Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Images de la forêt'
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Simard, Marc. "Analyse de texture multiéchelle par transformée par ondelettes des images RSO, application aux images ERS-1 de la forêt tropicale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0026/NQ31510.pdf.
Full textKarasiak, Nicolas. "Cartographie des essences forestières à partir de séries temporelles d’images satellitaires à hautes résolutions : stabilité des prédictions, autocorrélation spatiale et cohérence avec la phénologie observée in situ." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0115.
Full textForests have a key role on earth, whether to store carbon and so reducing the global warming or to provide a place for many species. However, the composition of the forest (the location of the tree species or their diversity) has an influence on the ecological services provided. In this context, it seems critical to map tree species that make it up the forest. Remote sensing, especially from satellite images, appears to be the most appropriate way to map large areas. Thanks to the satellite constellations such as Sentinel-2 or Landsat-8 and their free acquisition for the user, the use of time series of satellite images with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution using automatic learning algorithms is now easy to access. While many works have studied the potential of satellite images to identify tree species, few use time series (several images per year) with high spatial resolution and taking into account the spatial autocorrelation of references, i.e. the spectral similarity of spatially close samples. However, by not taking this phenomenon into account, evaluation biases may occur and thus overestimate the quality of the learning models. It is also a question of better identifying the methodological barriers in order to understand why it can be easy or complicated for an algorithm to identify one species from another. The general objective of the thesis is to study the potential and the obstacles concerning the idenficiation of forest tree species from satellite images time series with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. The first objective is to study the temporal stability of predictions from a nine-year archive of the Formosat-2 satellite. More specifically, the work focuses on the implementation of a validation method that is as faithful as possible to the observed quality of the maps. The second objective focuses on the link between in situ phenological events (leaf growth at the beginning of the season, or leaf loss and coloration at the end of the season) and what can be observed by remote sensing. In addition to the ability to detect these events, it will be studied whether what allows the algorithms to identify tree species from each other is related to species-specific behaviors
Palla, Florence. "Caractérisation et distribution spatiale des groupements végétaux de la mosaïque forêt-savane du Parc National de la Lopé (Gabon) : apport des traits caractéristiques de la végétation (traits d'histoire de vie) et des images radar PALSAR." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066377.
Full textPetro, Balaguer Ana Belén. "Analytical methods fort he study of color in digital images." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9409.
Full textAleman, Julie. "Structure de la végétation en Afrique centrale : rôles des forçages anthropiques et naturels." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998484.
Full textLeboeuf, Antoine. "Méthode de calcul de la biomasse aérienne des arbres de peuplements d'épinette noire (Picea mariana) en forêt subarctique à l'aide de la fraction d'ombre sur les images Quickbird et Ikonos." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2411.
Full textPelletier, Charlotte. "Cartographie de l'occupation des sols à partir de séries temporelles d'images satellitaires à hautes résolutions : identification et traitement des données mal étiquetées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30241/document.
Full textLand surface monitoring is a key challenge for diverse applications such as environment, forestry, hydrology and geology. Such monitoring is particularly helpful for the management of territories and the prediction of climate trends. For this purpose, mapping approaches that employ satellite-based Earth Observations at different spatial and temporal scales are used to obtain the land surface characteristics. More precisely, supervised classification algorithms that exploit satellite data present many advantages compared to other mapping methods. In addition, the recent launches of new satellite constellations - Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 - enable the acquisition of satellite image time series at high spatial and spectral resolutions, that are of great interest to describe vegetation land cover. These satellite data open new perspectives, but also interrogate the choice of classification algorithms and the choice of input data. In addition, learning classification algorithms over large areas require a substantial number of instances per land cover class describing landscape variability. Accordingly, training data can be extracted from existing maps or specific existing databases, such as crop parcel farmer's declaration or government databases. When using these databases, the main drawbacks are the lack of accuracy and update problems due to a long production time. Unfortunately, the use of these imperfect training data lead to the presence of mislabeled training instance that may impact the classification performance, and so the quality of the produced land cover map. Taking into account the above challenges, this Ph.D. work aims at improving the classification of new satellite image time series at high resolutions. The work has been divided into two main parts. The first Ph.D. goal consists in studying different classification systems by evaluating two classification algorithms with several input datasets. In addition, the stability and the robustness of the classification methods are discussed. The second goal deals with the errors contained in the training data. Firstly, methods for the detection of mislabeled data are proposed and analyzed. Secondly, a filtering method is proposed to take into account the mislabeled data in the classification framework. The objective is to reduce the influence of mislabeled data on the classification performance, and thus to improve the produced land cover map
Shang, Xiaoxia. "Etude de la canopée forestière : De la mesure lidar aéroportée à l'observation spatiale." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0059/document.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis aims at evaluating the usage of active remote sensor lidar, from space platforms to monitor forest systems at a global scale. Forest is one of the main climate regulators through biogeochemical cycles, in which the most important processes are water cycle and carbon cycle. However, it is still poorly documented at a global scale because it is not always easy to get the information. Airborne and spaceborne observations, through remote sensing, are therefore the most suitable approaches to characterize the interactions between forest and atmosphere, at a regional or global scale. In order to improve the lidar remote sensing, it was necessary to build a representative database of different forest types, from managed forest to primary tropical forest. These data are obtained from several experiments using a new airborne demonstrator, the ULICE (Ultraviolet LIdar for Canopy Experiment). These data allows us to evaluate different uncertainty sources associated with the measurements for the extraction of corresponding forest parameters (i.e. tree height, aboveground biomass, leaf area index, etc.). This evaluation is based on the development of a numerical simulator which takes into account the surface characteristics, the atmosphere, the lidar instrumentation, and the satellite orbitography. We show that the active remote sensing sensor lidar is a powerful measuring method to characterize the forest from airborne observations; it remains very promising for spaceborne systems in low orbit, between 300 and 500 km, as the International Space Station
Colin, Koeniguer Elise. "Apport de la Polarimétrie à l'interférometrie radar pour l'estimation de hauteurs de cibles et de paramètres de forêt." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011111.
Full textZammit, Olivier. "Détection de zones brûlées après un feu de forêt à partir d'une seule image satellitaire SPOT 5 par techniques SVM." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345683.
