Dissertations / Theses: 'Imbabura'

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Caicedo, Ceron Margarita. "Disponibilidad y uso de los servicios basicos en relacion al estado nutricional, enfermedades, diarreicas agudas e enfecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de 5 anos, en las tres Etnias de las Comunidades Rurales en la Provincia de Imbabura durante el periodo 1998-1999." Diss., Ibarra, Ecuador, 2000. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,4179.

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Quel, Ruíz Wendy Valeria. "Effect of the use of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) leaf flour in the creation of feeds for the production of broiler chickens." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5422.

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This investigation was conducted in the rural community of Cuambo, located in the northeast of the province of Imbabura, in the Mira river basin of Salinas parish, at 1530 meters above sea level and with an average temperature of 19.5° C. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze the effect of using amaranth (Amaranthus) leaf flour in the creation of feeds for broiler chickens. The field work occurred during 12 months and consisted of two phases: A. Creation of the feed: This proceeded from the cultivation, cutting, and drying of amaranth until the obtaining of the flour and later the feed, with the respective formulation and acquisition of primary materials. B. Broiler chicken production: This occurred in the coop of the community's school, previously prepared for taking in the chicks. The study lasted 8 weeks. A completely random design (CRD) with five treatments and four repetitions per treatment was used, with 10 chickens per experimental unit. ANOVA analysis and Tukey and orthogonal comparisons were applied. The factor under study was the percentage of amaranth leaf flour in a basic diet. The treatments were as follows: T0 = Control diet for broiler chickens T1 = 16.7% amaranth leaf flour T2 = 35% amaranth leaf flour T3 = 54% amaranth leaf flour T4 = 78% amaranth leaf flour Analyzed variables: Weekly weight increase, Weekly food conversion, Accumulated food conversion, Total food consumption, Efficiency index, Yield, Skin pigmentation at the end of the treatments, Organoleptic analysis, Mortality, Economic analysis. From the results obtained, we conclude that the feed from treatment 1 (T1) is the best because it gave the most efficient results in terms of weight increase, food conversion, efficiency index, yield, and production cost. In the organoleptic analysis, T2 received more points regarding appearance, color, and texture; T1 received the best points in odor. The most acceptable treatments are T2 and T1, with the most points. In production cost, T4 was the least expensive, but it is not recommended for use because the chickens had poor results in the studied variables.

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Chávez, Verónica. "Determination of seric retinol levels in relation to consumed diet and the prevalence of anemia in preschool- and school-aged children in the communities of Cuambo and La Rinconada, Imbabura province." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5347.

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In this investigation the seric retinol levels were determined in order to relate them with consumed diets by preschool- and school-aged children and the prevalence of anemia in the communities of Cuambo and La Rinconada, Imbabura province, in order to later compare them with reference values. Blood samples were taken from 74 children from the two communities, 30 in La Rinconada and 44 in Cuambo, beneficiaries of the Benson Institute, to determine retinol, ferritin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Also, a 24-hour record with frequency of food consumption survey was given to the studied children's parents, making a sample of 56 families. Among the principal results we can determine that the inhabitants of the two communities have a low consumption of foods rich in Vitamin A compared to recommendations, despite having family gardens that include a large quantity of foods rich in this micronutrient.

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Andrade, Varela Santiago Daniel. "The influence of active tectonics on the structural development and flank collapse of Ecuadorian arc volcanoes." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21957.

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Des approches géologiques et morphologiques, ainsi que des modèles analogiques, ont été utilisés pour étudier pour la première fois le rôle de la tectonique active durant le développement structural des volcans de l'arc équatorien. En Equateur, la morphologie des volcans reflète un développement structural complexe, influencé par la superposition de différentes interactions volcano-tectoniques, autant dans le régime gravitationnel local que dans le régime tectonique régional. Ces interactions peuvent contrôler le développement de structures volcaniques majeures, tels que les effondrements de flanc, l'emplacement d'évents latéraux et la taille et la forme des édifices volcaniques. Un exemple de ces interactions est le volcan Imbabura (nord du pays), qui est composé de cinq unités stratigraphiques et structurales majeures. Au cours du développement de l'Imbabura, l'emplacement de ces unités a été fortement contrôlé et influencé par l'interaction de l'édifice volcanique avec : 1- la faille régional dextre 'El Angel-Rio Ambi' ; et 2- la pente de son substratum. Certaines structures observées dans les dépôts d'avalanche de débris volcaniques sont la conséquence des structures développées aux stades initiaux des effondrements de flanc

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Meneses, Irma. "Elaboración de fideos, enriquecidos con frejol cargabello en las comunidades de Cuambo y la Rinconada del Canton Ibarra Provincia de Imbabura /." Diss., Ibarra, Ecuador, 2002. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/Benson&CISOPTR=5502.

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Tesis de Grado previa a la obención del Titulo de Licenciado(a) en Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Technica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Nutricion y Salud Comunitaria.
Abstract in Spanish and English.

