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Journal articles on the topic 'Imaging atmospheric cherenkov telescopes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 12 August 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Singh, Krishna Kumar, and Kuldeep Kumar Yadav. "20 Years of Indian Gamma Ray Astronomy Using Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes and Road Ahead." Universe 7, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7040096.

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The field of ground-based γ-ray astronomy has made very significant advances over the last three decades with the extremely successful operations of several atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes worldwide. The advent of the imaging Cherenkov technique for indirect detection of cosmic γ rays has immensely contributed to this field with the discovery of more than 220 γ-ray sources in the Universe. This has greatly improved our understanding of the various astrophysical processes involved in the non-thermal emission at energies above 100 GeV. In this paper, we summarize the important results achieved by the Indian γ-ray astronomers from the GeV-TeV observations using imaging Cherenkov telescopes over the last two decades. We mainly emphasize the results obtained from the observations of active galactic nuclei with the TACTIC (TeV Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope with Imaging Camera) telescope, which has been operational since 1997 at Mount Abu, India. We also discuss the future plans of the Indian γ-ray astronomy program with special focus on the scientific objectives of the recently installed 21 m diameter MACE (Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment) telescope at Hanle, India.

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Gori, Pierre-Marie, Farrokh Vakili, Jean-Pierre Rivet, William Guerin, Mathilde Hugbart, Andrea Chiavassa, Adrien Vakili, Robin Kaiser, and Guillaume Labeyrie. "I3T: Intensity Interferometry Imaging Telescope." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 505, no. 2 (May 19, 2021): 2328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1424.

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ABSTRACT We propose a new approach, based on the Hanbury Brown and Twiss intensity interferometry, to transform a Cherenkov telescope to its equivalent optical telescope. We show that, based on the use of photonics components borrowed from quantum-optical applications, we can recover spatial details of the observed source down to the diffraction limit of the Cherenkov telescope, set by its diameter at the mean wavelength of observation. For this, we propose to apply aperture synthesis techniques from pairwise and triple correlation of sub-pupil intensities, in order to reconstruct the image of a celestial source from its Fourier moduli and phase information, despite atmospheric turbulence. We examine the sensitivity of the method, i.e. limiting magnitude, and its implementation on existing or future high energy arrays of Cherenkov telescopes. We show that despite its poor optical quality compared to extremely large optical telescopes under construction, a Cherenkov telescope can provide diffraction limited imaging of celestial sources, in particular at the visible, down to violet wavelengths.

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3

Lessard, R. W., L. Cayón, G. H. Sembroski, and J. A. Gaidos. "Wavelet imaging cleaning method for atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Astroparticle Physics 17, no. 4 (July 2002): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-6505(01)00173-6.

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Atoyan, A., J. Patera, V. Sahakian, and A. Akhperjanian. "Fourier transform method for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Astroparticle Physics 23, no. 1 (February 2005): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2004.11.007.

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5

Terzić, Tomislav, Daniel Kerszberg, and Jelena Strišković. "Probing Quantum Gravity with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes." Universe 7, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7090345.

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High energy photons from astrophysical sources are unique probes for some predictions of candidate theories of Quantum Gravity (QG). In particular, Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACTs) are instruments optimised for astronomical observations in the energy range spanning from a few tens of GeV to ∼100 TeV, which makes them excellent instruments to search for effects of QG. In this article, we will review QG effects which can be tested with IACTs, most notably the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) and its consequences. It is often represented and modelled with photon dispersion relation modified by introducing energy-dependent terms. We will describe the analysis methods employed in the different studies, allowing for careful discussion and comparison of the results obtained with IACTs for more than two decades. Loosely following historical development of the field, we will observe how the analysis methods were refined and improved over time, and analyse why some studies were more sensitive than others. Finally, we will discuss the future of the field, presenting ideas for improving the analysis sensitivity and directions in which the research could develop.

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6

WEEKES, T. C., V. A. ACCIARI, T. ARLEN, T. AUNE, M. BEILICKE, W. BENBOW, D. BOLTUCH, et al. "VERITAS: STATUS SUMMARY 2009." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 06 (June 2010): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810016932.

