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Journal articles on the topic 'Imidazole and 1'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ganguly, Swastika, Vatsal Vithlani, Anup Kesharwani, et al. "Synthesis, antibacterial and potential anti-HIV activity of some novel imidazole analogs." Acta Pharmaceutica 61, no. 2 (2011): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-011-0018-2.

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Synthesis, antibacterial and potential anti-HIV activity of some novel imidazole analogs A series of 1-(2-methyl-4-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-3-arylaminopropan-2-ones (2a-e), 2-methyl-5-nitro-1-{2-[arylmethoxy] ethyl}-1H-imidazoles (5a-d), and N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(substituted imidazol-1-yl)alkanamides (8a-e) were synthesized with the aim to develop novel imidazole analogs with broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic properties. Title compounds were evaluated for their anti-HIV and antibacterial activities.

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2

Zhou, Qifan, Fangyu Du, Yajie Shi, Ting Fang, and Guoliang Chen. "Synthesis and Analysis of 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1H-Imidazol-2-Amine." Journal of Chemical Research 42, no. 12 (2018): 608–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751918x15414286606248.

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A practical synthetic route to an important pharmaceutical intermediate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-amine, via a three-step sequence involving cyclisation, hydrolysis and methylation, is reported. In the process of optimisation, a novel chemical entity was isolated and confirmed to be 2,6-diphenyl-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The scale-up experiment was carried out to provide 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-amine in 27.4% total yield.

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3

El'kov, N. A., Dz N. Konshina, and V. V. Konshin. "A practical synthesis of 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-1<i>H</i>-imidazole." Журнал общей химии 93, no. 4 (2023): 654–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x23040182.

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A simple and effective method for the synthesis of 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-1 H -imidazole was proposed by alkylation of sodium imidazolyl obtained from imidazole and sodium hydroxide with (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane at reflux in toluene for 15 h. The target imidazole was obtained with a yield of 82%.

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4

Demchenko, Sergii, Roman Lesyk, Oleh Yadlovskyi, et al. "Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of New 3-Aryl-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole and 5H-Imidazo[1,2-a]azepine Quaternary Salts." Molecules 26, no. 14 (2021): 4253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144253.

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A series of novel 3-aryl-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole and 5H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine quaternary salts were synthesized in 58–85% yields via the reaction of 3-aryl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazoles or 3-aryl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepines and various alkylating reagents. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS. The conducted screening studies of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the new quaternary salts derivatives established that 15 of the 18 newly synthesized compounds show antibacterial and antifungal activity. Synthesized 3-(3,4-dichlorohenyl)-1

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5

Mlostoń, Grzegorz, Małgorzata Celeda, Katarzyna Urbaniak, et al. "Synthesis and selected transformations of 2-unsubstituted 1-(adamantyloxy)imidazole 3-oxides: straightforward access to non-symmetric 1,3-dialkoxyimidazolium salts." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (February 19, 2019): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.43.

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Adamantyloxyamine reacts with formaldehyde to give N-(adamantyloxy)formaldimine as a room-temperature-stable compound that exists in solution in monomeric form. This product was used for reactions with α-hydroxyiminoketones leading to a new class of 2-unsubstituted imidazole 3-oxides bearing the adamantyloxy substituent at N(1). Their reactions with 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-dithione or with acetic acid anhydride occurred analogously to those of 1-alkylimidazole 3-oxides to give imidazol-2-thiones and imidazol-2-ones, respectively. Treatment of 1-(adamantyloxy)imidazole 3-oxides with

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6

Aonofriesei, Florin. "Increased Absorption and Inhibitory Activity against Candida spp. of Imidazole Derivatives in Synergistic Association with a Surface Active Agent." Microorganisms 12, no. 1 (2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010051.

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This paper’s purpose was to evaluate the interaction between three imidazole derivatives, (2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanol (SAM3), 1,1′-methanediylbis(1H-benzimidazole (AM5) and (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methanol 1-hydroxymethylbenzimidazole (SAM5) on the one hand, and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on the other, as antifungal combinations against Candida spp. Inhibitory activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and showed moderate inhibitory activity of single imidazole derivatives against Candida spp. The mean value of MIC ranged from

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7

Ashok, S. R., and M. K. Shivananda. "Synthesis and Characterization and Antifungal Screening Studies of Some Novel Imidazole Derivatives." 1 8, no. 1 (2022): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jemm/8/1/7.

