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Journal articles on the topic 'Imitability'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Weitbrecht, Julia. "Häusliche Heiligkeit." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 137, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2015-0003.

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Abstract This article investigates historical conceptualizations of sanctity in medieval saints’ legends. Sanctity, in its textual representations, emerges from the interaction of traditional legendary narratives, their textual transmission, and varying models of imitability. The legend of St Oswald illustrates the versatility of the saint as persona imitabilis: While historical accounts describe Oswald as a missionary king and martyr, the ›Munich Oswald‹ links the motif of conversion by marriage to the narrative model of the bridal quest. Simultaneously, the feudal aspects of the bridal quest are questioned by references to sanctification by renunciation. This aporetical constitution of sanctity is retold and harmonized in the Berlin manuscript mgq 478. Most of the included narratives have been edited so that they lead to a happy ending. The ›Berlin Oswald‹ thus provides another new model of imitability, the socially acceptable saint, which allows for a better understanding of late medieval conceptualizations of sanctity as well as saints’ legends as a narrative genre.

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Webster, John B. "Christology, Imitability and Ethics." Scottish Journal of Theology 39, no. 3 (August 1986): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600030866.

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Our conduct is shaped by the condition of our vision; we are free to choose or to struggle against only what we can see. Our vision, however, is determined by the most important images of the self from which we have fashioned our sense of identity. These furnish us with our perspective upon everything else; they finally legislate not only what we will and what we will not see, but the particular angle or point of view from which the whole of reality will be assessed. How we see ourselves, then, determines how we will conduct ourselves in relation to others, to the world, and even to God — and all this is ultimately a matter of images. If we cannot see ourselves as Christians, we shall scarcely be able to act except in the ways that the fashions of this world legitimate.

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3

Mehra, A. "Product market heterogeneity, resource imitability and strategic group formation." Journal of Management 24, no. 4 (1998): 511–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-2063(99)80071-3.

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Mehra, Ajay, and Steven W. Floyd. "Product Market Heterogeneity, Resource Imitability and Sfrategic Group Formation." Journal of Management 24, no. 4 (August 1998): 511–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639802400403.

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This article blends the resource-based view of the firm with the industrial organization view of intraindustry heterogeneity to offer a theoretically grounded model of strategic group formation. The model provides an explanation for the inconsistent fkdings of empirical research on strategic groups and helps to situate future studies in this area.

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Croce, Michel, and Maria Silvia Vaccarezza. "Educating through exemplars: Alternative paths to virtue." Theory and Research in Education 15, no. 1 (March 2017): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878517695903.

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This article confronts Zagzebski’s exemplarism with the intertwined debates over the conditions of exemplarity and the unity–disunity of the virtues, to show the advantages of a pluralistic exemplar-based approach to character education. This pluralistic exemplar-based approach to character education is based on a prima facie disunitarist perspective in moral theory, which amounts to admitting both exemplarity in all respects and single-virtue exemplarity. First, we account for the advantages of pluralistic exemplar-based approach to character education, and we show how two figures in recent Italian history (Giorgio Perlasca and Gino Bartali) satisfy Blum’s definitions of ‘moral hero’ and ‘moral saint’. Then we offer a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of heroes and saints with respect to character education, according to four criteria derived from our pluralistic exemplar-based approach to character education: admirability, virtuousness, transparency, and imitability. Finally, we conclude that both unitarist and disunitarist exemplars are fundamental to character education; this is because of the hero’s superiority to the saint with respect to imitability, a fundamental feature of the exemplar for character education.

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Zellou, Georgia, Rebecca Scarborough, and Kuniko Nielsen. "Imitability of contextual vowel nasalization and interactions with lexical neighborhood density." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133, no. 5 (May 2013): 3339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4805633.

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7

Autio, Erkko, Harry J. Sapienza, and James G. Almeida. "Effects of Age at Entry, Knowledge Intensity, and Imitability on International Growth." Academy of Management Journal 43, no. 5 (October 2000): 909–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/1556419.

