Academic literature on the topic 'Imagologie comparative'

Resumo: Este trabalho pretende empreender um estudo das imagens do estrangeiro, focalizado como “o outro”, nas relações entre as vozes e os corpos do romance O esplendor de Portugal, de António Lobo Antunes. Essa análise comparatista propõe conceber uma imagem literária sobre o estrangeiro como elemento cultural que remete à sociedade, uma imagologie que lida com a literarização e a socialização da imagística.Palavras-chave: imagens; o outro; estrangeiro; Imagologie.Abstract: This paper intends to study the images of the foreigner, focused as “the other”, in the relations between the voices and the bodies in the novel O esplendor de Portugal, by António Lobo Antunes. This comparative analysis proposes to conceive a literary image about the foreigner as a cultural element related to society, an imagologie that deals with literarization and socialization of imagistics.Keywords: images; the other; foreigner; Imagologie.

Since the 1970s, children's literature research has developed a number of approaches, from simple ideological criticism to more sophisticated applications of postcolonial theory, to analyse how, and to what end, members of other national, cultural, racial and ethnic groups are represented in texts for children. However, a field of study within comparative literature, imagology, which specifically addresses the cultural construction and literary representation of national characters in literature, has not yet made much impact. This review article will present its origins and methods of investigation as well as sketch areas in children's literature of imagological interest, which have been or are still waiting to be productively addressed, to show what the domain can gain from this approach.

The article examines the conceptual foundations and scientific, sociocultural and philosophical prerequisites of imagology, the field of interdisciplinary research in humanitaristics, the subject of which is the image of the “Other” (foreign country, people, culture, etc.). It is shown that the imagology appeared as a response to the crisis of comparatives of the mid-20th century, with a special role in the formation of its methodology played by the German comparatist scientist H. Dyserinck and his Aachen School. The article analyzes the influence on the formation of the imagology of post-structuralist and constructivist ideological-thematic complex (auto-reference of language, discursive history, construction of social reality, etc.), linguistic and cultural turn in the West in the 1960s. Shown is that, extrapolated to national issues, this set of ideas and approaches has led to a transition from the essentialist concept of the nation to the concept of a nation as an “imaginary community” or an intellectual construct. A fundamental difference in approaches to the study of an image of the “Other” in traditional comparativism and imagology, which arises from a different understanding of the nation, has been distinguished. It is concluded that the imagology studies the image of the “Other” primarily in its manipulative, socio-ideological function, i.e., as an important tool for the formation and transformation of national and cultural identity. The article identifies ideological, socio-political factors that prepared the birth of the imagology and ensured its development in western Humanities (fear of possible recurrences of extreme nationalism and fascism in post-war Europe, the EU project, which set the task of forming a pan-European identity). It is concluded that the imagology, on the one hand, has actualized an important field of scientific research — the study of the image of the “Other”, but, on the other hand, in the broader cultural and historical perspective, marked a departure not only from the traditions of comparativism and historical poetics, but also from the humanist tradition of the European culture, becoming part of a manipulative dominant strategy in the West. To the culture of “incorporation” into a “foreign word” in order to understand it, preserve it and to ensure a genuine dialogue of cultures, the imagology has contrasted the social engineering and the technology of active “designing” a new identity.

The article considers the problems of improving the methodology of science "public administration" related to the use of innovative areas of research, in particular, comparative studies, archetypes and imagology. The research hypothesis is based on the statement of the dynamism of the science of public administration, which is related to the specifics of the post-communist transformation of society and government, globalization and informatization. Thus, the science of public administration can and should develop only if the methodology of scientific research, the use of modern technologies and the achievements of other sciences are constantly updated. Improving research methodology is considered primarily in the light of globalization and informatization. It is claimed that new technologies allow to set and solve complex scientific problems not only in the technical but also in the humanities. The relative availability of sources and literature due to informatization requires an increase in the culture of working with them. The researcher in the field of public administration should master not only theoretical knowledge in the field of his work, but also master the skills and abilities to work with modern technologies, which significantly expands the possibilities of scientific analysis and generalization. A study of the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the methodology of public administration science, as well as publications in the field of comparative studies. The intensification of the use of innovative technologies of scientific research is noted, their essence and directions of application are characterized. Some examples of such studies are given. It is revealed that the methods of comparative studies are actively used in research, which is primarily devoted to the study of foreign experience, comparison of definitions, approaches and mechanisms. Ukraine has developed its own school of archetypes, which accumulates the achievements of various sciences, uses the work of foreign scientists and seeks to expand the methodological field of archetypal research. The possibilities of imagology are still only partially used, but they provide significant additional tools for understanding the image of power.