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Imidazole derivatives are five-mamboed heterocyclic having nitrogen, and oxygen atoms in their ring structure and exhibiting potent as well as wide range of pharmacological activities. Current investigations of imidazole derivatives have provided information that these derivatives may have applications in antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, as well as antidiabitic treatments. Fen bam is an imidazole derivative developed by McNeil Laboratories in the late 1970s as a novel anxiolytic drug with an at-the-time-unidentified molecular target in the brain. The imidazole ring system is present in im

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8

Mutoh, Katsuya, Hiroki Arai, Yoichi Kobayashi, and Jiro Abe. "Photo-control of the thermal radical recombination reaction: photochromism of an azobenzene-bridged imidazole dimer." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 6 (2015): 511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0910.

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AbstractAmong various kinds of photochromic compounds, bridged imidazole dimers have been known as fast photo-switch molecules. Bridged imidazole dimers have opened up various potential applications to photochromic lenses and real-time holographic displays. The optical properties of bridged imidazole dimers strongly depend on the bridging moiety to tether two imidazole rings. Therefore, the control of the bridging structure by introducing another photochromic moiety would increase the versatility of bridged imidazole dimers. In this study, we designed and synthesized a new type of the bridged

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9

Arduengo, Anthony J., Jens R. Goerlicha, Fredric Davidson, and William J. Marshall. "Carbene Adducts of Dimethylcadmium." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 54, no. 11 (1999): 1350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1999-1102.

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The first examples of carbene-cadmium complexes are reported from the reactions of a variety of imidazol-2-ylidenes or imidazolin-2-ylidenes with dimethylcadmium. Four new carbene complexes are characterized by NMR spectroscopy (1H , 13C and 113Cd). The cadmium centers are strongly shifted downfield (100 -150 ppm) by interaction with the carbenes. X-ray structures are reported for three carbene-cadmium 1:1 adducts. The cadmium centers exhibit distorted trigonal-planar geometries in which the carbene ligands have an average 18.2 pm longer bond distance to cadmium compared to the methyl groups.

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10

Xu, Wei, Hao Yao, Xing Zhang, et al. "K2CO3 Promoted Cascade Reaction for the Preparation of 1H-Imidazol-4- yl-1-amine Derivatives." Letters in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 2 (2020): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666190226144620.

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: A K2CO3 promoted efficient one pot two-step method for the preparation of 1H-imidazol-4- yl-1-amine derivatives has been developed. A series of second amines with an imidazole group were obtained with 56%-91% yields by the K2CO3 promoted amination of acetates and nitrogen deprotection of the imidazole process.

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11

Xu, Guo-Wang, Ye-Nan Wang, Hai-Bing Wang та Zhong-Long Wang. "Crystal structure ofcatena-poly[[diaquacobalt(II)]-bis[μ-5-(4-carboxyylatophenyl)picolinato]-κ3N,O2:O5;κ3O5:N,O2-[diaquacobalt(II)]-μ-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1H-imidazole-κ2N3:N3′]". Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, № 7 (2015): m145—m146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015012190.

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The asymmetric unit of the title polymeric CoIIcomplex, [Co2(C13H7NO4)2(C12H10N4)(H2O)4]n, contains a CoIIcation, a 5-(4-carboxylatophenyl)picolinate dianion, two coordination water molecules and half of 1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1H-imidazole ligand. The CoIIcation is coordinated by two picolinate dianions, two water molecules and one 1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1H-imidazole molecule in a distorted N2O4octahedral coordination geometry. The two picolinate dianions are related by an inversion centre and link two CoIIcations, forming a binuclear unit, which is further bridged by the imida

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12

Veeraragavan, Vijayakumar, Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy, and Rameshkumar Chidambaram. "PREDICTING THE BIODEGRADABILITY NATURE OF IMIDAZOLE AND ITS DERIVATIVES BY MODULATING TWO HISTIDINE DEGRADATION ENZYMES (UROCANASE AND FORMIMINOGLUTAMASE) ACTIVITIES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 11 (2017): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20999.

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Objectives: The biodegradation pathway of substituted imidazole ring compounds has been reported to have close analogy to the histidine degradation pathway. This prompted the present study to be carried out on 12 selected imidazole and its derivatives which are 1-imidazole, 1, 2-dimethylimidazole, 1-ethyl imidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-isopropylimidazole, 2-Isopropyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 1-nitro imidazole, 1-phenyl imidazole, and 1-vinylimidazole.Methods: The imidazole and its derivatives were evaluated on the d

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13

Abdel-Wahab, Bakr F., Ahmed F. Mabied, James C. Fettinger, Ahmed H. E. Hassan, and Abdelbasset A. Farahat. "2-((5-(5-Methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio)-1-phenylethan-1-one." Molbank 2023, no. 2 (2023): M1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1666.

