Academic literature on the topic 'Imagery (Psychology) Memory'

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Journal articles on the topic "Imagery (Psychology) Memory"

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Straub, Holly R., and Michael M. Granaas. "Interaction of Instructions with the Recall Strategy Actually Used in a Paired-Associates Learning Task." Psychological Reports 71, no. 3 (December 1992): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3.987.

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Previous research suggests that interactive imagery produces memory performance superior to separation imagery, although the effects of instructions are less clear. Paired-associate learning was used to examine the effects of instructions (general memory, separation imagery, and interactive imagery) on recall, the frequency of using memory strategies (nonimaginal, separate image, and interactive image), and strategies' effectiveness. The numbers of correctly recalled items were fewer for subjects given general memory instructions than for subjects given separation or interactive imagery instructions which were not different from each other. Subjects reported using a variety of strategies. However, subjects given separation imagery instructions were more likely to report an interactive image than a separate image, and equally as likely to use interactive imagery as subjects given interactive imagery instructions. The present data suggest that subjects can effectively use a variety of memory strategies.
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Marschark, Marc, and Luca Surian. "Why does imagery improve memory?" European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 1, no. 3 (September 1989): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541448908403084.

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Kail, Robert. "Processing Time, Imagery, and Spatial Memory." Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 64, no. 1 (January 1997): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1996.2337.

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Petrusic, William M., and Joseph V. Baranski. "Mental imagery in memory psychophysics." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 2 (April 2002): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02460049.

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Imagery has played an important, albeit controversial, role in the study of memory psychophysics. In this commentary we critically examine the available data bearing on whether pictorial based depictions of remembered perceptual events are activated and scanned in each of a number of different psychophysical tasks.
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Roberts, Daniel S. L., and Brenda E. MacDonald. "Relations of Imagery, Creativity, and Socioeconomic Status with Performance on a Stock-Market e-Trading Game." Psychological Reports 88, no. 3 (June 2001): 734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.3.734.

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The purpose of the present investigation was to examine how measures of imagery, creativity, and socioeconomic status relate to performance in a stock-market trading game. The 368 participants were students enrolled in an administration studies curriculum. A multiple regression analysis showed imaging scores to be a predictor of stock-trading performance as were creativity and socioeconomic status to a lesser extent. High imagers and high scorers on creativity and socioeconomic status made several times more profit with their portfolios. Results are discussed in terms of imagery having multiple repercussions on learning, e.g., memory and problem-solving. It is concluded that scores on imagery, creativity, and socioeconomic status, being weakly correlated, are interdependent and likely associated with personality traits shaped within a stimulating home or social environment.
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Hubbard, Timothy L., Darren Kall, and John C. Baird. "Imagery, memory, and size-distance invariance." Memory & Cognition 17, no. 1 (January 1989): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03199560.

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Taylor, Alexandra C., and Stephen A. Dewhurst. "Investigating the influence of music training on verbal memory." Psychology of Music 45, no. 6 (February 8, 2017): 814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735617690246.

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Previous research has shown that musical training is associated with enhanced verbal memory. The current study investigated the generality of this association by presenting undergraduates who had received musical training ( n = 20) and undergraduates with no formal music training ( n = 20) with four types of word list; high visual imagery, high auditory imagery, high tactile imagery, and abstract. Those who had received music training showed enhanced memory for all word lists, suggesting that music training leads to a general enhancement in verbal memory that is not restricted to specific types of words (e.g., those invoking auditory imagery). The findings support previous research in showing that music training enhances cognitive skills beyond those that are specific to the domain of music. The possible cognitive and neural factors underpinning this effect are discussed.
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Hudetz, Judith A., Anthony G. Hudetz, and Jill Klayman. "Relationship between Relaxation by Guided Imagery and Performance of Working Memory." Psychological Reports 86, no. 1 (February 2000): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.1.15.

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This study tested the hypothesis that relaxation by guided imagery improves working-memory performance of healthy participants. 30 volunteers (both sexes, ages 17–56 years) were randomly assigned to one of three groups and administered the WAIS–III Letter-Number Sequencing Test before and after 10-min. treatment with guided imagery or popular music. The control group received no treatment. Groups' test scores were not different before treatment. The mean increased after relaxation by guided imagery but not after music or no treatment. This result supports the hypothesis that working-memory scores on the test are enhanced by guided imagery and implies that human information processing may be enhanced by prior relaxation.
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Baddeley, Alan D., and Jackie Andrade. "Working memory and the vividness of imagery." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 129, no. 1 (2000): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.129.1.126.

