Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Images de télédétection – Classification'
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Maggiori, Emmanuel. "Approches d'apprentissage pour la classification à large échelle d'images de télédétection." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4041/document.
Full textThe analysis of airborne and satellite images is one of the core subjects in remote sensing. In recent years, technological developments have facilitated the availability of large-scale sources of data, which cover significant extents of the earth’s surface, often at impressive spatial resolutions. In addition to the evident computational complexity issues that arise, one of the current challenges is to handle the variability in the appearance of the objects across different geographic regions. For this, it is necessary to design classification methods that go beyond the analysis of individual pixel spectra, introducing higher-level contextual information in the process. In this thesis, we first propose a method to perform classification with shape priors, based on the optimization of a hierarchical subdivision data structure. We then delve into the use of the increasingly popular convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn deep hierarchical contextual features. We investigate CNNs from multiple angles, in order to address the different points required to adapt them to our problem. Among other subjects, we propose different solutions to output high-resolution classification maps and we study the acquisition of training data. We also created a dataset of aerial images over dissimilar locations, and assess the generalization capabilities of CNNs. Finally, we propose a technique to polygonize the output classification maps, so as to integrate them into operational geographic information systems, thus completing the typical processing pipeline observed in a wide number of applications. Throughout this thesis, we experiment on hyperspectral, atellite and aerial images, with scalability, generalization and applicability goals in mind
El, Ghouat Mohamed Abdelwafi. "Classification markovienne pyramidale adaptation de l'algorithme ICM aux images de télédétection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26379.pdf.
Full textTrias-Sanz, Roger. "Semi-automatic rural land cover classification from high resolution remote sensing images." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05S005.
Full textThis thesis presents a complete image analisys system which, from high-resolution 3 or 4-channel digital images (50 cm, colour and optionally near infrared), and using the cadastre database, segments the images into agriculturally-homogeneous regions, (fields, forests, vines, and so on) and classifies these regions, tagging each classified region with a confidence measure which indicates the system's confidence in each classification. It includes a study of the value of texture features and transformed colour spaces for segmentation and classification, two methods for registering a graph onto an image, a novel probability model and associated per-region classification algorithms, and a high precision period and orientation estimator
Quirin, Arnaud. "Découverte de règles de classification par approche évolutive : Application aux images de télédétection." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13193.
Full textAudebert, Nicolas. "Classification de données massives de télédétection." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS502/document.
Full textThanks to high resolution imaging systems and multiplication of data sources, earth observation(EO) with satellite or aerial images has entered the age of big data. This allows the development of new applications (EO data mining, large-scale land-use classification, etc.) and the use of tools from information retrieval, statistical learning and computer vision that were not possible before due to the lack of data. This project is about designing an efficient classification scheme that can benefit from very high resolution and large datasets (if possible labelled) for creating thematic maps. Targeted applications include urban land use, geology and vegetation for industrial purposes.The PhD thesis objective will be to develop new statistical tools for classification of aerial andsatellite image. Beyond state-of-art approaches that combine a local spatial characterization of the image content and supervised learning, machine learning approaches which take benefit from large labeled datasets for training classifiers such that Deep Neural Networks will be particularly investigated. The main issues are (a) structured prediction (how to incorporate knowledge about the underlying spatial and contextual structure), (b) data fusion from various sensors (how to merge heterogeneous data such as SAR, hyperspectral and Lidar into the learning process ?), (c) physical plausibility of the analysis (how to include prior physical knowledge in the classifier ?) and (d) scalability (how to make the proposed solutions tractable in presence of Big RemoteSensing Data ?)
Dos, santos Jefersson Alex. "Semi-automatic Classification of Remote Sensing Images." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878612.
Full textLagrange, Adrien. "From representation learning to thematic classification - Application to hierarchical analysis of hyperspectral images." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0095.
Full textNumerous frameworks have been developed in order to analyze the increasing amount of available image data. Among those methods, supervised classification has received considerable attention leading to the development of state-of-the-art classification methods. These methods aim at inferring the class of each observation given a specific class nomenclature by exploiting a set of labeled observations. Thanks to extensive research efforts of the community, classification methods have become very efficient. Nevertheless, the results of a classification remains a highlevel interpretation of the scene since it only gives a single class to summarize all information in a given pixel. Contrary to classification methods, representation learning methods are model-based approaches designed especially to handle high-dimensional data and extract meaningful latent variables. By using physic-based models, these methods allow the user to extract very meaningful variables and get a very detailed interpretation of the considered image. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a unified framework for classification and representation learning. These two methods provide complementary approaches allowing to address the problem using a hierarchical modeling approach. The representation learning approach is used to build a low-level model of the data whereas classification is used to incorporate supervised information and may be seen as a high-level interpretation of the data. Two different paradigms, namely Bayesian models and optimization approaches, are explored to set up this hierarchical model. The proposed models are then tested in the specific context of hyperspectral imaging where the representation learning task is specified as a spectral unmixing problem
DUPUIS, XAVIER ROLAND GEORGES. "Etude de modeles non-lineaires dans le cadre de l'imagerie coherente. Application a la classification et a l'interferometrie d'image radar a ouverture synthetique." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5342.
Full textBlansché, Alexandre. "Classification non supervisée avec pondération d'attributs par des méthodes évolutionnaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/BLANSCHE_Alexandre_2006.pdf.
Full textLehureau, Gabrielle. "Fusion de données optique et radar à haute résolution en milieu urbain." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0035.