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Gomez, Chiran Olga Maria. "Educacion alimentaria nutricional y de salud, con lecciones educativas en la Escuela de la Comunidad de la Rinconada del Cantón Ibarra, Provincia de Imbabura /." Diss., Ibarra, Ecuador, 2001. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/Benson&CISOPTR=5498.

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Tesis de Grado previa a la obención del Titulo de Licenciado(a) en Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Technica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Nutricion y Dietética.
Abstract in Spanish and English.

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Caicedo, Barrios Marisol. "Determination of home techniques for storing and conserving food in the homes of Cuambo and La Rinconada in Imbabura province, 2001-2002." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5338.

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In Ecuador, there is a grave socioeconomic nutritional problem, and it is seen clearest in Imbabura province in the communities of Cuambo and La Rinconada. One of the biggest problems is inadequate food, due principally to the poor food storage and conservation habits. Considering this problem, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of improved traditional techniques for storing and conserving food, through which families can store and manage their product better, controlling and avoiding losses due to insects, rodents, and climate, and guaranteeing conservation of the same. The investigation was oriented to implement alternative, improved storage and conservation technologies for the most-produced foods in the aforementioned communities. The alternative conservation technologies applied in the investigative process, with the active participation of the communities' families, were: a) GRANARY: A simple wooden structure constructed from local materials that permits storing corn on the cob, thus retaining its physical and organoleptic qualities while avoiding losses from insects and rodents. b) METAL SILO: A cylindrical, metal structure with a capacity up to 4 quintales [184 kg], used to store grains such as beans and corn, and cured with ash to avoid diseases such as weevils. c) CLAY JARS: A technique used anciently and in this study that has been used to store beans, corn, and peas. These containers are recommendable because they have thermoisolating characteristics and are resistant to insects and rodents. The cost of making clay jars is relatively small because customs, traditional methods of creation, and limited usage are still conserved. d) REED BASKETS: Receptacles used to store grains, principally beans and corn. This storage technique has been used more frequently in Cuambo, due to which in this study it was necessary to make use of them and increase their coverage in the community of La Rinconada. e) TUBER STORAGE: For this, the techniques used were: 1) Greening silo, which consists of an open wooden structure with a tile roof and with posts attached to the ground for seed potato storage beds, and 2) PÅ“sha, which consists of making a hole in the soil in order to keep potatoes and yucca in good condition. f) HOME REFRIDGERATOR: This consists of a wooden structure covered in cloth, rubber, and oxidation-resistant mesh. Its works simply: water is put in an upper receptacle. Water is absorbed through the cloth and passed to the lower chamber, keeping the inside of the refrigerator cold. This permits storage and conservation of fruit, vegetables, milk, etc. The refrigerator was used in the two communities in this project, with which it validity and effectiveness were proven. The refrigeration temperatures in La Rinconada and Cuambo were 12Â°C and 20Â°C, respectively. The study's results allowed rescuing and strengthening of the knowledge of home techniques for food storage and conservation. They were accepted and applied by the different families in the project, thus allowing sustainable family development.

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Echeverría, Alexandra. "Effect of the consumption of farm animals on the diet and hemoglobin levels of school age children in the rural communities of Topo, Imbabura, Gualabi, Calpaqui, and Compania of the Imbabura province." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5358.

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This research addressed malnutrition in the villages of Topo, Imbabura, Gualabí, Calpaquí and Compañía in the city Otavalo, which is in the Province of Imbaura, Ecuador. The research determined the effects of consumption of small-animals on the diet and hemoglobin levels in school aged boys and girls. This study involved 311 indigenous children between 6 and 12 years of age. Following parental authorization, blood tests and fecal samples were taken from each child to analyze hemoglobin and parasites. Additional information gathered from this study group included a socio-economic survey, frequency of food consumption, 24 hour inventory, animal production, and basic knowledge on anemia to compare the results with the normal standards. The results showed prevalent anemia, poor nutritional conditions, parasite presence, dietary iron deficiencies, and low school performance. Recommendations from these results include using dietary iron supplements and deworming children. This information increases community knowledge of the nutritional conditions of school children and how to improve these situations in general.

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Vaca, Tanya. "Relacion del estado nutricional con las enfermedades diarreicas agudas de los niños menores de cinco años de las etnias ind'igena, negra y mestiza del area rural de la provincia de Imbabura 1998-1999 /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1999. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,4194.

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Rosero, Carlos. "Relacion entre parasitosis intestinal con servicios basicos y estado nutricional en niños menores de cinco años, en la etnia indigena, negra y mestiza del area rural de la provincia de imbabura, 1998-1999." Diss., 6barra, Ecuador, 2000. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,4189.

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Tesis previs a la obtencion del titulo de licenciado en nutricion y dietetica, Universidad Technica del Norte, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Nutricion y Dietetica.
Abstract in spanish and English.

