Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'IMCR'

Ces travaux proposent d'explorer lachimie de l'azote, de la synthèse de moléculespauvres en azote à visée biologique à lasynthèse de molécules très riches en azote papplication en propulsion.La première partie porte sur la synthèse demolécules contenant peu d'azote. Le but est decompléter les bibliothèques de réactionsdisponibles pour la synthèse de moléculesnaturelle ou à forte activité biologique. Pour cefaire, les réactions multicomposants mettant enjeu des isonitriles sont des outils de choix : ellespermettent d'obtenir des structures complexesen très peu d'étapes. Nous avons testé diversnucléophiles dans une séquence réactionnellePasserini / Tsuji-Trost suivie de différentespost-condensations. Nous avons ainsi pu obtenirdes molécules aussi variées que des lactames,des diènes, des cyclopentanes, descyclopentènes ou encore des pyrroles.La seconde partie se concentre sur de nouvellesmolécules énergétiques très riches en azoNous nous sommes intéressés au pentazoles,avenir des HEDM. La modélisation desmolécules cibles nous a permis de sélectionnerales plus prometteuses et de tester leur faisabilitéen synthèse
This work proposes to explore thechemistry of nitrogen, from the synthesis oflow-in-nitrogen molecules with potentialbiological activity to the synthesis of veryhigh-in-nitrogen molecules for application inpropulsion.The first part deals with the synthesis ofmolecules containing little nitrogen. The aim isto supplement the library of reactions availablefor the synthesis of natural molecules ormolecules with biological activity. To achievethis, multicomponent reactions involvingisonitriles are tools of choice: they enablesynthesis of complex structures in very fewsteps. We tested various nucleophiles in aPasserini / Tsuji-Trost reaction sequencefollowed by different post-condensations. Wehave thus been able to obtain molecules asvaried as lactams, dienes, cyclopentanes,cyclopentenes or even pyrroles.The second part focuses on new energymolecules rich in nitrogen. We were interestedin pentazoles, the future of HEDM. Themodeling of the target molecules allowed us toselect the most promising ones, to then testtheir feasibility in synthesis

Ces travaux proposent d'explorer lachimie de l'azote, de la synthèse de moléculespauvres en azote à visée biologique à lasynthèse de molécules très riches en azote papplication en propulsion.La première partie porte sur la synthèse demolécules contenant peu d'azote. Le but est decompléter les bibliothèques de réactionsdisponibles pour la synthèse de moléculesnaturelle ou à forte activité biologique. Pour cefaire, les réactions multicomposants mettant enjeu des isonitriles sont des outils de choix : ellespermettent d'obtenir des structures complexesen très peu d'étapes. Nous avons testé diversnucléophiles dans une séquence réactionnellePasserini / Tsuji-Trost suivie de différentespost-condensations. Nous avons ainsi pu obtenirdes molécules aussi variées que des lactames,des diènes, des cyclopentanes, descyclopentènes ou encore des pyrroles.La seconde partie se concentre sur de nouvellesmolécules énergétiques très riches en azoNous nous sommes intéressés au pentazoles,avenir des HEDM. La modélisation desmolécules cibles nous a permis de sélectionnerales plus prometteuses et de tester leur faisabilitéen synthèse
This work proposes to explore thechemistry of nitrogen, from the synthesis oflow-in-nitrogen molecules with potentialbiological activity to the synthesis of veryhigh-in-nitrogen molecules for application inpropulsion.The first part deals with the synthesis ofmolecules containing little nitrogen. The aim isto supplement the library of reactions availablefor the synthesis of natural molecules ormolecules with biological activity. To achievethis, multicomponent reactions involvingisonitriles are tools of choice: they enablesynthesis of complex structures in very fewsteps. We tested various nucleophiles in aPasserini / Tsuji-Trost reaction sequencefollowed by different post-condensations. Wehave thus been able to obtain molecules asvaried as lactams, dienes, cyclopentanes,cyclopentenes or even pyrroles.The second part focuses on new energymolecules rich in nitrogen. We were interestedin pentazoles, the future of HEDM. Themodeling of the target molecules allowed us toselect the most promising ones, to then testtheir feasibility in synthesis

Ces travaux mettent en valeur les réactions multicomposants a base d'isonitriles dans différentes applications autour des réactions d'Ugi-Smiles et de Nef pour la synthèse de systèmes hétérocycliques complexes. Nous avons démontré la possibilité d'utiliser des 4-hydroxypyridine et pyrimidines dans des couplages Ugi-Smiles. Ces réactions ont été appliquées à la préparation d'analogues d'antipaludéens. Diverses applications radicalaires ont été explorées sur des adduits de Ugi et Ugi-Smiles ( chimie des xanthates, couplages oxydatifs d'indoles). Nous avons par ailleurs exploré la chimie des dihalogénoisonitriles dans différentes synthèses hétérocycliques.

Cílem práce bylo vytvořit základní koncept integrovaného výměníku tepla pro solí chlazený reaktor vyvíjený společností Terrestrial Energy s využitím programu Promex. První kapitola se zabývá historií a současnou situací v oblasti výzkumu malých modulárních reaktorů chlazených fluoridovými solemi. Ve druhé kapitole jsou popsány vlastnosti fluoridových solí a konstrukčních materiálů. Poslední kapitola se zabývá simulací tepelného výměníku pomocí programu Promex, validací modelu, transformací protiproudého výměníku na výměník s U trubkami a vizualizací výměníku s použitím CAD Invetoru.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to represent the first empirical attempt to explore global-local consumer identities as drivers of global digital brand usage. Specifically, this study considers a unique category of digital products, social networking sites (SNS), and develops a set of hypotheses to assess the mechanism through which location-based identities influence the actual usage of global SNS (Facebook and Instagram). Moreover, cross-country variations are investigated under the lens of developed vs developing countries. Design/methodology/Approach: Cross-country surveys in a developed (Austria) and a developing country (Thailand) were conducted. Data collected from 425 young adults were analyzed using SEM techniques in order to test a set of hypotheses. Findings: Results show that in Thailand, users with a global identity enjoy participating in global SNS more than their counterparts in Austria. In addition, consumers with a local identity in Thailand demonstrate less pleasure when participating in global SNS than their counterparts in Austria, and consequently are less inclined to use global SNS. Practical implications: Findings provide digital marketers with useful insights into important strategic decisions regarding the selection and potential adaptation of global digital brands according to the country context. Originality/value: This research is the first to extend the location-based identity research in the context of global digital brands, explain how global-local identities predict SNS usage through an engagement mechanism and investigate cross-country variations of this mechanism.