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8

Sharapov, Dmitry. ""Routine Structure and Knowledge Management: Impacts on Routine Attributes, Value and Imitability"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (January 2013): 15579. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.15579abstract.

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9

Autio, E., H. J. Sapienza, and J. G. Almeida. "EFFECTS OF AGE AT ENTRY , KNOWLEDGE INTENSITY, AND IMITABILITY ON INTERNATIONAL GROWTH." Academy of Management Journal 43, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 909–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1556419.

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10

Kellermanns, Franz W., and Tim Barnett. "Commentary: What Were They Thinking? The Role of Family Firm Mental Models on Threat Recognition." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32, no. 6 (November 2008): 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00268.x.

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In this commentary, we extend Sirmon, Arregle, Hitt, and Webb's work in this issue by introducing shared mental models as antecedents of threat of imitability recognition and as moderators of the relationship between threat recognition and strategic action. Specifically, while Sirmon, Arregle, Hitt, and Webb focus on responses to threat recognition, we develop propositions on how shared mental models related to business issues affect the threat recognition process and on how shared mental models related to family issues influence strategic responses to recognized threats. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.

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Meng, Qing Yun, Shi Li Tan, Hong Liu Yu, Qiao Ling Meng, and Jin Hua Yi. "Research on Size Synthesis Optimization Design of a Bionic Exoskeleton for Index Finger Rehabilitation." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 1447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1447.

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This paper presents a novel wearable robotic hand exoskeleton named ReHand-II for post-stroke rehabilitation. To ensure the consistency of rotation between exoskeleton joints and index finger joints and to realize reasonable range of movement, the kinematics models of left index finger and the exoskeleton are established. And design variables,constraints and objective function are determined. The size synthesis optimization design is realized. Ultimately the size value of each component parameter is determined. The hand exoskeleton is developed according to the results of the optimization. Finally, ReHand-II shows better bio-imitability and Wearable adaptability by wear experiment results.

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12

Barney, Jay. "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage." Journal of Management 17, no. 1 (March 1991): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108.

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Understanding sources of sustained competitive advantage has become a major area of research in strategic management. Building on the assumptions that strategic resources are heterogeneously distributed acrossfirms and that these differences are stable over time, this article examines the link betweenfirm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Four empirical indicators of the potential of firm resources to generate sustained competitive advantage-value, rareness, imitability, and substitutability-are discussed. The model is applied by analyzing the potential of severalfirm resourcesfor generating sustained competitive advantages. The article concludes by examining implications of this firm resource model of sustained competitive advantage for other business disciplines.

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13

Lado, Augustine A., and Michael J. Zhang. "Expert Systems, Knowledge Development and Utilization, and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based Model." Journal of Management 24, no. 4 (August 1998): 489–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639802400402.

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In this paper, we propose a resource-based model to explain how expert systems generate sustained competitive advantage for a firm. Speciftcally, we analyze the extent to which expert systems (ESs) exhibit the attributes of value, rareness, imperfect imitability, and non substitutability associated with a rent-generating resource (e.g., Barney, 1991). Then, we discuss how expert systems yield sustainable competitive advantage through fostering organizational knowledge development and utilization. Finally, we examine the role of ESs in engenden’ng a reciprocal, mutually enhancing relationship with organizational competencies, leading to sustained competitive advantage. Propositions are ofleered to facilitate future research.

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Sirmon, David G., Jean–Luc Arregle, Michael A. Hitt, and Justin W. Webb. "The Role of Family Influence in Firms’ Strategic Responses to Threat of Imitation." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32, no. 6 (November 2008): 979–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00267.x.

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We integrate theory on the resource–based view and threat rigidity with family business research to explain the role family influence plays in responding to threats of imitation. As opposed to family control, we find that family influence affects resource management actions taken in response to threats of imitation. Specifically, results show that R&D investment and internationalization actions mediate the relationship between imitability and performance. However, we find that family–influenced firms are less rigid in their responses to such threats, reducing R&D and internationalization significantly less than firms without family influence.