Full textThe increasing quality of satellite images has generated interest in extracting man-made structures. Optical and radar sensors deliver images with unlike physical properties, thus it is interesting to fuse such images in order to benefit from joint observation. Such a process begins with registration of these images. We propose an automatic registration of radar and optical images without using sensors parameters. First, a rigid transformation is determined using a multi-scale pyramid of features representing the contours of roads and buildings. Secondly, a polynomial transformation is determined. The coefficients are obtained by associating points in both images using mutual information. We also developped a classification process in order to identify all scene objects. This method used both information from optical and radar images and svm classifier. We proved in this part a good robustness to segmentation and the interest of using both data to improve the classification, especially for roads and buildings. Finally we present an original method of fine registration for the buildings based on the assumption that “a trained classifier can recognize registrated buildings from unregistrated“. So, buildings are classified considering many translations in order to determine the good one. We also show the importance of contextual information to improve the fine registration, especially for buildings
Abadi, Mohamed. "Couleur et texture pour la représentation et la classification d'images satellite multi-résolutions." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0215.
Full textLand use mapping and characterization are very important for local and national institutions. These institutions are nowadays searching for specifie and specialized tools that can distinguish betweendifferent land covers. This research work proposes to use different methods for satellite image processing. Allowing a strong and reliable land cover classification. The conceptual and experimental design has been developed as it follows. First, an optimal description of ail images is done. Then, COIOL and texture attributs are defined and computed. Finally, sorne algorithm classifications are realized. The optimal description of ail images is made by (i) determination of the hybrid colour space to obtain a good discrimination of this classes while correlation between space components is mininized. (ii) merging a high spatial resolution panchromatic image with a low spatial resolution multispectral image in order to obtain a high spatial and spectral resolutions image. Attributes are then extracted to characterize land cover classes using colour and texture information through different approaches (statistics, geometry, frequency, fractal, multifractal). At last, different classification techniques are applied (SVM, MMG, K-means, ISODATA) in order to separate forest areas from agriculturc parcels. Our work originality is based on the construction of a hybrid colour space derived from the image intensity, saturation and hue omponents using a multiobjective approach that integrates the correlation and discriminating power. This same space ls used in the merging images process in order to aeneralize the perceptual methods
Cano, Emmanuelle. "Cartographie des formations végétales naturelles à l’échelle régionale par classification de séries temporelles d’images satellitaires." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20024/document.
Full textForest cover mapping is an essential tool for forest management. Detailed maps, characterizing forest types at a régional scale, are needed. This need can be fulfilled by médium spatial resolution optical satellite images time sériés. This thesis aims at improving the supervised classification procédure applied to a time sériés, to produce maps detailing forest types at a régional scale. To meet this goal, the improvement of the results obtained by the classification of a MODIS time sériés, performed with a stratification of the study area, was assessed. An improvement of classification accuracy due to stratification built by object-based image analysis was observed, with an increase of the Kappa index value and an increase of the reject fraction rate. These two phenomena are correlated to the classified végétation area. A minimal and a maximal value were identified, respectively related to a too high reject fraction rate and a neutral stratification impact.We carried out a second study, aiming at assessing the influence of the médium spatial resolution time sériés organization and of the algorithm on classification quality. Three distinct classification algorithms (maximum likelihood, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest) and several time sériés were studied. A significant improvement due to temporal and radiométrie effects and the superiority of Random Forest were highlighted by the results. Thematic confusions and low user's and producer's accuracies were still observed for several classes. We finally studied the improvement brought by a spatial resolution change for the images composing the time sériés to discriminate classes of mixed forest species. The conclusions of the former study (MODIS images) were confirmed with DEIMOS images. We can conclude that these effects are independent from input data and their spatial resolution. A significant improvement was also observed with an increase of the Kappa index value from 0,60 with MODIS data to 0,72 with DEIMOS data, due to a decrease of the mixed pixels rate
Troya-Galvis, Andrès. "Approche collaborative et qualité des données et des connaissances en analyse multi-paradigme d'images de télédétection." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD040/document.
Full textAutomatic interpretation of very high spatial resolution remotely sensed images is a complex but necessary task. Object-based image analysis approaches are commonly used to deal with this kind of images. They consist in applying an image segmentation algorithm in order to construct the abjects of interest, and then classifying them using data-mining methods. Most of the existing work in this domain consider the segmentation and the classification independently. However, these two crucial steps are closely related. ln this thesis, we propose two different approaches which are based on data and knowledge quality in order to initialize, guide, and evaluate a segmentation and classification collaborative process. 1. The first approach is based on a mono-class extraction strategy allowing us to focus on the particular properties of a given thematic class in order to accurately label the abjects of this class. 2. The second approach deals with multi-class extraction and offers two strategies to aggregate several mono-class extractors to get a final and completely labelled image
Fontes, De Avila Sandra Eliza. "Extended bag-of-words formalism for image classification." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066212.