This thesis develops comprehensive mathematical models for an advanced drying technology Intermittent Microwave Convective Drying (IMCD). The models provide an improved physical understanding of the heat and mass transport during the drying process, which will help to improve the quality of dried food and energy efficiency of the process, as well as will increase the ability of automation and optimization. The final model in this thesis represents the most comprehensive fundamental multiphase model for IMCD that considers 3D electromagnetics coupled with multiphase porous media transport processes. The 3D electromagnetics considers Maxwell's equation and multiphase transport model considers three different phases: solid matrix, liquid water and gas consisting water vapour and air. The multiphase transport includes pressure-driven flow, capillary diffusion, binary diffusion, and evaporation. The models developed in this thesis were validated with extensive experimental investigations.

Devices for measuring the dynamic load and vibration of certain parts of the bodywork or parts of other parts of the vehicle are made using accelerometers and measuring instruments IMC. It must be simply installed into the interior of the vehicle so that it is not necessary to remove any parts of the interior and to avoid damage to all parts of the interior. The preparation must also withstand the considerable dynamic load generated by the harder operation tests.

Published Article
The aim of the study on which this article is based was to reflect on the learning experiences of students during integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) training in an undergraduate programme. IMCI is a set of guidelines that was established by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for cost-effective quality care for children younger than five to prevent diseases and death (WHO, 2004). Skilled primary healthcare workers are required to provide quality care at first contact with these children. The IMCI package was presented as an integral part of the second-year module that focuses on primary healthcare. In order to improve the quality of health services and refocus the health system on primary health-care (South Africa Department of Health, 2010), students have to demonstrate that they have achieved competence. According to Killen (2000:188), competence is a holistic term and focuses on knowledge, skills and values instead of competencies, which refer to specific capabilities. Primary health-care workers who act competently will integrate foundational IMCI knowledge with skills and values as well as with the ability to verify their decisions (Killen, 2000:188). Aqualitative, exploratory and descriptive research design was used to investigate the IMCI learning experiences. Such experiences are one of the indications whether training has been successful and how it can be improved (Suski, 2004:222). Data was collected by means of nominal-group technique (NGT) interviews with second-year nursing students of the training school who complied with the criteria for inclusion. NGT interviews were used effectively to evaluate clinical interaction, education and training.The findings reflected the different emotions experienced during teaching and learning as having been positive, negative or neutral. The consideration of negative emotions will assist with the improvement of IMCI teaching and learning, but all these findings can be useful for other higher-education institutions that present or plan to present IMCI training.

A travers une population d'enfants infirmes moteurs cérébraux (IMC), les facteurs permettant l'émergence et le développement du subitizing sont étudiés. L'étude 1 évalue la capacité de subitizing des enfants IMC et teste le lien entre cette capacité et les capacités motrices qui participent à l'apprentissage du dénombrement. L'étude 2 compare les capacités de subitizing, de reconnaissance de configurations et visuo-spatiales. Enfin, l'étude 3 teste l'effet de l'inversion de contraste sur la capacité de subitizing. La majorité des enfants IMC ont une limite de subitizing inférieure aux enfants tout-venant, quel que soit le contraste. Mais, cette limite augmente avec l'âge dans les deux groupes. Le développement du subitizing semble retardé chez les enfants IMC par des troubles visuo-spatiaux. Nos résultats appuient les modèles postulant que le subitizing repose sur la reconnaissance de configurations et suggèrent que les routines visuo-spatiales sont nécessaires à leur mémorisation
The factors likely to influence the emergence and the development of subitizing were analyzed, by testing a group of cerebral palsied (CP) children. The first study evaluates the CP children's subitizing limit, and its link with motor ability implied in the counting process. The second study compares subitizing, pattern recognition, and visuo-spatial abilities. Finally, a third study examines the effect of reversing the figure/background on subitizing limit. Most CP children have a lower subitizing limit than control children of the same age. However, subitizing limit improves with age in both groups, whatever the reversing of figure/background. CP children's subitizing limit appears to be delayed by visuo-spatial deficiency. It is likely that this deficiency does not allow a normal recognizing and memorizing of visual patterns. These results are congruent with the pattern recognition models of subitizing, and suggest that visuo-spatial routines are necessary to memorize these patterns