The article examines the conceptual prerequisites and grounds of the imagological approach to the problem of the truthfulness of the image of the “Another”. It has been proved that the “indifference” of imagologists to this issue, putting it beyond the framework of the imagological research, is due to some basic ideas of post-structuralism: first of all to the idea of non-referential literature. The example of the comparative analysis of the views of two well-known structural scholars Yu.M. Lotman and R. Barthes revealed fundamental differences in their approach to the study of literature, reflecting the watershed between the traditional comparative studies and the imagology. The article shows that the attitude to the issue of truthfulness of the image of the “Another” largely depended on the ideological attitudes of scholars, their aesthetic views, on the way they answered more general questions: what is literature, what are its functions and relationship with reality, is there truth? The philosophical preconditions of ideological and methodological differences between Soviet and French scientists were revealed: Lotman’s orientation to the tradition of Hegelian teleology and dialectic, and Barthes – on the tradition of post-classical philosophy of F. Nietzsche, M. Heidegger, E. Husserl, analytical philosophy. The article explains the various concepts of realism in Yu.M. Lotman’s and R. Barthes’: it shows the historicity of Lotman’s interpretation of realism and the latent “ideology” of Barthes’s position. The consequences of the poststructuralist “turn” in the historical perspective, its ideological background are described. The article is concluded with the connection of imagology as a sphere of humanitarian knowledge with post-structuralism discourse, the ideas and rules of which it extrapolates to the study of the “Another”

Imagology is a branch of comparative literature which explores the image of one nation in the literature of another nation. One Thousand Nights and One Night is among the important books which can show the image of different nations and people such as Indians, Iranians and Arabs. Since the oldest version of the book is in Arabic, it is considered an Arabic literary work though it was translated from a Persian tale in the first place. On this basis the study of the image of Iranians in One Thousand Nights and One Night can be included under the definition of imagology. In this article, first we explain, analyze and study the image of Iranians in the book One Thousand Nights and One Night with respect to 1. anthropology (including entertainments, personification of animals, disapprobation of lies and betrayal of spouses), 2. religious and mythical beliefs (including the belief in daevas and jinnis, magic, fire-worshipping and similar plots), 3. politics (emphasizing the position of vizier and his family in government), 4. economics (emphasizing economic prosperity), then we will compare the collected information with the image of Iranians in credited works and in this way we will identify the similarities and differences of Iranians’ image in One Thousand Nights and One Night and the above-said literary works. Finally we come to this conclusion that the similarities belong to the real image of Iranians in the pre-Islamic days and that differences show the image of post-Islamic Iran which is added through Arabic translation.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar las relaciones entre ciencia, ficción y mito como marcos cognoscitivos a partir de la tradición de viajes a la Luna en la literatura, así como ubicar qué mitologías han sido usadas en la descripción de la toponimia lunar. A través de un análisis comparativo, se busca explorar las estrategias de verosimilitud en relación con el mundo posible que llamamos realidad. Los escenarios y moradores de la Luna se contrastan desde una perspectiva teórica que abarca teorías de la ficción y de lo fantástico, junto con conceptos clave de la tematología e imagología comparatistas.

Abstract “As every inhabited area, culturally Transylvania can also be conceived of mainly as a symbolic space. Starting from its physical, material reality, our perceptions are made up into a subjective image of the area in question. This is the real Transylvania, or rather, the place in connection with which we formulate our ideas and to which we adjust our deeds. This image may seem so real also because it is equally shared by many, occasionally several millions. If many see things in the same way, we could say, this means that they are so in reality, though most of the time we only share prejudices, clichés and misunderstandings” - Sorin Mitu writes. Comparative imagology examines the formation of these collective ideas as well as the issues of identity and attitude to the Other. As a member of the imagology research group at the Department of Humanities of Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania, I translated one chapter of Sorin Mitu’s volume entitled Transilvania mea [My Transylvania]. During the translation process it became obvious to me that if translation is not only linguistic but also cultural transmission, it is especially true for the translation of historical works and that it would be worth examining whether some kind of rapprochement could be detected between the Romanian and Hungarian historical research of the past decades; if yes, whether this is reflected in the mutual translation of the respective works