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VERITAS is a ground-based gamma-ray observatory that uses the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique and operates in the very-high energy (VHE) region of the gamma-ray spectrum from 100 GeV to 50 TeV. The observatory consists of an array of four 12 m-diameter imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes located in southern Arizona, USA. The four-telescope array has been fully operational since September 2007, and over the last two years, VERITAS has been operating with high reliability and sensitivity. It is currently one of the most sensitive VHE observatories. This paper summarizes the status of VERITAS as of October 2009, and describes the detection of several new VHE gamma-ray sources.

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Del Santo, M., O. Catalano, G. Cusumano, V. La Parola, G. La Rosa, M. C. Maccarone, T. Mineo, et al. "Looking inside volcanoes with the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 876 (December 2017): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.02.029.

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8

Catalano, O., M. C. Maccarone, and B. Sacco. "Single photon counting approach for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Astroparticle Physics 29, no. 2 (March 2008): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2007.11.011.

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9

Ambrosi, G., M. Ambrosio, C. Aramo, B. Bertucci, E. Bissaldi, M. Bitossi, C. Boiano, et al. "SiPM optical modules for the Schwarzschild-Couder Medium Size Telescopes proposed for the CTA observatory." EPJ Web of Conferences 209 (2019): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920901049.

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Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are excellent devices to detect the faint and short Cherenkov light emitted in high energy atmospheric showers, and therefore suitable for use in imaging air Cherenkov Telescopes. The high density Near Ultraviolet Violet SiPMs (NUV-HD3) produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) in collaboration with INFN were used to equip optical modules for a possible upgrade of the Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope camera prototype, in the framework of the Cherenkov Telescope Array project. SiPMs are 6×6 mm2 devices based on 40×40 μm2 microcells optimized for photo-detection at the NUV wavelengths. More than 40 optical modules, each composed by a 4×4 array of SiPMs, were assembled. In this contribution we report on the development and on the assembly of the optical modules, their validation and integration in the camera.

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10

de la Calle, I., J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, and V. Fonseca. "A possible use for polarizers in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Astroparticle Physics 17, no. 2 (May 2002): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-6505(01)00144-x.

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11

Hofmann, W. "On the optimum spacing of stereoscopic imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Astroparticle Physics 13, no. 4 (July 1, 2000): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-6505(99)00126-7.

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12

Ambrosi, G., D. Corti, M. Ionica, C. Manea, M. Mariotti, R. Rando, I. Reichardt, and C. Schultz. "Large size SiPM matrix for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes applications." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 824 (July 2016): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.062.

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13

Anderhub, H., M. Backes, A. Biland, A. Boller, I. Braun, T. Bretz, S. Commichau, et al. "A G-APD based Camera for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 628, no. 1 (February 2011): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.296.

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14

Bernlöhr, Konrad. "Simulation of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes with CORSIKA and sim_telarray." Astroparticle Physics 30, no. 3 (October 2008): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.07.009.

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15

Maier, G., and J. Knapp. "Cosmic-ray events as background in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Astroparticle Physics 28, no. 1 (September 2007): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2007.04.009.

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16

Torresi, Eleonora. "Gamma-ray emission in radio galaxies, from MeV to TeV." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S342 (May 2018): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318007895.

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AbstractThanks to the Fermi λ-ray satellite and the current Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, radio galaxies have arisen as a new class of high- and very-high energy emitters. The favourable orientation of their jets makes radio galaxies extremely relevant in addressing important issues such as: (i) revealing the jet structure complexity; (ii) localising the emitting region(s) of high- and very-high energy radiation; (iii) understanding the physical processes producing these photons. In this review the main results on the λ-ray emission studies of radio galaxies from the MeV to TeV regimes will be presented, and the impact of future Cherenkov Telescope Array observations will be discussed.

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17

Vercellone, Stefano, Luigi Foschini, Patrizia Romano, Markus Böttcher, and Catherine Boisson. "High-Energy and Very High-Energy Constraints from Log-Parabolic Spectral Models in Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies." Universe 6, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6040054.