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A promising imidazole compound was synthesized through the following route. The reaction of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbohydrazide (1) with carbon disulfide and potassium hydroxide in ethanol (80%) afforded potassium salt (2). Refluxing of (2) with phenacyl bromide (3) in ethanol/water (1:1) gave 2-((5-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio)-1-phenylethan-1-one (4) in a 76% yield. The structure of the title heterocycle (4) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance.

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14

Parmar, Tejasvi H., Chetan B. Sangani, and Mahesh Kulkarni. "Synthesis of novel drug-like small molecules library based on 1." Australian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 4 (2022): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch21238.

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A series of novel ‘drug-like’ small molecules based on 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives bearing furan-2-yl, 4-piperidine and 5-aryl/aminoaryl substitutions were designed and synthesised. The key intermediate tert-butyl-4-(5-bromo-2-(furan-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (5) was synthesised via sequential reaction starting from 4-bromo-1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene (1). The 5-aryl-substituted molecular library was generated via Suzuki–Miyura coupling of tert-butyl-4-(5-bromo-2-(furan-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (5) with various boronic acids while B

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15

Sengee, Gerelt-Ireedui, Narangerel Badraa, and Young Key Shim. "Synthesis and photodynamic activity of new imidazole substituted pyropheophorbide-a derivatives." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 13, no. 07 (2009): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424609001017.

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Two new imidazole substituted chlorin derivatives, namely (4-[1-imidazolyl]-phenyl)-amide pyropheophorbide-a and (3-[1-imidazolyl]-propyl)-amide pyropheophorbide-a have been synthesized. Their cell viabilities on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells were investigated and compared with that of pyropheophorbide-a. According to the phototoxicity study, (4-[1-imidazolyl]-phenyl)-amide pyropheophorbide-a and (3-[1-imidazolyl]-propyl)-amide pyropheophorbide-a were found superior to pyropheophorbide-a with respect to high phototoxicity. This work demonstrates that imidazole substituted chlorin deriva

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16

Pranabes, Bhattacharyya, Medda Arunima, Samanta Anuva, Guchhait Nikhil, and R. Das Asish. "Silica gel-mediated microwave-assisted efficient synthesis of highly substituted imidazoles and exploration of naked eye/colorimetric sensor for anions." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 88, Jul 2011 (2011): 983–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785102.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 009, India <em>E-mail</em>: ardchem@caluniv.ac.in, ardas66@rediffmail.com <em>Manuscript received 09 November 2010, revised 29 December 2010, accepted 30 December 2010</em> Ammonium formate and silica gel have been found to be efficient reagent combination for an improved and very rapid one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles in excellent yields. Multicomponent condensation in the presence of solid support with operational simplicity, inexpensive reagents, high yield or products, tolerance of

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17

Bailey, Nicholas, and Bradley O. Ashburn. "(E)-3-[4-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one." Molbank 2021, no. 3 (2021): M1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1269.

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Imidazole-containing chalcones have been shown to be strongly effective against Aspergillusfumigatus, the causative agent for the disease pulmonary aspergillosis. Claisen–Schmidt condensation of 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde with 4′-methylacetophenone using aqueous sodium hydroxide in methanol yielded the novel compound (E)-3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one in good yield and purity after recrystallization from hot methanol. With the known antifungal properties of these combined pharmacophores, this novel compound is suitable for anti-aspergillus activity study

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18

Bhat, Mashooq Ahmad, Mohamed A. Al-Omar, Ahmed M. Naglah, Atef Kalmouch, and Abdullah Al-Dhfyan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biginelli Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives Containing Imidazole Moiety." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (May 13, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3131879.

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Enaminone, (2E)-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl]-4-methylpent-2-en-1-one (II) was synthesized by refluxing 1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl] ethan-1-one (I) with dimethylforamide dimethylacetal (DMF–DMA) under solvent-free condition for 12 hours. Finally, the dihydropyrimidinone derivatives containing imidazole moiety (1–15) were obtained by reacting enaminone, (2E)-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl]-4-methylpent-2-en-1-one (II) with urea and different substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid. Dihydropyrimidinone derivatives containing imidazole moiety were synthesized in exc

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19

Takaki, Reina, and Bradley O. Ashburn. "(E)-3-[4-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one." Molbank 2022, no. 2 (2022): M1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1375.

