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Journal articles on the topic 'Imidazole complexes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Arduengo, Anthony J., Jens R. Goerlicha, Fredric Davidson, and William J. Marshall. "Carbene Adducts of Dimethylcadmium." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 54, no. 11 (1999): 1350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1999-1102.

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The first examples of carbene-cadmium complexes are reported from the reactions of a variety of imidazol-2-ylidenes or imidazolin-2-ylidenes with dimethylcadmium. Four new carbene complexes are characterized by NMR spectroscopy (1H , 13C and 113Cd). The cadmium centers are strongly shifted downfield (100 -150 ppm) by interaction with the carbenes. X-ray structures are reported for three carbene-cadmium 1:1 adducts. The cadmium centers exhibit distorted trigonal-planar geometries in which the carbene ligands have an average 18.2 pm longer bond distance to cadmium compared to the methyl groups.

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2

Yamamoto, Katsuya, Isshu Gomita, Hajime Okajima, Akira Sakamoto, Katsuya Mutoh, and Jiro Abe. "Electrochromism of fast photochromic radical complexes forming light-unresponsive stable colored radical cation." Chemical Communications 55, no. 34 (2019): 4917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc00455f.

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3

Hahn, F. Ekkehardt, Beate Heidrich, Thomas Lügger, and Tania Pape. "Pd(II) Complexes of N-Allyl Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbenes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 11-12 (2004): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-11-1223.

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The unsymmetrically substituted imidazolium salt 1-ethyl-3-allyl-imidazolium bromide 1 was synthesized by treatment of imidazole with one equivalent each of n-butyl lithium and ethyl bromide followed by treatment with one equivalent of allyl bromide. The symmetrically substituted derivatives 1,3-diallyl-imidazolium bromide 2 and 1,3-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-imidazolium bromide 3 were obtained from imidazole and two equivalents of allyl bromide or 4-bromo-2-methyl-2-butenyl bromide, respectively, in the presence of sodium hydrogencarbonate as a base. The imidazolium bromides 1- 3 react with Pd(O

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4

Akhtar, Mansoor, Ali Muhammad Arif, Shifa Ullah Khan, Guo-Gang Shan, Hong-liang Xu, and Zhong-Min Su. "Tuning the NLO response of bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes by modifying ligands: experimental and structural DFT analysis." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 12 (2021): 5491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj00114k.

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DFT calculations have been carried out to investigate two synthesized iridium(iii) complexes with substituted Phbd (1-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole) and Crbd (9-(4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole) as ancillary ligands.

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5

R.N., Patel, R. Gokhale P., and B. Pandeya K. "Ternary complexes of copper-, nickel- and zinc(II) with some peptides and imidazoles : A potentiometric study." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 76, Oct 1999 (1999): 475–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5860781.

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Department of Chemistry, A. P. S. University, Rewa-486 003, India <em>Manuscript received 8 January 1999, revised 16 April 1999, accepted 29 June 1999</em> Proton-ligand constants for two peptides (glycylalanine and glycylvaline) and three imidazoles (imidazole, 2-methylimidazole and 2-ethylimidazole), hydrolytic constants for three metal ions (Cu<sup>II</sup>, Ni<sup>II</sup> and Zn<sup>II</sup> ), stability constants for binary and ternary complexes of these metal ions and ligands have been determined by potentiometric method at 30º in 0.2 <em>M</em> NaCIO<sub>4</sub>. The calculations

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6

De, Senjuti, Michael G. B. Drew, Núria Aliaga-Alcalde, and Dipankar Datta. "Imidazole–imidazole stacking in some inorganic complexes." Inorganica Chimica Acta 362, no. 8 (2009): 2879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2009.01.009.

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7

Singh, Ashok K., Snehlata Katheria, Amrendra Kumar, Asiff Zafri, and Mohd Arshad. "Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Antiproliferative Activities of Ru(II) Complexes of Substituted Benzimidazoles." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 10 (2019): 2311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22162.