The paper presents a review of the main issues and methods of studying modern French literature and comparative studies. The authors outline the diferences between European approaches, now taken with focus rather on all-European common principles than cultural distinctions, and American tendencies that reflect the priority of feminist and post-colonial methods of comparative studies. Attention is paid to the French peculiarities concerning the replacement of the term ‘influence’ by ‘intertextuality’, and to the role of intermedial and interdisciplinary comparative studies. Among the outlined concepts and issues are research ethics in comparative studies; non-essential writers and genres (F. Lavokat); relation of comparative studies to the concepts of European and world literature (A. Tomiche); the role and place of comparative studies in literature and culture (F. Toudoire-Surlapierre), accuracy and universality of defining the discipline (B. Franco), the study of links between literature and art (G. Steiner). Attention is also paid to the discussions on the concept of ‘world literature’ (in particular to the views of P. Kazanova) that concern the term ‘world literature’ as it is interpreted by American researchers and ‘European literature’ used by French ones. Other issues are the concept of ‘cultural transfer’; the content of hermeneutic practice in comparison; the role of analysis and ‘defamiliarization’ (introduced by V. Shklovsky); comparison as an object of criticism, a tool of analytics, and methodological necessity; the transversality as the coexistence of diferent comparative methods. The comparative approach has been shown as ontological and culturological vision, a special method of research with a basis in comparison and opposition of the interconnected systems covering translation studies, mythology, imagology, geocriticism, post-colonial and gender studies, research of cultural transfer specified as multicomparativism.

The article explores the image of the steppe on the material of the literary parallel: the poem of the polish poet G. Zelinsky «Kirgiz» and the story of G. Grebenshchikov «Batyrbek`s Khanate». The named works repeatedly became the subject of scientific observation by polish, russian and domestic researchers. Moreover, the focus was mainly on ethnographic commentary. The originality of the comparison undertaken within the framework of the article — the image of the steppe — but in the testing of a new perspective. Describing the phenomenon of the interaction of the artistic worlds, the authors of the article apply modern comparative approaches, shifting the emphasis from highlighting patterns in creating the image of the steppe to interpreting the origins of this process in the historical and literary perspective. The transition to the methods of comparative imagology allows you to track the formation of the image from its inception and existence up to historical projection on the modern country brand of Kazakhstan as the great steppe country. Imagological methodology authentically conveys the deep sources of parallel historical and literary processes over a long time. Textological illustrations in accordance with the scientific version of the authors prove the mental nature of the image of the steppe. The result of scientific observations is the conclusion about the productivity of new comparative approaches in the study of literary analogies