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15

DeHart, Paul. "Quaestio Disputata: Divine Virtues and Divine Ideas of Virtues." Theological Studies 81, no. 2 (June 2020): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040563920934196.

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Benjamin DeSpain has taken issue with my claim that the divine ideas according to Aquinas’s conception cannot be the objects of our moral striving, nor can they be approximated by us. I argue that he has not attended to a necessary distinction between the divine essence as single exemplar and the ideas as multiple exemplars of the varied imitability of that essence. The result is that Macrobius’s “exemplar virtues” are the divine essence; they are not divine ideas, nor are they eternal law. Approximation to these virtues is possible, but not to the ideas. I conclude with some reflections on Aquinas’s use of tradition, and on the question of his “Platonism.”

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16

DeCarolis, D. "Competencies and Imitability in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Analysis of Their Relationship with Firm Performance." Journal of Management 29, no. 1 (January 2003): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-2063(02)00220-9.

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De Carolis, Donna Marie. "Competencies and Imitability in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Analysis of Their Relationship with Firm Performance." Journal of Management 29, no. 1 (February 2003): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630302900103.

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18

Wahyudi, Wahyuniwati, Endo W. Kartika, and Sia Tjun Han. "SUSTAINABLE FACTORS IN THE HUMAN ASSETS OF DANA HOTEL AS A HERITAGE HOTEL IN SOLO, INDONESIA." Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 20, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jmk.20.1.7-15.

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This research aims to study what sustainable factors of Dana Hotel in the human assets; and also find out what the status of Dana Hotel, using VRIN analysis (Value, Rarity, Imperfect Imitability, and Non-Substitutability) from Natural Language Data of observation and in-depth interviews in a descriptive qualitative study. In results, in order to achieve sustainability, Dana Hotel has valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and non-substitutable factors in the human assets. As the human assets are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and non-substitutable, the status of Dana Hotel is sustainable in the context of human resources. It is concluded that following the success of Dana Hotel, organizations that have those factors or even more, tend to have big opportunities to survive.

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Gillen, Mark C., and Ed Chung. "An Initial Investigation of Employee Stress Related to Caring for Elderly and Dependent Relatives at Home." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 25, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443330510791199.

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It is recognised that a sustainable competitive advantage is a necessary condition for a firm to survive and prosper. Specifically, companies need to embark on real, substantive business initiatives that will accrue to the company an asymmetrical, firm‐specific resource that will not be perfectly imitable by competitors, to borrow from Barney’s (1986) parlance. Barney’s notion of imperfect imitability is see as crucial in ascertaining the long run efficacy of any potential source of competitive advantage. A sustainable competitive advantage is one which is of value, is rare, has few if any substitutes, and in particular is not easily copied (Barney, 1986). The acquisition of such a sustainable competitive advantage is seen as the whole point of planning and executive business level strategies.

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Aaltonen, Satu, Aleksej Heinze, Giuseppe Ielpa, and Dorella De Tommaso. "Enterprise Cultural Heritage." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 16, no. 2 (May 2015): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2015.0178.

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Remaining in business and growing is a challenge for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food sector. The focus of this paper is the internal innovation avenue for SMEs that have been trading for decades and have developed the asset of enterprise cultural heritage (ECH). The authors examine ECH as a source of sustainable competitive advantage, using the value, rarity, imitability and organization (VRIO) framework and evaluating the practical potential of ECH to create sustainable competitive advantage through case studies of two international companies. The authors argue that companies that are only partially able to fulfil each of the VRIO criteria can still claim sustainable competitive advantage, as demonstrated by the case studies. Moreover, it is suggested that ECH is one of the key areas for innovation from within a firm and should be used in developing sustainable competitive advantage.

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Das, T. K., and Bing-Sheng Teng. "A Resource-Based Theory of Strategic Alliances." Journal of Management 26, no. 1 (February 2000): 31–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600105.