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Dávila, Pullas Lorena Marivel. "Evaluation of five lines of amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) in three locations within the Imbabura province." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5355.

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The following lines of white-seeded amaranth were tested in three locations within the Imbabura province of Ecuador: Ecu-0113, Ecu-0014, Ecu-2210, Ecu-4737, and Ecu-4744. The three locations used were Caranqui, Urcuquí, and Pucará which are 2228, 2423, and 2513 meters above sea level respectively. The objectives of this study were: 1) to identify which of the five experimental amaranth lines respond best at each altitude, 2) to establish which of the three locations is most appropriate for cultivation, 3) to understand the vegetative period of the five lines in each location, 4) to analyze which of the five experimental lines possesses the best characteristics in regard to yield, and 5) to determine the cost of producing one hectare of amaranth. The hypothesis was that at least one of the five amaranth lines has a different response in each of the three locations. A randomized block design with five treatments (varieties) and three repetitions in each location was used. Tests of significance were conducted via the Tukey method at 0.05 examining stem length, panicle length, yield, and days to harvest for all varieties and locations. Combined analysis was used to evaluate variety interaction by location. Significant differences in stem length were observed among the different locations and varieties. The Ecu-0113 variety reached lengths of 1020.00 mm. In regard to panicle length, significant differences were also observed among different locations and varieties. The most promising locations were Urcuquí and Caranqui while the most promising varieties were Ecu-0113 and Ecu-4737. Significant differences in grain yield were also observed among the different locations and varieties. In the Urcuquí area, the Ecu-0113 variety had the highest yield with a yield of 2404.24 kg/ha. In the Caranqui and Pucará areas, the Ecu-2210 variety had the highest yields with values of 1605.88 and 833.99 kg/ha respectively. The Ecu-4744 variety was the first ready to harvest in all three locations while the variety Ecu-2210 was the last. The production of one hectare of amaranth resulted in a cost-benefit ratio of 2.48 which means that for every dollar invested, $1.48 USD was recovered. In the Imbabura province, Urcuquí and Caranqui can be considered favorable environments for cultivation and Ecu-0113 and Ecu-2210 were the varieties that exhibited the greatest production potential. We recommend planting the Ecu-0113 variety in Urcuquí and the Ecu-2210 variety in Caranqui and Pucará to obtain maximum grain yield.

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Yacelga, Calderón Elva Susana. "Conocimientos, actitudes y practicas sobre costumbres y creencias alimentarias de madres de niños menores de cinco años, madres lactantes y embarazadas, en tres comunidades rurales de las etnias: negra, mestiza e indigena de la provincia de Imbabura 1998-1999 /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2000. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,4178.

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Paguay, Ruiz R. Patricio. "Relaciʹion entre anemia, consumo de hierro y parasitosis intestinal en niños menores de cinco años pertenecientes a las etnias indʹigena, mestiza y negra del ʹarea rural de Imbabura 1999 /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2000. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,4190.

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Victoria, Recalde Fanny Margoth. "Food, nutrition, and health education with educational lessons in the Cuambo community school, Ibarra canton, Imbabura province." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2001. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5450.

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The general objective of this study was that of giving food, health, and nutrition education via educational lessons based on a diagnostic of teachers' and children's knowledge at the Cuambo school. The study is descriptive and transverse and lasted from October 2000 through June 2001. The study included 100% of the attending children and teachers of the Cumabo community school, being 42 in number. Variables were: topics on eating, nutrition, and health that complete the plan of basic studies, along with training of students and teachers. Since the project was eminently educational, it implied carrying out the respective educational lessons with adaptations for each community. There were 10 educational lessons done for each community, which consisted of topic, audience, message, objective, techniques, materials, preliminary preparation, initial evaluation, classroom development, review, reinforcement, final evaluation, and analysis. The support educational materials used were the Healthy Schools pamphlets, which were made into the principal source of education.

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Muriel, Ruth. "Diagnostico alimentario, nutricional y de salud de los niños escolares de las comunidades de Guambo y la Rinconada, Provincia de Imbabura 2000-2001 /." Diss., Ibarra [Ecuador], 2001. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/Benson&CISOPTR=5504.

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Tesis Previa a la Obtencion de la Licenciatura en Nutricion y Dietetica, Universidad Téchnica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Nutricion y Dietetica, Escuela de Nutricion y Dietetica.
Abstract in Spanish and English.

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Guerrero, Juan Carlos. "Conocimientos, actitudes y practicas de salud y nutricion en madres con niños menores de 5 años en comunidades rurales indegena, negra y mestiza de la Provincia de Imbabura en 1999 /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access CLICK HERE for online access, 2000. http://www.lib.byu.edu/guercon.

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Chiles, Sandra. "The Relation between the Nutritional Status and the Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Younger than Five Years of Age in the Indigenous, Black, and Mestizo Ethnic Groups of the Rural Area in the Imbabura Province, 1998-1999." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1998. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5348.