Full textIn this dissertation, we have addressed the problem of representing images based on their visual information. Our aim is content-based concept detection in images and videos, with a novel representation that enriches the Bag-of-Words model. Relying on the quantization of highly discriminant local descriptors by a codebook, and the aggregation of those quantized descriptors into a single pooled feature vector, the Bag-of-Words model has emerged as the most promising approach for image classification. We propose BossaNova, a novel image representation which offers a more information-preserving pooling operation based on a distance-to-codeword distribution. The experimental evaluations on many challenging image classification benchmarks, such as ImageCLEF Photo Annotation, MIRFLICKR, PASCAL VOC and 15-Scenes, have shown the advantage of BossaNova when compared to traditional techniques, even without using complex combinations of different local descriptors. An extension of our approach has also been studied. It concerns the combination of BossaNova representation with another representation very competitive based on Fisher Vectors. The results consistently reaches other state-of-the-art representations in many datasets. It also experimentally demonstrate the complementarity of the two approaches. This study allowed us to achieve, in the competition ImageCLEF 2012 Flickr Photo Annotation Task, the 2nd among the 28 visual submissions
Ursani, Ahsan Ahmad. "Fusion multiniveau pour la classification d'images de télédétection à très haute résolution spatiale." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922645.
Full textKurtz, Camille. "Une approche collaborative segmentation - classification pour l'analyse descendante d'images multirésolutions." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735217.
Full textDenize, Julien. "Evaluation of time-series SAR and optical images for the study of winter land-use." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S062.
Full textThe study of winter land-use is a major challenge in order to preserve and improve the quality of soils and surface water. However, knowledge of the spatio-temporal dynamics associated with winter land-use remains a challenge for the scientific community. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of time series of high spatial resolution optical and SAR images for the study of winter land-use at a local and regional scale. For that purpose, a methodology has been established to: (i) determine the most suitable classification method for identifying winter land-use ; (ii) compare Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical images; (iii) define the most suitable SAR configuration by comparing three image time-series (Alos-2, Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1).The results first of all highlighted the interest of the Random Forest classification algorithm to discriminate at a fine scale the different types of land use in winter. Secondly, they showed the value of Sentinel-2 data for mapping winter land-use at a local and regional scale. Finally, they determined that a dense time series of Sentinel-1 images was the most appropriate SAR configuration to identify winter land-use. In general, while this thesis has shown that Sentinel-2 data are best suited to studying land use in winter, SAR images are of great interest in regions with significant cloud cover, dense Sentinel-1 time-series having being defined as the most efficient
Derivaux, Sébastien. "Construction et classification d'objets à partir d'images de télédétection par une approche itérative guidée par des connaissance du domaine." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6145.
Full textKulikova, Maria. "Shape recognition for image scene analysis." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4081.
Full textThis thesis includes two main parts. In the first part we address the problem of tree crown classification into species using shape features, without, or in combination with, those of radiometry and texture, to demonstrate that shape information improves classification performance. For this purpose, we first study the shapes of tree crowns extracted from very high resolution aerial infra-red images. For our study, we choose a methodology based on the shape analysis of closed continuous curves on shape spaces using geodesic paths under the bending metric with the angle function curve representation, and the elastic metric with the square root q-function representation? A necessary preliminary step to classification is extraction of the tree crowns. In the second part, we address thus the problem of extraction of multiple objects with complex, arbitrary shape from remote sensing images of very high resolution. We develop a model based on marked point process. Its originality lies on its use of arbitrarily-shaped objects as opposed to parametric shape objects, e. G. Ellipses or rectangles. The shapes considered are obtained by local minimisation of an energy of contour active type with weak and the strong shape prior knowledge included. The objects in the final (optimal) configuration are then selected from amongst these candidates by a birth-and-death dynamics embedded in an annealing scheme. The approach is validated on very high resolutions of forest provided by the Swedish University of Agriculture
Sellaouti, Aymen. "Méthode collaborative de segmentation et classification d'objets à partir d'images de télédétection à très haute résolution spatiale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD032/document.
Full textObject based image analysis is a rising research area in remote sensing. However, existing approaches heavily rely on the object construction process, mainly due to the lack of interaction between the two steps, i.e., Construction and identification.In this thesis, we focused on the study of the construction phase (i.e., segmentation) as a basis for the proposed approaches. The first proposed approach is based on a hierarchical semantic growth. This approach allows merging region-growing algorithms and Object Based Image Analysis approaches. Due to the dependency of the semantic growth on the seed class, we propose two adaptations of the approach on the most used class in the urban context, i.e., roadsand buildings. The second approach benefits of both multi-agent systems and genetic algorithms characteristics. It overcomes the threshold’s dependency of the proposed cooperative multi-agent system between an edge approach and a region approach. The genetic algorithm is used to automatically find building extraction parameters for each agent based on expert knowledge. The proposed approaches have been validated on a very high-resolution image of the urban area of Strasbourg
Kennel, Pol. "Caractérisation de texture par analyse en ondelettes complexes pour la segmentation d’image : applications en télédétection et en écologie forestière." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20215/document.
Full textThe analysis of digital images, albeit widely researched, continues to present a real challenge today. In the case of several applications which aim to produce an appropriate description and semantic recognition of image content, particular attention is required to be given to image analysis. In response to such requirements, image content analysis is carried out automatically with the help of computational methods that tend towards the domains of mathematics, statistics and physics. The use of image segmentation methods is a relevant and recognized way to represent objects observed in images. Coupled with classification, segmentation allows a semantic segregation of these objects. However, existing methods cannot be considered to be generic, and despite having been inspired by various domains (military, medical, satellite etc), they are continuously subject to reevaluation, adaptation or improvement. For example satellite images stand out in the image domain in terms of the specificity of their mode of acquisition, their format, or the object of observation (the Earth, in this case).The aim of the present thesis is to explore, by exploiting the notion of texture, methods of digital image characterization and supervised segmentation. Land, observed from space at different scales and resolutions, could be perceived as being textured. Land-use maps could be obtained through the segmentation of satellite images, in particular through the use of textural information. We propose to develop competitive algorithms of segmentation to characterize texture, using multi-scale representations of images obtained by wavelet decomposition and supervised classifiers such as Support Vector Machines.Given this context, the present thesis is principally articulated around various research projects which require the study of images at different scales and resolutions, and which are varying in nature (eg. multi-spectral, optic, LiDAR). Certain aspects of the methodology developed are applied to the different case studies undertaken
Belarte, Bruno. "Extraction, analyse et utilisation de relations spatiales entre objets d'intérêt pour une analyse d'images de télédétection guidée par des connaissances du domaine." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD011/document.