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Synthesis of [Ru(PPh3)2(BZM)2Cl2] (BZM= LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4 and LS5) where LS1=(1H-benzo[d] imidazole-2-yl)methanethiol, LS2 = 2-(4-bromobutyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazole, LS3= 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, LS4 = 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and LS5= 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)aniline (BZM = benzimidazoles, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) and metal complexes as MR, [ Ru (PPh3)4Cl2], MLS1, MLS2, MLS3, MLS4 and MLS5 for use as potential anticancer compounds have been investigated. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, multinuclear NMR, UV-visible and ESI-MS

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8

Wafaa Jumaah Imran, Ibtihal Kadhim Kareem, and Ruba Riyadh Jaafar. "Synthesis and Spectral identifications of new azo – Schiff base ligand(4Cl-2DIBP) derived from (para-aminobenzylamine) with its some metallic complexes." Journal of Kufa for Chemical Sciences 2, no. 10 (2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36329/jkcm/2023/v2.i10.12257.

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The New Heterocyclic ligand 4-chloro-2-(((4-((4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) diazenyl ) benzyl)imino)methyl) phenol (4Cl-2DIBP) was prepared from the condensation of para-aminobenzylamine with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole, followed by the condensation of the resulting compound with 5- chloro-2- hydroxy benzaldehyde. Different analytical and characterization techniques including (Mass,1HNMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis. spectroscopy and C.H.N elemental analysis) in the investigation of Newly prepared ligand. A series of Novel solid metal complexes of this ligand with Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn ((II), Cd (II)

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9

Julius, Numbonui Ghogomu*, and Kogge Bine Fritzgerald. "Coordination Pattern of Two Imidazole-Chalcone Hybrid Ligands and Reactivity Analysis of TheirTransition Metal (II) Complexes by Density Functional Theory." Archives of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2, no. 1 (2020): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764721.

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AbstractA DFT study of the coordination behavior of two imidazole-based chalcone ligands: 2-[1-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propylimino)-3-(phenylallyl)]phenol and 2-[1-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propylimino)-3-4-nitrophenylallyl]phenol (herein dubbed HL1 and HL2 respec-tively) toward Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ ions, and reactivity analysis of the resulting complexes is reported. The dispersion-corrected DFT (DFT-D3), conceptual DFT, quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and the non-covalent interaction (NCI) index approaches were used. Both HL1 and HL2 are fou

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10

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Preparation and Spectral Characterization of New Azo Imidazole Ligand 2-[(2`-Cyano Phenyl) Azo]-4,5-Diphenyl Imidazole and its Complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg (II) Ions." Baghdad Science Journal 12, no. 1 (2015): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.12.1.96-109.

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The preparation and spectral characterization of complexes for Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) ions with new organic heterocyclic azo imidazole dye as ligand 2-[(2`-cyano phenyl) azo ]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole ) (2-CyBAI) were prepared by reacting a dizonium salt solution of 2-cyano aniline with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole in alkaline ethanolic solution .These complexes were characterized spectroscopically by infrared and electronic spectra along with elemental analysis‚ molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The data show that the ligand behaves a bidantate and

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11

Mahmoud, Waleed A., Abid Allah M. Ali, and Tamara A. Kareem. "Preparation and Spectral Characterization of New Azo Imidazole Ligand 2-[(2`-Cyano Phenyl) Azo]-4,5-Diphenyl Imidazole and its Complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg (II) Ions." Baghdad Science Journal 12, no. 1 (2015): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2015.12.1.96-109.

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The preparation and spectral characterization of complexes for Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) ions with new organic heterocyclic azo imidazole dye as ligand 2-[(2`-cyano phenyl) azo ]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole ) (2-CyBAI) were prepared by reacting a dizonium salt solution of 2-cyano aniline with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole in alkaline ethanolic solution .These complexes were characterized spectroscopically by infrared and electronic spectra along with elemental analysis‚ molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The data show that the ligand behaves a bidantate and

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12

A.H. Abdullah, Sallal, and Jaafar Sataar Shia. "Synthesis of some metal ion complexes of new imidazole derivative, characterization, and biological activity." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 38, no. 6 (2024): 1681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.14.