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The resource-based view of the firm has not been systematically applied to strategic alliances. By examining the role of firm resources in strategic alliances, we attempt, in this paper, to put forward a general resource-based theory of strategic alliances, synthesizing the various findings in the literature on alliances from a resource-based view. The proposed theory covers four major aspects of strategic alliances: rationale, formation, structural preferences, and performance. The resource-based view suggests that the rationale for alliances is the value-creation potential of firm resources that are pooled together. We note that certain resource characteristics, such as imperfect mobility, imitability, and substitutability, promise accentuated value-creation, and thus facilitate alliance formation. We discuss how the resource profiles of partner firms would determine their structural preferences in terms of four major categories of alliances: equity joint ventures, minority equity alliances, bilateral contract-based alliances, and unilateral contract-based alliances. As part of the theory, we propose a typology of inter-partner resource alignment based on the two dimensions of resource similarity and resource utilization, yielding four types of alignment: supplementary, surplus, complementary, and wasteful. We also discuss how partner resource alignment directly affects collective strengths and inter-firm conflicts in alliances, which in turn contribute to alliance performance. Finally, we develop a number of propositions to facilitate empirical testing of the theoretical framework, suggest ways to carry out this testing, indicate future research directions, and list some of the more significant managerial implications of the framework.

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22

Knott, Paul J. "Does VRIO help managers evaluate a firm’s resources?" Management Decision 53, no. 8 (September 21, 2015): 1806–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2014-0525.

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Purpose – The resource-based view and value-rarity-imitability-organisation (VRIO) method have diffused widely into courses aimed at managerial practice, but research has yet to verify whether they help managers analyse a firm’s resources. Following recent interest in the use of strategy tools, the purpose of this paper is to focus on what happens when VRIO informs strategy action. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses experimental method to evaluate directly users’ analysis guided by VRIO relative to analysis that is not. Systematic coding of the responses evaluates how users select resources to evaluate, in which areas they make recommendations, and what account they take of competitors, dynamic evolution, and resource disadvantages, risks and limitations. Findings – VRIO encouraged users to evaluate resources relative to competitors and competitive dynamics, but resource selection difficulties and failure to evaluate resource disadvantages limited its value. In addition, it drew users to the existing operations and business model. Research limitations/implications – The study highlights a tendency for users to evaluate antecedents and outcomes of resources, and partly supports the view that VRIO elicits inward-looking descriptions. Field-based research is needed to show how using VRIO plays out in full strategy making context. Practical implications – Highlighted limitations in VRIO analysis could be alleviated by better specifying resource selection and by addressing the positive-only tenor of VRIO materials. Originality/value – Only a small number of published studies evaluate VRIO as a method of practical strategic analysis, and this paper is the first to look directly at users’ responses.

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Castro, Virginia Aparecida, and Janaina de Moura Engracia Giraldi. "Shared brands and sustainable competitive advantage in the Brazilian wine sector." International Journal of Wine Business Research 30, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-04-2017-0019.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate if shared brands provide sustainable competitive advantage according to an adapted valuable, rare, imitability/replaceability and organization (VRIO) model to the Brazilian wine sector in the opinion of the government agencies, associations and managers of the wineries.Design/methodology/approachThis study was based on a qualitative and exploratory research, based on in-depth interviews. Fine wines that have geographical indications and are located in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed and content analysis was used to explore data.FindingsIt was concluded that shared brands in the Brazilian wine sector can be considered a source of sustainable competitive advantage according to the resource-based view.Research limitations/implicationsQualitative research has the aspect of the subjectivity of the researcher when analyzing the data.Practical implicationsThe government agencies, associations and wineries can improve the production process and seek certified products for commercialization in the domestic and foreign markets. These contributions may also, in practice, be used by other sectors and countries.Originality/valueThis work contributes to the understanding of the shared brand’s concept, including geographical indications, collective brands and the sector brands. The proposition that shared brands provide sustainable competitive advantage, according to an adapted VRIO model was confirmed. Barney’s VRIO framework (Barney, 1991, 1995) hitherto thought for individual companies, has the letter “O” of Organization replaced by the letter “A” of Association, becoming VRIA. The authors found that the four conditions that form the here proposed acronym VRIA are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable/replaceable and association.