Full textLe modèle est fondé sur les Séparateurs à Vaste Marge (SVM), une technique de classification supervisée qui a démontré une meilleure précision et une meilleure capacité de généralisation que les algorithmes de classification plus traditionnels. Concernant notre problème de détection, les différentes zones brûlées possèdent des caractéristiques spectrales assez similaires, au contraire des zones non brûlées (végétation, routes, eau, zones urbaines, nuage, ombre...) dont les caractéristiques spectrales varient énormément. Nous proposons donc d'utiliser les One-Class SVM, une technique qui dérive des SVM mais qui n'utilise que des exemples de pixels brûlés pour les phases d'apprentissage et de classification.
Afin de prendre en compte l'information spatiale de l'image, l'algorithme OC-SVM est utilisé comme une technique de croissance de régions, ce qui permet de diminuer les fausses alarmes et d'améliorer les contours des zones brûlées.
De plus, la base d'exemple de pixels brûlés nécessaire à l'apprentissage des techniques SVM est déterminée automatiquement à partir de l'histogramme de l'image.
Finalement, la méthode de classification proposée est testée sur plusieurs images satellitaires afin de valider son efficacité selon le type de végétation et la surface des zones brûlées. Les zones brûlées obtenues sont comparées aux vérités de terrain fournies par le CNES, Infoterra France, le SERTIT, les Services Départementaux d'Incendies et de Secours ou l'Office National des Forêts.
Rajab, Pourrahmati Manizheh. "Investigating the possibility of forest height/volume estimation using lidar, radar and optical images : case study : Nowshahr Forests in Mazindaran, Iran." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT288/document.
Full textThe importance of measuring forest biophysical parameters for ecosystem health monitoring and forest management encourages researchers to find precise, yet low-cost methods especially in mountainous and large areas. In the present study Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on board ICESat (Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite) was used to estimate three biophysical characteristics of forests located in the north of Iran: 1) maximum canopy height (Hmax), 2) Lorey’s height (HLorey), and 3) Forest volume (V). A large number of Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR), Random Forest (RF) and also Artificial Neural Network regressions were developed using two different sets of variables including waveform metrics and Principal Components (PCs) produced from Principal Component Analysis (PCA). To validate and compare models, statistical criteria were calculated based on a five-fold cross validation. Best model concerning the maximum height was an MLR (RMSE=5.0m) which combined two metrics extracted from waveforms (waveform extent "Wext" and height at 50% of waveform energy "H50"), and one from Digital Elevation Model (Terrain Index: TI). The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of maximum height estimates was 16.4%. For Lorey’s height, an ANN model using PCs and waveform extent “Wext” outperformed other models (RMSE=3.4m, MAPE=12.3%). In order to estimate forest volume, two approaches was employed: First, estimating volume using volume-height relationship while height is GLAS estimated height; Second, estimation of forest volume directly from GLAS data by developing regressions between in situ volume and GLAS metrics. The result from first approach (116.3m3/ha) was slightly better than the result obtained by the second approach that is a PCs-based ANN model (119.9 m3/ha). But the ANN model performed better in very low (<10 m3/ha) and very high (> 800 m3/ha) volume stands. In total, the relative error of estimated forest volume was about 26%. Generally, MLR and ANN models had better performance when compared to the RF models. In addition, the accuracy of height estimations using waveform metrics was better than those based on PCs.Given the suitable results of GLAS height models (maximum and Lorey’s heights), production of wall to wall height maps from synergy of remote sensing (GLAS, PALSAR, SPOT5 and Landsat-TM) and environmental data (slope, aspect, classified elevation map and also geological map) was taken under consideration. Thus, MLR and RF regressions were built between all GLAS derived heights, inside of the study area, and indices extracted from mentioned remotely sensed and environmental data. The best resulted models for Hmax (RMSE=7.4m and R_a^2=0.52) and HLorey (RMSE=5.5m and R_a^2=0.59) were used to produce a wall to wall maximum canopy height and Lorey’ height maps. Comparison of Hmax extracted from the resulted Hmax map with true height values at the location of 32 in situ plots produced an RMSE and R2 of 5.3m and 0.71, respectively. Such a comparison for HLorey led to an RMSE and R2 of 4.3m and 0.50, respectively. Regression-kriging method was also used to produce canopy height map with considering spatial correlation between canopy heights. This approach, with the aim of improving the precision of canopy height map provided from non-spatial method, was unsuccessful which could be due to the heterogeneity of the study area in case of forest structure and topography
Périn, Marie-Thérèse. "Le château fort en images et l’image du château fort (1882-1960) : recherches sur un mythe et sa formation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0384.
Full textThe fortified castle deeply pervades the imaginary world in the childhood of our contemporaries. The phenomenon is massive and already ancient, as the 418 pictures of the fortified castles proposed from 1882 to 1960 in youth publications dedicated to school or family use and which are the basis of this study can testify. Insofar as the editorial activity reflects social choices, it therefore deals with understanding how the knowledge and the myth of the fortified castle is building itself during childhood through its various iconic representations, textual or thanks to the toy-castle.Starting from the exploitation of this vast corpus, this thesis underlines the founding principles of the knowledge of the fortified castle which predominate in all supports, for education or for leisure : the scientific references to Viollet le Duc’s works, omnipresent until 1960. This will to be based on recognized scientific values feeds the goals of the society of the late 19th and 20th century, which, through this determined choice, wishes to give the best for the education of their youth.Moreover, the study of the pictures interacting with written expressions shows that the preconceived ideas, such as boiling oil or the dungeon, are part of acquired knowledge as much as of the micro-myth. These stereotypes stimulating the imaginary world of all generations, the following study gives an analysis of the emotions that emerge in the reception activity of the representations but also of the ones that the child translates in the symbolical game. Step by step, the original fears aroused by the fortified castle in the games of the reading or playing child are highlighted : fear of freedom or light deprivation, fear of imprisonment, in other words the fear of death, this unknown. Here we are in accordance with the founding myth of humanity.Thanks to the analysis of the school books and youth publications, it appears that the fortified castle is also a political construction used for moral and religious education, even the one that distinguishes boys from girls. But this is the resorting to neurosciences that enable to understand the neuronal process at stake as far as the fortified castle is concerned, in the young reader’s or player’s perceptive and sensitive activity, but also in his motor activity which implies his body awareness.With this purpose, what is really at stake in the restoration of the fortified castle or even in the identical building of the 13th century castle, Guédelon : preservation of the past, or a concrete immersion in the imaginary world of the fortified castle on a real scale ?