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Imidazole complexes with high biological activity for some metal complexes prepared by a new imidazole ligand from the reaction of a 1,3-oxazole derivative with hydroxylamine and utilizing this ligand in the preparation of some metal ion complexes. Many of the techniques available for all prepared compounds, such as elemental analysis (CHNS), (FT-IR), (UV-Vis) spectra, and 1H-NMR spectra, will be used in the diagnosis of these complexes, and the forms of the complexes will be deduced from the results obtained. The outcomes demonstrated that the octahedral geometries of all the produced complex

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13

Hasson, Mohammed Mujbel, Basim H. Al-Zaidi, and Ahmad H. Ismail. "Synthesis and Characterization of Ag(I) Complexes Derived from New N-Heterocyclic Carbenes." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 5 (2019): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21877.

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Two new unsymmetrical imidazolium salts viz., [1-(4-ethylphenyl)-3-propyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium bromide] (3) and [1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-propyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium bromide] (4) have been synthesized via the reaction of propyl bromide with imidazole derivatives, [1-(4-ethylphenyl)-1Himidazole] (1) and [1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-imidazole] (2) in absence of solvent. Then two new N-heterocyclic carbene silver complexes (5 and 6) were prepared through the reaction of imidazoluim salts (3 and 4) as a source of N-heterocyclic carbene with Ag2O by in situ method. These complexes can be used in the futu

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14

Li, Shu-Rui, Yi-Min Tan, Ling Zhang, and Cheng-He Zhou. "Comprehensive Insights into Medicinal Research on Imidazole-Based Supramolecular Complexes." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 5 (2023): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051348.

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The electron-rich five-membered aromatic aza-heterocyclic imidazole, which contains two nitrogen atoms, is an important functional fragment widely present in a large number of biomolecules and medicinal drugs; its unique structure is beneficial to easily bind with various inorganic or organic ions and molecules through noncovalent interactions to form a variety of supramolecular complexes with broad medicinal potential, which is being paid an increasing amount of attention regarding more and more contributions to imidazole-based supramolecular complexes for possible medicinal application. This

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15

Wei, Xu, Jian-Hua Li, Qiu-Ying Huang, and Xiang-Ru Meng. "Two new isostructural mercury(II) complexes involving the N-heterocyclic 1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,3-imidazole ligand: syntheses, structures and properties." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, no. 4 (2017): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229617003199.

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The unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic ligand 1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,3-imidazole (bmi) has three potential N-atom donors and can act in monodentate or bridging coordination modes in the construction of complexes. In addition, the bmi ligand can adopt different coordination conformations, resulting in complexes with different structures due to the presence of the flexible methylene spacer. Two new complexes, namely bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,3-imidazole-κN3}dibromidomercury(II), [HgBr2(C10H9N5)2], and bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,3-imidazole-κN3}diiodidomercury(II),

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16

Benkanoun, Aouaouche, Fadéla Balegroune, Achoura Guehria-Laidoudi, Slimane Dahaoui, and Claude Lecomte. "Comparative study between two new phthalate/imidazole Cobalt complexes." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314093619.

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The main strategy for preparing novel multifunctional materials is based on self-assembly method which employs polydentate organic ligands containing N- or O-donor as building blocks. In this context, those ligands like imidazole or carboxylate groups are of special interest due to their good coordination ability and diverse coordination modes [1]. As a part of our investigations of extended structures with mixed ligands, new complexes [Co(Hipht)2(Im)2(H2O)2] and [Co(Tpht)(Im)3(H2O)2].H2O were obtained by direct method, then characterized by IR spectroscopy, TG/ATD and X-ray crystallography. I

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17

Das, J. K., and K. C. Dash. "Azido(imidazole)bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) Complexes — Facile trans ⇋ cis Interconversion in Solution." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 4 (1985): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-0406.

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A number of mixed-ligand complexes of cobalt(III) containing coordinated azide ion, acetyl- acetonatc anion and the neutral base imidazole and, having the general formula [Co(acac)2(N3)(Im)] (Im = imidazole or its derivatives) have been synthesised by the reaction of K[trans-Co(acac)2(N3)2] with the biologically active ligand imidazole or its derivatives. IR and electronic spectra alongwith 1H and 13C NMR spectra have been employed to characterise the complexes and determine their geometry. In contrast to the stable trans-[Co(acac)2(NO2)(Im)] complexes, these azido complexes arc shown to under

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18

Taha Saad, Suad. "Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes with bis(4-((E)-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)diazenyl) phenyl)methane: synthesis, characterization and anti-corrosion effect investigation." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 38, no. 4 (2024): 963–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.12.