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Imidazole-containing chalcones have been shown to be effective against Aspergillus fumigatus, the pathogenic agent for pulmonary aspergillosis. Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde with 3′-chloro-4′-fluoroacetophenone using aqueous sodium hydroxide in methanol yielded the novel compound (E)-3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one in good purity after purification by silica gel column chromatography. This novel compound is suitable for testing the antifungal properties of the combined pharmacophores against Aspergillus and other path

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20

Knölker, Hans-Joachim, and Abdel-Aziz El-Ahl. "Imidazole Derivatives, Part VIII. Stereoselective Formation of 1-[(E) 3-(1-Imidazolyl)-2-alkenoyl]imidazoles." HETEROCYCLES 36, no. 6 (1993): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-93-6335.

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21

Singh, Praveen, Ranjeet Kumar, and Ashish Kumar Tewari. "Hydrogen bonding framework in imidazole derivatives: Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis." European Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 1 (2020): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.11.1.50-59.1945.

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A series of imidazole derivatives (1-3) were synthesized with three component reaction among benzil, ammonium acetate and formaldehyde/aromatic aldehyde at 110 °C without a catalyst and solvent. These synthesized imidazole derivatives have shown intermolecular hydrogen bonding such as N-H···N and O-H···N. The imidazole 1 and 2 exhibited N-H···N intermolecular hydrogen bonding while imidazole 3 exhibited O-H···N intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen bonds in imidazoles were studied by X-ray crystallography and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis at dnorm surface which show the visible red spots,

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22

Štefan, Leo, Ana Čikoš, Robert Vianello, Ivica Đilović, Dubravka Matković-Čalogović, and Miljenko Dumić. "Chemistry of Spontaneous Alkylation of Methimazole with 1,2-Dichloroethane." Molecules 26, no. 22 (2021): 7032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227032.

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Spontaneous S-alkylation of methimazole (1) with 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) into 1,2-bis[(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl)thio]ethane (2), that we have described recently, opened the question about its formation pathway(s). Results of the synthetic, NMR spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational studies suggest that, under given conditions, 2 is obtained by direct attack of 1 on the chloroethyl derivative 2-[(chloroethyl)thio]-1-methyl-1H-imidazole (3), rather than through the isolated stable thiiranium ion isomer, i.e., 7-methyl-2H, 3H, 7H-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-4-ium chloride (4a, orthorhombi

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23

Singh, Gurvinder P., Saravanan Kaliyaperymal, and Gyanendra K. Sharma. "Microwave-assisted Solvent-free Synthesis of Some New 4-[2-(Substituted phenyl)-4, 5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-1-yl]-1H-indoles of Biological Interest." INDIAN JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 34, no. 02 (2024): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.59467/ijhc.2024.34.253.

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Solvent-free, microwave-assisted synthesis of several new indolyl imidazoles of biological importance is reported. First, indoleamine was condensed with substituted aryl aldehydes to give corresponding Schiff's bases. Then, Schiff's bases were reacted with ammonium acetate and benzil using silica gel as the solid support to yield the corresponding substituted indolyl imidazole derivatives. A comparison between the conventional approach and the microwave-assisted method is also reported in this research. All the synthesized substituted indolyl imidazole derivatives showed good antibacterial act

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Yang, Zunhua, Yuanying Fang, Jae-Min Kim, Kyung-Tae Lee, and Haeil Park. "Synthesis of Halogenated 1,5-Diarylimidazoles and Their Inhibitory Effects on LPS-Induced PGE2 Production in RAW 264.7 Cells." Molecules 26, no. 20 (2021): 6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206093.

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A series of halogenated 1,5-diarylimidazole compounds were synthesized and their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. A wide variety of 2,4-, 4-, and 2-halogenated 5-aryl-1-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)imidazoles were synthesized for SAR study via two different pathways. Overall, 4-halogenated 5-aryl-1-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)imidazoles, regardless of the species of halogen, exhibited very strong inhibitory activities of PGE2 production. Among them, 4-chloro-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)imidazole (3, IC50 3.3 nM ± 2.93), and 4-chloro-

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Mądrzak-Litwa, Iwona, Anna Turguła, Danuta Rusińska-Roszak, and Aleksandra Borowiak-Resterna. "The synthesis of hydrophobic 1-alkyl-1H,1′H-2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazoles." Heterocyclic Communications 22, no. 2 (2016): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hc-2015-0236.

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AbstractNew synthesis of 1-alkyl-1H,1′H-2,2′- bibenzo[d]imidazoles 3 by alkylation of a disodium derivative of 1H,1′H-2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazole 2a with alkyl halides is proposed. It is noteworthy that 1,1′-dialkylated byproducts 4 are formed in yields of <5%. The structure of all obtained compounds has been confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS or elemental analysis.