Les travaux effectués au cours de cette thèse, sont concentrés sur deux thèmes: le premier est la dissociation de petits hydrocarbures d'intérêt astrophysique (éthylène, C2H4, allène et propyne C3H4) par le rayonnement synchrotron dans le domaine VUV (7-23 eV). La dissociation étudiée par analyse des spectres de fluorescence des photofragments, nous a permis de sonder les différentes voies de dissociations à partir des états excités uniquement. Toutes ces voies observées à partir des états excités de l'éthylène sont observées sans aucune barrière. Une compétition forte entre la dissociation vers des radicaux neutres et l'ionisation vers différents états excités ionique est mise en évidence. L'observation de la voie de dissociation CH(A)+CH3 donne une indication sur la formation de l'isomère éthylidène CH3CH dans la dissociation de l’éthylène. On a conclu aussi que l'isomérisation entre l’allène et le propyne est toujours présente sur toute la région d'excitation (7-23 eV) et prend une importance grandissante quand l'énergie d'excitation augmente, jusqu'à devenir le processus majeur à partir de 19 eV. Le second thème porte sur la spectroscopie REMPI à (3+2) et (3+1) photons de la molécule d'éthylène dans la domaine UV-visible. Une analyse de ces spectres a été faite. On a aussi enregistré des spectres REMPI-PES à (3+1), (3+2) photons pour les états 3s, 3s+24, 3s+2, 3d, 3d+24, 3d+2. Ces spectres montrent le caractère Rydberg de ces états mais ce caractère n'est pas pur. Des processus non adiabatiques interviendraient dans la région des états 3s, 3s+24 , 3s+2, ces processus sont moins probables pour les transitions vers l'état 3d
The work carried out during this thesis, is concentrated on two subjects: the first one is the dissociation of small hydrocarbons of astrophysical interest (ethylene, C2H4, allene and propyne C3H4) by synchrotron radiation in the VUV (7-23 eV) domain. The dissociation studied by analysis of the fluorescence spectra of photofragments, allowed us to probe the various dissociations pathways from the excited states. All these pathways observed from the excited states of ethylene are happened without any barrier. Strong competition between the dissociation to neutral radicals and the ionization to various excited ionic states is proved. The observation of the dissociation pathway CH(A) +CH3 gives an indication onto the formation of the ethylidene isomer CH3CH in the ethylene dissociation. We also concluded that the isomerisation between both isomers, allene and propyne, is always present over all the excitation energy (7-23 eV) and grows in importance when the excitation energy increases, until it becomes the major process from 19 eV. The second subject concerns the REMPI spectroscopy 3+2 and 3+1 photons of ethylene in the UV-visible region. A vibrational analysis of these spectra was made. We also recorded some REMPI-PES spectra 3+1, 3+2 photons for 3s, 3s+24, 3s+2, 3d, 3d+24, 3d+2 states. These spectra show Rydberg character of these states but this character is not pure. Nonadiabatic processes could happen in 3s, 3s+24, 3s+2 states region, these processes are less likely for the transitions towards the 3dstate

La parasitosis intestinal es de importancia para la salud pública por su alta prevalencia, su distribución prácticamente mundial y sus efectos. La prevalencia mundial es de 270 millones de niños en edad prescolar y más de 600 millones en edad escolar que viven en zonas con intensa transmisión de parasitos. En México, la frecuencia de la enfermedad se encuentra entre las primeras 20 patologías en preescolares y escolares. Estas afecciones por parásitos intestinales afectan el desarrollo físico y mental de los niños, aunado a las condiciones precarias de vivienda e higiene, se estima que el 18.9% de la población escolar se encuentra infectada por parásitos, muchos no son diagnosticados, reportados, ni estudiados, variando la estadística de forma considerable en diferentes zonas del país. Por otro lado, las estadísticas nacionales de nutrición muestran, en el 2017 entre la edad de 5 a 9 años, una tasa por cada 100,000 habitantes de: 115.27 para desnutrición leve, 15.18 para moderada y 4.67 grave, 198.94 en obesidad, (no distingue grados). Por la edad, la secretaria de salud utiliza Índice masa corporal como principal método de evaluación y diagnóstico, motivo por el cual se utilizará en este trabajo. Esto no proporciona una evaluación completa, pero si rápida para iniciar con un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. (6; 28) Los estudios publicados que mencionan la relación entre parasitosis y desnutrición suelen ser significativa a nivel micronutriente, pero antropométricamente no se ha fijado una postura ya que la variabilidad de los factores de la población estudiada es mucha, aun así, los realizados en zona rural, en su mayoría, encuentran una relación. (7) A su vez, los niños escolares pasan la mayor parte de su tiempo en labores escolares y, en México, las estadísticas mundiales de rendimiento académico son muy bajas, los factores que contribuyen a esto son múltiples, pero nos enfocaremos al estado de nutrición y el padecimiento de parásitos intestinales para comprobar si, por su prevalencia alta, puedan ser significativos. Solo existe un estudio donde no se encontró relación, en México, los estudios no relacionan las 3 variables, pero si existe la relación de desnutrición y bajo rendimiento escolar. (29; 30) Este estudio se efectuó para dar a conocer como la incidencia de parasitosis en niños escolares está relacionada con la desnutrición que, a su vez, puede disminuir el rendimiento académico, afectando al niño respecto a su edad. Esto pretende ser útil al sistema de salud, fortalecer la prevención, mejorar las medidas higienico-dieteticas y mejorar la capacidad de aprendizaje en escolares, lo que aumentaría el nivel académico.