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Bright coloured Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes of an azo ligand were synthesized. This ligand was previously synthesized from the coupling reaction between 4,5-diphenyl imidazole and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane in 1:2 molar ratio (4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane and 4,5-diphenyl imidazole). The synthesis process of the complexes involved the reflux reaction between the azo ligand with both metal salts. The synthesized complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV.-Visible, molar conductivity and atomic absorption. From the obtained characteristic data of the FTIR spectra, the coordination between the two

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19

Patel, R. N., Nripendra Singh, K. K. Shukla, and U. K. Chauhan. "Novel copper(II)-dien-imidazole/imidazolate-bridged copper(II) complexes." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 61, no. 1-2 (2005): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2004.03.009.

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20

Liu, Chun-Li, Xu Wei, Qiu-Ying Huang, and Xiang-Ru Meng. "Syntheses, structures and properties of two new isostructural zinc(II) complexes based on 1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-imidazole." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 72, no. 11 (2016): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229616016430.

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Due to their strong coordination ability and the diversities of their coordination modes, N-heterocyclic organic compounds are used extensively as ligands for the construction of complexes with fascinating structures and potential applications in many fields. Two new complexes, namely bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-imidazole-κN3}dibromidozinc(II), [ZnBr2(C10H9N5)2], (I), and bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-imidazole-κN3}diiodidozinc(II), [ZnI2(C10H9N5)2], (II), have been synthesized by reaction of the unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic ligand 1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-imidazole (bm

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21

Wang, Jun, Xiang Rong Liu, Yu Jin Sun, Kan She Li, and Shun Sheng Zhao. "Synthesis, Characterization and DNA-Binding Studies of Transition Metal Complexes with Imidazole Ligands." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.175.

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A series of novel complexes of transition metal (Co, Fe and Mn) with imidaloze have been synthesized and characterized by Elemental Analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis Absorption spectroscopy. Based on elemental and spectral data, the complexes were found to be of Co(C3H4N2)4(ClO4)2(1), Fe(C3H4N2)3(ClO4)3(2) and Mn(C3H4N2)4(Ac)2(3) (C3H4N2= imidazole). The three complexes and the ligand (imidazole) display DNA binding ability, ascertained by UV-Vis titration.

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22

Lah, N., P. Segedin, M. Jacimović, and I. Leban. "Copper-imidazole-chloride/bromide complexes." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (2005): c300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767305087192.

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23

Ward, Hussein Ali, Taghreed M. Musa, and Zaizafoon Nabil Nasif. "Synthesis and Characterization of some Transition Metals Complexes with new Ligand Azo Imidazole Derivative." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 33, no. 2 (2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v33i2.1121.

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AZO complexes synthesized by binding metal ions as Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), with the ligand (L) [ethyl 4-((E)-(5-oxo-1-(((1E,2E)-3-phenylallylidene)amino)-2-thioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)diazenyl)benzoate] was prepared from three steps ,first step preparation Schiff base product of condensation reaction by reaction Thiosemicarbazide with cinnamaldeyde, second step preparation the Imidazole ring close by reaction ligand 1 with chloroethylacetate, finally preparation Azo ligand(Diazanium compound) by reaction ligand 2 with benzocain. Characterized the ligands and complexes in the

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24

Sucipto, Teguh Hari, and Fahimah Martak. "SYNTHESIS OF METAL-ORGANIC (COMPLEXES) COMPOUNDS COPPER(II)-IMIDAZOLE FOR ANTIVIRAL HIV CANDIDATE." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 6, no. 1 (2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v6i1.1204.

