Relevant bibliographies by topics / Imaging systems Confocal microscopy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Imaging systems Confocal microscopy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Imaging systems Confocal microscopy"

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Jason Kirk. "Beyond the Hype - Is 2-Photon Microscopy Right for You?" Microscopy Today 11, no. 2 (2003): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500052469.

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Confocal microscopes have come a long way in the past decade. Not only are they more stable and easier to use than ever before, but their cost has dropped enough that multi-user facilities are finding competition from individual labs using the new breed of "personal" confocals. In fact it has, in some cases, become the de facto standard for fluorescence imaging regardless of whether the user actually has requirements for it or not.But, researchers always have an ear out for something better. Enter 2-photon microscopy (2PLSM). The “bigger & badder” cousin of the confocal microscope has become a new weapon in the arsenal of a microscopy industry that caters to researchers who can't wait to fill their labs with the latest and greatest imaging systems. Advertised by the industry and researchers alike as a technique that seems to solve most of the problems that plague confocal, “2-photon” has become the new buzzword in the vocabulary of researchers eager to enhance their fluorescence applications.
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Cooper, M. S. "Imaging cellular dynamics using scanning laser confocal microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100120461.

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In recent years, the ability to image morphological dynamics and physiological changes in living cells and tissues has been greatly advanced by the advent of scanning laser confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopes employ optical systems in which both the condenser and objective lenses are focused onto a single volume element of the specimen. In practice, galvanometer-driven mirrors or acousto-optical deflectors are used to scan a laser beam over the specimen in a raster-like fashion through an epifluorescence microscope. The incident laser beam, as well as the collected fluorescent light, are passed through pinhole or slit apertures in image planes that are conjugate to the plane of the specimen. This method of illumination and detection prevents fluorescent light which is generated above and below the plane-of-focus from impinging on the imaging system's photodetector, thus rejecting much of the fluorescent light which normally blurs the image of a three-dimensional fluorescent specimen.
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Corle, Timothy R. "Confocal Scanning Optical Microscopy and Related Imaging Systems." Optical Engineering 36, no. 6 (1997): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.601601.

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Chen, Yuncong, Yang Bai, Zhong Han, Weijiang He, and Zijian Guo. "Photoluminescence imaging of Zn2+in living systems." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 14 (2015): 4517–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00005j.

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Borg, Thomas K., James A. Stewart, and Michael A. Sutton. "Imaging the Cardiovascular System: Seeing Is Believing." Microscopy and Microanalysis 11, no. 3 (2005): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927605050439.

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From the basic light microscope through high-end imaging systems such as multiphoton confocal microscopy and electron microscopes, microscopy has been and will continue to be an essential tool in developing an understanding of cardiovascular development, function, and disease. In this review we briefly touch on a number of studies that illustrate the importance of these forms of microscopy in studying cardiovascular biology. We also briefly review a number of imaging modalities such as computed tomography, (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and positron emission tomography (PET) that, although they do not fall under the realm of microscopy, are imaging modalities that greatly complement microscopy. Finally we examine the role of proper imaging system calibration and the potential importance of calibration in understanding biological tissues, such as the cardiovascular system, that continually undergo deformation in response to strain.
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Piston, David W. "Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy in living systems." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100146618.

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Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging. Two-photon excitation arises from the simultaneous absorption of two photons in a single quantitized event whose probability is proportional to the square of the instantaneous intensity. For example, two red photons can cause the transition to an excited electronic state normally reached by absorption in the ultraviolet. In our fluorescence experiments, the final excited state is the same singlet state that is populated during a conventional fluorescence experiment. Thus, the fluorophore exhibits the same emission properties (e.g. wavelength shifts, environmental sensitivity) used in typical biological microscopy studies. In practice, two-photon excitation is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing of a single laser beam in the microscope and the temporal concentration of 100 femtosecond pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. Resultant peak excitation intensities are 106 times greater than the CW intensities used in confocal microscopy, but the pulse duty cycle of 10−5 maintains the average input power on the order of 10 mW, only slightly greater than the power normally used in confocal microscopy.
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Castellano-Muñoz, Manuel, Anthony Wei Peng, Felipe T. Salles, and Anthony J. Ricci. "Swept Field Laser Confocal Microscopy for Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Resolution in Live-Cell Imaging." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 4 (2012): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612000542.