Le domaine de l’imagologie est défini, par les comparatistes, comme un domaine de frontière, entre littérature comparée, histoire, ethnopsychologie. Nous nous sommes situés dans une perspective imagologique dans le cadre de cette recherche, pour décrire les étapes de la formation de l’image des Roumains dans des écrits français du XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Ces étapes sont marquées par des textes de référence dans l’histoire des relations franco-roumaines, nous mentionnons ici le premier grand livre sur les Moldo-Valaques de Jean-Louis Carra, en passant par le livre de Stanislas Bellanger, jusqu’aux écrits d’Abdolonyme Ubicini, sans oublier ceux des divers consuls français, ou historiens, amis des Roumains.La Roumanie ne s’est pas faite en un jour. L’image des Français sur les Roumains s’est cristallisée durant le XIXe siècle. Il est vrai, dès le XIIIe siècle, des militaires français, des commerçants étaient arrivés sur les terres habités par les ancêtres des Roumains. Mais l’attraction vers l’Orient, cultivée surtout par le XVIIIe et le XIXe siècle, tout comme l’inquiétude qu’exerçaient en Europe les Empires Ottoman et Russe ont fait que de plus en plus de Français, aventuriers, révolutionnaires, exilés, hommes politiques, militaires voyagent vers l’Est européen.Même s’ils sont rédigés durant un séjour en pays roumain, au début, les écrits français sur les Roumains sont influencés par les chroniques moldo-valaques et par les textes antérieurs. Au fur et à mesure que les moyens de transport s’améliorent et que le kéroutza est remplacé par le train ou le bateau sur le Danube, les ouvrages sont beaucoup plus personnels, sans ignorer les textes antérieurs. Nous avons démontré que cette reprise des mêmes fragments d’images, faisant référence à des domaines récurrents (histoire, habits, logements, moeurs, organisation, ressources naturelles, paysage, ethnies), a abouti à composer une image qui est loin de la touche négative du cliché. Les enregistrements scripturaux sur les Roumains du XIXe siècle allaient préparer le terrain pour la naissance de la nation roumaine. Ce moment, ouvrant la voie à la grande amitié France-Roumanie, coïncide avec l’apparition dans les textes officiels des mots Roumain, Roumanie.Nous nous sommes intéressés aux écrits français sur les Roumains d’une période mal connue, sinon pas du tout, mais ce n’est pas une analyse exhaustive, notre recherche ne fait que commencer un travail qui pourra déboucher sur l’étude des textes d’ambassade, des échanges de messages entre les consuls français et le gouvernement français, avant même que la première ambassade française s’installe en Roumanie au XIXe siècle. L’étude des écrits sur lesquels nous nous sommes arrêtés se constitue en analyse de divers documents, essais historiques, mémoires, récits de voyage, statistiques. Notre analyse opère avec les concepts d’image (au sens de représentation), de8 stéréotype, d’ethnotype, en termes de réception de l’Autre, avec tout ce que l’altérité a de caractéristique. L’image finale ressort des récurrences des mêmes éléments sur lesquels les auteurs insistent (stéréotypes)
The field of imagology is defined by comparatists as a frontier domain, somewhere in between comparative literature, history and ethnopsychology. We have approached the subject matter from an imagological perspective in order to describe the image formation stages of the Romanians in several French writings in the 18th and 19th century. These stages are marked by several reference texts along the history of the French-Romanian relations, we mention here the first great work on the Moldo-Vlachs by Jean-Louis Carra, following Stanislas Bellanger’ book to Abdolonyme Ubicini’s writings, without forgetting those of various French consuls or historians, friends of the Romanians.Romania has not come into being within a single day. The French people’s image on the Romanians crystallized along the 19th century. True, in the 13th century French military men and merchants arrived in the lands inhabited by the ancestors of the Romanians. But the attraction of the Orient, cultivated especially in the 18th and 19th century, as well as the apprehension exerted in Europe by the Ottoman and Russian Empires determined more and more adventurers, revolutionaries, exiles, politicians and soldiers to travel towards Eastern Europe. Even if they were written during a stay in the Romanian countries, at first, the French writings about the Romanians bear the influence/ mark of the Moldo-Vlach chronicles and earlier texts. As transport is getting better and the keroutza is replaced by train or ship along the Danube, later works become increasingly personal without disregarding previous writings. We have demonstrated that this resuming of the same fragments of images referring to recurring domains (history, habits, dwellings, morals, organization, natural resources, landscape and ethnic groups) resulted into composing an image which is far from the touch of the negative cliché. The scriptural records about Romanians in the 19th century would prepare the ground for the foundation of the Romanian nation. This point coincides with the appearance in the official texts of the words Romanian, Romania, everything preparing the ground for the great France-Romania friendship. We are mainly interested in the period when the writings are scarce, as compared with the French books appearing in the 20th century. The study of these writings constitutes in the analysis of various documents, historical essays, memoirs, travel narratives and embassy reports. This analysis operates with concepts of image (meaning representation), stereotype, ethnotype in the terms of perceiving the Other with everything Alterity has characteristic. The finale image is appearing of recurrence of the same elements which the authors insist on (stereotypes)