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Andrade, Jackie, Eva Kemps, Yves Werniers, Jon May, and Arnaud Szmalec. "Insensitivity of visual short-term memory to irrelevant visual information." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, no. 3 (August 2002): 753–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980143000541.

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Several authors have hypothesized that visuo-spatial working memory is functionally analogous to verbal working memory. Irrelevant background speech impairs verbal short-term memory. We investigated whether irrelevant visual information has an analogous effect on visual short-term memory, using a dynamic visual noise (DVN) technique known to disrupt visual imagery (Quinn & McConnell, 1996b). Experiment 1 replicated the effect of DVN on pegword imagery. Experiments 2 and 3 showed no effect of DVN on recall of static matrix patterns, despite a significant effect of a concurrent spatial tapping task. Experiment 4 showed no effect of DVN on encoding or maintenance of arrays of matrix patterns, despite testing memory by a recognition procedure to encourage visual rather than spatial processing. Serial position curves showed a one-item recency effect typical of visual short-term memory. Experiment 5 showed no effect of DVN on short-term recognition of Chinese characters, despite effects of visual similarity and a concurrent colour memory task that confirmed visual processing of the characters. We conclude that irrelevant visual noise does not impair visual short-term memory. Visual working memory may not be functionally analogous to verbal working memory, and different cognitive processes may underlie visual short-term memory and visual imagery.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Imagery (Psychology) Memory"

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馬婉婷 and Yuen-ting Olivia Ma. "Mental imagery & false memory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41715391.

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Ma, Yuen-ting Olivia. "Mental imagery & false memory." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41715391.

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Cili, Soljana. "Understanding cognitive changes in imagery rescripting : the role of the memory-imagery-self relationship." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/360205/.

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Imagery rescripting (IR) is a cognitive-behavioural technique that helps patients to modify the meaning they have attached to negative or traumatic experiences. Although it is effective in addressing memory-related intrusive images and in alleviating disorder-specific symptoms, there is little evidence as to how it works. The aim of this PhD project was to investigate the cognitive changes it promotes. Studies 1 and 2 found that memory recall influences individuals’ sense of self. They report higher state self-esteem, fewer achievement goals, and more recreation/exploration goals after recalling positive memories than after recalling negative ones. They also report more emotional self-cognitions after recalling memories from which they have learnt lessons compared to recalling memories from which they have not abstracted any meaning. Studies 3 and 4 found that exposure and IR may influence individuals’ perception of negative memories and the impact these memories have on them when recalled. After being exposed to such memories and after rescripting them, they perceive these memories as less negative and important for their sense of self. They also report higher state self-esteem and either a weaker or a more positive emotional response after recalling them. The findings suggest that memory recall triggers the activation of different self-representations and that IR may influence this process. By helping individuals modify the meaning they have attached to negative memories, IR may facilitate the integration of these memories within the sense of self. This may make the memories and associated self-representations less salient and less likely to be activated in the presence of distressing stimuli. The implications of these findings for imagery research and clinical practice are discussed.
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LaMay, Mary Louise. "Memory for common and bizarre imagery: A storage-retrieval analysis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1465.

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Arshamian, Artin. "Olfactory dreams, olfactory interest, and imagery: Relationships to olfactory memory." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6633.

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Existing evidence for olfactory imagery is mixed and mainly based on reports from hallucinations and volitional imagery. Using a questionnaire, Stevenson and Case (2005) showed that olfactory dreams provided a good source for olfactory imagery studies. This study applied an extended version of the same questionnaire and examined olfactory dreams and their relation to real-life experienced odors, volitional imagery, and olfactory interest. Results showed that olfactory dreams were similar to real-life odors, positively related to olfactory interest and in some extent to volitional imagery. In a follow-up study, two subgroups, one with olfactory dreamers who scored high in olfactory interest and volitional imagery, and one non-olfactory dream group with low scores in interest and imagery, completed an olfactory test battery including odor threshold, episodic odor memory, and odor identification. The group of olfactory dreamers was significantly better in both odor identification and memory, but there were no differences between groups in threshold. These findings support the notion of olfactory imagery, and that individuals experiencing olfactory dreams, score high in olfactory interest and volitional imagery and also remember more olfactory information than persons who score low in these measures.

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Welch, Melissa Kae. "The Experience of Imagery in Relation to Memory and Problem Solving." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625777.

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Lindenberger, Ulman, Reinhold Kliegl, and Paul B. Bates. "Professional expertise does not eliminate age differences in imagery-based memory performance during adulthood." Universität Potsdam, 1992. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4038/.