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AbstractConfocal fluorescence microscopy is a broadly used imaging technique that enhances the signal-to-noise ratio by removing out of focal plane fluorescence. Confocal microscopes come with a variety of modifications depending on the particular experimental goals. Microscopes, illumination pathways, and light collection were originally focused upon obtaining the highest resolution image possible, typically on fixed tissue. More recently, live-cell confocal imaging has gained importance. Since measured signals are often rapid or transient, thus requiring higher sampling rates, specializations are included to enhance spatial and temporal resolution while maintaining tissue viability. Thus, a balance between image quality, temporal resolution, and tissue viability is needed. A subtype of confocal imaging, termed swept field confocal (SFC) microscopy, can image live cells at high rates while maintaining confocality. SFC systems can use a pinhole array to obtain high spatial resolution, similar to spinning disc systems. In addition, SFC imaging can achieve faster rates by using a slit to sweep the light across the entire image plane, thus requiring a single scan to generate an image. Coupled to a high-speed charge-coupled device camera and a laser illumination source, images can be obtained at greater than 1,000 frames per second while maintaining confocality.
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Lee, Dongwoo, Jihye Kim, Eunjoo Song, et al. "Micromirror-Embedded Coverslip Assembly for Bidirectional Microscopic Imaging." Micromachines 11, no. 6 (2020): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11060582.

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3D imaging of a biological sample provides information about cellular and subcellular structures that are important in cell biology and related diseases. However, most 3D imaging systems, such as confocal and tomographic microscopy systems, are complex and expensive. Here, we developed a quasi-3D imaging tool that is compatible with most conventional microscopes by integrating micromirrors and microchannel structures on coverslips to provide bidirectional imaging. Microfabricated micromirrors had a precisely 45° reflection angle and optically clean reflective surfaces with high reflectance over 95%. The micromirrors were embedded on coverslips that could be assembled as a microchannel structure. We demonstrated that this simple disposable device allows a conventional microscope to perform bidirectional imaging with simple control of a focal plane. Images of microbeads and cells under bright-field and fluorescent microscopy show that the device can provide a quick analysis of 3D information, such as 3D positions and subcellular structures.
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Zucker, Robert M., Paul Rigby, Ian Clements, Wendy Salmon, and Michael Chua. "Reliability of confocal microscopy spectral imaging systems: Use of multispectral beads." Cytometry Part A 71A, no. 3 (2007): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.20371.

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Aguilar, Alberto, Adeline Boyreau, and Pierre Bon. "Label-free super-resolution imaging below 90-nm using photon-reassignment." Open Research Europe 1 (March 24, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13066.1.

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Background: Achieving resolutions below 100 nm is key for many fields, including biology and nanomaterial characterization. Although nearfield and electron microscopy are the gold standards for studying the nanoscale, optical microscopy has seen its resolution drastically improve in the last decades. So-called super-resolution microscopy is generally based on fluorescence photophysics and requires modification of the sample at least by adding fluorescent tags, an inevitably invasive step. Therefore, it remains very challenging and rewarding to achieve optical resolutions beyond the diffraction limit in label-free samples. Methods: Here, we present a breakthrough to unlock label-free 3D super-resolution imaging of any object including living biological samples. It is based on optical photon-reassignment in confocal reflectance imaging mode. Results: We demonstrate that we surpass the resolution of all fluorescence-based confocal systems by a factor ~1.5. We have obtained images with a 3D (x,y,z) optical resolution of (86x86x248) nm3 using a visible wavelength (445 nm) and a regular microscope objective (NA=1.3). The results are presented on nanoparticles as well as on (living) biological samples. Conclusions: This cost-effective approach double the resolution of reflectance confocal microscope with minimal modifications. It is therefore compatible with any microscope and sample, works in real-time, and does not require any signal processing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Imaging systems Confocal microscopy"

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Dubaj, Vladimir, and n/a. "Novel optical fluorescence imaging probe for the investigation of biological function at the microscopic level." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060905.084615.