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Yamada, Naotaka, and Eiichi Kuwano. "Synthesis and Bleaching Activity of 1-Ethyl-and 1 -Propy 1-5-Substituted Imidazoles." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, no. 3-4 (1993): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-3-430.

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Abstract Twenty-eight 1-ethyl-and 1-propyl-5 -substituted imidazoles were synthesized an d their bleaching activity was evaluated by using the lettuce seedling test. 5-Phenyl-1-propylim idazole (1) caused distinct chlorosis, while none of the c ompounds with various alkenyl groups at the 5-position o the imidazole ring show ed this bleaching activity. Introduction of a bromo, chloro, fluoro, methyl or trifluoromethyl groupa t the 4-position on the benzene ring of compound 1 increased the activity in comparison with that of compound 1. 5-[4-(3-Chlorobenzyl-oxy)phenyl]-l-ethylimidazole (15) an

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Govindhan, Elumalai, A. S. Ganeshraja, B. Bhavana, Krishnamoorthy Anbalagan та Arunachalam SubbiahPandi. "catena-Poly[[[bis(1H-imidazole-κN3)zinc(II)]-μ2-imidazol-1-ido-κ2N:N′] nitrate]". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, № 8 (2014): m298—m299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814015232.

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The title compound, {[Zn(C3H3N2)(C3H4N2)2]NO3}n, is a one-dimensional coordination polymer along [01-1] with the ZnIIatom coordinating to four imidazole/imidazolide rings. The ZnIIatom has a regular tetrahedral geometry with the planes of the two monodentate imidazole rings inclined to one another by 87.94 (17)°, while the planes of the bridging imidazolide rings are inclined to one another by 39.06 (17)°. In the crystal, the chains are linkedviabifurcated N—H...(O,O) hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to (001). These two-dimensional networks are linkedviaC—H...O hydrogen bonds and a C—H.

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Panosyan, Francis B., and Ian WJ Still. "An efficient route to 5-iodo-1-methylimidazole: synthesis of xestomanzamine A." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 7 (2001): 1110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-092.

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An efficient and practical route to C-5 functionalized N-methylated imidazoles is reported. 5-Iodo-1-methylimidazole was synthesized in four steps from imidazole, with complete regiospecificity, in 73% overall yield. The synthesis of xestomanzamine A, a marine natural product isolated in 1995 from an Okinawan sponge of Xestospongia sp., has been achieved using 5-iodo-1-methylimidazole in a modified Grignard reaction with a β-carboline ester moiety, in an overall yield of 59% based upon imidazole and 53% based upon tryptamine.Key words: xestomanzamine A, 5-iodo-1-methylimidazole, methyl β-carbo

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Guthrie, J. Peter, and David C. Pike. "Hydration of acylimidazoles: tetrahedral intermediates in acylimidazole hydrolysis and nucleophilic attack by imidazole on esters. The question of concerted mechanisms for acyl transfers." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 8 (1987): 1951–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-326.

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Heats of hydrolysis have been measured for three acylimidazole acetals. From these results free energies of formation in aqueous solution have been calculated for the acetals and the corresponding tetrahedral intermediates. Having free energies of formation for the tetrahedral intermediates allows a detailed analysis of the energetics of both the unobservable nucleophilic reaction of imidazole with ethyl acetate and also the observable reaction of imidazole with p-nitrophenyl acetate. pKa values of 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole and 1-(2-aminoethyl)-imidazole have been determined to allow calcula

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E.AJILA*, R.ANIZ K.ROY THARA BAI. "SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 1H-SUBSTITUTED 2, 4, 5- TRIPHENYL IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 08 (2018): 7367–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1342750.

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<em>On the basis of various literature survey, imidazole derivatives show various activity such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitubercular, anticancer etc. The possible improvements in the activity can be further achieved by slight modifications in the substituents on the basic imidazole nucleus. Thus imidazole offers better pharmacodynamic characteristics. Furthermore, some imidazole drugs, at high concentrations, could exert direct inhibitory effects on membranes, without interference with sterols and sterol esters. Various recent new drugs developments in imidazole deriv

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31

McClements, Isobelle F., Clara R. Wiesler, and Joseph M. Tanski. "Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization of two 1-phenyl-1H-imidazoles: 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazole." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 79, no. 7 (2023): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989023005480.