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Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLSy1s) are a well established class of γ -ray sources, showing the presence of a jet like the more common flat-spectrum radio quasars. The evidence of γ -ray emission poses the issue of the location of the γ -ray emitting zone and of the contribution of the γ - γ absorption within the broad-line region (BLR), since such objects have been detected by Fermi-LAT in the MeV-GeV energy range but not by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes beyond 100 GeV. We discuss how the spectral properties of three NLSy1s (SBS 0846+513, PMN J0948+0022, and PKS 1502+036) derived from the Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog (4FGL) compared with theoretical models based on the observed properties of the BLR. In particular, we focus on the question on how simple power-law spectral models and log-parabolic ones could be disentangled in γ -ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies by means of current Fermi-LAT or future imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes data. We found that the only possibility for a log-parabolic model to mimic a power-law model in the energy band above E ∼ 100 GeV is to have a very small value of the curvature parameter β ∼ 0.05 .

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18

Koul, R., A. K. Tickoo, S. K. Kaul, S. R. Kaul, N. Kumar, K. K. Yadav, N. Bhatt, et al. "The TACTIC atmospheric Cherenkov imaging telescope." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 578, no. 3 (August 2007): 548–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.06.011.

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19

Aharonian, F., A. Heusler, W. Hofmann, C. A. Wiedner, A. Konopelko, A. Plyasheshnikov, and V. Fomin. "On the optimization of multichannel cameras for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 21, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/21/7/010.

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20

Schliesser, Albert, and Razmick Mirzoyan. "Wide-field prime-focus imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes: A systematic study." Astroparticle Physics 24, no. 4-5 (December 2005): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2005.08.003.

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21

Terzić, T., A. Stamerra, F. D'Ammando, C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, F. Verrecchia, and O. Kurtanidze. "Peculiar emission from the new VHE gamma-ray source H1722+119." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S324 (September 2016): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317001387.

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The BL Lac object H1722+119 was observed in the very high energy band (VHE, E > 100 GeV) by the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes (Aleksić et al. 2016a, b)) between 2013 May 17 and 22, following a state of high activity in the optical band measured by the KVA (Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) telescope. Optical high states are often used to trigger MAGIC observations, which result in the VHE γ-ray signal detection (see e.g. Aleksić et al. 2015, Ahnen et al. 2016 and references therein).

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22

Nemiroff, Robert J., and Neerav Kaushal. "Toward the Detection of Relativistic Image Doubling in Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes." Astrophysical Journal 889, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6440.

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23

Chen, Y. T., C. de La Taille, T. Suomijärvi, Z. Cao, O. Deligny, F. Dulucq, M. M. Ge, et al. "Front-end electronics and data acquisition system for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 795 (September 2015): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.06.020.

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24

Carmona, E. "VHE Gamma Ray observation of Supernova Remnants with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 188 (March 2009): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2009.02.064.

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25

Arcaro, C., D. Corti, A. De Angelis, M. Doro, C. Manea, M. Mariotti, R. Rando, I. Reichardt, and D. Tescaro. "Studies on a silicon-photomultiplier-based camera for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 876 (December 2017): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.12.055.

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26

Eger, Peter. "Supernova remnants and pulsar wind nebulae with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 632 (August 13, 2015): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/632/1/012036.

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27

Dubois, F., G. Lamanna, and A. Jacholkowska. "A multivariate analysis approach for the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes system H.E.S.S." Astroparticle Physics 32, no. 2 (September 2009): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.06.003.

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28

Prester, D. Dominis, J. Sitarek, J. Becerra, S. Buson, E. Lindfors, M. Manganaro, D. Mazin, et al. "MAGIC detection of sub-TEV emission from gravitationally lensed blazar QSO B0218+357." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S324 (September 2016): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317002344.