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Existing optic fibre-bundle based imaging probes have been successfully used to image biological signals from tissue in direct contact with the probe tip (Hirano et al. 1996). These fibre-bundle probe systems employed conventional fluorescence microscopy and thus lacked spatial filtering or a scanned light source, two features used by laser scanning confocal microscopes (LSCMs) to improve signal quality. Improving the methods of imaging tissue in its natural state, deep in-vivo and at cellular resolution is an ever-present goal in biological research. Within this study, a novel (580 μm diameter) optic fibre-bundle direct-contact imaging probe, employing a LSCM, was developed to allow for improved imaging of deep biological tissue in-vivo. The new LSCM/probe system possessed a spatial resolution of 10 μm, and a temporal resolution of 1 msec. The LSCM/probe system was compared to a previously used direct-contact probe system that employed a conventional fluorescence microscope. Quantitative and qualitative data indicated that the LSCM/probe system possessed superior image contrast and quality. Furthermore, the LSCM/probe system was approximately 16 times more effective at filtering unwanted contaminating light from regions below the imaging plane (z-axis). The unique LSCM/probe system was applied to an exploratory investigation of calcium activity of both glial and neuronal cells within the whisker portion of the rat primary somatosensory cortex in-vivo. Fluorescence signals of 106 cells were recorded from 12 female Sprague Dawley rats aged between 7-8 weeks. Fluo-3(AM) fluorophore based calcium fluctuations that coincided with 10 - 14 Hz sinusoidal stimulation of rat whiskers for 0.5-1 second were observed in 8.5% of cells (9 of 106). Both increases and decreases in calcium levels that coincided with whisker stimulation were observed. Of the 8.5 % of cells, 2.8% (3 cells) were categorized as glial and 5.7% (6 cells) as neuronal, based on temporal characteristics of the observed activity. The remaining cells (97 of 106) displayed sufficient calcium-based intensity but no fluctuations that coincided with an applied stimulus. This was partially attributed to electronic noise inherent in the prototype system obscuring potential very weak cell signals. The results indicate that the novel LSCM/probe system is an advancement over previously used systems that employed direct-contact imaging probes. The miniature nature of the probe allows for insertion into soft tissue, like a hypodermic needle, and provides access to a range of depths with minimal invasiveness. Furthermore, when combined with selected dyes, the system allows for imaging of numerous forms of activity at cellular resolution.
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Makhlouf, Houssine. "Integrated Multi-Spectral Fluorescence Confocal Microendoscope and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging System for Tissue Screening." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202761.

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A multi-modality imaging system intended for clinical utilization has been developed. It is constructed around an existing fiber-bundle-based fluorescence confocal microendoscope. Additional imaging modalities have been implemented to expand the capabilities of the system and improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis. A multi-spectral mode of operation is one such modality. It acquires fluorescence images of a biological sample across a spectral range of sensitivity and explores the collected image data at any specified wavelength within that spectral range. Cellular structures can be differentiated according to their spectral properties. The relative distribution and concentration of the different cellular structures can potentially provide useful pathologic information about the imaged tissue. A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) modality is another imaging technique integrated into the system. It provides a cross-sectional imaging perspective that is comparable to microscopic images obtained from histology slides and complementary to the en face view obtained from the confocal imaging modality. The imaging system uses a parallelized architecture (fiber-optic bundle, line of illumination) to increase the data acquisition speed. A one-dimensional scan is needed to capture 2D images in the confocal modality or a 3D data cube (two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension) in the multi-spectral mode of operation. No scanning is required to capture a 2D OCT image. The fiber-bundle design is particularly critical for the SDOCT modality as it paves the way to novel fast endoscopic OCT imaging that has a high potential for translation into the clinic. The integrated multi-modality imaging system can readily switch between different imaging modalities, which will make it a powerful diagnostic tool in a clinical environment. It can provide valuable information about the morphology, the spectral and biochemical features, and the macroscopic architecture of tissue. It is believed that fast and accurate disease diagnosis can potentially be made based on all these characteristics.
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Elbita, Abdulhakim M. "Efficient Processing of Corneal Confocal Microscopy Images. Development of a computer system for the pre-processing, feature extraction, classification, enhancement and registration of a sequence of corneal images." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6463.