Full textThe new remote sensors allow the acquisition of very high spatial resolution images at high speeds, thus producing alarge volume of data. Manual processing of these data has become impossible, new tools are needed to process them automatically. Effective segmentation algorithms are required to extract objects of interest of these images. However, the produced segments do not match to objects of interest, making it difficult to use expert knowledge.In this thesis we propose to change the level of interpretation of an image in order to see the objects of interest of the expert as objects composed of segments. For this purpose, we have implemented a multi-level learning process in order to learn composition rules. Such a composition rule can then be used to extract corresponding objects of interest.In a second step, we propose to use the composition rules learning algorithm as a first step of a bottom-up top-down approach. This processing chain aims at improving the classification from contextual knowledge and expert information.Composed objects of higher semantic level are extracted from learned rules or rules provided by the expert, and this new information is used to update the classification of objects at lower levels.The proposed method has been tested and validated on Pléiades images representing the city of Strasbourg. The results show the effectiveness of the composition rules learning algorithm to make the link between expert knowledge and segmentation, as well as the interest of the use of contextual information in the analysis of remotely sensed very high spatial resolution images
Idoughi, Ramzi. "Caractérisation de polluants atmosphériques à haute résolution spatiale par télédétection optique." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0013/document.
Full textThe air pollution is a very important issue for industrialized society, both in terms of health (respiratory diseases, allergies,. . . ) and in terms of climate change (global warming and greenhouse gas emissions). Anthropogenic sources, especially industrial, emit into the atmosphere gases and aerosols, which play an important role in atmospheric exchanges. However emissions remain poorly estimated as most of existing space sensors have a limited spectral range as well as a too low spatial resolution. The use of the new hyperspectral airborne image sensors in the infrared range opens the way to new development to improve the plume characterization. In our work, we developed a new method for detecting and characterizing gas plumes. It is based on an accurate non linear formalism of cloud gas radiative impact. This method was validated using synthetic scenes of industrial area, and airborne acquisitions obtained by a hyperspectral thermal infrared sensor
Lassalle, Pierre. "Etude du passage à l'échelle des algorithmes de segmentation et de classification en télédétection pour le traitement de volumes massifs de données." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30261/document.
Full textRecent Earth observation spatial missions will provide very high spectral, spatial and temporal resolution optical images, which represents a huge amount of data. The objective of this research is to propose innovative algorithms to process efficiently such massive datasets on resource-constrained devices. Developing new efficient algorithms which ensure identical results to those obtained without the memory limitation represents a challenging task. The first part of this thesis focuses on the adaptation of segmentation algorithms when the input satellite image can not be stored in the main memory. A naive solution consists of dividing the input image into tiles and segment each tile independently. The final result is built by grouping the segmented tiles together. Applying this strategy turns out to be suboptimal since it modifies the resulting segments compared to those obtained from the segmentation without tiling. A deep study of region-merging segmentation algorithms allows us to develop a tile-based scalable solution to segment images of arbitrary size while ensuring identical results to those obtained without tiling. The feasibility of the solution is shown by segmenting different very high resolution Pléiades images requiring gigabytes to be stored in the memory. The second part of the thesis focuses on supervised learning methods when the training dataset can not be stored in the memory. In the frame of the thesis, we decide to study the Random Forest algorithm which consists of building an ensemble of decision trees. Several solutions have been proposed to adapt this algorithm for processing massive training datasets, but they remain either approximative because of the limitation of memory imposes a reduced visibility of the algorithm on a small portion of the training datasets or inefficient because they need a lot of read and write access on the hard disk. To solve those issues, we propose an exact solution ensuring the visibility of the algorithm on the whole training dataset while minimizing read and write access on the hard disk. The running time is analysed by varying the dimension of the training dataset and shows that our proposed solution is very competitive with other existing solutions and can be used to process hundreds of gigabytes of data
Pham, Minh Tân. "Pointwise approach for texture analysis and characterization from very high resolution remote sensing images." Thesis, Télécom Bretagne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELB0403/document.
Full textThis thesis work proposes a novel pointwise approach for texture analysis in the scope of very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing imagery. This approach takes into consideration only characteristic pixels, not all pixels of the image, to represent and characterize textural features. Due to the fact that increasing the spatial resolution of satellite sensors leads to the lack of stationarity hypothesis in the acquired images, such an approach becomes relevant since only the interaction and characteristics of keypoints are exploited. Moreover, as this technique does not need to consider all pixels inside the image like classical dense approaches, it is more capable to deal with large-size image data offered by VHR remote sensing acquisition systems. In this work, our pointwise strategy is performed by exploiting the local maximum and local minimum pixels (in terms of intensity) extracted from the image. It is integrated into several texture analysis frameworks with the help of different techniques and methods such as the graph theory, the covariance-based approach, the geometric distance measurement, etc. As a result, a variety of texture-based applications using remote sensing data (both VHR optical and radar images) are tackled such as image retrieval, segmentation, classification, and change detection, etc. By performing dedicated experiments to each thematic application, the effectiveness and relevance of the proposed approach are confirmed and validated
Karoui, Moussa Sofiane. "Méthodes de séparation aveugle de sources et application à la télédétection spatiale." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790655.