Toulouse, Tom. "Estimation par stéréovision multimodale de caractéristiques géométriques d’un feu de végétation en propagation." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0009/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the geometrical characteristics measurement of spreading vegetation fires with multimodal stereovision systems. Image processing and 3D registration are used in order to obtain a three-dimensional modeling of the fire at each instant of image acquisition and then to compute fire front characteristics like its position, its rate of spread, its height, its width, its inclination, its surface and its volume. The first important contribution of this thesis is the fire pixel detection. A benchmark of fire pixel detection algorithms and of those that are developed in this thesis have been on a database of 500 vegetation fire images of the visible spectra which have been characterized according to the fire properties in the image (color, smoke, luminosity). Five fire pixel detection algorithms based on fusion of data from visible and near-infrared spectra images have also been developed and tested on another database of 100 multimodal images. The second important contribution of this thesis is about the use of images fusion for the optimization of the matching point’s number between the multimodal stereo images.The second important contribution of this thesis is the registration method of 3D fire points obtained with stereovision systems. It uses information collected from a housing containing a GPS and an IMU card which is positioned on each stereovision systems. With this registration, a method have been developed to extract the geometrical characteristics when the fire is spreading.The geometrical characteristics estimation device have been evaluated on a car of known dimensions and the results obtained confirm the good accuracy of the device. The results obtained from vegetation fires are also presented
Samarakoon, Prasad. "Random Regression Forests for Fully Automatic Multi-Organ Localization in CT Images." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM039/document.
Full textLocating an organ in a medical image by bounding that particular organ with respect to an entity such as a bounding box or sphere is termed organ localization. Multi-organ localization takes place when multiple organs are localized simultaneously. Organ localization is one of the most crucial steps that is involved in all the phases of patient treatment starting from the diagnosis phase to the final follow-up phase. The use of the supervised machine learning technique called random forests has shown very encouraging results in many sub-disciplines of medical image analysis. Similarly, Random Regression Forests (RRF), a specialization of random forests for regression, have produced the state of the art results for fully automatic multi-organ localization.Although, RRF have produced state of the art results in multi-organ segmentation, the relative novelty of the method in this field still raises numerous questions about how to optimize its parameters for consistent and efficient usage. The first objective of this thesis is to acquire a thorough knowledge of the inner workings of RRF. After achieving the above mentioned goal, we proposed a consistent and automatic parametrization of RRF. Then, we empirically proved the spatial indenpendency hypothesis used by RRF. Finally, we proposed a novel RRF specialization called Light Random Regression Forests for multi-organ localization
Benelcadi, Hajar. "Apport de l’analyse texturale des images radar à haute résolution spatiale pour la cartographie des forêts tropicales." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1161/document.
Full textSince 2007, a new generation of SAR sensors (Synthetic Aperture RADAR) was launched. These sensors (TerraSAR-X, Cosmo-SkyMed, RADARSAT-2, and Sentinel) are characterized by metric spatial resolutions unlike previous sensors (ERS, JERS, ALOS, ASAR) with a spatial resolution of about twenty meters. Metric spatial resolution highlights interesting textural information that was inaccessible with the previously existing SAR sensors. This thesis aims at evaluating the contribution of textural analysis from high spatial resolution images for tropical forests mapping. Three different study sites with different problematic have been chosen to evaluate the textural analysis in Cambodia, Cameroun and Brazil. Indeed, the contribution of the analysis of textural information for classification has been emphasized. The latter is understood through the analysis of Haralick textural parameters, second order statistic parameters. The retained algorithm of classification is the SVM (Support Vector Machine), as it allows taking into account numerous parameters, which can be heterogeneous with respect to their physical dimension
Reyt, Ida. "Écoulements induits en guide d'onde acoustique fort niveau." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2292/document.
Full textHigh amplitude acoustic propagation in a guide is associated with several non linear phenomena including acoustic streaming, discontinuity effects and transition to turbulence. Those phenomena are studied in this work and are all associated with acoustically induced flows. The present experimental study therefore is based on velocimetry laser techniques: Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), wich are fitted to the measurement of the different flow velocity components. Firstly, PIV measurements at the exit of a convergent enable to complement previous LDV measurements. Then, in order to a better understanding of the specificity of transition to turbulence in acoustics, the evolution of the Stokes boundary layer is studied for increasing acoustic velocity amplitudes. Then an experimental study of acoustic streaming in a square channel is reported, and the influence of the geometry is examined. Moreover, the evolution of acoustic streaming vortices in a cylindrical waveguide is analyzed for fast streaming and some parameters that could control such evolution are modified. The harmonicdistribution inside the guide is changed and then the influence of thermal conditions is studied by coupling velocity measurements and mean temperature measurements inside the waveguide and along the wall. Some comparisons between measured streaming velocities and numerical simulation results are presented
Ploton, Pierre. "Amélioration des estimations de biomasse en forêt tropicale : apport de la structure et de l’organisation spatiale des arbres de canopée." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AGPT0005.