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Corneal diseases are one of the major causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Used for diagnoses, a laser confocal microscope provides a sequence of images, at incremental depths, of the various corneal layers and structures. From these, ophthalmologists can extract clinical information on the state of health of a patient’s cornea. However, many factors impede ophthalmologists in forming diagnoses starting with the large number and variable quality of the individual images (blurring, non-uniform illumination within images, variable illumination between images and noise), and there are also difficulties posed for automatic processing caused by eye movements in both lateral and axial directions during the scanning process. Aiding ophthalmologists working with long sequences of corneal image requires the development of new algorithms which enhance, correctly order and register the corneal images within a sequence. The novel algorithms devised for this purpose and presented in this thesis are divided into four main categories. The first is enhancement to reduce the problems within individual images. The second is automatic image classification to identify which part of the cornea each image belongs to, when they may not be in the correct sequence. The third is automatic reordering of the images to place the images in the right sequence. The fourth is automatic registration of the images with each other. A flexible application called CORNEASYS has been developed and implemented using MATLAB and the C language to provide and run all the algorithms and methods presented in this thesis. CORNEASYS offers users a collection of all the proposed approaches and algorithms in this thesis in one platform package. CORNEASYS also provides a facility to help the research team and Ophthalmologists, who are in discussions to determine future system requirements which meet clinicians’ needs.<br>The data and image files accompanying this thesis are not available online.
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Elbita, Abdulhakim Mehemed. "Efficient processing of corneal confocal microscopy images : development of a computer system for the pre-processing, feature extraction, classification, enhancement and registration of a sequence of corneal images." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6463.

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Corneal diseases are one of the major causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Used for diagnoses, a laser confocal microscope provides a sequence of images, at incremental depths, of the various corneal layers and structures. From these, ophthalmologists can extract clinical information on the state of health of a patient’s cornea. However, many factors impede ophthalmologists in forming diagnoses starting with the large number and variable quality of the individual images (blurring, non-uniform illumination within images, variable illumination between images and noise), and there are also difficulties posed for automatic processing caused by eye movements in both lateral and axial directions during the scanning process. Aiding ophthalmologists working with long sequences of corneal image requires the development of new algorithms which enhance, correctly order and register the corneal images within a sequence. The novel algorithms devised for this purpose and presented in this thesis are divided into four main categories. The first is enhancement to reduce the problems within individual images. The second is automatic image classification to identify which part of the cornea each image belongs to, when they may not be in the correct sequence. The third is automatic reordering of the images to place the images in the right sequence. The fourth is automatic registration of the images with each other. A flexible application called CORNEASYS has been developed and implemented using MATLAB and the C language to provide and run all the algorithms and methods presented in this thesis. CORNEASYS offers users a collection of all the proposed approaches and algorithms in this thesis in one platform package. CORNEASYS also provides a facility to help the research team and Ophthalmologists, who are in discussions to determine future system requirements which meet clinicians’ needs.
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Carlini, A. R. "Imaging modes of confocal scanning microscopy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233485.

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Pacheco, Shaun, and Shaun Pacheco. "Array Confocal Microscopy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623252.