Full textMaleprade, Philippe de. "Analyse de texture : application, sur les images SIR-A, à l'étude du volcanisme récent du Djebel Druze (Syrie)." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112198.
Full textA comparative study of different Texture Analysis methods bas been realized on SIR-A images, and led to automatic classification by bath supervised and non-supervised algorithms. Texture Analysis is a privileged tool for Automatic interpretation of RADAR images. The region investigated is a desertic area in Syria, where our results reveal texture differences which may correspond, for example, to successive lava flows
Lienou, Marie Lauginie. "Apprentissage automatique des classes d'occupation du sol et représentation en mots visuels des images satellitaires." Phd thesis, Paris, ENST, 2009. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00005585.
Full textLand cover recognition from automatic classifications is one of the important methodological researches in remote sensing. Besides, getting results corresponding to the user expectations requires approaching the classification from a semantic point of view. Within this frame, this work aims at the elaboration of automatic methods capable of learning classes defined by cartography experts, and of automatically annotating unknown images based on this classification. Using corine land cover maps, we first show that classical approaches in the state-of-the-art are able to well-identify homogeneous classes such as fields, but have difficulty in finding high-level semantic classes, also called mixed classes because they consist of various land cover categories. To detect such classes, we represent images into visual words, in order to use text analysis tools which showed their efficiency in the field of text mining. By means of supervised and not supervised approaches on one hand, we exploit the notion of semantic compositionality: image structures which are considered as mixtures of land cover types, are detected by bringing out the importance of spatial relations between the visual words. On the other hand, we propose a semantic annotation method using a statistical text analysis model: latent dirichlet allocation. We rely on this mixture model, which requires a bags-of-words representation of images, to properly model high-level semantic classes. The proposed approach and the comparative studies with gaussian and gmm models, as well as svm classifier, are assessed using spot and quickbird images among others
Masse, Antoine. "Développement et automatisation de méthodes de classification à partir de séries temporelles d'images de télédétection - Application aux changements d'occupation des sols et à l'estimation du bilan carbone." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921853.
Full textGressin, Adrien. "Mise à jour d’une base de données d’occupation du sol à grande échelle en milieux naturels à partir d’une image satellite THR." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S022/document.
Full textLand-Cover geospatial databases (LC-BDs) are mandatory inputs for various purposes such as for natural resources monitoring land planning, and public policies management. To improve this monitoring, users look for both better geometric, and better semantic levels of detail. To fulfill such requirements, a large-scale LC-DB is being established at the French National Mapping Agency (IGN). However, to meet the users needs, this DB must be updated as regularly as possible while keeping the initial accuracies. Consequently, automatic updating methods should be set up in order to allow such large-scale computation. Furthermore, Earth observation satellites have been successfully used to the constitution of LC-DB at various scales such as Corine Land Cover (CLC). Nowadays, very high resolution (VHR) sensors, such as Pléiades satellite, allow to product large-scale LC-DB. Consequently, the purpose of this thesis is to propose an automatic updating method of such large-scale LC-DB from VHR monoscopic satellite image (to limit acquisition costs) while ensuring the robustness of the detected changes. Our proposed method is based on a multilevel supervised learning algorithm MLMOL, which allows to best take into account the possibly multiple appearances of each DB classes. This algorithm can be applied to various images and DB data sets, independently of the classifier, and the attributes extracted from the input image. Moreover, the classifications stacking improves the robustness of the method, especially on classes having multiple appearances (e.g., plowed or not plowed fields, stand-alone houses or industrial warehouse buildings, ...). In addition, the learning algorithm is integrated into a processing chain (LUPIN) allowing, first to automatically fit to the different existing DB themes and, secondly, to be robust to in-homogeneous areas. As a result, the method is successfully applied to a Pleiades image on an area near Tarbes (southern France) covered by the IGN large-scale LC-DB. Results show the contribution of Pleiades images (in terms of sub-meter resolution and spectral dynamics). Indeed, thanks to the texture and shape attributes (morphological profiles, SFS, ...), VHR satellite images give good classification results, even on classes such as roads, and buildings that usually require specific methods. Moreover, the proposed method provides relevant change indicators in the area. In addition, our method provides a significant support for the creation of LC-DB obtain by merging several existing DBs. Indeed, our method allows to take a decision when the fusion of initials DBs generates overlapping areas, particularly when such DBs come from different sources with their own specification. In addition, our method allows to fill potential gaps in the coverage of such generating DB, but also to extend the data to the coverage of a larger image. Finally, the proposed workflow is applied to different remote sensing data sets in order to assess its versatility and the relevance of such data. Results show that our method is able to deal with such different spatial resolutions data sets (Pléiades at 0.5 m, SPOT 6 at 1.5 m and RapidEye at 5 m), and to take into account the strengths of each sensor, e.g., the RapidEye red-edge channel for discrimination theme forest, the good balance of the SPOT~6 resolution for built-up areas classes and the capability of VHR of Pléiades images to discriminate objects of small spatial extent such as roads or hedge
Idbraim, Soufiane. "Méthodes d'extraction de l'information spatiale et de classification en imagerie de télédétection : applications à la cartographie thématique de la région d'Agadir (Maroc)." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/553/.