La recherche se focalise sur l’étude d’un corpus composé d’œuvres littéraires françaises et de la région du Río de la Plata (Amérique du Sud), qui vont de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle jusqu’à 2015. L’étude s’appuie aussi sur l’analyse d’images iconographiques, pour analyser l’image du personnage de l’employée domestique qui se dégage dans la convergence entre la littérature et les arts plastiques. Dans une perspective comparatiste, le travail explore les formes de la représentation de cette figure d’un point de vue stylistique, thématique et politique. Les contiguïtés entre les deux corpus nationaux montrent non seulement l’existence d’une dynamique d’échanges entre le Río de la Plata et la France en ce qui concerne les débats esthétiques et politiques, mais aussi l’existence d’un partage du sensible commun. L’étude établit une périodisation des modes de représentation du personnage, depuis son accès au rôle principal, à travers l’analyse de la construction littéraire de sa voix, de son parcours de vie, de son intimité et du regard qu’il porte sur le monde. Cette recherche se fonde sur la conviction que la domesticité est un fait social total, dont l’analyse mène à une radicale interrogation ontologique. Cela marque de son empreinte le personnage et les rapports qui se tissent autour de lui et résulte dans sa puissance politique, dont les auteurs se sont emparés. Finalement, et suivant une tradition d’études qui se font sur la longue durée et en prenant compte d’une certaine « transnationalisation » de la figure, nous entendons encourager l’étude de la domestique dans le domaine de la littérature comparée
This research focuses on the study of a corpus composed of French literary works, as well as those from the Latin American region of Río de la Plata, ranging from the mid-nineteenth century to the year 2015. The study is also based on the analysis of some iconographic images, in order to analyse the image of the housemaid’s character that emerges in the convergence between literature and visual arts. From a comparative perspective, the work explores the forms which represent this figure from a stylistic, thematic and political point of view. Adjacencies between the two national corpora show not only the existence of exchanges between the Río de la Plata and France regarding the aesthetic and political debate, but also the existence of a common distribution of the sensible. The study establishes a periodization of the character representation modes, from the character’s access to the main role, through to the analysis of the literary construction of her voice, her course of life, her intimacy and the view she has of the world. This research is based on the belief that domestic service is a total social fact, whose analysis leads to “a radical ontological questioning”. This leaves a mark on the character and on the plot that develops around her. As a result, the authors capture an image of political power. Following on from a tradition of studies that are made in the long term and also taking into account a certain "trans-nationalisation" of the character, we intend to promote the study of housemaids and domestic service in the field of comparative literature

Abstract This study examines indices of Finnishness in the production of second- and third-generation Finnish-American authors. Its aim is to analyse the common ethnic traits of Finnishness proposed by ethnographic research in relation to the literary texts presented by the selected authors. The research is literary in nature, investigating both societal and social arguments that are depicted in the central works of five chosen authors: namely, Lauri Anderson's Heikki Heikkinen And Other Stories of Upper Peninsula Finns; Mary Caraker's Growing Up Soggy and Elina, Mistress of Laukko; Joseph Damrell's Gift; Lynn Laitala's Down from Basswood; and Paula Robbins's Below Rollstone Hill. One of the most important disciplines within the field of Comparative Literature – where the function of critical scrutiny is to examine cultural identity, and various cultural models – has been imagological literary research. For the purposes of the present thesis, the theoretical basis of this research has been taken as the cognitive theory of cultural meaning in Comparative Literature, with its imagological approach. Raija Taramaa's theoretical model of Finnishness provides a supportive framework which helps to analyse Finnishness in the works of the five selected writers (who have no developed ability in the Finnish language). Through these means it is hoped that the present research will open up to its readers a deeper understanding of the cultural models describing Finnishness in the production of second- and third-generation Finnish-American authors, leading them into a detailed exploration of the ways in which the ethnic indices of Finnishness have remained in the cultural memories of these chosen authors. The research has indicated that cultural indices endure from generation to generation in an unfamiliar environment even at the time when the identity of the person in question has been changed during the former generation, for example, with respect to his or her native language. The study also reveals that a number of the indices representing the original culture have become simplified over the years, and that the cultural cohort of individuals exhibiting those traits has developed certain stereotypes that have faded in past decades but not yet disappeared. The ethnicity of a minority group of Finnish Americans surrounded by several other more dominant ethnicities has developed into symbolic ethnicity with limited commitments to ethnic cultural activities. The ethnic activities of the symbolic identifiers are likely to have an occasional character and to be acceptable in a multiethnic setting
Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana on tarkastella toisen ja kolmannen polven amerikansuomalaisten kirjailijoiden tuotantoa suomalaisuuden näkökulmasta. Tarkoitus on tuoda esille niitä suomalaisuuden etnisiä piirteitä, jotka tänä päivänä ovat sellaisiksi tunnistettu sekä suomalaisten että amerikkalaisten etnografien tutkimuksissa. Työni sijoittuu kognitiivisen kirjallisuudentutkimuksen kenttään. Se sisältää yhteiskunnallisia ja sosiaalisia argumentteja siinä määrin kuin niitä esiintyy tutkimuksen kohteena olevissa teoksissa. Tutkimukseni kirjailijat sekä heidän teoksensa ovat: Lauri Anderson, Heikki Heikkinen And Other Stories of Upper Peninsula Finns, Mary Caraker, Growing up Soggy sekä Elina, Mistress of Laukko, Joseph Damrell, Gift, Lynn Laitala, Down from Basswood, ja Paula Robbins, Below Rollstone Hill. Tutkimuksessa käytetään kulttuurimalleja sekä skeemoja analysoitaessa imagologista lähestymistapaa, joka kirjallisuudentutkimuksen alalla on muodostunut yhdeksi tärkeimmistä lähestymistavoista nimenomaan kulttuuri-identiteettiä sekä eri kansallisuuksien kulttuurimalleja tutkittaessa. Kehittämäni teoreettinen malli suomalaisuuden eri piirteistä tukee fiktiivisten sekä osittain ei-fiktiivisten teosten analysointia luo sen viitekehikon, jonka mukaisesti olen tarkastellut suomalaisuutta valitsemieni viiden amerikansuomalaisen kirjailijan tuotannossa. Tutkimus pyrkii selvittämään missä määrin suomalaisuutta ilmentävät kulttuurimallit ovat säilyneet toisen ja kolmannen polven suomen kieltä osaamattomien amerikansuomalaisten kirjailijoiden kulttuurisessa muistissa sävyttäen heidän kerrontaansa suomalaisuuden eri etnisiä piirteitä tietoisesti tai tiedostamatta kuvaavina. Tutkimus osoittaa, miten kansalliset kulttuurilliset erikoispiirteet säilyvät sukupolvelta toiselle vieraassa kulttuuriympäristössä myös silloin, kun kulttuurin kokijan identiteetti on jo aiemman sukupolven aikana esimerkiksi kielen osalta muuttunut toiseksi. Moni suomalaista identiteettiä ilmentävä peruspiirre on vähitellen yksinkertaistunut tai saanut uusia vaikutteita mutta säilyttänyt kuitenkin siitä tietoisen ryhmän keskuudessa erilaisia suomalaisuudeksi luokiteltavia stereotyyppisiä käyttäytymisen malleja, jotka vuosikymmenten kuluessa ovat haalistunut, mutta eivät vielä hävinneet. Pienen amerikansuomalaisen vähemmistön identiteetti monien hallitsevampien etnisyyksien puristuksessa on vähitellen muodostunut symboliseksi etnisyydeksi, jolloin yksilöillä on vapaus valita sitoutumisensa aste kyseessä olevan kulttuurin vaatimuksiin. Näin ollen amerikansuomalaisuutta ilmentävät tavat ja tunnusmerkit ovat suomalaisuuteen liitettyinä saaneet osaksensa sellaisia arvoja ja toimintamalleja, jotka sekä symbolisen että epäsäännöllisen luonteensa vuoksi ovat helpommin hyväksyttäviä monikulttuurisessa ympäristössä