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is viruses known as rotaviruses. Potential target for therapeutic is reverse transcriptase (RT), possesses an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H fuctions. Imidazoles have high anti-HIV inhibitory activity, some derivates of imidazole reported drugs. 8-chloro-2,3-dihydroimidazole[1,2-b][1,4,2]benzodithiazine-5,5-dioxides and 9-chloro-2,3,4-trihydropyri-mido[1,2-b][1,4,2]benzodithi-azine-6,6-dioxides. This compounds succesfully identified anti-HIV activity. Copper is a bio-essential element and copper complexes hav

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25

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Preparation and Characterization of Some Metal Complexes with Heterocyclic Azo Ligand (4-SuBAI)." Baghdad Science Journal 12, no. 3 (2015): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.12.3.503-515.

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The preparation and characterization of the Cu (II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) metal complexes of heterocyclic azo ligand 2-[(4`-sulphamide phenyl) azo] -4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4-SuBAI) have been studied by elemental analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis Spectroscopic, magnetic moment and molar conductance methods. The analytical data showed that all chelate complexes were prepared with (metal-ligand) ratio of (1:2). The general formula of these complexes was [ML2X2]. nH2O [were L=2-[(4`-sulphamide phenyl) azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole and X=Cl, and the octahedral geometry were suggested

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Habiban, Abdullah M. A., Waleed A. Mahmoud, and Tamara A. Kareem. "Preparation and Characterization of Some Metal Complexes with Heterocyclic Azo Ligand (4-SuBAI)." Baghdad Science Journal 12, no. 3 (2015): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2015.12.3.503-515.

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The preparation and characterization of the Cu (II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) metal complexes of heterocyclic azo ligand 2-[(4`-sulphamide phenyl) azo] -4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4-SuBAI) have been studied by elemental analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis Spectroscopic, magnetic moment and molar conductance methods. The analytical data showed that all chelate complexes were prepared with (metal-ligand) ratio of (1:2). The general formula of these complexes was [ML2X2]. nH2O [were L=2-[(4`-sulphamide phenyl) azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole and X=Cl, and the octahedral geometry were suggested

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27

Lu, Zhongkai, Yan Gao, Hong Chen, Zhao Liu, Lifang Chen, and Licheng Sun. "Efficient molecular ruthenium catalysts containing anionic ligands for water oxidation." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 46 (2016): 18459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt02056a.

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Two new mononuclear Ru complexes Ru<sup>II</sup>(bipa)(pic)<sub>3</sub> (1; H<sub>2</sub>bipa = 6-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)picolinic acid, pic = 4-picoline) and Ru<sup>II</sup>(pbic)(pic)<sub>3</sub> (2; H<sub>2</sub>pbic = 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylic acid, pic = 4-picoline) based on anionic ligands were successfully synthesized, and characterized using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography.

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28

Busnot, A., F. Busnot, J. F. Hemidy, and J. F. Le Querler. "New complexes of copper cinnamates and imidazole or substituted imidazole." Thermochimica Acta 228 (November 1993): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(93)80291-h.

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29

Hanson, Samuel S., and Jeffrey J. Warren. "Syntheses, characterization, and electrochemical behavior of alkylated 2-(2′-quinolylbenzimidazole) complexes of rhenium (I)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 96, no. 2 (2018): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0320.

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A series of ClRe(CO)3-containing complexes with 1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline (Me-QuBIm), 1-benzyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline (Bn-QuBIm), and 2-(1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline (OMeBn-QuBIm) ligands were prepared and characterized. Each complex was characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, infrared, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. The physical properties of each complex are similar to the parent ClRe(CO)3(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline) complex. However, the electrochemical behavior is distinct from the parent, show

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30

Masciocchi, Norberto, Luigi Garlaschelli, and Giulia Peli. "Synthesis and X-ray powder diffraction characterization of tetra- and hexa-imidazole complexes of magnesium(II)." Powder Diffraction 23, no. 4 (2008): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3005369.

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X-ray powder diffraction data for two ionic salts containing imidazole (Him) complexes of the magnesium(II) ion, [Mg(Him)4(H2O)2]Cl2 and [Mg(Him)6](NO3)2, are reported. Their crystal and molecular structures were determined by simulated annealing and full-profile Rietveld refinement methods. [Mg(Him)4(H2O)2]Cl2 was found to crystallize in the monoclinic system with space group C2/c, a=12.3980(3) Å, b=11.0234(2) Å, c=14.4691(3) Å, and β=107.024(1)°. [Mg(Him)6](NO3)2 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group with a=b=12.4631(4) Å and c=14.9449(6) Å. Both species contain centrosymmetric comple

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31

Babijczuk, Karolina, Beata Warżajtis, Justyna Starzyk, Lucyna Mrówczyńska, Beata Jasiewicz, and Urszula Rychlewska. "Synthesis, Structure and Biological Activity of Indole–Imidazole Complexes with ZnCl2: Can Coordination Enhance the Functionality of Bioactive Ligands?" Molecules 28, no. 10 (2023): 4132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104132.