Full textTropical forests store more than half of the world’s forest carbon and are particularly threatened by deforestation and degradation processes, which together represent the second largest source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Consequently, tropical forests are the focus of international climate policies (i.e. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, REDD) aiming at reducing forestrelated CO2 emissions. The REDD initiative lies on our ability to map forest carbon stocks (i.e. spatial dynamics) and to detect deforestation and degradations (i.e. temporal dynamics) at large spatial scales (e.g. national, forested basin), with accuracy and precision. Remote-sensing is as a key tool for this purpose, but numerous sources of error along the carbon mapping chain makes meeting REDD criteria an outstanding challenge. In the present thesis, we assessed carbon (quantified through aboveground biomass, AGB) estimation error at the tree- and plot-level using a widely used pantropical AGB model, and at the landscape-level using a remote sensing method based on canopy texture features from very high resolution (VHR) optical data. Our objective was to better understand and reduce AGB estimation error at each level using information on large canopy tree structure, distribution and spatial organization.Although large trees disproportionally contributed to forest carbon stock, they are under-represented in destructive datasets and subject to an under-estimation bias with the pantropical AGB model. We destructively sampled 77 very large tropical trees and assembled a large (pantropical) dataset to study how variation in tree form (through crown sizes and crown mass ratio) contributed to this error pattern. We showed that the source of bias in the pantropical model was a systematic increase in the proportion of tree mass allocated to the crown in canopy trees. An alternative AGB model accounting for this phenomenon was proposed. We also propagated the AGB model bias at the plot-level and showed that the interaction between forest structure and model bias, although often overlooked, might in fact be substantial. We further analyzed the structural properties of crown branching networks in light of the assumptions and predictions of the Metabolic Theory of Ecology, which supports the power-form of the pantropical AGB model. Important deviations were observed, notably from Leonardo’s rule (i.e. the principle of area conservation), which, all else being equal, could support the higher proportion of mass in large tree crowns.A second part of the thesis dealt with the extrapolation of field-plot AGB via canopy texture features of VHR optical data. A major barrier for the development of a broad-scale forest carbon monitoring method based on canopy texture is that relationships between canopy texture and stand structure parameters (including AGB) vary among forest types and regions of the world. We investigated this discrepancy using a simulation approach: virtual canopy scenes were generated for 279 1-ha plots distributed on contrasted forest types across the tropics. We showed that complementing FOTO texture with additional descriptors of forest structure, notably on canopy openness (from a lacunarity analysis) and tree slenderness (from a bioclimatic proxy) allows developing a stable inversion frame for forest AGB at large scale. Although the approach we proposed requires further empirical validation, a first case study on a forests mosaic in the Congo basin gave promising results.Overall, this work increased our understanding of mechanisms behind AGB estimation errors at the tree-, plot- and landscape-level. It stresses the need to better account for variation patterns in tree structure (e.g. ontogenetic pattern of carbon allocation) and forest structural organization (across forest types, under different environmental conditions) to improve general AGB models, and in fine our ability to accurately map forest AGB at large scale
DURAND, JEAN-MARIE. "Methodologie de presentation et d'interpretation visuelle des images et des donnees auxiliaires en teledetection : application a l'etude de la foret domaniale de saint-quirin." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30060.
Full textThion, Catherine Michèle. "La forêt d'Orléans, une forêt paysane. Histoire des relations entre une forêt et des communautés riveraines (1671-1789)." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040006.
Full textIn the 17th and 18th centuries, the orleans forest includes wooded areas, soils and parts of or complete rural communities. Its extents generate the diversity of residents and the variety of relations to the forest. The analysis of socioprofessionnal structures and of social contacts shows a different status for the foresters in these communities. They are numerous in the enclave spots where the forest takes possession of most of the parish. They are getting scarcer when it becomes less overpowering. The position of villages compared to the forest area is essential. Besides, if the expression "user parish" tends to implicate all the inhabitants, they are not all users. As the distance between the inhabitants and the forest becomes more important, the residents develop different pastoral and ligneous solutions. The water and forest policy can also force them to do so. The condition of the forest is worrying but in 1671 the application of the august 1669 ordinance is moderate. The use of wood is suppressed but the grazing rights are kept. The residents remain within the exploitation of sales and the users, whose numbers are rising, are treated with care. The sorting out of fallow lands meant for the grazing of ovins are thus allocated to many user parishes. The contact with the 1669 spirit becomes established during the last important reform between 1716 and 1719, but the users have long ago taken over the forest although they don't own it. The frequent visits to the forest, whether legal or not, are motivated by the deficiency of soils and the constraint of breeding which appears then as an economic but also cultural necessity
Garrier, Claude. "Forêt et institutions ivoiriennes." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010262.
Full textThe history of the exploitation of Ivory Coast forest is considered in accordance with it overlaping with the history of the national institutions, fr the protectorat treaties to the middle of the year 1994. The military and administrative colonial period is characterized by a double ambiguity : whyle it takes hold of the main part of the fiel ds, the administration tries to know the customs and let them alive it privileges, in the decree of june 1912, the peasants who apply its decisions on fields and forests development; a jurisprudence roughes, from the year 1932, the village community right, in spite of their missing legal entity, to defend their land rights; the decrees which apply Gaston Deferre's outline law (1956), contain a lagal shape which makes easier the space management by the populations, on the other hand, the autochthones, possibly because they belive to own a right stronger than resulting of a registration, often refuse to use it; besides, they pretend being the victims of the colonial robbery. The independance, which would be an epistemological breaking, keeps the ancient rules and rubes out every custom reference. Two reasons found this attitude : it's necessary to build one country with sixty tribes; the prerogatives, which are previously owne d by the traditional tribes chiefs, are transfered to the national level. The state fragility, houphouet-boigny's preference for negociation leades to use lands and forests as an exchange currency. Besides, the race to the fields and land-development means first deforestation. A new age seemes to raise from 1991 : an institution, at once unformal, then organized by departemental orders and an approval of the board of ministers, gives the population back some posibilities of managing this part of their forested ground included in the state standing property
Ndikumana, Emile. "Etude de la végétation à partir de nouveaux capteurs satellitaires radar." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0010.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on how SAR images can be used to study vegetation. Vegetation lies at the core of human lives by providing both food and economic resources as well as participating in regulating climate. Traditionally, vegetation is classified into three categories: fields, flooded pastures, and forests. We follow this classification in our study. To tackle the first two, we chose to explore rice (in Camargue, France) since rice fields are initially flooded pastures and turn to fields when more mature. We illustrate the last category with forests in Madagascar.The aim of the first part is to provide a better understanding of the capabilities of Sentinel-1 radar images for agricultural land cover mapping through the use of deep learning techniques. We revealed that even with classical machine learning approaches (K nearest neighbors, random forest and support vector machines), good performance classification could be achieved with F-measure/Accuracy greater than 86% and Kappa coefficient better than 0.82. We found that the results of the two deep recurrent neural network (RNN)-based classifiers clearly outperformed the classical approaches.In the second part, the objective is to study the capabilities of multitemporal radar images for rice height and dry biomass retrievals using Sentinel-1 data. To do this, we train Sentinel-1 data against ground measurements with classical machine learning techniques (Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest (RF)) to estimate rice height and dry biomass. The study is carried out on the same multitemporal Sentinel-1 dataset in the first part. The error of rice height estimation was 16% (7.9 cm), whereas the biomass was 18% (162 g¢m¡2) (both with Random Forest method). Such results indicate that the highly qualified Sentinel-1 radar data could be well exploited for rice biomass and height retrieval and they could be used for operational tasks.Finally, reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) requires detailed insight into how the forest biomass is measured and distributed. Studies so far haveestimated forest biomass stocks using rough assumptions and unreliable data. We aim to improve on previous approaches by using radar satellite ALOS PALSAR (25-m resolution) and optical Landsat-derived tree cover (30-m resolution) observations to estimate forest biomass stocks in Madagascar, for the years 2007-2010. The radar signal and in situ biomass were highly correlated (R2 = 0.71) and the root mean square error was 30% (for biomass ranging from 0 to 500 t/ha). Combining radar signal with optical tree cover data appears to be a promising approach for using by L-band SAR to map forest biomass (and hence carbon) over broad geographical scales
Doll, Daniel. "Les cataclysmes météorologiques en forêt." Lyon 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO20028.