Des récits de voyage aux romans coloniaux européens, l’Afrique a toujours servi à affirmer les valeurs européennes, davantage qu’à montrer les réalités africaines. Quelles valeurs se dégagent alors du discours sur l’Afrique subsaharienne véhiculé par les romans pour la jeunesse parus en France et en Allemagne entre 1991 – fin de l’apartheid – et 2010 – cinquantième anniversaire des indépendances ? Quels regards portent ces romans sur l’Afrique subsaharienne ? Et quelles auto-images des Européens transparaissent à travers ces images de l’Afrique ? De nombreuses études insistent sur la pérennité de l’imaginaire colonialiste dans les productions culturelles européennes. Ce travail prend le parti de montrer dans quelle mesure il existe, dans bon nombre de romans pour la jeunesse, une volonté de prendre ses distances avec l’héritage colonialiste, voire à le dénoncer, ainsi que de favoriser l’entente interculturelle entre Européens et Africains et de sensibiliser aux problèmes socioéconomiques de l’Afrique. Or, ces « bonnes intentions » se heurtent régulièrement à des limites et à des paradoxes. Cela donne lieu à un écart entre les valeurs explicitement défendues par les textes et celles, moins avouables, que les textes véhiculent involontairement. À travers un corpus de plus de 120 romans pour la jeunesse sur l’Afrique subsaharienne parus en France et en Allemagne, ce travail identifie les manifestations narratologiques de cet écart et explore des pistes possibles pour le réduire
From travel writing to colonial European novels, Africa has always been used to affirm European values more than to show African realities. What values emerge then from the discourse on sub-Saharan Africa conveyed by the novels for young people published in France and Germany between 1991 – end of the Apartheid – and 2010 – 50th anniversary of the African Independences? How do these novels portray sub-Saharan Africa? And what self-images of Europeans appear through these images of Africa? Many studies insist on the persistence of the colonialist imagination in European cultural productions. This work looks at the extent to which many novels for young people try to distance themselves from the colonial heritage, or to criticize it, and to encourage intercultural understanding between Europeans and Africans and raise awareness of African socio-economic problems. These “good intentions” regularly run into limits and paradoxes. This gives rise to a gap between the values explicitly defended by the texts and those, less praiseworthy, that the texts convey involuntarily. Through a corpus of more than 120 novels for young people about sub-Saharan Africa published in France and Germany, this work identifies the narratological manifestations of this gap and explores ways to reduce it
Angefangen von historischen Reiseberichten bis hin zu den Kolonialromanen steht Afrika in der europäischen Literatur eher als Sinnbild für europäische Werte als für afrikanische Realitäten. Welche Werte wurden zwischen 1991 (dem Ende der Apartheid) und 2010 (dem fünfzigsten Jubiläum der Dekolonisation) im Afrikadiskurs der Kinder- und Jugendromane in Frankreich und Deutschland vermittelt? Welche Afrikabilder überliefern diese Romane? Und vor allem: welches Selbstbildnis der Europäer offenbart sich durch diese Afrikabilder? Viele Studien haben gezeigt, dass der Einfluss des kolonialistischen Erbes in den kulturellen Produktionen Europas immer noch nicht gänzlich verschwunden ist. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass viele der Kinder- und Jugendromane sich einerseits von genau diesem kolonialistischen Erbe distanzieren wollen oder es sogar anprangern, und versuchen damit interkulturelle Arbeit zu leisten. Diese Absicht entwickelt andererseits jedoch häufig ihre eigenen Paradoxe und stößt somit an ihre Grenzen. Das führt zu einer Abweichung zwischen den Werten die explizit, und jenen, die unwillkürlich von den Texten vermittelt werden. Anhand eines Korpus von mehr als 120 Kinder- und Jugendromanen aus Frankreich und Deutschland analysiert diese Arbeit die erzähltheoretischen Merkmale dieser Abweichung und erforscht Möglichkeiten, diese auf narratologischer Ebene zu beheben