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The problems of social-economics, culture, politics, and health, among those, are factors that influence both directly and indirectly the style of life of hundreds of thousands of people, due to the lack of economic resources, unemployment, poverty, their own culture can lead to a more serious state of health, consequently causing problems of their nutritional state, such as obesity in its varying degrees of malnutrition, in addition to the presence of preventable illnesses such as acute respiratory disease (IRA), that seriously affect the infant population. Factors, consequences, everything becomes one vicious circle that can be broken thereby preventing more deaths that could be averted with time. Faced with this situation, in general, alarming people, the need to conduct an investigation is imposed in the field, in social awareness of the turning point that rural areas are faced with, in my case the rural area of the province of Imbabura, taking rural communities belonging to the three predominant ethnicities in our province, which are Indigenous, Black, and Mixed-Race. A realistic study of these areas safely projected confidant results, since its base will be the taking of anthropometric measurements (weight-height) with children under the age of 5, surveys about the presence of IRA in mothers of these children, with the purpose of subsequently establishing a relation between the nutritional state, IIRA, ethnicity of the study population. I hope that this work and its results are constituted as an element and factor of change towards the welfare of these sectors, those in need and vulnerable, it is clear, in collaboration with government organization, health team, and over all the community participation, with the sole purpose of improving this situation and of achieving a better development of these sectors and of the country in general.

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Ayabaca, Alba Antonieta Yanez. "Os generos Hypotrachyna e Everniastrum (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota liquenizados) nas províncias de Carchi e Imbabura na região Andina do Equador." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/17926.

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Gómez, Chirán Olga Maria. "Nutritional Food and Health Education with Instructive Lessons in the Community School of La Rinconada, Cantón Ibarra, Province of Imbabura." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2001. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5369.

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The general objective of this work was to offer nutritional food and health education using instructive lessons that were prepared based on the diagnostic of knowledge among teachers and children in the School of La Rinconada. The study is descriptive-cross performed from October 2000 to June 2001. The universe of study is 100% of teachers and children attending schools in the communities of La Rinconada and Cuambo, totaling 104. The considered variables are diet, nutrition, and health-related topics. These variables contemplate the elementary education plan of study, besides providing training to students and teachers. Because the project was developed primarily for educational purposes, the lessons were customized for each community. Ten lectures were taught. These lectures are composed of the following parts: topic, addressee, message, objective, technique, materials, preliminary preparation, initial evaluation, class development, revision, reinforcement, final evaluation, and analysis. The pamphlets of the Healthy Schools (Escuelas Saludables), which became the main source of instruction, were used as the supporting educational material.

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Caicedo, Barrios Marisol. "Determinación de técnicas caseras de almacenamiento y conservación de alimentos en los hogares de Cuambo y La Rinconada, provincia Imbabura, 2001-2002." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,9056.

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Thesis (Lic.)--Universidad Técnica del Norte, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Nutrición y Salud Comunitaria, 2003.
Reproduced from copy at BYU's Benson Institute. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 86).

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Meneses, Irma. "Elaboration of Noodles, Enriched with Kidney Bean in the Communities of Cuambo and the Rinconada of the Canton Ibarra Province of Imbabura." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2002. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5400.

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Currently in Ecuador, the evil and deteriorated nourishment constitutes a serious problem influenced by the high to prevail of malnutrition that each day is aggravated. Therefore it is important to know the adequate utilization of the regional products and new technological alternatives that help to reduce this problem. The accomplished investigation pipe as objective to elaborate noodles craftsmen enriched with kidney bean load fine to contribute to improve the quality protein of the diet in the communities of Cuambo and the Corner; this study was effected after accomplishing a consumption and production diagnosis of foods by the Institute BENSON. The accomplished work understood two phases, one of field and other of investigation; within the first was accomplished the elaboration and noodles tasting through the incorporation to the paste mixture of kidney bean as source of protein and mineral and wheat flour as source of carbohydrates. For the effect was accomplished three classes of noodles with different percentages of matter outweighs (kidney bean beautiful load, wheat flour the baker, egg), salt 1% as taste and sufficient quantity of drinking water for the three types of mixture, accomplished in form artisan. The evaluation of the investigation was effected with the following analysis: organ of the enriched and cooked noodle, application of acceptability surveys to the participants, physical analysis - quimic. The better acceptance treatment by the participants of this investigation was the treatment three, corresponding to the combinations of kidney bean 30%, wheat flour 59%, hen egg 10% and table salt 1% and drinking water the necessary quantity.

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Victoria, Recalde Fanny Margoth. "Educación alimentaria nutricional y de salud, con lecciones educativas en la escuela de la comunidad de Cuambo del cantón Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2001. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,7914.

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Thesis (Lic.)--Universidad Técnica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, 2003.
Reproduced from copy at BYU's Benson Institute. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 101).