Full textMeteorology disasters, which destroy French and European forests, appear unexpectedly. Charge after charge, windstorms, wet snow and glazed frost, cold-and heatwaves, dryness, hailstorms and lightning hinder our timberings, since more than a century, to be managed rationaly. The sylviculturist, powerless to get climat under control, can only reduce its effects with appropriate measures. The confrontation of the results of the investigation in Darney (Vosges) and La Mossig (Bas-Rhin) state forests with the literature about snow-, glazed frostand windfallen woods incits us to adopt a more scientific forestry. Meanwhile, fallen woods cause always sylviculturists, forest owners and limitrophe dwellers great anxiety. Some deplore that disasters mean more work, because they have to co-ordinate the timber depot, to manage the carriage of goods, to search new channels and to restore devastated forests. Others bewail the losses of money and wood material, on account of the numerous disinfections, forced sales and, consequently, fall in prices. For the more disinterested of them, fallen woods are responsible for the death of a dear landscape
Leblanc, Marc. "La sapinière vierge de la Forêt Montmorency et de sa région, une forêt boréale distincte." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33693.pdf.
Full textKialo, Paulin. "Pové et forestiers face à la forêt gabonaise : esquisse d'une anthropologie comparée de la forêt." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H059.
Full textThe Pové people (a Gabonese ethnic group living in Ogooué-Lolo province) and French forestry workers have a very different conceptualization of what the "forest" is. Working from this difference, this thesis lays out a sketch, and develops some key principles, of a working anthropology of the concept "forest". Each of the two populations studied has a different cognitive model of what the forest is and what it does. In effect a cognitive model is ot the "forest" is a model of how the "forest" is humanized or brought under human control. And there is a long history in each case of how these groups relate to the forest. These models are identified as (i) pro-forest model and (ii) and anti-forest model, but this is just a rough first approximation. The real interest lies not in the extreme formulation of thesis and anti-thesis but in the various subtle ideological postures and practices that occupy the middle ground between the extremes. These are illustrated by drawing on examples from close at hand, namely the Pygmy populations of Gabon, and various ecologically-oriented NGOs that have projects in Gabon. The thesis also considers examples from historically more distant cultures such as the Pharos in Egypt and the Druids in Europe. By considering these various case studies, and using yhe comparative linguistic methodology familiar from Bantu research, the study proposes a model which comprises a comparative anthropology of the forest
Le, Meignen Benoît. "La forêt : objet du droit administratif." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32033.
Full textIn a legal regime everything can be subject to the law, since nothing remains out of legal regulation. The forest, as an area of social life gathering various subjects of law, whether public or private owners, or its users, is not beyond the legal system. Considering the precious value of the forest due to its ecological, economical and social functions, its legal framework is and has always been governed by public law. This is because despite the change from a forest state to some form of forest denationalization, local authorities have kept mastering and controlling forest activity. From the point of view of the administrative body, this justifies the forest being qualified as a subject matter of Administrative Law. Furthermore, on the one hand there is a need to manage public goods, given the acknowledgment of the public nature of the forests depending on the forest regulation and their integration into the private field of the authorities owning them. On the other hand, there is also a need for public service administration, since there is no doubt forest activity belongs to the general interest in spite of its rising dependence on economic competition law. This legitimizes that the forest should be considered a subject matter of Administrative Law as regards the managed goods or the activity that is implemented or attended to. The forest can therefore be called an object of Administrative Law. This qualification seems to be perfectly appropriate to the forest insofar as, being a branch of Public Law, Administrative Law enables the establishment of unequal relationships between the Administration and its citizens. Indeed, only Administrative Law can preserve forest multifunctionality or in other words the general interest
Girard, Michel F. "La forêt dénaturée : les discours sur la conservation de la forêt québécoise au tournant du XXe siècle." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5447.
Full textDe, Caluwe Nicolas. "Etude préliminaire sur les possibilités d'utilisation des images du capteur AVHRR des satellites atmosphériques de la NOAA pour la détection des zones brûlées dans les Ghâts occidentaux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210765.
Full textPugnet, Lilian. "Vulnérabilité des interfaces habitat-forêt à l'aléa incendie de forêt. : Évaluation couplant dires d’experts et simulation physique d’exposition." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2010/document.
Full textVulnerability is not a well-known component of forest fire risk. It is usually assessed through experts’ opinions. It can be assessed more objectively after a disaster par measuring damages, if the attributes of the disaster are known. We propose a model for vulnerability assessment formulated with a multi-criteria analysis of experts’ opinions. This one is validated by using a physical model for exposure assessment. Its inputs are provided by a fire propagation model. The system is calibrated based on the analysis of damages induced by a real wildfire. Results demonstrate the consistency of a vulnerability model based on spatial variables
Allène, Cédric. "Paradigmes de segmentation de graphe : comparaisons et applications en traitement d'images." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532601.
