 263. The coaxial system for thermal visualization is described such as the image processing algorithm used. Finally, this reports deals with the study of thermal signature of typical SLM defects
Salomé, Rémi. "Imagerie rapide et suivi de l'activité de réseaux de neurones en microscopie à deux photons." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13063.
Full textBetgé-Brezetz, Stéphane. "Modélisation incrémentale et localisation par amers pour la navigation d'un robot mobile autonome en environnement naturel." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30095.
Full textNgo, Thi Linh Dan. "Characterization of soot particles and their precursors produced during the combustion of conventional and alternative fuels : an in-situ laser diagnostics and ex-situ mass spectrometry investigation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R040/document.
Full textInterest in biofuels has increased significantly in recent years as they could reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to carbon-neutral growth. The influence of using biofuels on their exhaust emissions (CO,CO_2,NO_x,HC, etc.) has been studied widely. However, the effects of the nature of these alternative fuels on the physical and chemical properties of the particles and aromatic species produced are not fully understood. As part of this thesis work, we aim to study the emissions of soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the combustion of conventional and alternative fuels (biofuels) relevant to the automotive and aerospace sectors, while trying to highlight their influence on the formation of such pollutants. To achieve this goal, two laboratory combustors, a swirled turbulent jet burner and a Combustion Aerosol STandard (CAST), were used as soot generators. In addition, we have combined various complementary in-situ laser techniques, laser-induced incandescence and fluorescence (LII/LIF), and ex-situ two-step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In a swirled turbulent jet flame for five fuels (Diesel, n-butanol, 50/50 Diesel/n-butanol mixture, Jet A1 and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene SPK), the LII and LIF profiles and properties of soot particles and their precursors with the height in the flame as well as their chemical composition were studied. Strong correlations between the results obtained with in-situ and ex-situ techniques have been demonstrated which allowed us to characterize these species spectrally and chemically. In addition, a new calibration method has been developed to directly deduce the soot volume fraction from the LII signal using the absolute radiance emitted from a light source having black body behavior. In parallel, experiments using the CAST device were conducted with aeronautical fuels (Jet A1 and SPK). In addition to the influence of the alternative fuel, the effects of a catalytic stripper (CS) on soot particles and volatile species were examined