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The ability of the indole–imidazole hybrid ligands to coordinate with the Zn(II) ion and the resulting structures of this new class of coordination compounds were analyzed in order to determine their structural properties and biological functionalities. For this purpose, six novel Zn(II) complexes, [Zn(InIm)2Cl2] (1), [Zn(InMeIm)2Cl2] (2), [Zn(IniPrIm)2Cl2] (3), [Zn(InEtMeIm)2Cl2] (4), [Zn(InPhIm)2Cl2] (5) and [Zn2(InBzIm)2Cl2] (6) (where InIm is 3-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-indole), were synthesized by the reactions of ZnCl2 and the corresponding ligand in a 1:2 molar ratio in methanol sol

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32

Liu, Yaru, Lan Liu, Xiao Zhang, Guorui Liang, and Xuebing Gong. "Two zinc(II) coordination complexes based on an asymmetric multidentate ligand: syntheses, structures, selective fluorescence sensing of iron(III) ions and thermal analyses." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 74, no. 1 (2018): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205322961701717x.

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The rational selection of ligands is vitally important in the construction of coordination complexes. Two novel ZnII complexes, namely bis(acetato-κO)bis[1-(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-κN 3]zinc(II) monohydrate, [Zn(C13H15N5)2(C2H3O2)2]·H2O, (1), and bis(azido-κN 1)bis[1-(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-κN 3]zinc(II), [Zn(C13H15N5)2(N3)2], (2), constructed from the asymmetric multidentate imidazole ligand, have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Bo

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Rawat, S. P., and M. Choudhary. "Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Studies on Some New Copper(II) Complexes Containing 2-{[(Z)-Phenyl (Pyridine-2-yl) Methylidene] Amino}Benzenethiol and Monodentate Ligands." International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2014 (June 19, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/618943.

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Five new mononuclear copper(II) complexes, namely, [Cu(L)(ImH)]·ClO41; [Cu(L)(Me-ImH)]·ClO42; [Cu(L)(Et-ImH)]·ClO43; [Cu(L)(2-benz-ImH)]·ClO44; [Cu(L)(benz-ImH)]·ClO45, where HL = 2-{[(Z)-phenyl (pyridine-2-yl) methylidene] amino} benzenethiol; ImH = Imidazole; Me-ImH = Methy-limidazole; Et-ImH = Ethyl-imidazole; 2-benz-ImH = 2-methyl-benzimidazole; benz-ImH = benz-imidazole, have been synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Magnetic moments, electronic spectra, and EPR spectra of the complexes suggested a square planar geometry around Cu(II) ion.

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Wang, Haimang, Xuehong Wei, and Jianfeng Li. "Synthesis and characterization of six-coordinate iron(II/III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrinato complexes with non-hindered imidazole ligands." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 22, no. 09n10 (2018): 953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424618500530.

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Four bis-imidazole iron(II/III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato (TFPP) complexes, [Fe(TFPP)(1-MeIm)[Formula: see text]], [Fe(TFPP)(1-VinylIm)[Formula: see text]], [Fe(TFPP)(4-MeHIm)[Formula: see text]]Cl and [Fe(TFPP)(1-EtIm)[Formula: see text]]BF[Formula: see text] (1-MeIm [Formula: see text] 1-methylimidazole, 1-VinylIm [Formula: see text] 1-vinylimidazole, 4-MeHIm [Formula: see text] 4-methylimidazole and 1-EtIm [Formula: see text] 1-ethylimidazole) were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray and UV-vis spectroscopy. A negative correlation is found between

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35

Ahmad, Muhammad Saeed, Abu Bakar Siddique, Muhammad Khalid, et al. "Synthesis, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial efficacy and molecular docking studies of 4-chloro-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol and its transition metal complexes." RSC Advances 13, no. 14 (2023): 9222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra08327b.