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Confocal microscopes utilize point illumination and pinhole detection to reject out-of-focus light. Because of the point illumination and detection pinhole, confocal microscopes typically utilize point scanning for imaging, which limits the overall acquisition speed. Due to the excellent optical sectioning capabilities of confocal microscopes, they are excellent tools for the study of three-dimensional objects at the microscopic scale. Fluorescence confocal microscopy is especially useful in biomedical imaging due to its high sensitivity and specificity. However, all designs for confocal microscopes must balance tradeoffs between the numerical aperture (NA), field of view (FOV), acquisition speed, and cost during the design process. In this dissertation, two different designs for an array confocal microscope are proposed to significantly increase the acquisition speed of confocal microscopes. An array confocal microscope scans an array of beams in the object plane to parallelize the confocal microscope to significantly reduce the acquisition time. If N beams are used in the array confocal microscope, the acquisition time is reduced by a factor of N. The first design scans an array of miniature objectives over the object plane to overcome the trade-off between FOV and NA. The array of objectives is laterally translated and each objective scans a small portion of the total FOV. Therefore, the number of objectives used in the array limits the FOV, and the FOV is increased without sacrificing NA. The second design utilizes a single objective with a high NA, large FOV, and large working distance designed specifically for whole brain imaging. This array confocal microscope is designed to speed up the acquisition time required for whole brain imaging. Utilizing an objective with a large FOV and scanning using multiple beams in the array significantly reduces the time required to image large three-dimensional volumes. Both array confocal microscope designs use beam-splitting gratings to efficiently split one laser beam into a number of equal energy outgoing beams, so this dissertation explores design methods and analyses of beam-splitting gratings to fabrication errors. In this dissertation, an optimization method to design single layer beam-splitting gratings with reduced sensitivity to fabrication errors is proposed. Beam-spitting gratings are typically only designed for a single wavelength, so achromatic beam-splitting grating doublets are also analyzed for possible use in array confocal microscopes with multiple excitation wavelengths. An analysis of the lateral shift between grating layers in the achromatic grating doublet proves grating profiles with constant first spatial derivatives are significantly less sensitive than continuous phase profiles. These achromatic grating doublets have designed performance at two wavelengths, but the diffraction angles at the two wavelengths differ. To overcome that limitation, scale-invariant achromatic gratings are designed, which not only provide designed performance at two wavelengths, but also equal diffraction angles at two wavelengths.
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Aziz, David Joshua. "Confocal microscopy through a fiber-optic imaging bundle." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187269.

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This dissertation describes the implementation of confocal microscopy through a fiber-optic imaging bundle. This system, the fiber-optic imaging-bundle confocal microscope, permits the optical-sectioning effect of confocal microscopy to be applied to a range of samples inaccessible to a conventional confocal microscope. Two such systems were designed and built. The first system is a modified laboratory microscope used to demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the fiber-optic imaging-bundle confocal microscope. The second system is a real-time slit-scanning microscope that is expected to be a suitable design for in-vivo medical applications. Fiber-optic imaging bundles are discussed in some detail. A number of parameters of three flexible silica imaging bundles were measured and the suitability of these bundles for use in the microscope is evaluated. A new reflection technique for measurement of optical-fiber refractive indices was developed and applied to the evaluation of these imaging bundles.
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Yildiz, Bilge Can. "Imaging Of Metal Surfaces Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613641/index.pdf.

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Optical imaging techniques have improved much over the last fifty years since the invention of the laser. With a high brightness source many imaging applications which were once inaccessible to researchers have now become a reality. Among these techniques, the most beneficial one is the use of lasers for both wide-field and confocal imaging systems. The aim of this study was to design a laser imaging system based on the concept of laser scanning confocal microscopy. Specifically the optical system was based on optical fibers allowing the user to image remote areas such as the inner surface of rifled gun barrels and/or pipes with a high degree of precision (+/- 0.01 mm). In order to build such a system, initially the theoretical foundation for a confocal as well as a wide-field imaging system was analyzed. Using this basis a free-space optical confocal system was built and analyzed. The measurements support the fact that both the objective numerical aperture and pinhole size play an important role in the radial and axial resolution of the system as well as the quality of the images obtained. To begin construction of a confocal, optical-fiber based imaging system first an all fiber wide-field imaging system was designed and tested at a working wavelength of 1550 nm. Then an all fiber confocal system was designed at a working wavelength of 808 nm. In both cases results showed that while lateral resolution was adequate, axial resolution suffered since it was found that the design of the optical system needs to take into account under-filling of the objective lens, a result common with the use of laser beams whose divergence is not at all like that of a point source. The work done here will aid technology that will be used in the elimination process of faulty rifling fabrication in defense industry. The reason why the confocal technique is preferred to the conventional wide-field one is the need for better resolution in all directions. Theoretical concepts and mathematical background are discussed as well as the experimental results and the practical advantages of such a system.
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Jenkins, Matthew. "Quantitative confocal microscopy of dense colloidal systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1347.