Full textThe work of this thesis focuses around two axes: the classification for the mapping of land cover and the extraction of roads from satellite and aerial images. The first axis aims to propose a method of classification which takes in account the spatial information contained in a satellite image. Thus, we developed a method of Markov classification with the search for the optimal solution by an ICM (Iterated Conditional Mode) algorithm. This method is parameterized by a new factor of temperature, this parameter will allow, first, to rule the tolerance of the disadvantageous configurations during the evolution of the classification process, and secondly, to ensure the convergence of the algorithm in a reasonable time of calculation. In parallel, we introduced a new contextual constraint of the segmentation in the algorithm. This constraint will allow, over the iterations, to refine the classification by accentuating the detected details by the segmentation contours. The second axis of this thesis is the extraction of roads from satellite and aerial images. We proposed a completely automatic methodology with an extraction system in blocks which act separately and independently on the image. The first block operates a directional adaptive filtering, allowing detecting roads in each window of the image according to the dominant directions. The second one applies segmentation, and then selects the segments representing roads according to a criterion of the segment form. These two blocks provide a different type of information on the studied image. These results are then complemented with a third block to generate an image of the road network. The performances of the proposed methodologies are verified through examples of satellite and aerial images. In general, the experimental results are encouraging
Masse, Antoine. "Développement et automatisation de méthodes de classification à partir de séries temporelles d'images de télédétection : application aux changements d'occupation des sols et à l'estimation du bilan carbone." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2106/.
Full textAs acquisition technology progresses, remote sensing data contains an ever increasing amount of information. Future projects in remote sensing like Copernicus will give a high temporal repeatability of acquisitions and will cover large geographical areas. As part of the Copernicus project, Sentinel-2 combines a large swath, frequent revisit (5 days), and systematic acquisition of all land surfaces at high-spatial resolution and with a large number of spectral bands. The context of my research activities has involved the automation and improvement of classification processes for land use and land cover mapping in application with new satellite characteristics. This research has been focused on four main axes: selection of the input data for the classification processes, improvement of classification systems with introduction of ancillary data, fusion of multi-sensors, multi-temporal and multi-spectral classification image results and classification without ground truth data. These new methodologies have been validated on a wide range of images available: various sensors (optical: Landsat 5/7, Worldview-2, Formosat-2, Spot 2/4/5, Pleiades; and radar: Radarsat, Terrasar-X), various spatial resolutions (30 meters to 0. 5 meters), various time repeatability (up to 46 images per year) and various geographical areas (agricultural area in Toulouse, France, Pyrenean mountains and arid areas in Morocco and Algeria). These methodologies are applicable to a wide range of thematic applications like Land Cover mapping, carbon flux estimation and greenbelt mapping
Lienou, Marie Lauginie. "Apprentissage automatique des classes d'occupation du sol et représentation en mots visuels des images satellitaires." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005585.
Full textUpegui, Cardona Erika. "Télédétection et épidémiologie en zone urbaine : de l'extraction de bâtiments à partir d'images satellite à très haute résolution à l'estimation de taux d'incidence." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1015/document.
Full textIn epidemiology, a precise knowledge of populations at risk is a prerequisite for calculating state ofhealth indicators of a community (incidence rates). The population data, however, may beunavailable, unreliable, or insufficiently detailed for epidemiological use.The main objective of this research is to estimate incidence rates, in cases of absence of demographicdata, at an infra-communal scale. The secondary objectives are to estimate the human populationthrough satellite data at very high spatial resolution (VHSR), to assess the contribution of this data(VHSR) compared with high spatial resolution data (Landsat) in a same urban framework (Besançon),and to develop a simple and robust methodology to ensure its exportability to other areas.We proposed a three-step approach based on the correlation between population density and urbanmorphology. The first step is to extract buildings from VHSR imagery data. These buildings are thenused in the second step to model the population data. Finally, this population data is used as thedenominator to calculate incidence rates (cancers). Reference data are used at each step to assessthe performance of our methodology.The results obtained highlight the potential of remote sensing to measure the state of health of acommunity (in the form of crude incidence rates) at a fine geographical scale. These estimatedincidence rates can be utilized as elements of decision to adapt better customized healthcare withrespect to the health needs of a given community, even in the absence of demographic data
Le, Men Camille. "Segmentation Spatio-temporelle d'une séquence d'images satellitaires à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure des telecommunications - ENST, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00658159.
Full textCui, Yanwei. "Kernel-based learning on hierarchical image representations : applications to remote sensing data classification." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS448/document.
