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Academic literature on the topic 'Imagerie Radar à Synthèse d’Ouverture (SAR)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Imagerie Radar à Synthèse d’Ouverture (SAR)"
Ledo, Gonçalves Ramos Fernanda. "Apport de l'interférométrie radar satellitaire pour le suivi des évolutions environnementales en Amazonie, Brésil." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069825.
Full textPham, Ha Thai. "Analyse de "Time Lapse" optiques stéréo et d'images radar satellitaires : application à la mesure du déplacement de glaciers." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA004/document.
Full textEarth observation by image acquisition systems allows the survey of temporal evolution of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanoes or gravitational movements. Various techniques exist including satellite imagery, terrestrial photogrammetry and in-situ measurements. Image time series from automatic cameras (Time Lapse) are a growing source of information since they offer an interesting compromise in terms of spatial coverage and observation frequency in order to measure surface motion in specific areas. This PhD thesis is devoted to the analysis of image time series from terrestrial photography and satellite radar imagery to measure the displacement of Alpine glaciers. We are particularly interested in Time Lapse stereo processing problems for monitoring geophysical objects in unfavorable conditions for photogrammetry. We propose a single-camera processing chain that includes the steps of automatic photograph selection, coregistration and calculation of two-dimensional (2D) displacement field. The information provided by the stereo pairs is then processed using the MICMAC software to reconstruct the relief and get the three-dimensional (3D) displacement. Several pairs of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images were also processed with the EFIDIR tools to obtain 2D displacement fields in the radar geometry in ascending or descending orbits. The combination of measurements obtained almost simultaneously on these two types of orbits allows the reconstruction of the 3D displacement. These methods have been implemented on time series of stereo pairs acquired by two automatic cameras installed on the right bank of the Argentière glacier and on TerraSAR-X satellite images covering the Mont-Blanc massif. The results are presented on data acquired during a multi-instrument experiment conducted in collaboration with the French Geographic National Institute (IGN) during the fall of 2013,with a network of Géocubes which provided GPS measurements. They are used to evaluate the accuracy of the results obtained by proximal and remote sensing on this type of glacier
Kpre, Ettien lazare. "Contribution à l’étude de techniques de codage analogique pour l’imagerie microonde active et passive." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0060/document.
Full textMicrowave imaging systems are currently attracting great attention in the field of research, especially for security applications (body scanners, vision through walls, etc.). Several acquisition techniques already exist to optimize the antenna aperture in order to guarantee a good resolution on the final image. However, the current lock of imaging systems is to be able to achieve a real-time acquisition and address numerous antennas. Most of the current systems struggle to reconcile fast imaging and resolution while ensuring good sensitivity. The work carried out in this manuscript aims at proposing an alternative to the existing systems based on analog coding techniques of the antenna signals. Overall, the goal is to minimize the number of receivers without affecting performances. The proposed architectures are based essentially on the concept of the MIMO radar (for active systems) and the Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Radiometer or SAIR (for passive systems). These two systems allow a significant reduction of the number of antennas without affecting the resolution of the image, thus enabling a first lifting of constraints. In addition, passive compressive components are used to reduce the number of receivers in the MIMO Radar and the SAIR systems. These components with spatial and frequency diversity exhibit orthogonal transfer functions. Used in transmission, they allow simultaneous and independent addressing of each element of the antenna array. In reception, they allow the signals received by the antennas to be coded into a considerably reduced number of aggregate waveforms. By applying suitable decoding techniques, the signals received by each antenna can be estimated in order to apply imaging algorithms. These components offer the advantage of greatly reducing the number of RF channels while keeping the same number of antennas and allowing simultaneous acquisition of the signals. Laboratory demonstrators were carried out in S-band to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed alternatives. Finally, the results obtained were the subject of a patent application and a prototype of a millimeter-wave radiometric imager is being developed in the framework of the ANR-PIXEL project
Quin, Guillaume. "Etude des séries temporelles en imagerie satellitaire SAR pour la détection automatique de changements." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0003/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents the MIMOSA (Method for generalIzed Means Ordered Series Analysis) change detection methood. This new technique can automatically detect changes between SAR image pairs or within time series. Indeed, thanks to the temporeal means, the number of involved images doesn’t matters because only two different means are compared to detect the changes (for example, the geometric and quadratic means). Thus, large data volumes can be processed easily, since the useful information is condensed within the temporal means. The only change detection parameter is the false alarm rate that will be MIMOSA method are very good compared to other methods. Several tests have been performed in order to quantify the robustness of the method facing the most common problems, like image misregistration or radiometric calibration errors. A graphical user interface has also been developed for MIMOSA, including many useful tools to prepare and process SAR data, but also several analyse tools
Tria, Mohamed. "Imagerie Radar à Synthèse d'Ouverture (RSO) Par Analyse En Ondelettes Continues Multidimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011181.