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Muriel, Ruth. "Eating, Nutrition and of Health Diagnostic of the Elementary Schools of the Communities of Guambo and the Rinconada, Province of Imbabura 2002-2001." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2001. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5406.

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The rural communities of the province of Imbabura present multiple problems of environmental, educational, and economic kind. Previous studies show that the rural communities of the Ecuadorian population present serious problems of health and nutrition, among those that excel are: poliparasitosis, respiratory infections and diarrheal, malnutrition, deficiency of micro nutrients, sanitary deficiency, scarce economic resources and low level of instruction. All these factors have caused a decrease in the productive capacity of the country and affected their level of development. In addition, delay exists in size in the students, which leads to a decrease in the capacity for physical work, alterations of mental development and frequent repetitions of the school grade. The malnutrition is a product of biological, social and environmental factors directly influence good health, intellectual development and academic performance. In the province of Imbabura, there is no up to date information relating to diet, nutrition and some aspects of the health of the students. Therefore it has been considered important to perform a food, nutritional and health diagnosis that contributes to the planning and development of actions that will improve the situation.

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Rosero, Carlos. "Relationship between intestinal parasitosis with the basic services, and the nutritional state of children under the age of five of black, native, and mestizo ethnicities in the rural area of the province of Imbabura 1998-1999." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2000. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5433.

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The parasitosis in the tropical countries like Ecuador, are found in the different population groups of all ages, sexes, social conditions, ethnic groups, especially in those without hygienic conditions, pertaining to different geographic zones and the prevalence varies in agreement with the ecology, the human factors and the social economic characteristics. The fecal contamination on land and water where an adequate disposition of excretes, the surrounding conditions, the deficient living conditions, the rural life, the absence of bathrooms, the custom to not use shoes and to have contact with the water. The deficiency of hygienic education, contamination of foods and human migration all favor intestinal parasites. The parasitic plague in Ecuador and especially in the province of Imbabura is not very well known, this is because of the little attention and economical means that are given to an investigation. This investigation clearly points out the different concepts, definitions, consequences, treatments and prophylaxis that the community should take into account. This investigative work was done in the rural area of the Imbabura province for the following ethnic groups: Indigenous, Black, and Mestizo, with children younger than five years old and it is directed to the health personnel, and students It is estimated that in the whole world more than 20 million people are infected by the "himenolepsis" parasite. The Intestinal parasite has a direct relation with the Nutritional state of any given country, as well as the basic services, like water, collection of trash, elimination of excretes, illiteracy, bad family hygiene habits, and a healthy environment. This is how 40 thousand children die of hunger in the world daily, the difference here is an American child eats 500 times more than third world child. The lack of interest by the governments both international and national in health Programs in rural zones, impedes a solution being found. 50% of investigations are dedicated to the advancements in military, which also influences the lack of water, 3 billion people in the world lack drinkable water. There are many forms of exposure to the parasite, including, ground (garbage or trash left on floor) or contaminated water, contaminated food, biting insects, domestic or wild animals which have the parasite, another person, and their clothes or bed sheets. The most common of these being contaminated water. There are many reasons these parasites are found in higher numbers in third world countries. The lack of healthiness in the rural population increases the intestinal parasite in children under five years old, the lack of knowledge by part of the mothers on the consequences of the intestinal parasites. Bad hygiene habits that the mothers have as well as the children under five years old in not washing their hands before eating and after using the restroom add to the rapid spread of the parasite. The nutritional state of the children greatly increases exposure, mostly concerning food preparation. The presence of intestinal parasites in the children under five years old does the same damage with no importance to age, race, or sex. The bad form in which excretes are eliminated in the town also contributes to parasite spreading. To fight against further parasite spreading it is advised that a program of investigation is applied with many disciplinary teams including: Doctors, Epidemists, Microbiologists, Anthropologist, Nutritionists, and nurses to study and help find solution for the well-being of the areas that most need it. To also help, it is advised that Nutritionists, Nurses, Doctors, and people who have direct knowledge of what is health, capacitate the leaders of the community and citizens on the basic hygiene norms, including preparation and manipulation of foods, consequences and ways to prevent parasites. This would help slow the rapid spread of parasites among youth as well as adults. Have meetings teaching proper use of bathrooms both private and public in rural areas, to avoid massive parasite contamination. It is important to teach families that they should treat the water before drinking it because water has a direct link with parasite spreading. Demand that government pay more attention to health issues in rural communities.

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Aroca, Fárez Adriana Elizabeth. "La violencia de género de los docentes de instituciones educativas públicas en zonas urbano y rural del cantón de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador en el año 2019." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16507.