Full textHierarchical image representations have been widely used in the image classification context. Such representations are capable of modeling the content of an image through a tree structure. In this thesis, we investigate kernel-based strategies that make possible taking input data in a structured form and capturing the topological patterns inside each structure through designing structured kernels. We develop a structured kernel dedicated to unordered tree and path (sequence of nodes) structures equipped with numerical features, called Bag of Subpaths Kernel (BoSK). It is formed by summing up kernels computed on subpaths (a bag of all paths and single nodes) between two bags. The direct computation of BoSK yields a quadratic complexity w.r.t. both structure size (number of nodes) and amount of data (training size). We also propose a scalable version of BoSK (SBoSK for short), using Random Fourier Features technique to map the structured data in a randomized finite-dimensional Euclidean space, where inner product of the transformed feature vector approximates BoSK. It brings down the complexity from quadratic to linear w.r.t. structure size and amount of data, making the kernel compliant with the large-scale machine-learning context. Thanks to (S)BoSK, we are able to learn from cross-scale patterns in hierarchical image representations. (S)BoSK operates on paths, thus allowing modeling the context of a pixel (leaf of the hierarchical representation) through its ancestor regions at multiple scales. Such a model is used within pixel-based image classification. (S)BoSK also works on trees, making the kernel able to capture the composition of an object (top of the hierarchical representation) and the topological relationships among its subparts. This strategy allows tile/sub-image classification. Further relying on (S)BoSK, we introduce a novel multi-source classification approach that performs classification directly from a hierarchical image representation built from two images of the same scene taken at different resolutions, possibly with different modalities. Evaluations on several publicly available remote sensing datasets illustrate the superiority of (S)BoSK compared to state-of-the-art methods in terms of classification accuracy, and experiments on an urban classification task show the effectiveness of proposed multi-source classification approach
Samson, Christophe. "Contribution à la classification d'images satellitaires par approche variationnelle et équations aux dérivées partielles." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319709.
Full textPelletier, Charlotte. "Cartographie de l'occupation des sols à partir de séries temporelles d'images satellitaires à hautes résolutions : identification et traitement des données mal étiquetées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30241/document.
Full textLand surface monitoring is a key challenge for diverse applications such as environment, forestry, hydrology and geology. Such monitoring is particularly helpful for the management of territories and the prediction of climate trends. For this purpose, mapping approaches that employ satellite-based Earth Observations at different spatial and temporal scales are used to obtain the land surface characteristics. More precisely, supervised classification algorithms that exploit satellite data present many advantages compared to other mapping methods. In addition, the recent launches of new satellite constellations - Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 - enable the acquisition of satellite image time series at high spatial and spectral resolutions, that are of great interest to describe vegetation land cover. These satellite data open new perspectives, but also interrogate the choice of classification algorithms and the choice of input data. In addition, learning classification algorithms over large areas require a substantial number of instances per land cover class describing landscape variability. Accordingly, training data can be extracted from existing maps or specific existing databases, such as crop parcel farmer's declaration or government databases. When using these databases, the main drawbacks are the lack of accuracy and update problems due to a long production time. Unfortunately, the use of these imperfect training data lead to the presence of mislabeled training instance that may impact the classification performance, and so the quality of the produced land cover map. Taking into account the above challenges, this Ph.D. work aims at improving the classification of new satellite image time series at high resolutions. The work has been divided into two main parts. The first Ph.D. goal consists in studying different classification systems by evaluating two classification algorithms with several input datasets. In addition, the stability and the robustness of the classification methods are discussed. The second goal deals with the errors contained in the training data. Firstly, methods for the detection of mislabeled data are proposed and analyzed. Secondly, a filtering method is proposed to take into account the mislabeled data in the classification framework. The objective is to reduce the influence of mislabeled data on the classification performance, and thus to improve the produced land cover map
Petitjean, François. "Dynamic time warping : apports théoriques pour l'analyse de données temporelles : application à la classification de séries temporelles d'images satellites." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAD023.
Full textSatellite Image Time Series are becoming increasingly available and will continue to do so in the coming years thanks to the launch of space missions, which aim at providing a coverage of the Earth every few days with high spatial resolution (ESA’s Sentinel program). In the case of optical imagery, it will be possible to produce land use and cover change maps with detailed nomenclatures. However, due to meteorological phenomena, such as clouds, these time series will become irregular in terms of temporal sampling. In order to consistently handle the huge amount of information that will be produced (for instance, Sentinel-2 will cover the entire Earth’s surface every five days, with 10m to 60m spatial resolution and 13 spectral bands), new methods have to be developed. This Ph.D. thesis focuses on the “Dynamic Time Warping” similarity measure, which is able to take the most of the temporal structure of the data, in order to provide an efficient and relevant analysis of the remotely observed phenomena
Bombrun, Lionel. "Développement d'outils et de méthodes de télédétection spatiale optique et radar nécessaires à la haute résolution spatiale." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0152.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis research work is dedicated to the development of polarimetric and interferometric remote sensing methods. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry estimates the topography of the observed scene or his deformations. Interferometric processings are implemented to derive displacement field. SAR Polarimetry study the interactions between the electromagnetic wave and the scene to characterize the scatterers. Two parametrization model of the target scattering vector are analyzed : the alpha/beta model and the TSVM. Next, we propose to model the texture parameter by a Fisher distribution. Under the scalar product model assumption, we mathematically establish the covariance matrix distribution and we propose to implement this new distribution in a hierarchical segmentation algorithm. All the proposed methods are applied on C-band interferometric SAR data over glaciers and on L-band polarimetric SAR data over urban areas
Jdey, Aloui Imen. "Contribution des techniques de fusion et de classification des images au processus d'aide à la reconnaissance des cibles radar non coopératives." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0008.
Full textThe automatic recognition of non-cooperative targets is very important in various fields. This is the case for applications in aviation and maritime uncertain environment. Therefore, it’s necessary to introduce innovative methods for radar targets treatment and identification.The proposed methodology is based on the Knowledge Discovery from Data process (KDD) for a complete chain development of radar images recognition by trying to optimize every step of the processing chain.The experimental system used is based on an ISAR image acquisition system in the anechoic chamber of ENSTA Bretagne. This system has allowed controlling the quality of the entries in the recognition process (KDD). We studied the stages of the composite system from acquisition to interpretation and evaluation of results. We focused on the center stage; data mining considered as the heart of the system. This step is composed of two main phases: classification and the results of classifiers combination called decisional fusion. We have shown that this last phase improves results for decision making by taking into account the imperfections related to radar data, including uncertainty and imprecision.The results across different classification techniques as a first step (kNN, SVM and MCP) and decision fusion in a second time (Bayes, majority vote, belief theory, fuzzy fusion) are subject of an analytical and comparative study in terms of performance
Bombrun, Lionel. "Développement d'outils et de méthodes de télédétection spatiale optique et radar nécessaires à la haute résolution spatiale." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369350.