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka de problem som kan tänkas vara hinder till implementeringen av mångfaldstänkande på länsstyrelsen i Skåne län. Efter inledningen diskuteras mångfaldsbegreppets innebörd och framväxt. Därefter lyfts organisatoriska förutsättningar för förändring fram. En mångfaldsmodell presenteras och ställs i relation till delar av resultatet. Tillvägagångssättet var att det intervjuades sju anställda inom delvis olika verksamhetsområden på länsstyrelsen. Intervjufrågorna handlade i stort om inställningen och kunskapen kring det nuvarande mångfaldsarbetet. Intervjuresultaten sammanförs och utifrån det lyfts några möjligheter till ett förbättrat mångfaldsarbete fram och presenteras. Undersökningens resultat blev således att länsstyrelsen i Skåne län saknar en etablerad och erkänd framtidsvision om hur organisationen vill se sig själv i framtiden angående mångfald. En annan viktig slutsats är att mångfaldsarbetet på länsstyrelsen i alltför stor utsträckning är beroende av eldsjälar. Till sist kan det konstateras att intresset för mångfaldsfrågor finnas hos personalen men frågorna är idag lågt prioriterade vilket kan bero på att länsstyrelsen får allt fler generella uppdrag att beakta i sin dagliga verksamhet.
This paper aims to investigate the problems that can be obstacles to the implement of diversity thinking in the county administrative board of Skåne (länsstyrelsen in Skåne län). The introduction is led by a discussion of the concept of diversity and its development, which is followed by identifications of some organizational precondition for change. Furthermore, a diversity model is shown in relation to some parts of the result. The research was conducted by interviewing seven employees in different spheres in the county administrative board. The interview questions where mainly about the attitudes and the knowledge about the present work for diversity. The results of the interviews are brought together and from there some possibilities to improve the work is introduced. The outcome of the research is consequently that the county administrative board of Skåne is missing an established and recognized vision of tomorrow about how the organisation wants to see itself in the future regarding diversity. An other important conclusion is that the work of diversity is far to much depending on real enthusiasts. It can finally be established that the interest of diversity questions exists amongst the employees however the questions have at present low priority due to the growing number of general obligations that the county of administrative have to do in its daily activities.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The index of corporal mass (ICM) is broadlly used to measure the corporal mass of adults. A high fat index is related to heart and circulation problems, infertility, diabetes, arthritis, difficulty to move around or breathe and problems with cicatrization. Even though there are several studies about these problems, there is no specific method to evaluate weight excess in dogs objectively and precisely. The purpose of this research was to determine an index of corporal mass for dogs based on the existing IMC for human beings. Two hundred and forty six animals of no specific breed and different body conditions were analysed. They were not only measured and weighed, but also evaluated by two distinct veterinarians based on real subjective patterns, which can determine the corporal score. These procedures enabled the acknowledgement of the attained index. The conclusion was that IMCC between 11,8 and 15 kg/m² represent the ideal pattern for dogs of average size that weigh between 10 and 25 kilos.
O índice de massa corporal (IMC) é largamente utilizado por médicos para quantificar a massa corporal de pessoas adultas. Índice elevado de gordura está relacionado com problemas cardiovasculares, infertilidade, diabetes, artrite, dificuldade em se locomover ou respirar e prejuízos na cicatrização de feridas. Apesar de todo o estudo que se tem a respeito desses problemas, não há um método preciso e objetivo para se quantificar o excesso de peso em cães. A proposta deste trabalho foi determinar um índice de massa corporal canino (IMCC), a partir do IMC existente para humanos. Foram medidos e pesados 246 animais, sem raça definida e com diferentes condições corporais. Para dar validade ao índice de massa corporal obtido, os animais também foram avaliados por dois veterinários segundo os padrões subjetivos, já existentes. Verificou-se que valores do IMCC entre 11,8 e 15 kg/m² refletem o peso ideal para cães de porte médio, cujo tipo físico possui média de peso entre 10 e 25 kg.

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Objetivo: Comparar o estado antropométrico dos idosos negros a partir do IMC obtido pela altura estimada e a altura convencional. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em amostra populacional de negros dos distritos sanitários (DS) Barra- Rio vermelho e Liberdade, na cidade de Salvador-Ba, sendo a população final do estudo constituída por 383 indivíduos com idade ≥ 60 anos. As variáveis do estudo foram: medidas antropométricas ― peso, altura e altura do joelho, índice de massa corpórea, cor autorreferida, escolaridade, nível socioeconômico. Utilizou-se o teste t-student pareado para analisar as diferenças de médias das medidas antropométricas e o teste de qui-quadrado para analisar as diferenças de proporções dos estratos do diagnóstico nutricional à partir do IMC convencional e do IMC estimado. Para a classificação da concordância de IMC´s foram calculados os valores de Kappa. Resultados: Dos idosos estudados 60,8% estavam na faixa etária 60-69 anos, predominando o sexo feminino (69,2%). A análise de concordância do IMCE apresenta para magreza em homens e mulheres 72,0% e 83,4%, respectivamente. Os valores observados de Kappa elevados para magreza e sobrepeso em ambos os sexos indicam que o IMC cuja altura foi estimada pelo Knee-height tem boa concordância com aquele obtido a partir de medidas convencionais de peso e altura. Tanto para a altura convencional, quanto para a altura estimada houve uma redução da altura média com o aumento da idade. Conclusão: Diante dos resultados encontrados, sugere-se, então, que na prática nutricional da assistência ao idoso, seja considerada a medida do joelho na estimativa da altura para efeito de cálculo do IMC e considerando que esta técnica é de baixo custo e de fácil aplicação pode ser utilizada em ambiente ambulatorial, domiciliar ou hospitalar.
Objective: To compare the anthropometric status of elderly blacks from BMI obtained by the estimated height and conventional height. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study in a population sample of black health districts (DS) Barra-Rio Vermelho and Liberdade in the city of Salvador-BA, and the final study population consisted of 383 individuals aged ≥ 60 years. The study variables were: anthropometric measurements - weight, height and knee height, body mass index, self-reported color, education, socioeconomic level. We used the paired Student t test to analyze differences in mean values of anthropometric measures and chi-square test to analyze differences in proportions of the strata of nutritional diagnosis from the conventional BMI and BMI estimated. For classification concordance of BMI's were calculated Kappa values. Results: Of the elderly studied 60.8% were aged 60-69 years, predominantly female (69.2%). Concordance analysis of IMCE presents for men and women were 72.0% and 83.4%, respectively. It was observed that the high Kappa values for thinness and overweight in both sexes indicate that BMI whose height was estimated by Knee-height is in good agreement with that obtained from conventional measurements of height and weight. Both for the conventional height, the estimated height to the height was reduced with increasing average age. Conclusion: Considering the results, it is suggested, then, that in practice the nutritional care of the elderly, is considered as the estimation of knee height to calculate BMI and considering that this technique is inexpensive and easy application can be used in an outpatient setting, home or hospital.