Full textTerreaux, Jean-Philippe. "Principes de gestion des investissements en forêt." Toulouse 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10002.
Full textStudy of the fundamental principles of investments in the forest sector and comparison with existing criterions. Impacts of different taxation and subsidies systems on forest management and profitability and on the wood production. Methods for integrating multiple uses (in theory and on examples). Macroeconomic problems of reforestation programs taking into account the wood-demand. Introduction of economic risks (variation of wood prices), and of forestry risks (forest fires. . . ); analysis of some insurance problems and of the decision of harvest. Consequences of the search of sustained-yield in a risky world. In appendix : some elements on the evolution of the international wood-demand and -supply
Husson, Jean-Pierre. "La forêt lorraine : étude de géographie humaine." Metz, 1987. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1987/Husson.Jean_Pierre.LMZ8703_1.pdf.
Full textForests are an essential component of the lorraine landscape and environment and a valuable part of the heritage of the province. Therefore, they play an important part in country planning schemes and are still considered in many cases as a stake to be taken into account. An analysis of wooded areas is a reliable testimony of the success or failure of the successive planning policies applied and the various harmful actions it had to suffer (inconsistencies of the re-structuring schemes, preference given to resinous species, damages due to wars, annexion : 1871-1918. The area covered by forests has risen by 100 000 ha since 1945 and this development has been paired with an increase of the proportion of tall fully-grown trees in decicuous forests. The timber industry has become a very promising branch for the economy of lorraine, though results are rather fluctuating. Its future is closely linked to the development of research in sylviculture and the existence of an innovative and efficient forest management sector. Though it exposed to many threats (acid rain, various forms of pollution, encroaching urbanisation, extension of fallow land) the forest contributes greatly to the quality of lorraine landscapes and should make the re-structuring process of the local economy easier (timber industry line, tourism and leisure activities)
Frantz, Marcel. "Etude linguistique de la forêt haut-marnaise." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL005.
Full textSinghal, Dhruv. "Forêt de nanofils semiconducteurs pour la thermoélectricité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY016/document.
Full textThermoelectric conversion has gained renewed interest based on the possibilities of increasing the efficiencies while exploiting the size effects. For instance, nanowires theoretically show increased power factors along with reduced phonon transport owing to confinement and/or size effects. In this context, the diameter of the nanowires becomes a crucial parameter to address in order to obtain high thermoelectric efficiencies. A usual approach is directed towards reducing the phononic thermal conductivity in nanowires by achieving enhanced boundary scattering while reducing diameters.In this work, thermal characterisation of a dense forest of silicon, germanium, silicon-germanium and Bi2Te3 alloy nanowires is done through a sensitive 3ω method. These forest of nanowires for silicon, germanium and silicon-germanium alloy were grown through bottom-up technique following the Vapour-Liquid-Solid mechanism in Chemical vapour deposition. The template-assisted and gold catalyst growth of nanowires with controlled diameters was achieved with the aid of tuneable nanoporous alumina as templates. The nanowires are grown following the internal geometry of the nanopores, in such a case the surface profile of the nanowires can be modified according to the fabricated geometry of nanopores. Benefiting from this fact, high-density growth of diameter-modulated nanowires was also demonstrated, where the amplitude and the period of modulation can be easily tuned during the fabrication of the templates. Even while modulating the diameters during growth, the nanowires were structurally characterised to be monocrystalline through transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.The thermal characterisation of these nanowires revealed a strong diameter dependent decrease in the thermal conductivity, where the reduction was predominantly linked to strong boundary scattering. The mean free path contribution to the thermal conductivity observed in the bulk of fabricated nanowire materials vary a lot, where Bi2Te3 has strikingly low mean free path distribution (0.1 nm to 15 nm) as compared to the other materials. Even then, reduced thermal conductivities (~40%) were observed in these alloys attributed to boundary and impurity scattering. On the other hand, silicon and germanium have higher thermal conductivity with a larger mean free path distribution. In these nanowires, a significant reduction (10-15 times) was observed with a strong dependence on the size of the nanowires.While size effects reduce the thermal conductivity by enhanced boundary scattering, doping these nanowires can incorporate mass-difference scattering at atomic length scales. The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity was determined for doped nanowires of silicon to observe a reduction in thermal conductivity to a value of 4.6 W.m-1K-1 in highly n-doped silicon nanowires with 38 nm diameter. Taking into account the electrical conductivity and calculated Seebeck coefficient, a ZT of 0.5 was observed. With these significant increase in the efficiency of silicon as a thermoelectric material, a real practical application to devices is not far from reality
Pelissier, Raphaël. "Relations entre l'hétérogénéité spatiale et la dynamique de renouvellement d'une forêt dense humide sempervirente (Forêt d'Uppangala - Ghâts occidentaux de l'Inde)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00488916.
Full textDorveaux, Lionel. "Le régime juridique de la forêt : état du droit applicable à la forêt en France et du droit forestier luxembourgeois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0338/document.
Full textFrench and Luxembourg forests are economic areas for the production of wood products. Public forests and private forests are not subject to the same legislative framework. This explains the differences in forest management policy according to forest ownership in the planning and management phases, and in the implementation of forestry and harvesting operations. Also, forest multifunctionality is of great environmental importance in the broadest sense. Sustainably managed forested areas protect biotic and abiotic factors. Although forestry law was specifically intended to protect wood products production capacity, it appears at present to be a preventive and repressive tool to support the achievement of forest-related economic, ecological and social missions. In addition, the complex relationship between forests and society demands constant reevaluation of the importance and organization of public access to forest areas. Sharing a common history, France and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg have adopted analogous theoretical approaches to forest legislation. This is brought into focus by the revealing nature of sectoral differences as to the stakes at issue and concerns faced by forest managers to ensure the sustainability of the forest, of its component species, of its habitats and the living environment it offers
Pélissier, Raphaël. "Relations entre l'hétérogénéité spatiale et la dynamique de renouvellement d'une forêt dense humide sempervirente (forêt d'Uppangala - Ghâts occidentaux de l'Inde)." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10244.