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Malhotra, Mohak, Amarpreet Singh Ghura, and Barun Thakur. "InterGlobe Aviation Ltd.: need for strategy." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-07-2020-0280.

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Learning outcomes Discussion of the case will enable the students to: ● use “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats” analysis. ● Use “pros and cons” analysis. ● Explain what constitutes an effective strategy. ● Analyze the quality of the strategy for IndiGo Airlines (IA). ● Explain sustained competitive advantage through value, rareness, imitability and organization framework. Case overview/synopsis This case describes a situation in which InterGlobe Aviation Ltd. (IGAL) has been experiencing multiple engine snags because of the faulty Pratt and Whitney engines. In a span of two years between June 2018 and January 2020, IGAL faced around 22 snags. IGAL is known to be one of the safest airlines in the world, the engine issue has tainted its reputation. In October 2019, in just one week IA faced four-engine snags, forcing the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) to come out with a guideline in November 2019. The faulty engines were to be replaced by January 31, 2020. If IA failed to complete the task by the given deadline then IA would have to ground around 70–80 aircraft. IA was way behind the deadline when on January 13, 2020, they received an email from DGCA mentioning an extension of the deadline to May 31, 2020. The purpose of this case is to provide an opportunity for the participants to take into consideration the data given for IA and make assumptions and resolve the dilemma through which Ronojoy Dutta (Dutta), the Chief executive officer if IA is going through. Complexity academic level The case engages the participants in deciding a suitable course of action for IA to develop a strategy and is ideal to teach elements of strategy. The case can be used in the following courses/programs: ● A strategy formulation module in strategic management program or post-graduate program in management. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

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RODRÍGUEZ POMEDA, JESÚS, PATRICIO MORCILLO ORTEGA, FERNANDO CASANI FERNÁNDEZ DE NAVARRETE, and JOSÉ MIGUEL RODRÍGUEZ ANTÓN. "TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCIES AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY: NEW CHALLENGES, NEW TOOLS." International Journal of Innovation Management 05, no. 04 (December 2001): 457–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919601000452.

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Recently, the electricity industry in Spain has experienced a deep transformation, aimed to improve the degree of concurrence between the operating firms. This change must be explained in the framework of the regional integration of markets with an European scale. The European Union is shaped as a relevant region in the world energy (and specifically, in electricity) market. Facing this change, the Spanish electricity firms must adopt a wider business vision, to cope with all the aspects of the new competitive environment in order to obtain business success. Firms, following the resource-based view, must generate and strengthen the competitive advantage derived from its core competencies. Those competencies, that constitutes the base for the inter-firm heterogeneity, are created (and evolve) from several mechanisms of organisational learning. Our research tries to show what the business vision of the Spanish electricity firms is, based on the efficient management of its personal, technological and organisational competencies. We have focused on technological competencies, because, in a more competitive scheme, they can support the sustained competitive advantage of the firm. So, we develop a model based on the Strategic Matrix of Technological Competencies (SMTC). The model is tested with a sample of 20 Spanish electricity firms (representing 71.25% of the industry total turnover in 1996). That matrix combines, in a dynamic sense, several scenarios and strategic business units in order to determine the critical technological competencies that the firm must master in each economic situation. The empirical analysis developed concludes (for the firms in the sample), among other issues, the existence of statistical relationships between certain technological competencies (as "Clean Use of Coal", "Advanced Technologies for Control and Communication", and "Electricity Transmission Technologies"), and several sources of competitive advantage (as the "The firm must difficult its resources' imitability"). In conclusion, facing the new competitive environment (in Spain and in the EU), technological competencies are considered by those firms as sources of competitive advantage. These competencies evolves using several organisational learning systems adopted by the firm. In this changing environment, the SMTC can be a relevant tool for the strategic management of the firms in the electricity industry.