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Using a testing-the-limits paradigm, the authors investigated the modulation (attenuation) o f negative adult age differences in imagery-based memory performance as a function of professional expertise. Six older graphic designers, 6 normal older adults, 6 younger graphic design students, and 6 normal younger students participated in a 19-session program with a cued-recall variant of the Method of Loci. Older graphic designers attained higher levels o f mnemonic performance than normal older adults but were not able to reach younger adults' level of performance; a perfect separation of age groups was achieved. Spatial visualization was a good predictor of mnemonic performance. Results suggest that negative adult age differences in imagery-based memory are attenuated but not eliminated by the advantages associated with criterion-relevant ability (talent) and experience.
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Steitz, David W. Verhaeghen Paul. "Age differences in memory performance and strategy use for grocery items and imagery/familiarity-matched non-grocery words a study in everyday memory /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Herndon, Phillip L. "The effects of guided imagery and group influence on false memory reports /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/herndonp/phillipherndon.pdf.

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Midden, Allison J. "Vantage Point and Visual Imagery: Effects on Recall in Younger and Older Adults." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/44.

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The current study explored the influence of priming vantage point at retrieval on the recall of younger and older adults, in addition to the effects of visualization ability on recall. Based on McIsaac and Eich’s (2002) findings of the effects on younger adults’ recall, it was hypothesized that recollections would be more likely to include certain features when retrieved through the field vantage point (FVP) than through the observer vantage point (OVP) and vice-versa. Additionally, it was expected that older adults would recall more detailed memories from the OVP than from the FVP. Finally, it was hypothesized that visualization ability would influence memory vividness and that it would be more influential in older adults than in younger adults. The experiment was conducted across two sessions. In Session 1, participants completed a visual imagery assessment, and memories were created in the laboratory with younger (n = 20; 18-21 years old) and older (n = 18; 63-88 years old) adults through the completion of two activities. In Session 2, participants recalled the activities from either the FVP or the OVP. Participants’ recollections were coded for various memory characteristics, which acted as dependent variables in analyses. A significant interaction effect (p = .003) between age and vantage point was found on the characteristic of psychological state, such that older adults referred to their psychological state in FVP memories more than in OVP memories (p = .002), while younger adults demonstrated no significant difference. Imagery ability significantly predicted several aspects of participants’ subjective recall experience. Overall, the results indicate that retrieval vantage point does not change the content of one’s recollections on most measures for either younger or older adults and that visual mental imagery ability predicts several aspects of one’s recall experience.
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Books on the topic "Imagery (Psychology) Memory"

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Visuelle Vorstellungen (Imagery) und Gefühlsmanagement: Dimensionale und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Explikation des Vorstellungskonzepts. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1996.

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Reiser, Morton F. Memory in mind and brain: What dream imagery reveals. New York, N.Y: Basic Books, 1991.

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Lefébure, Francis. Phosphenism: The art of visualisation developing memory and intelligence. Church Crookham, U.K: Psychotechnic Publications, 1990.

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Iglesias, Fernando. Memoria del futuro: El arte de reinventarse. Madrid: Díaz de Santos, 2007.

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Iglesias, Fernando. Memoria del futuro: El arte de reinventarse. Madrid: Díaz de Santos, 2007.

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Brandimonte, Maria A., Toby J. Lloyd-Jones, and Karl-Heinz Bäuml. Verbalising visual memories. Colchester: Psychology Press, 2008.

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Selander, Lina. Lina Selander: The space of memory. Stockholm: Axl Books, 2010.

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Sens du mot, sens de l'image. Paris: Harmattan, 2001.

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Imaginal memory and the place of Hiroshima. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988.

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Visuo-spatial working memory. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Imagery (Psychology) Memory"

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Smith, Anderson D., and Denise C. Park. "3 Adult Age Differences in Memory for Pictures and Images." In Advances in Psychology, 69–96. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4115(08)60784-0.

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Cooper, Sarah. "Layering." In Film and the Imagined Image, 39–65. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474452786.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on how films get spectators to perform the feat of creating imagined images and layering them over those that are on screen. Gary Tarn’s Black Sun (2005) provides the opening example in which the blind French artist Hugues De Montalembert recounts in voice-over his strong memory of a striking scene that he witnessed prior to going blind and which contrasts markedly with the images that appear on screen for the length of time that he tells his tale. This example serves to explain how and why mental images can appear just as vividly in spectators’ minds as onscreen images do. The ground of imagining is formed before spectators are guided on how to take flight from it across sections that introduce further examples, from Laurie Anderson’s Heart of a Dog (2015) through Patrick Keiller’s Robinson trilogy (1994-2010) to Agnès Varda’s Jane B. by Agnès V. (1988). In addition to an on-going dialogue with the work of Elaine Scarry, this chapter interweaves references to cognitive psychology and philosophy that inform other chapters too. Layering is just one of the processes at work in the formation of imagined images while watching films, and subsequent chapters outline others.
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Bigler, Erin D. "Incorporating Neuroimaging into Cognitive Assessment." In The Role of Technology in Clinical Neuropsychology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190234737.003.0020.