Full textLavoie, Nathalie. "Régionalisation des dangers d'incendie de forêt par télédétection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25329.pdf.
Full textHumbert, Geneviève. "Les usagers de la forêt et le droit." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA020030.
Full textCamus, Gayán Pablo. "La forêt et la gestion forestière au Chili." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20060.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to comprehend the manners in which the exploitation of forests in Chile has been administrated and perceived. It examines the succession of modernization policies and the meanings of the decisions that were taken according to the knowledge of each period. It also analyses the impact of human actions on the forest, the attempts made to mitigate them by means of legislation and economic incentives, and the consequences of those management policies whose purpose was aimed at organizing territory. This thesis proves that the end of the nineteenth century and facing intense exploitation of native forests and diverse untenable productive methods, the forest plantation became part of a conservationist discourse which proposed them as a way to protect soils from erosion. But, just as it happened in Europe, at the beginning of the eighties of the twentieth century, forestation was strongly criticized by ecological organizations who vigorously rejected forestry modernization since plantations were being extended causing a monotonous and homogenous landscape which threatened the biodiversity of a territory with contained a high degree of endemism. Furthermore they stimulated rural migration which led to the end of peasant life culture
Thomas, Julien. "Apprentissage supervisé de données déséquilibrées par forêt aléatoire." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22004/document.
Full textThe problem of imbalanced datasets in supervised learning has emerged relatively recently, since the data mining has become a technology widely used in industry. The assisted medical diagnosis, the detection of fraud, abnormal phenomena, or specific elements on satellite imagery, are examples of industrial applications based on supervised learning of imbalanced datasets. The goal of our work is to bring supervised learning process on this issue. We also try to give an answer about the specific requirements of performance often related to the problem of imbalanced datasets, such as a high recall rate for the minority class. This need is reflected in our main application, the development of software to help radiologist in the detection of breast cancer. For this, we propose new methods of amending three different stages of a learning process. First in the sampling stage, we propose in the case of a bagging, to replaced classic bootstrap sampling by a guided sampling. Our techniques, FUNSS and LARSS use neighbourhood properties for the selection of objects. Secondly, for the representation space, our contribution is a method of variables construction adapted to imbalanced datasets. This method, the algorithm FuFeFa, is based on the discovery of predictive association rules. Finally, at the stage of aggregation of base classifiers of a bagging, we propose to optimize the majority vote in using weightings. For this, we have introduced a new quantitative measure of model assessment, PRAGMA, which allows taking into account user specific needs about recall and precision rates of each class
Cavalcanti, Porto Katia. "Analyse floristique et écologique de la bryoflore d'une forêt de plaine et d'une forêt d'altitude moyenne dans l'état de Pernambuco (Brésil)." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120035.
Full textCollinet, Frédérique. "Essai de regroupements des principales espèces structurantes d'une forêt dense humide d'après l'analyse de leur répartition spatiale (forêt de Paracou - Guyane)." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10090.
Full textGahard, Claude F. "An estimation of the ability to forecast boundary layer mixing height and wind parameters through forecast verification over Fort Ord." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FGahard.pdf.
Full textThesis advisor(s): Wendell A. Nuss, David S. Brown. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66). Also available online.
Lescuyer, Guillaume. "Evaluation économique et gestion viable de la forêt tropicale." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007987.
Full textElle est développée en trois temps.
La première partie décrit les présupposés théoriques et les instruments de mise en œuvre du modèle de gestion économique de l'environnement. L'exercice d'évaluation économique des ressources apparaît au centre de ce modèle car il fonde l'arbitrage entre les options envisageables d'utilisation de l'environnement. Une application est proposée pour l'étude de cas.
Après avoir passé en revue les caractéristiques économiques, sociales et écologiques de la zone d'étude, la deuxième partie teste l'applicabilité des méthodes d'évaluation monétaire des actifs naturels en forêt tropicale. Cette expérience est menée en deux temps : (1) estimation de la valeur d'usage direct de la forêt (valeur économique des bois sur pied, des produits pharmaceutiques traditionnels et des produits de cueillette alimentaires) ; (2) estimation des valeurs d'usage indirect et de non-usage.
La troisième partie discute la pertinence du modèle de gestion économique appliqué à la forêt tropicale. Elle montre que cette approche, car partielle et partiale, n'est pas en mesure d'apprécier les variables explicatives majeures de l'usage des ressources. Un autre mode de coordination des actions sur le milieu est présenté, celui d'une gestion " en bien commun ". Une application de cette approche " patrimoniale " est réalisée pour l'étude de cas.
Fosse, Viviane. "Le régime juridique de l'exploitation de la forêt privée." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32012.
Full textPrivate forests, representing 2 3rd of the total wooded areas, are very parcelled out, and therefore difficult to manage. Besides, exploitation requires the knowledge of all the regulations on this subject. But the legal texts, quite numerous, are coming from various fields of law such as the forest law, the town-planning law, and particularly the civi l law. Moreover, according to its surface area and specificity, different legal systems apply, and sometimes even the laws specific to the public forests apply. The forest code gives the general rules to respect in order to exploit the private forest by assigning it the three following roles: - an ecological role for its conservation in this respect, som forests are classified by the forest code (forest of more than 4 ha). Or by the town planning laws (for forests of less than 4 ha). Forests located in the moutains are also being protected. At last, conservation of the forest is allowed by prohibiting its destruction by fire or non-justified clearing. -an econominal role. The forest must be managed rationally. In this respect, the regional centre of the forest propriety can help private owners (advice for establishin g a easy plan of management, or creation of a management unit such as the forest group). Sometimes, the private forest can be managed by contract by the national office of forests. Financial helps and tax advantages willeven encourage rational and lasting management. Forest activities are, inprivate forests, compared to agricultural activities. . A social role, as far as the forest can be opened to the public for walking or hunting
Ulloa, chacón Juan. "Estimation de la diversité acoustique animale en forêt néotropicale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS120.