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This document describes an experimental investigation into dense collections of hard spherical particles just large enough to be studied using a light microscope. These particles display colloidal properties, but also some similarities with granular materials. We improve the quantitative analysis of confocal micrographs of dense colloidal systems, which allows us to show that methods from simulations of granular materials are useful (but not sufficient) in analysing colloidal systems, in particular colloidal glasses and sediments. Collections of spheres are fascinating in their own right, but also make convincing models for real systems. Colloidal systems undergo an entropy-driven fluid-solid transition for hard spheres and a liquid-gas transition for suitable inter-particle attraction. Furthermore, experimental colloidal systems display a so far not well-understood glass transition at high densities, so that the equilibrium state is not achieved. This may be due to limited experimental timescales, but experiments under reduced gravity (both using the Space Shuttle and densitymatching solvents) suggest that it is not. Most colloidal studies have used scattering (i.e. non-microscopical) techniques, which provide no local information. Microscopy (particularly confocal) allows individual particles and their motion to be followed. However, quantitative microscopy of densely-packed, solidlyfluorescent particles, such as colloidal glasses, is challenging. We report, to our knowledge for the first time, a quantitative measure of confidence in individual particle locations and use this measure in an iterative best-fit procedure. This method was crucial for the investigation of the colloidal samples reported in this thesis. One of the disadvantages of microscopy is that it requires particles too large to be truly colloidal; gravity is no longer negligible. The particles used here rapidly sediment to form solid ”plugs”, which are supposedly ”random close packed” (RCP). At least in some cases, this is not the case, since some particles remain free to move. This observation, as well as some literature results, suggest that gravity has some influence on the structure of the sediment. In this document we consider some ideas from literature not normally considered in colloidal studies. Firstly, we discuss the RCP state, and the preferred Maximally Random Jammed state. Secondly, we borrow a technique designed to identify structures known as bridges in simulations of granular materials. Finding bridges, i.e. structures stable against gravity, in colloidal samples is the primary aim of this thesis. Gravity is important in colloidal sphere packings both in sediments and in glasses; its effect is not known but the best available candidate is bridging. The basic results of this analysis, the bridge size distributions, are close to those for granular systems, but differ little for samples of different volume fractions. We identify important stages of the analysis which require more investigation. Whilst questioning the usefulness of the bridge properties, we identify some related packing properties which show interesting trends. No theoretical predictions exist for these quantities. We investigated initially a non-density-matched system, but compare our results with a nearly density-matched system. The results from both systems are similar, despite the particles apparently acquiring a charge in the latter case. This thesis shows that reliable confocal microscopy of very dense systems of solidly-fluorescent particles is possible, and provides a range of unreported properties of dense sedimenting and sedimented nearly-Brownian sphere packings. It provides several suggestions for further analysis of these experimental systems, as well as some to be performed by those who simulate granular matter.
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Hu, Yan. "Quantitative confocal imaging of nanoporous silica." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3106.

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Nanoporous materials have been widely used in the fields of biological and chemical sensing, chemical separation, heterogeneous catalysis and biomedicine due to their merits of high surface area-to-volume ratio, chemical and thermal stabilities, and flexible surface modification. However, as the nature of nanoporous materials, they are inherently heterogeneous in the micro- and nanoenvironments. The environmental heterogeneity plays a decisive role in determining the performance of various applications of nanoporous materials. In order to provide an in-depth understanding of the nanoporous materials, it is of great interest to investigate the environmental heterogeneity in them. Single molecule spectroscopy, combined the quantitative confocal fluorescence imaging which possesses the capability of optical sectioning, has demonstrated to be a powerful tool to approach the environmental heterogeneity inside nanoporous materials. Single molecule spectroscopy is an ultrasensitive technique for probing molecular transport and properties of individual molecules. This technique has been extensively used in the research of environmental heterogeneity in nanoporous materials since it removes the issues of ensemble averaging and directly approaches detailed information that is obscured in ensemble measurements. In order to proficiently interpret single molecule data, we developed a comprehensive methodology – single molecule counting – for characterizing molecular transport in nanoporous silica. With this methodology as a tool, the nanoenvironmental heterogeneity inside the nanopores of C18-derivatized silica particles was explored by probing single molecular diffusion inside the pores. By employing single molecule ratiometric spectroscopy and a solvatochromic fluorophore as viii reporter of local environment, the gradient in nanopolarity as well as the nanoviscosity along the C18 layer after the inclusion of solvent was uncovered. The chemical properties of solute molecules at the nanopore surface are ultimately controlled by the energetics of the solute-interface interactions. The imaging of distribution of energies would be a decisive approach to assess the fundamental heterogeneity of the interface. To this end, we investigated the ΔG distribution of C18-derivatized nanoporous silica particles with quantitative confocal imaging. The pixel-to-pixel and particle-to-particle analysis showed the existence of ΔG heterogeneity between particles as well as within individual particles. The heterogeneity in ΔG could be partially responsible for band broadening in chemical separations and significantly affect overall reaction yield when using nanoporous materials as solid support for heterogeneous catalysis.
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Books on the topic "Imaging systems Confocal microscopy"