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Herein, a one-pot synthesis of tetra-substituted imidazole, 4-chloro-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (HL), is reported by the reaction of benzil, 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, ammonium acetate and anisidine.

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36

Farkas, Etelka, Dávid Bátka, Hajnalka Csóka, and Nóra V. Nagy. "Interaction of Imidazole Containing Hydroxamic Acids with Fe(III): Hydroxamate Versus Imidazole Coordination of the Ligands." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2007 (2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/96536.

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Solution equilibrium studies on Fe(III) complexes formed with imidazole-4-carbohydroxamic acid (Im-4-Cha), N-Me-imidazole-4-carbohydroxamic acid (N-Me-Im-4-Cha), imidazole-4-acetohydroxamic acid (Im-4-Aha), and histidinehydroxamic acid (Hisha) have been performed by using pH-potentiometry, UV-visible spectrophotometry, EPR, ESI-MS, andH-NMR methods. All of the obtained results demonstrate that the imidazole moiety is able to play an important role very often in the interaction with Fe(III), even if this metal ion prefers the hydroxamate chelates very much. If the imidazole moiety is inα-positi

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Brewer, Greg, Cynthia Brewer, Raymond J. Butcher, and Peter Zavalij. "Selective Generation of Aldimine and Ketimine Tautomers of the Schiff Base Condensates of Amino Acids with Imidazole Aldehydes or of Imidazole Methanamines with Pyruvates—Isomeric Control with 2- vs. 4-Substituted Imidazoles." Molecules 29, no. 6 (2024): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061324.

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The Schiff base condensation of 5-methyl-4-imidazole carboxaldehyde, 5Me4ImCHO, and the anion of an amino acid, H2N-CH(R)CO2− (R = -CH3, -CH(CH3)2 and -CH2CH(CH3)2), gives the aldimine tautomer, Im-CH=N-CH(R)CO2−, while that of 5-methylimidazole-4-methanamine, 5MeIm-4-CH2NH2, with a 2-oxocarboxylate anion, R-C(O)-CO2−, gives the isomeric ketimine tautomer, Im-CH2-N=C(R)CO2−. All are isolated as the neutral nickel(II) complexes, NiL2, and are characterized by single crystal structure determination, IR, and positive ion ESI MS. In the cases of the 4 substituted imidazoles, either 5MeIm-4-CHO or

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Liu, Xinfang, Rongfang Li, Lufang Ma, Xun Feng, and Yuqiang Ding. "Influences of the protonic state of an imidazole-phenanthroline ligand on the luminescence properties of copper(i) complexes: experimental and theoretical research." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 1 (2016): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj02100f.

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Sunatsuki, Yukinari, Hiromi Ohta, Masaaki Kojima, et al. "Supramolecular Spin-Crossover Iron Complexes Based on Imidazole−Imidazolate Hydrogen Bonds." Inorganic Chemistry 43, no. 14 (2004): 4154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic0498384.

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Parida, Rakesh, Subhra Das, Lucas José Karas, Judy I.-Chia Wu, Gourisankar Roymahapatra, and Santanab Giri. "Superalkali ligands as a building block for aromatic trinuclear Cu(i)–NHC complexes." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 11 (2019): 3336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qi00873j.

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Imidazole and benz-imidazole based different NHC ligands have been designed to make tri nuclear aromatic Cu(i)@NHC complex. First principle calculation suggest that all the ligands are superalkali and the complexes are sp<sup>2</sup> hybridized.

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41

G., N. MUKHERJEE, and K. SAHU H. "Multimetal Multiligand Complexes. Part-I. Equilibrium Study on the Formation and Stability of Mixed Ligand Mixed Metal Complexes of Cobalt-, Nickel-, Copper- and Zinc(II) with Aspartate and Imidazole in Aqueous Solution." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 75, Mar 1998 (1998): 143–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5915588.