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Compara las características de la violencia de género de los docentes de instituciones educativas públicas en zonas urbano y rural del Cantón de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura, ecuador en el año 2019, para lo cual se desarrolla en un entorno geográfico entre lo urbano y rural del cantón Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura en la República del Ecuador, dentro del sistema educativo general básico, en especial el nivel preparatorio. Es un estudio es comparativo de corte transversal, exploratorio, cuantitativo, donde la encuesta se convierte en el instrumento que favorece la recogida de datos, que muy gentilmente han sido compartidos por los docentes de instituciones educativas, que luego de un exhaustivo proceso de selección confluyen en 8 instituciones, 4 de zona rural y 4 de zona urbana. El marco teórico tiene como parte fundamental el desarrollo del proceso histórico de discriminación de la mujer que va desde la más atroz barbarie del sacrificio hasta la inefable mansedumbre de servicio hacia el hombre; Entre los resultados más importantes se tiene que existe un alto nivel de violencia de género de los docentes a los estudian antes no encontrándose diferencias significativas en la zona rural y la zona urbana, esto tanto para la variable como para sus dimensiones.

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Mazars, Nadège Gros Christian. "Mouvement indigène en Equateur." [S. l.] : [s. n.], 2005. http://www.iheal.univ-paris3.fr/IMG/pdf/DEA_v1_N_Mazars.pdf.

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Paguay, Ruiz R. Patricio. "Relation between Internal Parasites with Basic Services and the Nutritional Status of Children Five Years of Age in the Indigenous, Black and Mestizo Communities of the Rural Area, Imbabura Province." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2000. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5415.

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Various studies have been done to determine the prevalence of anemia in our country, but these studies don't reflect the true magnitude of this sickness, considered in Ecuador a problem of public health since these investigations correspond to urban sectors and margins and not to rural places where the care is very deficient and in certain cases useless, mainly because of the difficult access and the lack of economic resources of the government institutions. The current work was realized in coordination with the school of Nutrition and Dietetics and with the help of the Benson Agriculture and Food Institute was applied in rural communities of the Indigenous, "Mixed-Race" and African-American of Imbabura taking into account kids under the age of 5 as being a population group in constant risk of suffering specific deficiencies, such as Iron deficiency and its subsequent evolution towards Anemia. In this investigation we are going to find information about the prevalence of Anemia in the before mentioned groups of kids, their relationship with the deficiency of the consumption of Iron, influence of one of the most common sicknesses in these sectors as are Intestinal Parasitism. I am sure that the content will be of enormous interest to those that desire to know and better the critical situation of health and nutrition which unwinds this people, because of the provision of updated and truthful information will permit a better orientation of the different programs and projects that are implemented in these areas.

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Vaca, Tanya. "The Relation between the Nutritional Status and the Acute Diarrhetic Diseases in Children Younger than Five Years of Age in the Indigenous, Black, and Mestizo Ethnic Groups of the Rural Area in the Imbabura Province, 1998-1999." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1999. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5444.

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The study conducted in the rural area of the province of Imbabura included a total of 518 families that when compared with the estimated sample of 96%, 42.7 % corresponding to the indigenous ethnic group, 28.15% to Black and 25% to mixed-race ethnic groups, these differences of involvement between ethnic groups is due to the fact that the indigenous population is greater than the two remaining populations. Of the 518 families studied they were able to obtain a total of 794 children younger than 5, in which 48.5% pertaining to the male sex and 51.4% to the female sex. In linking the number of participating families and the number of children studied we were able to find that mothers have 1 to 2 children younger than the age of 5 in every family. In evaluating the nutritional state of the 794 studied children, 47.09% were found to have global malnutrition (P/E), 67.26% presented a chronic malnutrition that is to say a lower height for their age, whereas 13.97% presented an acute malnutrition, a percentage that doesnâ€™t attract attention due to what I have already noted previously with children presenting low height and weight for their age when using the indicated weight/height, the nutritional state of the children is appropriate. The nutritional state of children under the age of 5, by considering the indicators of weight/age and height/age, identified the indigenous ethnicity having major problems of malnutrition (54% and 80.97%) respectively, while the two remaining ethnic groups have presented similar percentages. The opposite occurs with the indicator of weight/height, which detected that the Black ethnic group presented a major nutritional deterioration (24%) unlike the other two ethnic groups, we believe that this difference is due to indigenous children presenting a diminished height, consequently when we use the indicator of weight/height, an adequate weight for height is presented. According to the magnitude of diarrheal processes we find that 28.34% of children presented EDA, the indigenous ethnicity being that with the highest percentage (12.84%) in relation to the other two ethnic groups. According to the severity of the diarrheal processes, light EDA presents the highest percentage with 62.67%, with the indigenous ethnicity being affected the most, moderate EDA presents a 34.22% similarly affecting the indigenous ethnicity and severe EDA presents a 3.11% with the mixed-race ethnicity being the most affected. Relating the nutritional state with acute diarrheal illnesses, considering the indicators of weight/age and height/age, we find that the indigenous population is mostly affected in nutritional state as well as in the presence of EDA. Malnourished children present a higher number of diarrheal processes. Considering the indicator of weight/height, diarrhea is more frequent in children with a normal nutritional state, with the Black ethnicity that which presents the greater percentage of EDA in normal and malnourished children. For this reason, it is urgent that national programs of health and alimentation are defined and implemented in order to combat the nutritional problem and ensure an adequate supply of food for the whole population, improving the conditions of health and environmental sanitation in order to reduce the high rates of malnutrition, diarrhea and acute respiratory infections.