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The title compounds, C10H8N2O, (I), and C10H10N2O, (II), are two 1-phenyl-1H-imidazole derivatives, which differ in the substituent para to the imidazole group on the arene ring, i.e. a benzaldehyde, (I), and an anisole, (II). Both molecules pack with different motifs via similar weak C—H...N/O interactions and differ with respect to the angles between the mean planes of the imidazole and arene rings [24.58 (7)° in (I) and 43.67 (4)° in (II)].

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Dutta, Satyajit. "Synthesis and anthelmintic activity of some novel 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazoles." Acta Pharmaceutica 60, no. 2 (2010): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-010-0011-1.

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Synthesis and anthelmintic activity of some novel 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazolesA series of 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazoles1a-jwere synthesized by refluxing benzil with different substituted aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate and glacial acetic acid. Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR,1H NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds1a-jwere screened for anthelmintic activity. Test results revealed that compounds showed paralysis time of 0.24 to 1.54 min and death time of 0.39 to 4.40 min while the standard drugs albendazole and piperazine

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33

Ahmad, Muhammad Saeed, Abu Bakar Siddique, Muhammad Khalid, et al. "Synthesis, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial efficacy and molecular docking studies of 4-chloro-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol and its transition metal complexes." RSC Advances 13, no. 14 (2023): 9222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra08327b.

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Herein, a one-pot synthesis of tetra-substituted imidazole, 4-chloro-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (HL), is reported by the reaction of benzil, 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, ammonium acetate and anisidine.

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34

Septiana, Ika, Bambang Purwono, Chairil Anwar, Beta Achromi Nurohmah, and Jufrizal Syahri. "Synthesis and Docking Study of 2–Aryl-4,5-diphenyl-1<i>H</i>-imidazole Derivatives as Lead Compounds for Antimalarial Agent." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 22, no. 1 (2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.67777.

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Series of 2-aryl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole derivatives of 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (1), 2-(4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (2) and 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (3) were produced and evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activities against the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. A molecular docking study was also carried out against the crystal protein of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS) (PDB ID: 1J3I.pdb) to predict the interaction between the compounds and prote

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35

Yakovychuk, N. D., S. Y. Deyneka, A. M. Grozav, A. V. Humenna, V. B. Popovych та V. S. Djuiriak. "Аntifungal activity of 5-(2-nitrovinyl) imidazoles and their derivatives against the causative agents of vulvovaginal candidiasis". Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 9, № 3 (2018): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021854.

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Development of resistance of yeast-like fungi belonging to the Candida genus to the existing antifungal medicines as well as the high toxicity and low tolerance of these medicines in many cases stipulate the acute need for new antibiotic compounds. In this context, an extremely promising group of chemical substances is imidazole derivatives. Therefore, the search for more active and less toxic medical preparations based on imidazole is a relevant and important issue for medical practice. Considering the urgent demand for new antifungal preparations, four new nitro containing imidazole derivati

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Afandi, Trisno, Bambang Purwono, and Winarto Haryadi. "Effect of Nitro Group on Imidazole Derivative as Colorimetric Chemosensor for Amines." Key Engineering Materials 840 (April 2020): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.840.385.

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Chemosensor of imidazole derivative (4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxy-6-nitrophenol) (IMD-1) has been synthesized and tested for amines sensor. IMD-1 was synthesized from the reaction of 5-nitrovanillin, 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-dione (benzil), and ammonium acetate using reflux method. IMD-1 showed fast respond and color change from light orange to orange in naked eye compared with the imidazole derivative without nitro group (IMD-0). The IMD-1 could detect butylamine quantitatively with detection limit of 1.03 x 10-4 M.

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Vellakkaran, Mari, Rajaka Lingayya, Bejjanki Naveen Kumar, Kommu Nagaiah, Y. Poornachandra, and C. Ganesh Kumar. "Palladium(0)-catalyzed direct C–H hetero-arylation of 2-arylimidazo [1,2-a]pyridines with (E)-1-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-3-arylprop-2-en-1-ones and their anticancer activity." RSC Advances 5, no. 97 (2015): 80057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15078g.

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Wang, Xin, Shi-Wei Yan, Suo-Cheng Chang, Yan-Chen Liang та Fu-Tian Zhang. "cis-Tetraaquabis{5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-κN3)phenyl]tetrazolido}manganese(II) dihydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, № 4 (2012): m413—m414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812010380.