O aumento da prevalência de hipertensos, esta relacionado à expectativa de vida no contexto moderno e ao estilo de vida adotado por cada indivíduo. A falta de atividade física e de uma reeducação alimentar, contribuem para esse quadro. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o índice de massa corporal e relação cintura quadril de hipertensos na estratégia da saúde da família de Governador Valadares, para determinar a prevalência de obesos no grupo de hipertensos e a prevalência de hipertensos com RCQ e IMC alterado no grupo. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada através de coleta de IMC, RCQ, peso e estatura de 151 indivíduos (21,9% homens e 78,1% mulheres) e depois calculadas através do programa Physical Test 6.3. As variáveis pesquisadas foram: peso e altura de cada indivíduo para a avaliação do índice de massa corporal e a perimetria da cintura e do quadril para calcular a relação cintura quadril. Resultados: Para análise estatística foi utilizado o software SPSS versão 11.0. As variáveis quantitativas foram descritas através de média, desvio padrão, mínimo, máximo, moda e percentis. Com relação à RCQ: 52 mulheres apresentaram muito alto, 38 alto, 24 moderado e 4 baixo. Já os homens apresentaram: 2 muito alto, 8 alto, 11 moderado e 12 baixo. Com relação ao IMC: 52 mulheres apresentaram obesidade, 43 sobrepeso, 20 peso normal e 3 abaixo do peso. Já os homens apresentaram: 12 obesidade, 9 sobrepeso e 12 peso normal. Conclusões: Dos 151 indivíduos avaliados 118 eram mulheres e 52 apresentaram obesidade e RCQ muito alto em contra partida os homens que participaram do estudo eram 33 tendo apresentado 2 RCQ muito alto, 12 obesidade e mesmo assim os números apontam que os homens morrem mais cedo. Neste estudo foi utilizado ferramentas de baixo custo e fácil aplicabilidade às quais já existiam nos postos de saúde para que esse trabalho continue sendo desenvolvido por profissionais desses locais, visto que através de ações como estas podem retratar bem o perfil da população criando subsídios para que os profissionais da área de saúde possam atender melhor esses pacientes.

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O uso dos antirretrovirais combinados para o tratamento de pacientes com HIV/aids inaugurou a chamada era HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy), que proporcionou a diminuição na ocorrência de doenças oportunistas, a redução da taxa de mortalidade e o aumento significativo da expectativa de vida, além de importantes alterações no perfil nutricional desses pacientes. Em um primeiro artigo, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura publicada sobre o perfil do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) em pacientes com HIV/aids com o objetivo de identificar o registro de sua mudança ao longo do tempo. Evidenciou-se que a perda de peso e a desnutrição, frequentes antes do uso disseminado da HAART, apresentaram diminuição de sua prevalência após o seu uso, muito embora, em condições de baixa situação econômica, a desnutrição ainda aparece em proporções consideráveis. O uso da HAART, no entanto, provocou efeitos adversos indesejáveis, que ocasionaram o surgimento de novas características, como a lipodistrofia, dislipidemia, resistência à insulina, osteopenia, alterações glicêmicas e cardíacas e obesidade, as quais têm desafiado os profissionais de saúde envolvidos no atendimento a essa população. O segundo artigo, original, objetivou estimar a prevalência de magreza e sobrepeso/obesidade, através da aferição do IMC e fatores associados ao seu desenvolvimento em indivíduos com HIV/aids. Realizou-se, para isso, um estudo de corte seccional com caso-controle aninhado a partir de dados de 2.018 pacientes atendidos em dois hospitais de referência para doenças infecciosas em Recife-PE, no período de junho de 2007 a outubro de 2009. Todos os pacientes do estudo foram classificados como magros (IMC < 18,5 Kg/m²), sobrepesados/obesos (IMC ≥25 Kg/m²) e eutróficos (IMC ≥ 18,5 24,9 Kg/m²). Realizou-se análise multinomial univariada e multivariada, considerando-se os desfechos magreza e sobrepeso/obesidade, tendo como referência os eutróficos. A prevalência de magreza foi 8,8%, e a de sobrepeso/obesidade, 32,1%. A análise multinomial multivariada revelou associação estatisticamente significante entre magreza e anemia (OR=1,78; IC (95%): 1,17 2,74; p= 0,008) e contagem de células T CD4 < 200mm³ ( OR=2,13; IC(95%): 1,41-3,24; p= 0,000). Os fatores associados ao aumento do risco de sobrepeso/obesidade foram idade ≥ 40 anos (OR=1,30; IC (95%): 1,03-1,63; p= 0,025) e a presença de diabetes (OR=2,41; IC(95%): 1,41-4,14; p=0,001). As variáveis associadas à diminuição do risco de sobrepeso/obesidade foram: ter companheiro fixo (OR= 0,82; IC (95%): 0,73-0,92; p= 0,001), tabagismo (OR=0,58; IC(95%): 0,44-0,75; p=0,000), apresentar doença oportunista (OR= 0,67; IC(95%):0,53-0,84; p=0,001), anemia (OR=0,59; IC(95%): 0,46-0,76; p=0,000) e níveis de albumina < 3,5mg/dL (OR=0,27; IC(95%): 0,12-0,61; p=0,002). Constatou-se que, na população estudada, o principal desvio nutricional observado, avaliado pelo IMC foi, o sobrepeso/obesidade, superando a magreza. Os indivíduos mais velhos e que apresentam diabetes devem ser alvos prioritários de uma intervenção para mudanças nutricionais e de estilo de vida

Thesis advisor: Marc-Jan Gubbels
The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii divides rapidly and asexually through a unique process of internal daughter budding. The physical infrastructure for this process is the cytoskeleton, which is composed of subpellicular microtubules, flattened vesicles (alveoli), and a meshwork of intermediate filament-like proteins. This meshwork is composed of a family of 14 inner membrane complex (IMC) proteins that were identified based on the presence of a repeat sequence shared across the Alveolata, the alveolin-repeat. All 14 proteins were cloned as YFP fusions to study their subcellular localization and antibodies were generated against several representative IMC proteins. Each IMC displays unique spatio-temporal dynamics throughout development, but four physically distinct localizations were identified: eight IMCs localize to the alveoli, four IMCs localize to a structure known as the basal complex, IMC11 localizes to the apical cap in mature parasites, and IMC15 localizes primarily to the centrosomes and early buds. IMC15 is of particular interest because its appearance before membrane occupation and recognition nexus 1 (MORN1) in the early bud suggests that it is the first cytoskeletal component to associate with the buds. A conditional knockdown of this protein using the destabilization domain (DD) reveals IMC15 has a strong affinity for the centrosomes that overcomes targeting of the DD fusion protein to the proteasome and the presence of IMC15 in the early bud may not be necessary for the division process. Conditional knockdowns using a tetracycline repressible promoter reveal that a minimal amount of IMC15 is sufficient for parasite survival. In order to further characterize IMC15, dominant negative constructs based on mutating putative palmitoylation sites or overexpression of deletion constructs are being pursued. Collectively, the IMC family is being incorporated into the temporal and spatial dynamics of cytoskeletal development through the creation of a comprehensive timeline of daughter bud assembly. These findings are contributing unprecedented detail to the cell division process
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology

Introdução: A disfunção tiroideia influencia a massa corporal1, estando o hipertiroidismo associado a perda de peso e o hipotiroidismo a ganho. No entanto, no que diz respeito à associação de variações de peso a diferentes graus de função tiroideia dentro do considerado normal, pouco se sabe e a controvérsia é grande. Será que pequenas flutuações da função tiroideia, dentro do normal, poderão contribuir para alterações do peso? Objectivos: a) Averiguar a relação entre o IMC e os níveis da TSH, dentro do normal, como variáveis contínuas e por categorias. b) Comparar os IMC de diferentes tercis de TSH da amostra e as TSH entre obesos e não obesos. c) Por fim, estudar a relação entre a massa gorda e a TSH. Materiais e Métodos: Foram estudados dos cento e setenta e quatro indivíduos eutiroideus (cento e vinte mulheres e cinquenta e quatro homens), com idade média de 49,5±14,8 anos e IMC médio de 33,93±6,13 kg/m2 que tinham frequentado a Consulta de Nutrição e Actividade Física do Hospital Pêro da Covilhã, entre 2 de Janeiro de 2006 e 16 de Julho de 2009. Dados da função tiroideia normal, IMC e %MG foram recolhidos dos registos clínicos do hospital. Qualquer parâmetro da função tiroideia alterado era critério de exclusão. Procedeu-se à investigação de possíveis associações entre IMC, TSH e massa gorda. Resultados: Neste estudo, não se verificou correlação entre o IMC e a TSH, nem entre a massa gorda e a TSH, dentro do normal. Nenhuma diferença, estatisticamente significativa, entre os IMC foi encontrada quando se dividiu a TSH por tercis. O mesmo sucedeu quando se comparou a TSH de obesos e não obesos eutiroideus. Discussão e conclusão: Pelos dados da amostra, pode afirmar-se que, nem IMC e TSH, nem TSH e massa gorda estão associados, em indivíduos eutiroideus. Embora a disfunção tiroideia esteja relacionada com alterações do peso, conclui-se, por este estudo, que pequenas variações, dentro do normal, não estão relacionadas com alterações de peso e consequentemente do IMC.
Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction influences body weight, being hypothyroidism associated to weight loss and hyperthyroidism to weight gain. However, in relation to association of variations in weight to different levels of thyroid function, in normal range, little is known and there is great controversy. Will little variations of thyroid function, within the normal range, contribute to changes in weight? Objectives: a) Investigate the relation between BMI and TSH, in normal range, as continuous and categorical variables b) Compare BMI of different TSH tertiles and compare TSH between obese and non obese subjects. c) At the end, study the relation between FAT and TSH. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy four euthyroid subjects were studied (one hundred and twenty women and fifty four men), with mean age equals to 49,5±14,8 years and mean BMI equals to 33,93±6,13 Kg/m2 , that have acceded Physical Activity and Nutrition Consultation of Pêro da Covilhã Hospital, between the second of January in 2006 and the sixteenth of July in 2009. Normal thyroid function BMI and FAT data were collected from clinical registers of the hospital. Any altered thyroid parameter was exclusion criteria. We proceed to investigation of possible associations between BMI, TSH and Fat body mass. Results: In this study, we don’t verify correlation between BMI and TSH, neither between fat mass and TSH, in normal range. No difference, statistically significant, was found between BMI when TSH was divided into tertiles. The same happened when we compared TSH of obese and non-obese people. Discussion and conclusion: From data’s sample, we can say that neither BMI and TSH, nor TSH and fat mass are associated, in euthyroid subjects. However thyroid dysfunction is related to changes in body weight, we conclude, from this study, that little variations, in normal range, aren’t correlated with changes in body weight and consequently neither with BMI.

L'étude concerne la modifiabilité des caractéristiques fonctionnelles des capacités de traitement spatial chez les enfants infirmes moteurs d'origine cérébrale (IMC). Considérant qu'il existe deux systèmes de traitement, analogique et propositionnel dans l'imagerie mentale, la recherche en examine l'évocabilité et les conditions d'apparition en fonction de contextes différents. Enfin, l'étude porte sur les relations entre capacités de rotation mentale des enfants IMC et processus attentionnels. Les résultats font apparaître un recours privilégié au mode de traitement analogique, des indices d'un dysfonctionnement attentionnel responsable des difficultés de mise en œuvre d'un traitement propositionnel. L'interprétation en terme de fonctionnement cognitif "local" rend compte des originalités du traitement de tâches spatiales par les enfants IMC. Elles se manifestent par une difficulté d'actualisation des représentations dans un espace calculable. L'hypothèse de l'existence simultanée de deux modes de représentations est discutée comme une synthèse possible des données issues du structuralisme piagetien et des perspectives des théories du traitement de l'information
The study deals with the possibility of improving functional features of spatial processing abilities among cerebral palsied children by means of exercices that encourage perceptual processing of spatial situations which imply mental rotations. Secondly, if there are two processing systems, analogical and propositional, in mental imagery, the research examines the possibility to evocate the processing modes and the conditions of their appearance according to specific situations. Finally, the study focuses on relations between the mental rotations abilities of cerebral palsied children and attentional processes. The investigations of mental rotation processes show that cerebral palsied children used an analogical processing mode. It appears that there are many signs of an attentional dysfunction which expresses itself by a cognitive and motor inhibition deficit. It can be responsible for difficulties to bring about propositional processing. Findings are interpreted as the expression of a cognitive "local" functioning which account for originalities observed in spatial processing by cerebral palsied children. The cognitive "local" functioning emerges in difficulties to generate representation in a "computable" space. The hypothesis of the existence or co-existence of two representational modes is discussed as a synthesis of piagetian structuralism data and theories of information processing perspectives