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Caicedo, Ceron Margarita. "The Availability and the Use of Basic Services in Relation to the Nutritional Status, Acute Diarrhetic Diseases and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under five Years of Age in Three Rural Communities of the Imbabura Province during the 1998-1999 Period." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2000. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5339.

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To a large degree, the political and economic conditions of third world countries influence poverty levels, especially in rural areas. This poverty affects the availability of basic services, such as potable water, refuse elimination, housing, and sewage systems. As a consequence of these deficiencies, more diseases are transmitted through the water and environment. These diseases include acute diarrhea and acute respiratory infections in children younger than five years of age. Consequently, it is important to have available water and sewage elimination to control these diseases among children and the general population.

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Yacelga, Calderon Elva Susana. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning alimentary customs and beliefs of women with children younger than 5 years old, nursing and pregnant mothers, of the following ethnic groups: black, mixed race and natives in three rural regions of the Imbabura province, 1998-1999." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2000. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5453.

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Ecuador, a country of multi-ethnic culture, has very acute health problems, especially in rural areas where two out of every three poverty-stricken Ecuadorians live. 77% of the population under 18 years of age is under the poverty level. The greater part of the indigenous population inhabits the rural areas of the Andes and the Amazon. 76% of children in the rural Andes are poor. Little Afro-Ecuadorian boys and girls also face severe disadvantages where, in the rural areas, poverty climbs above 70% of the population under 18 years of age. Academic desertion is another factor that affects especially the young women, who have to assume agricultural and communitary jobs due to the adult men's migration to the cities. In areas of indigenous population, chronic malnutrition in those who are under five years of age ascends to 65.3% while the national average reaches 49.4%. Another at-risk group is expecting mothers. Of every 1,000 births, 70 will die before living one year, and for every 100,000 births, 198 mothers die. The Province of Imbabura is rich in alimentary production and has hot, cold, and temperate climates which in turn contribute to a diversity of cultivated products. Nevertheless, the polarization of wealth and the existence of classes with low income levels lessen the possibility of acquiring good nutrition. To this is added the individual nutritional customs and beliefs of each culture that do not allow adequate nourishment in communities which are principally indigenous, Mestizo, and Black. Indigenous, Mestizo, and Black communities have very small parcels of land (minifundios or "small farms") which they cultivate with few resources and tools. This destines the majority for living conditions of extreme poverty. The majority of Mestizos are unemployed or semi-employed, have limited health services, and lack a basic sanitary infrastructure. Another minority group is the Blacks, the majority of whom cultivate fruit and legumes, who also have limited health services and a barely acceptable sanitary infrastructure. In addition, all of these people are victims of racism and federal neglect, and claim the highest rates in general, infant, and maternal mortality in the country. This reality makes difficult the development of adequate training activities which bring about the improvement of the nutritional state of the designated at-risk groups: nursing babies, children under five years of age, and pregnant women. Facing this lacerative situation, and thanks to the support of the EZRA TAFT BENSON Institute (Agriculture and Food Institute. Brigham Young University), we designed this study to determine the understanding, attitudes, and practices in nutritional traditions and beliefs of mothers of nursing babies, children under five years old, and expecting mothers. These three groups were analyzed within the three ethnic groups in the communities of Chota, La Gangotena, and Chilcapamba-communities selected randomly and because of their ethnic populations. In the mothers of the three ethnic groups, we found similar beliefs regarding certain foods. But, there are also discrepancies regarding other recommended and prohibited foods. Diets have a lack of indispensable foods such as vitamins and minerals. Even though these goods are produced in the communities, they are not administered due to stronger ancestral traditions and beliefs. This study provides profound knowledge of their nutritional traditions and beliefs, and with the results, an appropriate intervening proposition may be formulated. The proposition will permit the bettering of alimentary and nutritional conditions in nursing babies, children under five years, and pregnant women by ethnic groups. The Universidad Ténica del Norte has complied in this manner with the social commitment assigned by the State for improving the quality of life of Ecuadorians in general and of the groups studied in particular.

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Erickson, Jake. "Nutritional and Economic Analysis of Small-Scale Agriculture in Imbaburra, Ecuador." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1468.