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Corle, Timothy R. Confocal scanning optical microscopy and related imaging systems. Academic Press, 1996.

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Division, Bio-Rad Microscopy. MRC-1024: Time course kinetic imaging software for MRC-1024 and MRC-1024 UV confocalimaging systems : operating manual. Bio-Rad Microscopy Division, 1996.

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Division, Bio-Rad Microscopy. MRC-1024: Laser scanning confocal imaging system : user operating manual, Issue 2.0. Bio-Rad Microscopy Division, 1996.

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Inter-Institute Workshop on In Vivo Optical Imaging at the NIH. Proceedings of Inter-Institute Workshop on In Vivo Optical Imaging at the NIH, September 16-17, 1999, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Optical Society of America, 2000.

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Brandt, Roland, and Lidia Bakota. Laser scanning microscopy and quantitative image analysis of neuronal tissue. Humana Press, 2014.

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Masters, Barry R. Confocal microscopy and multiphoton excitation microscopy: The genesis of live cell imaging. SPIE Press, 2006.

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Confocal microscopy and multiphoton excitation microscopy: The genesis of live cell imaging. SPIE Press, 2005.

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Principles of three dimensional imaging in confocal microscopes. World Scientific, 1996.

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Periasamy, Ammasi, and Wilson Tony. Confocal, multiphoton, and nonlinear microscopic imaging III: 17-18 June 2007, Munich, Germany. Edited by SPIE (Society), Optical Society of America, European Optical Society, Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Lasertechnik, and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Lasermedizin. SPIE, 2007.

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Rawlins, David. Light microscopy. BIOS Scientific Publishers, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Imaging systems Confocal microscopy"

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Dieing, Thomas. "Resolution and Performance of 3D Confocal Raman Imaging Systems." In Confocal Raman Microscopy. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75380-5_6.

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Matthäus, Christian, Tatyana Chernenko, Luis Quintero, et al. "Raman Micro-spectral Imaging of Cells and Intracellular Drug Delivery Using Nanocarrier Systems." In Confocal Raman Microscopy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12522-5_7.

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Matthäus, Christian, Tatyana Chernenko, Clara Stiebing, et al. "Raman Micro-spectral Imaging of Cells and Intracellular Drug Delivery Using Nanocarrier Systems." In Confocal Raman Microscopy. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75380-5_13.

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Amos, W. B., and J. G. White. "Direct View Confocal Imaging Systems Using a Slit Aperture." In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5348-6_25.

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Wilson, T. "The Role of the Pinhole in Confocal Imaging Systems." In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7133-9_11.

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Zucker, Robert M. "Evaluation of Confocal Microscopy System Performance." In Cell Imaging Techniques. Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-993-6_5.

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Wilson, T. "The Role of the Pinhole in Confocal Imaging System." In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5348-6_11.

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Brooker, B. E. "Imaging Food Systems by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy." In New Physico-Chemical Techniques for the Characterization of Complex Food Systems. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2145-7_2.