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All traditional neuropsychological assessment techniques emerged in an era prior to modern neuroimaging. In fact, question-answer/paper-and-pencil test origins that gained traction with Alfred Binet in 1905 remain the same core techniques today. Indeed, Binet’s efforts began the era of standardized human metrics designed to assess a broad spectrum of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions and abilities. During the early part of the 20th century, the concept of an intellectual quotient expressed as a standard score with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 also initiated the era of quantitative descriptions of mental and emotional functioning (Anastasi, 1968; Stern, 1912). Other descriptive statistical metrics were applied to human measurement, including scaled, percentile, T-score, and z-score statistics. Statistical measures became part of the assessment lexicon and each possessed strength as well as weakness for descriptive purposes, but together proved to be immensely effective for communicating test findings and inferring average and above or below the norm performances. In turn, descriptive statistical methods became the cornerstone for describing neuropsychological findings, typically reported by domain of functioning (memory, excutive, language, etc.; Cipolotti & Warrington, 1995; Lezak, Howieson, Bigler, & Tranel, 2012). As much as psychology and medicine have incorporated descriptive statistics into research and clinical application, a major focus of both disciplines also has been binary classification—normal versus abnormal. This dichotomization recognizes some variability and individual differences within a test score or laboratory procedure, but at some point the clinician makes the binary decision of normal or abnormal. In the beginnings of neuroimaging, which are discussed more thoroughly below, interpretation of computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans mostly was approached in this manner. Although lots of information was available from CT and MRI images, if nothing obviously abnormal was seen, the radiological conclusion merely stated in the Impression section, “Normal CT (or MRI) of the brain,” with no other qualification (or quantification) of why the findings were deemed normal other than the image appeared that way. Until recently, quantification of information in an image required hand editing and was excruciatingly time consuming.
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Fink MD, Max. "Is ECT Practice Ethical?" In Electroconvulsive Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365740.003.0017.

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Electroconvulsive therapy is widely considered a controversial treatment in psychiatry. Many cite it as the most controversial treatment in medicine. It is not its efficacy that is controversial, however; as we’ve seen, it offers effective relief for severe psychiatric illnesses even when other interventions have failed. Nor is the controversy about the immediate risks of the treatment, for the risks and death rates are extremely low—almost certainly lower than the risks acknowledged for the psychoactive agents that are the core of modern pharmacotherapy. No systemic illness or medical condition limits its use. The controversy is based on the belief that inducing seizures by electricity permanently damages the brain, causing such severe losses of personal memory that the patient is no longer recognizable as the person known before. This belief is unfounded, and any effects on memory and cognition have been shown to be limited to the time during and directly before treatment. The roots of the controversial image are many, not the least of which is the unfortunate conflation of ECT with lobotomy and insulin coma. The poor portrayal of the treatments by the media inflames viewers’ perception. Conflicts between believers in the biological basis of mental illness and those with the psychological interests of psychoanalysis and clinical psychology roiled psychiatry throughout the twentieth century. As a result, governmental regulations for ECT, especially those limiting its use in children and adolescents, and requirements for written consent (in some venues for each treatment), have restricted its use. Ethical guidelines for the relationship between physician and patient have a long history, the Hippocratic Oath developed by the ancient Greeks being the most widely acknowledged guide. The shameful evidence of medical experimentation on unwilling prisoners by physicians in Germany and the Soviet Union during the Second World War incited a worldwide reassessment of the patient-doctor relationship. Until the 1970s, no limitation on experimental intervention with psychiatric patients was envisioned. Treatments without a scientific basis were lauded and then discredited when the adverse consequences were shown to be greater than the benefits. Treatments were applied in institutions where the patients had an utterly dependent role, and assigned treatments were mandated at the discretion of the institution director.
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Conference papers on the topic "Imagery (Psychology) Memory"

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CALCRAFT, LEE, ROD ADAMS, and NEIL DAVEY. "THE PERFORMANCE OF SPARSELY-CONNECTED 2D ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY MODELS WITH NON-RANDOM IMAGES." In Proceedings of the 11th Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812834232_0009.

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