Full textThe thesis work was about the " Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging by using the multidimensional continuous wavelet analysis ". This work consisted in establishing time-frequency methods in the SAR domain. The principle of the SAR imaging consists in irradiating a ground zone with electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar antenna. This zone contains several reflectors belonging to one or several targets. While the airborne is moving on its flight path, the antenna emits periodically impulses which reach the whole targets located on the irradiated zone. A non-negligible part of each impulse is reflected by the target and received by the radar. The whole collected data will be used to form a high resolution image of the illuminated zone thanks to an algorithm of image reconstruction. The classical imaging methods assume that the reflectors are isotropic (they behaves the same way regardless the aspect under wich they are viewed) and white (they have the same properties within the emitted bandwidth). Unfortunately, new capacities in SAR imaging (large bandwidth, large angular excursions of analysis) makes these assumptions obsolete. The purpose of the thesis work consisted in developing a time-frequency method based on the use of continuous wavelets allowing to highlight the anisotropic and coloration effects of the irradiated points. This kind of analysis is based on the concept of hyperimage which allows to associate to each pixel an energetic response which is a function of the aspect and the frequency. The algorithm allowing to implant the continuous wavelet transform is based on the Fourier transform. Hence, this algorithm is not expensive in terms of time calculation by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). .
Poisson, Jean-Baptiste. "Reconstruction de trajectoires de cibles mobiles en imagerie RSO aéroportée." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0084/document.
Full textCircular SAR imagery brings a lot of information concerning the illuminated scenes and the moving targets. Objects may be seen from any angle, and the continuity of the illumination allows generating a lot of successive images from the same scene. In the scope of this thesis, we develop a moving target trajectory reconstruction methodology using circular SAR imagery, and we study the performances of this methodology. We have first measured the apparent coordinates of the moving targets on SAR images, and also the defocusing parameter of the targets. This enables us to obtain information concerning target movement, especially the velocity and the acceleration. We then used these measurements to develop a non-linear system that makes the link between the apparent trajectories of the moving targets and the real ones. We have shown, by a mathematical and numerical analysis of the robustness, that only a model of moving target with constant velocity enables us to obtain accurate trajectory reconstructions from a sufficient angular span. Then, we have studied the azimuth resolution influence on the reconstruction accuracy. In order to achieve this, we have theoretically estimated the measurement accuracy and the corresponding reconstruction accuracy. We have highlighted the existence of an optimal azimuth resolution, depending on the target radiometry and on the validity of the two target models. Finally, we have validated the method on two real data sets on X-Band acquired by SETHI and RAMSES NG, the ONERA radar systems, and confirmed the theoretical analyses of its performances
Zhao, Weiying. "Multitemporal SAR images denoising and change detection : applications to Sentinel-1 data." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT003/document.
Full textThe inherent speckle which is attached to any coherent imaging system affects the analysis and interpretation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. To take advantage of well-registered multi-temporal SAR images, we improve the adaptive nonlocal temporal filter with state-of-the-art adaptive denoising methods and propose a patch based adaptive temporal filter. To address the bias problem of the denoising results, we propose a fast and efficient multitemporal despeckling method. The key idea of the proposed approach is the use of the ratio image, provided by the ratio between an image and the temporal mean of the stack. This ratio image is easier to denoise than a single image thanks to its improved stationarity. Besides, temporally stable thin structures are well-preserved thanks to the multi-temporal mean. Without reference image, we propose to use a patch-based auto-covariance residual evaluation method to examine the residual image and look for possible remaining structural contents. With speckle reduction images, we propose to use simplified generalized likelihood ratio method to detect the change area, change magnitude and change times in long series of well-registered images. Based on spectral clustering, we apply the simplified generalized likelihood ratio to detect the time series change types. Then, jet colormap and HSV colorization may be used to vividly visualize the detection results. These methods have been successfully applied to monitor farmland area, urban area, harbor region, and flooding area changes
El, Moussawi Ibrahim. "Synthetic Aperture Radar : Algorithms and Applications in Forests and Urban Areas." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG078.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to exploit Multi-baseline Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for studying the remote sensing of natural scenarios, such as forest structure characterization and land subsidence monitoring. In the case of forested areas, tropical forest structure parameters are derived by Tomography SAR (TomoSAR) technique. For urban areas, Land subsidence is investigated through Interferometry SAR (InSAR) techniques. TomoSAR and InSAR will be treated by using Multi-baseline SAR images over different sites. Prior to tomographic analysis, a phase calibration algorithm is needed to compensate for phase residuals that corrupt the data and influence the focusing of Multi-baseline data. First, a tomographic study has carried out in tropical forest, where the forest characterization was assessed by using SAR tomography at L and P-band. Second, different InSAR techniques have been compared with respect to their performance in monitoring earth’s surface deformation, taking