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In the title compound, [Mn(C10H7N6)2(H2O)4]·2H2O, the complex unit comprises an Mn2+ion, coordinated by two imidazole N atoms fromcis-related monodentate 5-[4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]tetrazolide ligands and four water molecules, together with two water molecules of solvation. The Mn2+ion lies on a twofold rotation axis and has a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The molecules are connected by O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds involving both coordinated and solvent water molecules, generating a three-dimensional structure. Two C atoms of the imidazole ring of the ligand are each disordered

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KNOELKER, H. J., and A. A. EL-AHL. "ChemInform Abstract: Imidazole Derivatives. Part 8. Stereoselective Formation of 1-(E-3-(1- Imidazolyl)-2-alkenoyl)imidazoles." ChemInform 24, no. 37 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199337194.

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Zhao, Yibo, Liqian Zhang, Xu Li, et al. "Self-assembled ruthenium (II) metallacycles and metallacages with imidazole-based ligands and their in vitro anticancer activity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 10 (2019): 4090–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818677116.

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Six tetranuclear rectangular metallacycles were synthesized via the [2+2] coordination-driven self-assembly of imidazole-based ditopic donor 1,4-bis(imidazole-1-yl)benzene and 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-yl)benzene, with dinuclear half-sandwichp-cymene ruthenium(II) acceptors [Ru2(µ-η4-oxalato)(η6-p-cymene)2](SO3CF3)2, [Ru2(µ-η4-2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzoquinonato)(η6-p-cymene)2](SO3CF3)2and [Ru2(µ-η4-5,8-dioxido-1,4-naphtoquinonato)(η6-p-cymene)2](SO3CF3)2, respectively. Likewise, three hexanuclear trigonal prismatic metallacages were prepared via the [2+3] self-assembly of tritopic donor of 1,3,5-tri(1H-i

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41

Abu Almaaty, Ali H., Eslam E. M. Toson, El-Sherbiny H. El-Sayed, et al. "5-Aryl-1-Arylideneamino-1H-Imidazole-2(3H)-Thiones: Synthesis and In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation." Molecules 26, no. 6 (2021): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061706.

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A novel series of N-1 arylidene amino imidazole-2-thiones were synthesized, identified using IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectral data. Cytotoxic effect of the prepared compounds was carried out utilizing three cancer cell lines; MCF-7 breast cancer, HepG2 liver cancer, and HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines. Imidazole derivative 5 was the most potent of all against three cell lines. DNA flow cytometric analysis showed that, imidazoles 4d and 5 exhibit pre-G1 apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. The results of the VEGFR-2 and B-Raf kinase inhibition assay revealed that compounds 4d and 5 di

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42

Attia, Mohamed I., Hazem A. Ghabbour, Maha S. Almutairi, Soraya W. Ghoneim, Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz, and Hoong-Kun Fun. "Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure of (1E)-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propan-1-imine." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/418601.

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Synthesis and characterization of (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propan-1-imine (4) are reported. X-ray crystal structure of the title oxime4confirmed its assigned (E)-configuration. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/cwitha=13.4292(3) Å,b=8.8343(2) Å,c=11.1797(3) Å,α=90°,β=108.873(2)°,γ=90°,V=1255.03(5) Å3, andZ=4. The molecules are packed in crystal structure by weak intermolecularO–H⋯Nhydrogen bonding interactions. Compound4is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of new imidazole-containing antifungal agents.

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43

Kampf, C. J., R. Jakob, and T. Hoffmann. "Identification and characterization of aging products in the glyoxal/ammonium sulfate system - implications for light-absorbing material in atmospheric aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (2012): 6235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-6235-2012.

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Abstract. In this study we report the identification of bicyclic imidazoles in aqueous aerosol mimics using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. 2,2´-Biimidazole was identified to be a major contributor to the 280 nm absorbance band observed in mixtures of glyoxal and ammonium sulfate, despite the fact that its production rate is two orders of magnitude lower than the previously reported production rates of imidazole or imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde. The molar absorptivity of 2,2´-biimidazole was determined to be (36 690&amp;pm;998) M−1 cm−1. This demonstrates the necessity of molecular product identification at

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Kampf, C. J., R. Jakob, and T. Hoffmann. "Identification and characterization of aging products in the glyoxal/ammonium sulfate system – implications for light-absorbing material in atmospheric aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 14 (2012): 6323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6323-2012.

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Abstract. In this study we report the identification of bicyclic imidazoles in aqueous aerosol mimics using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. 2,2'-Biimidazole was identified to be a major contributor to the 280 nm absorbance band observed in mixtures of glyoxal and ammonium sulfate, despite the fact that its production rate is two orders of magnitude lower than the previously reported production rates of imidazole or imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde. The molar absorptivity of 2,2'-biimidazole was determined to be (36 690 ± 998) M−1 cm−1. This demonstrates the necessity of molecular product identification at trace lev

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Schubert, Hermann, and Hans-Jürgen Born. "[Adamantyl-(1)]-imidazole." Zeitschrift für Chemie 11, no. 7 (2010): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19710110709.