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Rostina, Cut Nina. "SUMBERDAYA PENDORONG KEUNGGULAN BERSAING PERUSAHAAN." Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kajian Strategi Manajemen 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jbkan.v1i2.897.

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AbstractUnderstanding sources of sustained competitive advantage has become a major area of research in strategic management. Building on the assumptions that strategic resources are heterogeneously distributed across firms and that these differences are stable over time, this article examines the link between firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Four empirical indicator of the potential of firm resources to generate sustained competitive advantage- value, rareness, imitability, and substitutability- are discussed.Keywords: resources based view, kompetensi, sumberdaya

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27

Chen, Jin, Luyao Wang, and Guannan Qu. "Explicating the business model from a knowledge-based view: nature, structure, imitability and competitive advantage erosion." Journal of Knowledge Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (December 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-02-2020-0159.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the business model (BM) from a knowledge-based view (KBV), to interpret its nature and knowledge structure and to investigate the relationship between its imitability and the erosion of firm’s competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach Based on a systematic literature review, this study builds an integrated framework to explicate the nature and structure of the BM from a KBV. Moreover, on the analysis of two contrasting cases, the argument concerning the relationship between BM imitability and its strategic value is proposed, analyzed and supported. Findings The main finding of this study is that a BM can be viewed as a structured knowledge cluster that contains explicit and implicit parts. Its imitation is a dynamic process of knowledge diffusion across firm boundaries. Ceteris paribus, with a lower proportion of implicit knowledge, a BM is more likely to be imitated and the adopter’s competitive advantage is more likely to be eroded, and vice versa. Practical implications The proposed framework could provide managers with a deeper understanding of the nature and structure of the BM and help potential adopters develop a successful entry strategy by avoiding BMs that seem profitable but are incapable of maintaining competitive advantage. Originality/value As a complement to previous studies, the research conceptualizes the BM as a “structured knowledge cluster” to explicate its nature and knowledge structure from a KBV. The implicit part of the BM is explored, and its importance for the adopter’s competitive advantage is discussed and verified.

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Alsaedy, Amin. "PHonetcs." Journal Port Science Research, November 15, 2019, 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36371/port.2018.02.3.7.

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In this manuscript, I tried to prove that there is a relationship a many sound , phonetic semantic and the origin of the language is endowment from Allah almighty , so language has the in imitability of the Quran and the phonetic semantic using verses of the Quran . of which is attributed to the divine self with the angles and then to Adam's sons .This language is taught by Allah almighty to his creatures in a high level in sound phonetic semantic and eloquence He taught something that is at the top of the ranks of science and not as the mechanism of some of our scientists to . And the man is the one who puts them. Then I addressed the qualities of the voice and dividing them according to scientists for its semantic relationship to the phonetic semantic for letters.

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"Managing Complexity and Resource-Based Strategy Cases in the Implementation of Food Security Policy in Indonesia." Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques 8, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 1618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47277/jett/9(1)178.

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The main objective of this study is to explain managing complexity through the resource-based view as a strategy for the implementation of food security policy. Because the study so far still focused on the form, type, and its dimensions. The study uses a qualitative design and case study strategy to explain the implementation of food security policy. Techniques of data collection used were observation, depth-interviews, and documentation. Based on the matching patterns and time series analysis, managing the complexity of resource sharing in the implementation of food security policy is not effective. This happens because the resources owned by them are not integrated through the governance network. Besides, the governance network organization does not have a clear vision, so they also behave in a changing manner and controlling their resources. This is shown by each government agency controlling the funds for this program and the extension workers do not have the necessary expertise in the food diversification, rice, and animal food programs. Therefore, resource sharing strategies that have value, rareness, imperfect imitability, and organization can achieve successful implementation of this policy.