Full textAcoustic signalling is a common behavioural trait among terrestrial animals. The rich sound textures of neotropical forest echo that wildlife is not only abundant, but also diverse and dynamic. This facet of biodiversity can reveal valuable insights of animal communities inhabiting tropical environments, yet remains poorly understood. How to best measure tropical acoustic diversity to address ecological questions? Based on the ecoacoustic framework, we explored the soundscape of neotropical forest, revealing patterns and investigating the ecological underlying processes. First, we tracked the spatiotemporal dynamics of an amazonian soundmark, the song of the bird Lipaugus vociferans, showing activity patterns related to specific habitat features. Then, we investigated amphibian communities with very brief reproduction periods. Coupling acoustic and environmental variables, we shed light on the causes, patterns and consequences of explosive breeding events. Finally, we adapted novel computational tools from the machine learning and pattern recognition disciplines to provide an efficient, objective and replicable analysis of large acoustic datasets. Ecoacoustics, powered with computer algorithms, emerge as a suitable approach to scale-up biodiversity monitoring programs, allowing to better understand and cherish the unique diversity of life sustained by tropical forest
Allouis, Tristan. "Spécification de paramètres techniques et stratégie d'échantillonnage pour la conception de nouveaux capteurs lidars dédiés à la cartographie de forêts." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0086/document.
Full textForesters need tools to map the tree species, tree heights, stand structure and biomass. Although the airborne lidar (Light detection and ranging) technology does not give access to all these variables, it can provide quick, accurate and spatially explicit measurements of tree heights and biomass over large surfaces. However, lidar systems currently used have not been specially designed to performed vegetation studies. The adjustment of the technical characteristics of such systems is expected to improve the accuracy of retrieved forest parameters. Consequently, the objective of this thesis is to determine configurations of lidar sensors dedicated to the study of forest vegetation, and to propose methods designed to extract forest parameters depending on the different configurations. The ability of different resolutions (footprint size and spatial sampling), wavelengths and sampling modes of the backscattered signal to measure forest parameters (canopy height and density, crown size and also volume and biomass) was evaluated. The studies were conducted from tree to stand level, on experimental or simulated data. In a first part, we developed methods to process classic airborne lidar data (scanner system, tens of centimeter footprint, 5 measurements/m², near-infrared laser) for the estimation of the biomass of individual trees. In this study, we demonstrated the contribution of new data called "Full-waveform" (recording the entire signal) compared to traditional multi-echoes data (extraction of the most significant echoes). In a second part, we performed an experiment using a Comissariat of Energy Atomique (CEA)'s lidar prototype onboard an ultra-light aircraft (profiler system, 2.4 m footprint, 2.4 m spacing between two measurements along the flight line, ultraviolet laser). Such a configuration did not allow to measure individual trees, but we were able to study variations in forest structure at the plot level (30 m diameter). Having demonstrated the ability of an ultraviolet lidar to perform vegetation studies, this sensor opens the way to the development of bi-functional lidar for both atmosphere and vegetation remote sensing. In a third part, large footprint lidar signals (tens of meters on the ground) were simulated from the aggregation of classical airborne lidar signals. We proposed a method for modeling the signal dynamics of satellite lidars in different forest types, in order to calibrate the energy to emit for a future space-borne mission. The main problem with large-footprint size is the strong influence of topography on accurate measurements of tree heights in steep areas. We consequently developed a method to correct this effect, thus increasing the accuracy of tree height retrieval. This approach also opened new perspectives in topography assessment from large-footprint data in forest environments
Ben, Dhiaf Zouhour. "Fusion de sources d'information pour l'interprétation d'images de télédétection moyenne et haute résolution : application à l'inventaire forestier." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0434/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop an information source fusion system based on belief functions theory (BFT) and adapted t forest images context (especially high resolution images). Applications of BFT to image classification result in th assignment of each image point to a c1ass or a subset of classes based on the mass functions estimation expressing th belief of an event. BFT leads to significant computation time when the cardinality of the set of definition become large. Thus, we first proposed a method to reduce the frame of discernment in order te avoid the combinatorial explosio by restricting the calculation on the hypotheses of the set of definition deduced from the classes histograms determine from the learning phase. Then, we proposed spectral, texturai, contextual and structural mass functions technique estimation. Multi-fractal information was used as texture signature and Hôlder image has been a source ( information for estimating the texturai mass. Another contribution is the integration of trees crowns image as derive source and the proposai of an approach to mass transfer based on contextual information inside and outside a crown. Th implementation of detection trees crowns algorithms allowed us to extract measurements on trees. These measurement are used as attributes for mass functions estimation. Our experiments and comparisons with other methods show quit satisfactory classification rate with spectral and textural approaches and adequacy of our fusion approach to contextu and structural information for trees classification
Meha, Christelle. "Forêt et risque de santé publique : le cas de la borréliose de Lyme. Application à la forêt périurbaine de Sénart (Île-de-France)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980387.
Full textBrun, Stéphane. "De l'erg à la forêt : dynamique des unités paysagères d'un boisement en région littorale : forêt des dunes de Menzel Belgacem, Cap Bon, Tunisie." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/brun/paris4/2006/brun/html/index-frames.html.
Full textIn the Cap Bon peninsula, located in the north-eastern Tunisia, the forestation of the Menzel Belgacem's dunes constitutes one of the first attempt of forest creating during the French protectorate. From 1930, sands have been gradually stabilized and today the new forest came over the sand deposits. The Dar Chichou's forest, more than 6000 adjoining hectares, represents an striking example of Mediterranean dunal forest. Before all this study seek to draw up the balance sheet of the interventions conducted by the forest services from the beginning of the 20th century. The approach is based on the use of remote sensing data, compared with field information, for the build-up of a landscape units map. The Northern area of the Cap Bon, where the stamp of the coast is omnipresent, is characterized by a fast evolution of the natural habitat and by heavy landscapes changes. Many projects are planned and the society expectations are becoming insistent and often contradictory. Thus our thesis aim to analyse the changes assigned to the landscapes features. The comparison of georeferenced and multidate data allows to follow up the evolution of the rural landscape in the northern Cap Bon from 1900. It shows a sensitive change of the landscapes which illustrate itself by the progressive forestation of the large dunal sling of Dar Chichou. We endeavour to demonstrate the interest of such a methodology in reaching recommendation of new terms management able to fit the various functions of the forest habitat