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Nutritional and Economic Analysis of Small-Scale Agriculture in Imbabura, Ecuador Intervention projects in the developing world normally aim to satisfy either the nutritional needs of a group, or advancing the economic stability, but not both. One of the many issues that may arise by narrowly focusing and creating an aid program is that although a group may be fed, they are not equipped to mitigate risks that will arise after project completion and thus continue or revert back to a malnourished state. A bridge is required to join the economic and nutritional programs to create aid interventions that are sustainable past the point of donor separation. This paper proposes the creation of a linear program model to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of such intervention programs. Investigating the effects of merging economic and nutrition interventions as pursued in this report required the first step to be the creation of economic information for a typical small-scale farm. The region of Cochas, Imbabura, Ecuador was selected as the study area in which data would be collected for a representative sample of production and living circumstances of a poor, rural, and small-scale farmer. A comprehensive set of estimated cost and return (enterprise) budgets for small-scale agricultural crops that could be grown by the representative farm family used in this analysis was developed. This was accomplished via data collected in rural Ecuador by Jake Erickson, a Master's student in the department of Applied Economics at Utah State University. Of the supervisory committee, daily interaction occurred with Dr. DeeVon Bailey, project supervisor, and Dr. Ruby Ward, linear program specialist, whom were crucial in project completion. Various scenarios of the linear program were run with variations to the selection of nutritional requirements, off-farm income, and allowing food purchases off the family farm. Each of these scenarios was pursued as they mimic circumstances in which families may struggle to exist within the developing world. The results of each run are compared across the set of results to help understand what assumptions need to exist to validate an intervention's approach to improving the standard of living or nutrition of the world's poor, rural, small-scale farmers. This model is a preliminary attempt at assessing the sustainability of merging common intervention approaches and it should be recognized that further development is needed to create a more encompassing model. Utilizing enterprise budgets, a linear programming model, and nutritional information, such as is done in this study, can help in planning rural development interventions as the income maximization and least-cost diet models are integrated into one within the resource and management constraints of the representative small-scale farm.

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Bullard, Stevan. "Informal Development in Cairo, the View from Above: A Case Study Using Aerial Photo Interpretation to Examine Informal Housing in the Imbaba District of Cairo." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04262006-150413/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Dona J. Stewart, committee chair; Elaine J. Hallisey, Jeremy Crampton, committee members. Electronic text (135 p. : maps (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 18, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-134).

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Edestav, Andreas, and Johanna Linder. "Information Sharing in Independent Dyadic Business Relstionships : A Case Study of Four Focal Companies in the Clothes Manufacturing Industry of Imbaba and Warrak, Great Cairo, Egypt." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Industrial Engineering and Management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9106.

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Purpose - The purpose of the thesis is to record the content of the information shared by buyer to supplier in independent dyadic business relationships in the clothes manufacturing industry of Imbaba and Warrak, Great Cairo, Egypt. The objective is as well to describe how this sharing is managed in terms of communication frequency, order cycle time and information technology used.

Methodology – A case study was performed on four companies in the clothes manufacturing industry of Imbaba and Warrak, Egypt. The empirical data was collected through six semi-structured interviews. The results were thereafter analyzed through a summarized framework.

Findings - The content of shared information is mainly of traditional character, nevertheless do 50 % of the relationships as well include elements of additional soft information. When the information sharing is performed through regular communication do the frequency vary with an average of 0.43, once every 2.3 days. The order cycle times vary from delivery the same day as order placement to three days after order placement, with an average of 0.5 days. The information is shared through two different information technologies: face-to-face and telephone.

Research implications – Imbaba and Warrak are considered one of the poorest districts in the Great Cairo region. The region has although seen great development the last 12-15 years and is today a main district for the industry of clothes manufacturing in Cairo. The role of information sharing yet appears to be poorly examined.

Originality/value - Making the situation evident to the case companies will impact on their possibilities to make further improvements within the area of information sharing.

Key words Information sharing, dependence, independence, dyad, content, frequency, order cycle time, information technologies.

Paper type Bachelor Thesis

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Stewart, Jesse. "A brief descriptive grammar of Pijal Media Lengua and an acoustic vowel space analysis of Pijal Media Lengua and Imbabura Quichua." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4882.

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This thesis presents an acoustic vowel space analysis of F1 and F2 frequencies from 10 speakers of Pijal Media Lengua (PML) and 10 speakers of Imbabura Quichua (IQ). This thesis also provides a brief grammatical discription of PML with insights into contrasts and similarities between Spanish, Quichua and other documented varieties of Media Lengua (ML). ML is typically described as a mixed language with a Quichua morphosyntactic structure where almost all content words are replaced by their Spanish-derived counterparts through the process of relexification. I use mixed effects models to test for statistical significance between PML Spanish-derived vowels and Quichua-derived vowels. The results provide suggestive data for (1) co-existing vowel systems in moderate contact situations and (2) moderate evidence for co-exsiting vowel systems in extreme contact situations. Results also show that PML may be manipulating as many as eight vowels and IQ as many as six.

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Llulluna, Segundo Wilson Ulco. "Evaluación de la Planta de Tratamento Nº 3 de Agua Residual “Huaycopungo Sur” de la Parroquia San Rafael de la Laguna, Cantón Otavalo, Provincia de Imbabura - Ecuador." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/3660.

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