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The blazar QSO B0218+357 is the first gravitationally lensed blazar detected in the very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray spectral range (Ahnen et al. 2016). It is gravitationally lensed by the intervening galaxy B0218+357G (zl = 0.68466 ± 0.00004, Carilli et al. 1993), which splits the blazar emission into two components, spatially indistinguishable by gamma-ray instruments, but separated by a 10-12 days delay. In July 2014 a flare from QSO B0218+357 was observed by the Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope, Atwood et al. 2009, Ackermann et al. 2012), and followed-up by the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes, a stereoscopic system of two 17m Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located on La Palma, Canary Islands (Aleksić et al. 2016a, 2016b), during the expected time of arrival of the delayed component of the emission. MAGIC could not observe the leading image due to the Full Moon. The MAGIC and Fermi-LAT observations were accompanied by optical data from KVA telescope at La Palma, and X-ray observations by Swift-XRT (Fig. 1 left). Variability in gamma-rays was of the order of one day, while no variability correlated with gamma-rays was observed at lower energies. The flux ratio of the leading to trailing image in HE gamma-rays was larger than in the flare of QSO B0218+357 observed by Fermi-LAT in 2012 (Cheung et al. 2014). Changes in the observed flux ratio can be caused by gravitational microlensing on individual stars in the host galaxy (Neronov et al. 2015), or by other compact objects like for ex. clumps in giant molecular clouds (Sitarek & Bednarek 2016).

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Zhang, J., R. Zhou, S. Zhang, J. Zhang, H. Xiong, G. Hu, Y. Li, Z. Liu, and C. Yang. "Data acquisition and trigger system for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes of the LHAASO." Journal of Instrumentation 15, no. 02 (February 11, 2020): T02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/t02004.

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30

de Naurois, Mathieu, and Loïc Rolland. "A high performance likelihood reconstruction of γ-rays for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Astroparticle Physics 32, no. 5 (December 2009): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.09.001.

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31

Shilon, I., M. Kraus, M. Büchele, K. Egberts, T. Fischer, T. L. Holch, T. Lohse, U. Schwanke, C. Steppa, and S. Funk. "Application of deep learning methods to analysis of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes data." Astroparticle Physics 105 (February 2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.003.

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32

Garczarczyk, Markus. "The major atmospheric gamma-ray imaging Cherenkov telescope." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 639, no. 1 (May 2011): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.09.020.

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33

González, Josefa Becerra, Laura Maraschi, Daniel Mazin, Elisa Prandini, Koji Saito, Julian Sitarek, Antonio Stamerra, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Tomislav Terzić, and Aldo Treves. "Very high energy γ-radiation from the radio quasar 4C 21.35." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S284 (September 2011): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312009544.

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AbstractA very high energy (VHE) γ-radiation was detected from a flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) 4C 21.35 (PKS1222+21) by MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes on June 17th 2010. 4C 21.35 is only the 3rd FSRQ detected in VHE γ-rays. With its hard spectrum (Γ = 2.72±0.34) with no apparent cut-off at energies below 130 GeV and an extremely fast variation of flux (doubling in 8.6+1.1−0.9 minutes), this detection poses a challenge to existing models of VHE γ-radiation from FSRQs. The most important results of observations performed by MAGIC telescopes are presented here, as well as some possible explanations of those results.

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Fraß, A., C. Köhler, G. Hermann, M. Heß, and W. Hofmann. "Calibration of the sensitivity of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes using a reference light source." Astroparticle Physics 8, no. 1-2 (December 1997): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-6505(97)00048-0.

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Aharonian, F. A., and S. V. Bogovalov. "Exploring physics of rotation powered pulsars with sub-10 GeV imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." New Astronomy 8, no. 2 (February 2003): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1384-1076(02)00200-2.

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Karschnick, O., H. J. Gils, and W. Stamm. "Feasibility study of an absolute energy calibration of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes by starlight." Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 143, no. 3 (May 2000): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aas:2000194.

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Giomi, Matteo, Lucie Gerard, and Gernot Maier. "Optimal strategies for observation of active galactic nuclei variability with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes." Astroparticle Physics 80 (July 2016): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.03.006.