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46

Koudjina, Simplice, John A. Agwupuye, Terkumbur E. Gber, et al. "Mechanistic Molecular Insights and Quantum Biological Properties of Methyl-Imidazole Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents." Asian Journal of Chemistry 37, no. 5 (2025): 1211–23. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33290.

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Methyl-imidazole derivatives are attracting considerable scientific attention because of their extensive and significant bioactivities. Hence, this work focuses on the investigation of the geometry, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), HOMO-LUMO energy gap, molecular docking, bioavailability, ADMET and pharmacokinetic properties of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5-trimethyl-1H-imidazole (M1), 4-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonic acid (M2), N-hydroxy-N-(4-(2,4,6-trimethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)hydroxylamine (M3) and 2,4,5-trimethyl-1H-imidazole (M4) respectively, utilizing DFT at 6-311++g

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47

Sultana, Shameem, and G. Shiva Kumar. "Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antitubercular Activity of Novel Imidazole Carboxamides." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 5 (2023): 1276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27823.

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A series of novel imidazole carboxamide derivatives (6a-j) were synthesized in moderate to good yields via the oxidative esterification of 1H-imidazole-4-cabaldehyde (1) with phenol (4) followed by the aminolysis of various substituted anilines (5a-j) in the presence of 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (2) (IPr, 10 mol%) and TEMPO (3) in toluene. All the compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds were assessed in vitro for their antimicrobial and antitubercular potential. Among the synthesized compounds 6a, 6f and 6g ha

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McCallum, Peter B. W., M. Ross Grimmett, Allan G. Blackman, and Rex T. Weavers. "Reaction of Imidazoles with Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanation at N 1 or Bromination at C 2?" Australian Journal of Chemistry 52, no. 3 (1999): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c98105.

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The reaction in acetonitrile solution of a number of imidazoles(1H-, 1-methyl-, 2-methyl-, 4-methyl-, 1,2-, 1,4- and1,5-dimethyl-, 1-ethyl-, 1-benzyl- and 1-butyl-imidazole) and imidazolecomplexes([Co(NH3)5(imH)](ClO4)3,[Co(NH3)5(im)](ClO4)2 and[Co(NH3)5(1-Meim)](ClO4)3) with BrCN has beenstudied. Those imidazoles bearing an N-alkyl substituent and having a hydrogenat C2 react to give the 2-bromo products, while the N-H imidazoles react togive N-cyano derivatives. The product(s) from thereaction of 1,2-dimethylimidazole with BrCN could not be characterized. Of thecomplexes, only[Co(NH3)5(im)](

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49

Arslan Biçer, F., and O. Z. Yeşilel. "Synthesis, Characterization and The Effect of the Auxiliary Ligands on the Dimensionality of Two Cobalt(II)-Fumarate Coordination Polymers with Bis(imidazole) Ligands." Журнал структурной химии 64, no. 8 (2023): 114396. http://dx.doi.org/10.26902/jsc_id114396.

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Two new Co(II) coordination polymers, namely {[Co(m-fum)0.5(m-obix)2(H2O)](NO3)}n (1), {[Co(m-fum)0.5(m-mbix)2(H2O)](NO3)}n (2), (H2fum: fumaric acid, obix:1,2-bis(imidazol-1-yl-methyl)benzene, mbix: 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-yl-methyl)benzene), have been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. They have been structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), magnetic properties. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the asymmetric units of both CPs contain a Co(II) ion, half fumarate ligand, two bis(im

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Tong, Shao-Wei, Shi-Jie Li, Wen-Dong Song, Dong-Liang Miao та Qi Deng. "catena-Poly[(diaquastrontium)-bis{μ-5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]tetrazolido}]". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, № 4 (2012): m523—m524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812013347.

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In the title complex polymer, [Sr(C10H7N6)2(H2O)2]n, the SrIIatom lies on an inversion centre and is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate bridgingtrans-related 5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]tetrazolide ligands [Sr—N = 2.387 (4) Å for the tetrazolide moiety and Sr—N = 2.273 (5) Å for the imidazole moiety], and by two O atoms from water molecules [Sr—O = 2.464 (4) Å], giving a distorted octahedral coordination. Pairs of ligand bridges link the complex units, forming chains which extend along [111] and are inter-associated through Owater—H...N hydrogen bonds, giving a two-dimensional ne

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