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Miethlich, Boris, and Anett G. Oldenburg. "The Employment of Persons with Disabilities as a Strategic Asset: A Resource-Based-View using the Value-Rarity-Imitability-Organization (VRIO) Framework." Journal of Eastern Europe Research in Business and Economics, September 11, 2019, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5171/2019.667087.

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Kone, J. K., and A. K. Onifade. "Toxicological Effect of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn." Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, January 18, 2021, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2020/v12i330207.

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Euphorbia heterophylla has been reported to possess enormous medicinal benefits hence there is a need for holistic research on its toxicological effects. Four different solvents (cold and hot water, chloroform and 80% methanol) were used to extract the aerial parts of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. Experimental albino rats were obtained from Federal University of Technology Akure’s Microbiology Department Animal House. Toxicological analysis of Euphorbia heterophylla extracts was carried out on the experimental albino rats. The animals were grouped into thirteen with three rats in a group different concentrations of the extracts were administered orally to different groups of the rats for a period of two weeks (14 days). Sterile distilled water was administered to the negative control group. During the 14 days of extracts administration, the animals were observed for clinical manifestations like salivation, nervousness, imitability, itching of the nose and diarrhoea. After the expiration of the two weeks, the animals were sacrificed and vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and intestine were harvested and examined for any degenerative changes and lesions. Blood samples were collected before and after the administration of the extracts to check for blood parameters (Packed Cell Volume (PCV), white blood cell count (total and differential), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and haemoglobin (Hb) estimation. The toxicological results of the extracts showed various degrees of abnormalities detected in the histopathological sections of the intestine, kidney and the heart. It was found that all the extracts at different concentrations burnt the intestinal walls of all the animals tested. There were significant reductions in the total white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophil counts while there was a significant increase in the lymphocytes count after the administration of the extracts. The findings of this study revealed that Euphorbia heterophylla had toxicological effects on the albino rats organs but increases there lymphocytes count, boosting their immune system, however advance researches to eliminate the toxic phytochemicals from the extract is recommended.

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Astana, I. Gusti Made Oka. "Strategies to Create Competitive Advantage Through Promotions at Samana Resto Villa and Catering." International Journal of Social Science and Business 5, no. 2 (June 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v5i2.33310.

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The purpose of this research is to create excellence compete at the Samana Resto Villa and Catering. Data collection techniques used in. This study uses documentation techniques and interview techniques with several informant. The results of this study explain that based on the results of the VRIO analysis (Valuable, Rarity, Imitability and Organization) obtained from interviews with several informants, it was found that there were 18 resource and capability in Samana Resto Villa and Caterings that can be specified are 8 tangible resource competencies and resources There are 6 intangibles while for the capabilities there are 4. Competencies owned Samana Resto Villa and Catering more from a resource aspect than capabilities because resource competencies are 14 and there are 4 competencies. Based on 18 resources and capability included in the highly rated category need a new strategy such as for the resources owned by Samana Resto Villa and Caterings there are strategies that can be done, namely from (1) Human resources, this strategy conducted by involving human resources in workshops, seminars or training regarding the Resto Villa and Catering industry as well as increasing the number of competent employees in the hospitality industry, (2) Facility (Wi-Fi) strategy can be done with maximize the use of the internet as a means of promoting the dissemination of information regarding Samana Resto Villa and Catering as well as a branding tool. (3) Location, to draw visitors are not only a strategic location but also need cooperation with travel parties and tour agents, because this strategy can be done as a means promotions and branding for the Samana Resto Villa and Catering. (4) The use of technology can done by leveraging android to increase promotion and increase services with android applications. While the strategy that can be done from the side Capabilities are (5) Service Skills with care improve employee abilities in serving visitors and improving language skills by following training. (6) networking skills, this can be done by increasing the number network and cooperation so as to create new networks and can improve number of visitors

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"Imitatio und Imitabilität. Zur Medialität von Legende und Legendenspiel." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 134, no. 2 (January 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pbb-2012-0006.

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