Bibliography: leaves 150-160.
This project is a feasibility study using Internal Model Control strategies to optimise the performance of a secondary and tertiary crusher stage at a mine. First, a mathematical model of the plant is_ extracted and simulated. The viability of using IMC on an unstable process is considered. Various general objectives are then explained, whereafter the manually controlled plant is evaluated. Three strategies are proposed that control the bin levels to optimise buffer capacity so that crusher throughput is increased and efficiency improved. These are tested on a simulator fed with real plant data to reveal their properties. Finally, an implementation scheme is then proposed.

In automakers' never-ending quest to reduce emissions and improve performance, the turbocharger represents a major step in advancing these goals. By repurposing waste exhaust and compressing the air intake, they are able to increase overall power. One critical control loop in the turbocharger is control of boost pressure via the wastegate. This is a highly nonlinear process and experimental data has shown that a gain-scheduled PID (proportional integral derivative) controller developed with IMC (internal model control) tuning methodology is an effective means to control boost pressure. Motivated by this successful implementation of IMC-PID tuning in the automotive world, this work hopes to extend and analyze that framework. Traditionally, the success of an IMC controller depends on the accuracy of the plant model. This research challenges this view and investigates using IMC with a gain-integrator-delay (GID) model identified at a critical frequency, regardless of the actual plant. The GID model is useful because of its simplicity to characterize and its ability to be translated to the ubiquitous PID controller easily. Three design techniques are developed: (1) design for post-hoc tuning, (2) design for closed loop bandwidth, and (3) design for phase margin. In addition, these techniques are investigated via a Monte Carlo simulation to determine efficacy for when there exists plant/model mismatch. Finally, the three techniques are applied to control the speed of an inertia disk on the Quanser Servo 2 device.

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Grounded in the theory of legal rights protection, the research summarized here had as one of its mottoes to screenthe repercussions of the current conformation of criminal conjecture of offensiveness in its contours of injury and danger; all under the parallel with improper omissive crimes in its possible manifestations in the Brazilian legal system.We intended to discuss the ways in which constitutional principles have been violated within the criminal system in the field of omissive crimes, particularly regarding improper omission. We sought, therefore, with respect to that outlined proposition, to develop relevant reflections on improper omissive crimes, critically scrutinizing the guarantor sources composed in the Brazilian Penal Code and the kind-of-offense as a whole with regard to the mentioned offenses. In the face of it, we intended to formulate hermeneutical paths and suggestions to legislative reforms aimed at stabilizing instruments for containing the broad punitive spectrum currently at the state's disposal, within the systematic rules presently in force in Brazil, with respect to such behavioral species of criminal offenses. This study adopted as its main conceptual framework in criminal dogmatics the ontoanthropological conception of criminal law, individuated in the critical idea of criminal delict as an offense to legal goods, built mainly by Jos? de Faria Costa and so well-bundled and improved, in Brazil, by Fabio Roberto D'Avila. Both these authors, therefore, represent the main theoretical framework of this thesis, together with the significant contributions of Jorge de Figueiredo Dias. Research shows that improper omissive crimes are not reduced to the category of crimes that require a naturalistic result for its consummation to occur. Therefore, in this sense, we performed an accurate inspection on the formal sources of the position of guarantor, disciplined in the art. 13, paragraph 2, of the Brazilian Penal Code, displaying the various doctrinal guidelines expressed on the national scene on the subject and trying to make a conscientious examination of such sources in the light of the essential principles of the criminal justice system. Thus, little controversies relating to the determination of the type-of-offense of improper omission and the mechanisms for reprehending that criminal type stand out as sharply expressive. In doctrine and in regulatory dynamics of the criminal laws of the countries, it is crucial the guideline that for a person to figure as an active subject of an improper omission crime this person needs to be located in the so called position of guarantor of containment of the event generation. It was an aimof this work to examine the different streams of dogmatics, covering national and foreign doctrines as well as the normative criteria that legislate about the issue, through rigorous examination of comparative law, in order to sow, lex ferenda, suggestions for the Brazilian penal system to satisfactorily address the intricate subject of improper omissive crimes. The investigation took theoretical research as a canon, thereby employing national and foreign bibliographies that underpinned the matter. We used the comprehensive exhibition technique for elucidating different guises on the subject and also the comprehensive normative approach, since regulatory guidelines have been suggested in the field of improper omissive crimes.
Calcada na teoria da prote??o de bens jur?dicos, esta investiga??o, aqui resumida, teve como um dos seus motes esquadrinhar as repercuss?es da conforma??o atual da conjectura penal da ofensividade em seus contornos de les?o e de perigo; tudo sob o especial paralelo com os crimes omissivos impr?prios, em suas poss?veis manifesta??es no sistema jur?dico brasileiro. Pretendeu-se problematizar o modo pelo qual os princ?pios constitucionais t?m sido violados no ?mbito do sistema penal, no dom?nio dos crimes omissivos, de modo particular, na modalidade omissiva impr?pria. Procurou-se, portanto, com rela??o a tal proposi??o esbo?ada, desenvolver apontadas reflex?es pertinentes aos crimes omissivos impr?prios, perscrutando, de forma cr?tica, as fontes de garantidor compostas no C?digo Penal brasileiro e o tipo-de-il?cito como um todo respeitante aos mencionados delitos. Tencionou-se, ? vista disso, entabular caminhos hermen?uticos e orienta??es de reformas legislativas com vistas ? estabiliza??o de instrumentos de conten??o do amplo espectro punitivo que atualmente est? a dispor do Estado, na sistem?tica normativa, presentemente vigente no Brasil, no tocante a tais esp?cies comportamentais de infra??es penais. Este estudo adotou, na ambitude da dogm?tica criminal, como matriz conceitual central, a concep??o ontoantropol?gica do Direito Penal individuada na ideia prec?pua do il?cito penal como ofensa a bens jur?dicos, edificada, sobretudo, por Jos? de Faria Costa, e t?o bem-agasalhada e aprimorada, no Brasil, por Fabio Roberto D?Avila, autores, portanto, que representam o principal referencial te?rico da presente tese, juntamente com os significativos contributos de Jorge de Figueiredo Dias. A investiga??o evidencia que os crimes omissivos impr?prios n?o est?o reduzidos ? categoria dos delitos que pressup?em um resultado natural?stico para que haja a consuma??o. Para tanto, nesse sentido, efetuou-se uma inspe??o acurada acerca das fontes formais da posi??o de garantidor, disciplinadas no art. 13, ?2?, do C?digo Penal brasileiro, exibindo as diferentes orienta??es doutrin?rias externadas no cen?rio nacional sobre o tema, procurando fazer um exame minudente de tais fontes ? luz dos princ?pios indispens?veis do sistema penal. Destarte, sobressaem como agudamente expressivas as questi?nculas atinentes aos delineamentos do tipo-de-il?cito da omiss?o impr?pria e os mecanismos de repreens?o da mencionada esp?cie delituosa. Prima, na doutrina e nas din?micas normativas dos diplomas penais dos pa?ses, a diretiva de que para uma pessoa figurar como sujeito ativo de um crime omissivo impr?prio ? preciso que ela esteja inserta na chamada posi??o de garante de refreamento da gera??o do evento. Foi intuito deste trabalho palmilhar pelas diferentes vertentes dogm?ticas, percorrendo a doutrina nacional e estrangeira, assim como pelos crit?rios normativos disciplinat?rios da quest?o, mediante a dissec??o de direito comparado, com vistas a semear, de lege ferenda, predile??es para o sistema penal brasileiro arrostar satisfatoriamente o intricado tema dos crimes omissivos impr?prios. A investiga??o tomou por c?none a pesquisa te?rica, desse modo, empregando bibliografias nacionais e estrangeiras que alicer?aram a mat?ria. Foi utilizada a t?cnica expositivo-compreensiva para a delucida??o das diferentes roupagens relativas ao assunto e, tamb?m, o m?todo compreensivo-normativo, porquanto tenham sido aventadas diretrizes normativas, na dimens?o dos crimes omissivos impr?prios.