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38

Krawczynski, H., D. A. Carter-Lewis, C. Duke, J. Holder, G. Maier, S. Le Bohec, and G. Sembroski. "Gamma–hadron separation methods for the VERITAS array of four imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Astroparticle Physics 25, no. 6 (July 2006): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.03.011.

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Le Bohec, S., B. Degrange, M. Punch, A. Barrau, R. Bazer-Bachi, H. Cabot, L. M. Chounet, et al. "A new analysis method for very high definition Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes as applied to the CAT telescope." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 416, no. 2-3 (November 1998): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(98)00750-5.

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Nigro, C., C. Deil, R. Zanin, T. Hassan, J. King, J. E. Ruiz, L. Saha, et al. "Towards open and reproducible multi-instrument analysis in gamma-ray astronomy." Astronomy & Astrophysics 625 (April 30, 2019): A10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834938.

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The analysis and combination of data from different gamma-ray instruments involves the use of collaboration proprietary software and case-by-case methods. The effort of defining a common data format for high-level data, namely event lists and instrument response functions (IRFs), has recently started for very-high-energy gamma-ray instruments, driven by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). In this work we implemented this prototypical data format for a small set of MAGIC, VERITAS, FACT, and H.E.S.S. Crab nebula observations, and we analyzed them with the open-source gammapy software package. By combining data from Fermi-LAT, and from four of the currently operating imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, we produced a joint maximum likelihood fit of the Crab nebula spectrum. Aspects of the statistical errors and the evaluation of systematic uncertainty are also commented upon, along with the release format of spectral measurements. The results presented in this work are obtained using open-access on-line assets that allow for a long-term reproducibility of the results.

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Hofmann, Werner. "Perspectives from CTA in relativistic astrophysics." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 03 (February 3, 2017): 1730005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817300051.

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The Cherenkov telescope array (CTA) is a next-generation observatory for very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy. With one array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes each in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, CTA will provide full-sky coverage, enhance flux sensitivity by one order of magnitude compared to current instruments, cover gamma-ray energies from 20 GeV to 300 GeV, and provide a wide field of view with angular resolution of a few arc-minutes. Science themes to be addressed by the CTA observatory include (i) understanding the origin of relativistic cosmic particles, and the role these play in the evolution of star forming systems and galaxies, (ii) probing extreme environments such as neutron stars and black holes, but also the cosmic voids, and (iii) exploring frontiers in physics such as the nature of dark matter. With its superior performance, the prospects for CTA combine guaranteed science — the in-depth understanding of known objects and mechanisms — with anticipated detection of new classes of gamma-ray emitters and new phenomena, and a very significant potential for fundamentally new discoveries.

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LeBohec, S., C. Duke, and P. Jordan. "Minimal stereoscopic analysis for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays." Astroparticle Physics 24, no. 1-2 (September 2005): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2005.02.008.

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43

Moulin, Emmanuel. "Astroparticle Physics with H.E.S.S.: recents results and nearfuture prospects." EPJ Web of Conferences 209 (2019): 01054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920901054.

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H.E.S.S. is an array of five Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located in Namibia. It is designed for observations of astrophysical sources emitting very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays in the energy range from a few ten GeVs to several ten TeVs. The H.E.S.S. instrument consists of four identical 12 m diameter telescopes and a 28 m diameter telescope placed at the center of the array. An ambitious Astroparticle Physics program is being carried out by the H.E.S.S. collaboration searching for New Physics in the VHE gamma-ray sky. The program includes the search for WIMP dark matter and axion-like particles, tests of Lorentz invariance, cosmic-ray electron measurements, and search for intergalactic magnetic fields. I will present the latest results on dark matter search from the observations of the Galactic Centre region, the search for Lorentz invariance violation with the 2014 flare observation of Markarian 501, and the first measurement of the cosmic-ray electron spectrum up to 20 TeV. The future of the H.E.S.S. Astroparticle Physics program will be discussed.

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Vovk, I., M. Strzys, and C. Fruck. "Spatial likelihood analysis for MAGIC telescope data." Astronomy & Astrophysics 619 (November 2018): A7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833139.