Full textL'interférométrie radar à synthèse d'ouverture renseigne sur la topographie de la zone étudiée ou sur ses déformations. Nous mettons en place des traitements interférométriques pour obtenir un champ de déplacement au sol.
La polarimétrie radar étudie les interactions de l'onde électromagnétique avec le milieu étudié et nous informe sur les propriétés physiques des rétrodiffuseurs. Nous examinons en détail les deux modèles de paramétrisation des vecteurs de rétrodiffusion : le modèle alpha/beta et le modèle TSVM. Nous proposons ensuite d'utiliser la distribution de Fisher pour modéliser la texture dans les images polarimétriques. En utilisant le modèle multiplicatif scalaire, nous dérivons l'expression littérale de la distribution de la matrice de cohérence et nous proposons d'implémenter cette nouvelle distribution dans un algorithme de segmentation hiérarchique.
Les différentes méthodes proposées durant cette thèse ont été appliquées sur des données interférométriques en bande C sur les glaciers et sur des données polarimétriques en bande L dans le milieu urbain.
Bouvet, Alexandre. "Télédétection radar appliquée au suivi des rizières : méthodes utilisant le rapport des intensités de rétrodiffusion." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486432.
Full textGomez, Cécile. "Potentiels des données de télédétection multisources pour la cartographie géologique : Application à la région de Rehoboth (Namibie)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665112.
Full textChesnel, Anne-Lise. "Quantification de dégâts sur le bâti liés aux catastrophes majeures par images satellite multimodales très haute résolution." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004211.
Full textBlaquière, Ewa. "Descriptions des agrosystèmes hétérogènes à l'aide de mesures satellitaires à très haute résolution spatiale." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30099.
Full textThe main objective of the thesis was to study the influence of spatial resolution of satellite images on the cartography (semi-automatic identification of land cover) of the agricultural areas. In order to complete the study, four areas were tested: two areas in France, one area in Poland and one area in Germany. Those areas were selected to test different types of images for different landscapes characterised by size and form of cultivated parcels. The treatments of the experiment (including classification) was executed on a range of spatial resolutions from 1 to 40 m and all areas with the goal to proving the existence or non-existence of the relationship between the spatial resolution, the size and form of the parcels and the types of the land cover. The final stage is a proposition of improvement of the classification accuracy by the use of spatial resolutions adapted to given landscapes
Diop, Oumar. "Détection de nuages de poussière dans les images Météosat à l'aide des attributs de textures et de la fusion de segmentations : application à la zone sahélienne du continent africain." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203226.
Full textRegniers, Olivier. "Méthodes d'analyse de texture pour la cartographie d'occupations du sol par télédetection très haute résolution : application à la fôret, la vigne et les parcs ostréicoles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0284/document.
Full textThe prime objective of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of multivariate probabilistic models applied on wavelet subbands for the classification of very high resolution remote sensing optical data. Three main applications are investigated in this study: the differentiation of age classes of maritime pine forest stands, the detection of vineyards and the detection of oyster fields. One main contribution includes the proposal of an original supervised and object-oriented classification scheme based on similarity measurements adapted to the context of probabilistic modeling. This scheme involves the creation of a database of texture patches for the learning step and a pre-segmentation of the image to classify. The tested multivariate models were first evaluated in an image retrieval framework. The best models identified in this procedure were then applied in the proposed image processing scheme. In the three proposed thematic applications, multivariate models revealed remarkable abilities to represent the texture and reached higher classification accuracies than the method based on co-occurrence matrices. These results confirm the interest of the multi-scale and multi-orientation representation of textures through the wavelet transform, as well as the relevance of the multivariate modeling of wavelet coefficients
Ilea, Ioana. "Robust classifcation methods on the space of covariance matrices. : application to texture and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar image classification." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0006/document.
Full textIn the recent years, covariance matrices have demonstrated their interestin a wide variety of applications in signal and image processing. The workpresented in this thesis focuses on the use of covariance matrices as signatures forrobust classification. In this context, a robust classification workflow is proposed,resulting in the following contributions.First, robust covariance matrix estimators are used to reduce the impact of outlierobservations, during the estimation process. Second, the Riemannian Gaussianand Laplace distributions as well as their mixture model are considered to representthe observed covariance matrices. The k-means and expectation maximization algorithmsare then extended to the Riemannian case to estimate their parameters, thatare the mixture's weight, the central covariance matrix and the dispersion. Next,a new centroid estimator, called the Huber's centroid, is introduced based on thetheory of M-estimators. Further on, a new local descriptor named the RiemannianFisher vector is introduced to model non-stationary images. Moreover, a statisticalhypothesis test is introduced based on the geodesic distance to regulate the classification false alarm rate. In the end, the proposed methods are evaluated in thecontext of texture image classification, brain decoding, simulated and real PolSARimage classification
Voisin, Aurélie. "Classification supervisée d'images d'observation de la Terre à haute résolution par utilisation de méthodes markoviennes." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747906.
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