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Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Calcutta-700 009 <em>Manuscript received 12 June 1996, revised 24 April 1997, accepted 16 May 1997</em> Equilibrium study on the mixed ligand and mixed metal complex formation of M<sup>2+</sup> ions (M = M<sup>1</sup> = M<sup>2</sup> = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) with aspartate (A<sup>2-</sup> and imidazole (B) has provided evidence of formation of homo- and heterobinuclear complexes of the types, M<sub>2</sub>(A<sub>2</sub>(B), M<sub>2</sub>(A<sub>2</sub>(B-H) and M<sup>1</sup>M<sup>2</sup>(A)<sub>2</sub>(B)

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42

Świderski, Grzegorz, Ryszard Łaźny, Michał Sienkiewicz, et al. "Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Theoretical Study of Copper and Cobalt Complexes with Dacarbazine." Materials 14, no. 12 (2021): 3274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123274.

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Dacarbazine (DAC) 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide is an imidazole-carboxamide derivative that is structurally related to purines. DAC belongs to the triazene compounds, which are a group of alkylating agents with antitumor and mutagenic properties. DAC is a non-cell cycle specific drug, active in all phases of the cellular cycle. In the frame of this work the 3d metal complexes (cobalt and copper) with dacarbazine were synthesized. Their spectroscopic properties by the use of FT-IR, FT-Raman, and 1HNMR were studied. The structures of dacarbazine and its complexes with coppe

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Tracey, Alan S., Jaswinder S. Jaswal, Fikile Nxumalo, and Sarah J. Angus-Dunne. "Condensation reactions between vanadate and small functionalized peptides in aqueous solution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 4 (1995): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-064.

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The role that histidyl, seryl, tyrosyl, and other side chains of small peptides play in the formation of vanadate complexes has been investigated using 1H, 13C, and 51V nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Formation constants of product complexes in aqueous solution have been determined and the influence of pH on the equilibria established. The results revealed that, in histidine-containing compounds, the protonation state of the imidazole ring of the free ligand strongly influences product formation. The results unequivocally showed that no vanadium-to-imidazole bond was formed for any of

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44

Beckert, Rainer, Catharina Hippius, Tillmann Gebauer, et al. "Syntheses and Properties of Cycloamidines Based on 4H-Imidazoles." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 61, no. 4 (2006): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2006-0411.

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Employing three different syntheses a broad spectrum of 4H-imidazoles 3a - 3s has been synthesized. In the course of the two-fold aminolysis reaction leading to derivatives 3q - 3s, deeply colored byproducts could be isolated and structural characterized.These novel donor-acceptor derivatives of type 7 consist of an 1H- and 4H-imidazole which are connected by a nitrogen bridge and rearrange via rapid 1,3-/1,5-hydride shifts. Using 1H NMR experiments the aminolysis product 3p shows prototropic isomers which could be detected in equilibrium for the first time. Cyclovoltammetric measurements of a

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Wayda, A. L., M. L. Kaplan, A. M. Lyons, and R. D. Rogers. "Mixed-ligand imidazole complexes of organolanthanides." Polyhedron 9, no. 5 (1990): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)80285-5.

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Zaki, Zenat M., Sawsan S. Haggag, and Mohamed El-Shabasy. "Structural Chemistry of Some Imidazole Complexes." Spectroscopy Letters 28, no. 3 (1995): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387019508009895.

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Crespo-Otero, Rachel, Kenny Bravo-Rodríguez, Reynier Suardíaz, Luis A. Montero, and José M. García de la Vega. "Theoretical Study of Imidazole···NO Complexes†." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113, no. 52 (2009): 14595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9042733.

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Katnani, A. D., K. I. Papathomas, D. P. Drolet, and A. J. Lees. "Thermal decomposition of palladium-imidazole complexes." Journal of Thermal Analysis 35, no. 1 (1989): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01914274.

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Sorrell, Thomas N., Martha L. Garrity, Joseph L. Richards, and F. Christopher Pigge. "Copper imidazole complexes as synthetic biomimics." Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 43, no. 2-3 (1991): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-0134(91)84209-r.

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Shi, Zhi-Qiang, Ning-Ning Ji, Wan-Yao Chen, and Gang Li. "Proton conduction in two hydrogen-bonded supramolecular lanthanide complexes." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 25 (2020): 10562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj02085k.

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