À travers cette recherche, nous avons tenté d’élucider la complexité de la vie de l’émir Abd el-Kader. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi d’étudier un certain nombre de productions littéraires, iconographique et historiques en lien avec cette figure centrale de l’histoire de la colonisation et de l’indépendance de l’Algérie. L’intérêt principal de ce travail intitulé : Constructions littéraires et idéologiques autour de la figure de l’émir Abd el-Kader : Une individualité complexe à l’épreuve de la modernité, au-delà de l’aspect biographique, réside dans l’argumentation élaborée depuis le comparatisme et l’imagologie. La méthodologie choisie découle de la nécessité de croiser les regards et les points de vue, afin de faire ressortir la vie de l’émir comme le symptôme d’un malaise et du refus d’une parole pleine, afin de rendre compte de la difficulté de l’écriture de l’histoire. Ainsi certains aspects de la vie de l’émir, tels que son séjour forcé en France de 1847 à 1852, tout comme son adhésion à la franc-maçonnerie sont des faits purement occultés dans l’Algérie officielle. C’est ici que la complexité de l’individualité de l’émir résiste au moule idéologique dans lequel on veut l’enfermer, et cela des deux côtés de la Méditerranée
This research undertaking represents an attempt to shed light on the life of Emir Abd al-Qādir in all its complexity. In order to do so, we chose to study various literary, pictorial and historical productions linked to this key figure in the history of colonisation and of the independence of Algeria. The main interest of this work, entitled Literary and Ideological Constructions around the Figure of Emir Abd al-Qādir, lies in lines of argumentation drawn from comparativism and imagology. The chosen methodology derives from the need to confront outlooks and points of view, so as to study the Emir’s life as a symptom of malaise and refusal to engage in comprehensive discourse, and thereby bear witness to the difficulty of writing history. Thus, some aspects of the Emir’s life, such as his enforced stay in France between 1847 and 1852, as well as his membership of the Freemasons, are wholly suppressed in official Algeria. It is at this point that Abd el Kader resists the ideological mould in which he has been imprisoned, and this on both sides of the Mediterranean