Lebanon as a case study.The first part of the thesis presents the TomoSAR analysis in the tropical forest. A review of phase calibration techniques employed on TomoSAR data is shown. The problem formulation starts with the phase calibration of the data stack that is considered as the main gate to begin with SAR processing algorithms. Thus, the main phase calibration algorithms proposed in the literature are discussed. Two of the most important phase calibration approaches are then described and discussed in detail. The potential of L-band TomoSAR data to characterize tropical forest structure is evaluated. The challenge here is the short wavelength of L-band data, and whether can penetrate tropical forests down to the ground. Tomographic analysis is carried out using L-band UAVSAR data from the AfriSAR campaign conducted over Gabon Lopé Park in February 2016. It was found that L-band TomoSAR was able to penetrate into and through the canopy down to the ground, and thus the canopy and ground layers were detected correctly. Then, monitoring tropical forest structure using SAR tomography at L- and P-band are treated. For this, a comparison of the P- and L-band TomoSAR profiles, Land Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS), and discrete return LiDAR is provided in order to assess the ability for TomoSAR to monitoring and estimating the tropical forest structure parameters for enhanced forest management and to support biomass missions. The L- and P-band's performances for canopy penetration are assessed to determine the underlying ground locations. Additionally, the 3D records for each configuration are compared regarding their ability to derive forest vertical structure.The second part of the thesis tackle the utilization of InSAR techniques in land subsidence monitoring. The idea is to split the estimation of earth's surface deformations into two steps. The first step is to use Maximum Likelihood technique to jointly process Permanent scaterrers and Distributed scaterrers in order to yield the best estimates of interferometric phases. Then, the second step is to separate the contributions to the interferometric phases due to the scene topography and deformation field from those caused by decorrelation noise and atmospheric disturbances. As a case study, an extensive InSAR analysis of Lebanon site is shown, relying on a data-set of 117 Sentinel-1 satellite data acquired over Lebanon between 2015 and 2019, with high temporal resolution (i.e. 6 days)
Gelas, Colette. "Inversion de données PolSAR en bande P pour l'estimation de la biomasse forestière." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30282.
Full textThis thesis took place during the preparation phase of the BIOMASS ESA (European Space Agency) mission, which plans to exploit for the first time ever a P-band (435 MHz) spaceborne SAR, with the aim at mapping forest biomass and height worldwide for the period 2023-2028. The use of the P-band comes from its unique sensitivity to forest biomass, in relation to its ability to penetrate through dense media like tropical forests. The BIOMASS mission is based on the use of three imaging modes: Polarimetry (PolSAR), Interferometry (PolInSAR) and Tomography (TomoSAR), and aims at delivering forest biomass and height maps every 7 months at a resolution of 4 ha, as well as maps of severe disturbances at 0.5 ha. The thesis has been organised around the development of a processing chain made of several modules in order to map forest biomass from P-band PolSAR images, and for a wide range of forest types and observation conditions. The two main modules consist in the development of a PolSAR indicator related to forest biomass and in a Bayesian method built on likelihood functions derived from a predictive electromagnetic model (MIPERS-4D). A first study focused on the comparison between various PolSAR based indicators adapted to forest biomass estimation on several test sites. In particular, this thesis emphasises the possibility of minimising the effects of topography with the joint use of digital elevation models (DEM) which give an approximation of terrain slopes and with the fully polarimetric covariance matrix from which it is also possible to extract topographic information like the azimuthal component of terrain slopes. In order to improve the link between backscatter coefficients and biomass, the minimisation of speckle effects has also been studied in the specific framework of BIOMASS acquisitions plan, meaning the adaptation of state-of-the-art filtering techniques for polarimetric SLC time series data. This work results in the development of a multi-channel filter adapted to PolSAR time series, which has been demonstrated on the TropiSAR data acquired at the Paracou test site, and described in the paper "Multi-temporal speckle filtering of polarimetric P-band SAR data over dense tropical forests in French Guiana: application to the BIOMASS mission", published in the journal Remote Sensing, in which a new indicator to quantify filtering performances has been also highlighted, in connection with the capacity of P-band PolSAR data to characterise the azimuthal slopes. These works contribute to develop an inversion method accounting for the challenging constraints of spatial and temporal generalisations for the future BIOMASS acquisitions at global scale. The developed method proposes the combination of the so-called t0 indicator derived from PolSAR data in order to optimise the relationship with forest biomass, with a Bayesian method minimising the dispersion effects thanks to likelihood functions derived from the MIPERS-4D model. The observation conditions related to the temporal or spatial variability can be thereby accounted for, and application of the method to the P-band airborne SAR data acquired during the BIOMASS mission preparation phases shows its great interest to avoid the direct propagation of dispersive factors into biomass. These contributions enabled to adapt and improve the processing chain, and paved to way to further prospects of new insights such as the method generalisation with PolInSAR and TomoSAR indicators, in order to achieve a more thorough exploitation of the upcoming BIOMASS data
Arnold-Bos, Andreas. "La surveillance maritime en imagerie radar bistatique : théorie, simulation, contribution à la détection automatique du sillage des navires." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763477.
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