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Obesity is currently considered a serious public health problem, especially as it plays a relevant role in the pathophysiology of various diseases. The influence of obesity on some metabolic disorders has been attributed to the ability of adipose tissue cells to produce various proinflammatory cytokines such as resistin (RETN). Recent studies have shown that genes encoding this protein may have genetic alterations potentially related to the predisposition to obesity. Objective: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the association between the -420C> G (rs1862513) polymorphism of the gene encoding RETN and obesity in a sample ofadults residing in the city of Jataí - GO, Brazil. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 117 adults of both sexes, living in Jataí city and surrounding municipalities. Physiological data and anthropometric measurements were obtained and used to classify individuals according to body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (CA), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), as well as laboratory data of lipid profile and fasting blood glucose. Polymorphisms were identified from DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the PCR-RFLP technique. Samples whose DNA extraction or PCR-FRLP technique were not successful were excluded from the study, so that the correlations between the anthropometric and laboratory data with the genotypes found were performed with an N = 72. Statistical analyzes were performed to determine if and which genotype is associated with obesity. Results: Regarding the characterization of the sample, it was observed that 57% had BMI ≥ 25kg / m2 and 51% had abdominal circumference considered as an increased or very increased risk for obesity. There was a positive correlation between BMI, CA and SBP. Regarding the genomic profile of the RETN -420 C A obesidade é considerada atualmente um sério problema de saúde pública, especialmente por desempenhar um papel relevante na patofisiologia de várias doenças. A influência da obesidade sobre algumas desordens metabólicas tem sido atribuída a capacidade de células componentes do tecido adiposo produzir diversas citocinas pró-inflamatórias como resistina (RETN). Estudos recentes têm mostrado que genes codificadores desta proteína podem apresentar alterações genéticas potencialmente relacionados à predisposição a obesidade. Objetivo: O presente trabalho objetivou evidenciar a associação entre o polimorfismo -420C>G (rs1862513) do gene codificador para RETN e a obesidade em uma amostra de adultos residentes no município de Jataí - GO, Brasil. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 117 adultos de ambos os sexos, residentes em Jataí e municípios circunvizinhos. Dados fisiológicos e medidas antropométricas foram obtidos e utilizados para classificação dos indivíduos de acordo com o índice de massa corporal (IMC), Circunferência abdominal (CA), Pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (PAS e PAD), bem como dados laboratoriais de perfil lipídico e glicemia de jejum. Os polimorfismos foram identificados a partir do DNA extraído de células mononucleares do sangue periférico, pela técnica da PCR-RFLP. As amostras cuja extração de DNA ou técnica de PCR-FRLP não obtiveram sucesso foram excluídas da pesquisa, de forma que as correlações entre os dados antropométricos e laboratoriais com os genótipos encontrados foi realizado com um N = 72. Análises estatísticas foram realizadas para determinar se e qual genótipo está associado a obesidade. Resultados: Quanto à caracterização da amostra, observou-se que 57% se encontra com o IMC ≥ 25kg/m2 e 51% possui circunferência abdominal considerada como risco aumentado ou muito aumentado para obesidade. Houve correlação positiva entre IMC, CA e PAS. Em relação ao perfil genômico do polimorfismo RETN -420 C