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Context. The increase in sensitivity of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) has lead to numerous detections of extended γ-ray sources at TeV energies, sometimes of sizes comparable to the instrument’s field of view. This creates a demand for advanced and flexible data analysis methods that are able to extract source information using the photon counts in the entire field of view. Aims. We present a new software package, “SkyPrism”, aimed at performing 2D (3D if energy is considered) fits of IACT data that possibly contain multiple and extended sources. The fits are based on sky images binned in energy. Although the development of this package was focused on the analysis of data collected with the MAGIC telescopes, it can further be adapted to other instruments, such as the future Cherenkov Telescope Array. Methods. We have developed a set of tools that in addition to sky images (count maps) compute the instrument response functions of MAGIC (effective exposure throughout the field of view, point spread function, energy resolution, and background shape) based on the input data, Monte Carlo simulations, and the pointing track of the telescopes. With this information, the package can perform a simultaneous maximum likelihood fit of source models of arbitrary morphology to the sky images providing energy spectra, detection significances, and upper limits. Results. We demonstrate that the SkyPrism tool accurately reconstructs the MAGIC point spread function, on- and off-axis performance as well as the underlying background. We further show that for a point source analysis with the MAGIC default observational settings, SkyPrism gives results compatible with those of the standard tools while being more flexible and widely applicable.

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López-Coto, R., D. Mazin, R. Paoletti, O. Blanch Bigas, and J. Cortina. "The Topo-trigger: a new concept of stereo trigger system for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes." Journal of Instrumentation 11, no. 04 (April 1, 2016): P04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/04/p04005.

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Aharonian, F. A., A. A. Chilingarian, R. G. Mirzoyan, A. K. Konopelko, and A. V. Plyasheshnikov. "The system of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes: The new prospects for VHE gamma ray astronomy." Experimental Astronomy 2, no. 6 (1992): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00395984.

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LENAIN, JEAN-PHILIPPE. "THE H.E.S.S. EXTRAGALACTIC SKY." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 28 (January 2014): 1460163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451460163x.

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More than fifty extragalactic very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) sources have been found using ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, about twenty of which have been discovered using the H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) experiment based in Namibia. Even though BL Lac objects are the dominant class of VHE detected extragalactic objects, other types of sources (starburst galaxies, radio galaxies or flat spectrum radio quasars) begin to emerge. A review of the extragalactic sources studied with H.E.S.S. is given, with an emphasis on new results.

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López-Coto, Rubén, Juan Cortina, and Abelardo Moralejo. "MACHETE: A transit Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope to survey half of the Very High Energy γ-ray sky." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (August 2015): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316003240.

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AbstractCurrent Cherenkov Telescopes for VHE gamma ray astrophysics are pointing instruments with a field of view up to a few tens of deg2. We propose to build an array of two non-steerable telescopes with a FoV of 5×60 deg2 oriented along the meridian. Roughly half of the sky drifts through this FoV in a year. We have performed a MC simulation to estimate the performance of this instrument, which we dub MACHETE. The sensitivity that MACHETE would achieve after 5 years of operation for every source in this half of the sky is comparable to the sensitivity that a current IACT achieves for a specific source after a 50 h devoted observation. The analysis energy threshold would be 150 GeV and the angular resolution 0.1 deg. For astronomical objects that transit over MACHETE for a specific night, it would achieve an integral sensitivity of 12% of Crab in a night. This makes MACHETE a powerful tool to trigger observations of variable sources at VHE or any other wavelengths.

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Postnikov, E. B., A. A. Grinyuk, L. A. Kuzmichev, L. G. Sveshnikova, and L. G. Tkachev. "Primary gamma ray selection technique in the joint operation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) and wide-angle Cherenkov timing detectors." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 81, no. 4 (April 2017): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873817040347.

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Bradbury, S. M., and H. J. Rose. "Pattern recognition trigger electronics for an imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 481, no. 1-3 (April 2002): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)01341-9.

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