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Mas, Abraham, Montse Amenós, and L. Maria Lois. "Quantitative Analysis of Subcellular Distribution of the SUMO Conjugation System by Confocal Microscopy Imaging." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3759-2_11.

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Sheppard, Colin J. R., and Shakil Rehman. "Confocal Microscopy." In Biomedical Optical Imaging Technologies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28391-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Imaging systems Confocal microscopy"

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Fujita, Katsumasa. "Super-resolution confocal microscopy using optical nonlinearity." In Imaging Systems and Applications. OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/isa.2018.itu2b.1.

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Mehrubeoglu, Mehrube, Stephen Greenwald, and Christopher Evagora. "3D imaging of arterial wall using confocal microscopy." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ist.2014.6958474.

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Pirtini C¸etingu¨l, Mu¨ge, Cila Herman, and Rhoda M. Alani. "Skin Imaging With Infrared Thermography and Confocal Microscopy." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88462.

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Abstract:
The implementation of in vivo imaging technologies, such as digital photography, dermoscopy and confocal scanning laser reflectance microscopy (CSLM) in dermatology has led to recent improvements in recognizing skin lesions. Specifically, in the case of skin cancer, a key issue is that the rate of cancerous tissue growth and changes in its spatial extent with time are linked to the energy released locally by these uncontrolled metabolic processes. We believe that with a properly designed infrared (IR) imaging and measurement system combined with thermal analysis, one can characterize healthy and diseased tissue. This paper augments our previous work, in which we introduced a computational model to estimate the location and size of lesions using IR imaging data. In this paper, we focus on calibrating the IR camera and correcting its inherent artifacts. Calibration and corrections are first performed on a blackbody object and then on human skin images in order to acquire accurate surface temperature distributions. As future work, in addition to these correction steps, several other steps, such as accounting for emissivity variations will be developed for clinical studies. In addition to IR imaging, images acquired by in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy are used to examine the structure of the human skin for different skin types. Our aim is to generate additional data necessary for the IR imaging model by further analyzing the 3D structure of healthy tissue and the lesion. Specifically, in clinical studies, confocal images will be used to describe thermal associations with skin lesion and its blood supply in order to refine our transient thermal model of skin tissue.
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Lin, Yen-Yin, An-Lun Chin, Chia-Jund Lee, et al. "Automated large-volume confocal imaging system (Conference Presentation)." In Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XXVI, edited by Thomas G. Brown and Tony Wilson. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2509270.

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Vyas, Khushi, Michael R. Hughes, and Guang-Zhong Yang. "A dual-wavelength line-scan confocal endomicroscopy system for rapid molecular imaging (Conference Presentation)." In Endoscopic Microscopy XIII, edited by Melissa J. Suter, Guillermo J. Tearney, and Thomas D. Wang. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2288412.

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Toma, Henrique E., Jorge da Silva Shinohara, and Daniel Grasseschi. "Confocal Raman microscopy and hyperspectral dark field microscopy imaging of chemical and biological systems." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Alexander N. Cartwright and Dan V. Nicolau. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2087618.

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Chen, Zih-Ting, Chih-Hao Wang, and Hui-Hua K. Chiang. "Characterization of auto-fluorescence urine crystals from gout patients using confocal microscopy and micro-Raman system for urolithiasis prediction." In Biomedical Spectroscopy, Microscopy, and Imaging, edited by Jürgen Popp and Csilla Gergely. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2555440.

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Egami, Chikara. "DDS Nanoparticle Imaging with Polarization Interferometric Nonlinear Confocal Microscope." In Imaging Systems and Applications. OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/isa.2019.ith1c.5.

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Isbaner, Sebastian, Dirk Hähnel, Ingo Gregor, and Jörg Enderlein. "Superresolution upgrade for confocal spinning disk systems using image scanning microscopy (Conference Presentation)." In Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Superresolution Imaging X, edited by Jörg Enderlein, Ingo Gregor, Zygmunt K. Gryczynski, Rainer Erdmann, and Felix Koberling. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2255813.

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Singh, Vijay Raj, and Peter T. C. So. "Confocal reflectance quantitative phase microscopy system for cell biology studies (Conference Presentation)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging II, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2217962.

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