Academic literature on the topic 'Imitation theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Imitation theory"
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Javitch, Daniel. "The Imitation of Imitations in Orlando Furioso." Renaissance Quarterly 38, no. 2 (1985): 215–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2861663.
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Recent commentary on poetic imitation in the Renaissance has tended to emphasize competition, to value kinds of imitation that strive to surpass their models, and therefore to disregard or even deprecate modes of imitation that seem to consist of little more than respectful duplications. It has too readily assumed that imitative poets can only achieve originality by defying or somehow asserting their difference from their models. In the following essay I seek to challenge such assumptions by examining the practice of a major Renaissance poet who managed to assert his modern voice through imitatio while refusing to engage in competitive struggle. I do not mean to suggest that Renaissance poets were not given to competitive imitation. For purposes of subsequent contrast it is worth considering rapidly why emulation frequently did characterize the imitative practice of some of these poets.
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Solli, Mattias, Erling Aksdal, and John Pål Inderberg. "Learning Jazz Language by Aural Imitation: A Usage-Based Communicative Jazz Theory (Part 1)." Journal of Aesthetic Education 55, no. 4 (2021): 82–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jaesteduc.55.4.0082.
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Abstract How can imitation lead to free musical expression? This article explores the role of auditory imitation in jazz. Even though many renowned jazz musicians have assessed the method of imitating recorded music, no systematic study has hitherto explored how the method prepares for aural jazz improvisation. The article picks up an assumption presented by Berliner (1994), suggesting that learning jazz by aural imitation is “just like” learning a mother tongue. The article studies three potential stages in the method, comparing with imitative, rhythmic, multimodal, and protosymbolic behavior of infant perception (building on the works of Stern, Trevarthen, and Merleau-Ponty). The demonstrations of the aural-imitation method draw on pedagogic experiences accumulated since 1979 in the Jazz Program at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. By analyzing structures of behavior suggested by the method, the article indicates key traits that render aural jazz improvisation possible, such as a fundamental sense of rhythm, formation of symbolic behavior, joint musical attention, and the facility to “hear via the other.” In conclusion, we critically address a frequent theoretical model describing musical improvisation as a synthesis of discrete elements or building blocks.
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Solli, Mattias, Erling Aksdal, and John Pål Inderberg. "Learning Jazz Language by Aural Imitation: A Usage-Based Communicative Jazz Theory (Part 2)." Journal of Aesthetic Education 56, no. 1 (2022): 94–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/15437809.56.1.06.
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Abstract How can imitation lead to free musical expression? This article explores the role of auditory imitation in jazz. Even though many renowned jazz musicians have assessed the method of imitating recorded music, no systematic study has hitherto explored how the method prepares for aural jazz improvisation. The article uses Berliner's assumption that learning jazz by aural imitation is “just like” learning a mother tongue. The article studies three potential stages in the method, comparing them to the imitative, rhythmic, multimodal, and protosymbolic behavior of infant perception (building on the works of Stern, Trevarthen, and Merleau-Ponty). The demonstrations of the aural imitation method draw on pedagogic experiences accumulated since 1979 at the Jazz Program at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. By analyzing structures of behavior suggested by the method, the article indicates key traits that render aural jazz improvisation possible, such as a fundamental sense of rhythm, formation of symbolic behavior, joint musical attention, and the facility to “hear via the other.” In conclusion, we critically address a frequent theoretical model describing musical improvisation as a synthesis of discrete elements or building blocks.
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Jackson, Tony. "The Fascination of Imitation: What Social Neuroscience Reveals about Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" Style 57, no. 3 (2023): 273–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/style.57.3.0273.
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ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, social neuroscience has established imitation as an unconscious, constitutive element of human identity; to the point that one may reasonably say that human identity is imitative identity. This research has profound implications for the human fascination with imitation in general, as well as with specific kinds of imitation. For the imitative identity, imitation human beings are uniquely, but strangely fascinating. This may readily be seen from the long history of stories about humanly made imitation humans. Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is a major entry in the history of such stories. This article shows how social-neuroscientific findings about imitative identity can help us understand Dick’s novel.
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Bourkha, Bilal, and Younes Belfellah. "Inter-organizational imitation: Definition and typology." Accounting and Financial Control 1, no. 1 (2017): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/afc.01(1).2017.03.
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The sustained idea of this article is that the concept of imitation has not been sufficiently developed in the field of strategic management and has often been confused with the notion of mimicry. Therefore, the objective of this research is to emphasize the distinction between different types of imitation unlike a lot of research on companies imitative behavior focused on one type as the perfect imitation. This will clarify ambiguities in the literature on imitation, and show that the mobilization of neo institutional theory is not sufficient to explain all the imitative behavior of organizations in a market.
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Steinmüller, Hans. "Shanzhai: Creative Imitation of China in Highland Myanmar." positions: asia critique 30, no. 4 (2022): 895–921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-9967409.
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Abstract The Wa State of Myanmar is often called “shanzhai China,” that is, a lesser imitation of China. This essay unpacks the material and symbolic implications of creative imitation at the Chinese periphery, embodied in shanzhai 山寨 practices. Literally “mountain fortress,” shanzhai refers to the provenience of cheap brand imitations, made by mountain dwellers who cannot afford the original. The term is commonly used to describe creative and ironic brand imitation in the People's Republic of China today. Until the 1950s, the inhabitants of the Wa hills did indeed live in mountain fortresses—both a pragmatic necessity as well as a miniature repetition of Chinese imperial rule. The pragmatic limitations and creative potential of imitating China are shown for the cases of Maoism, authoritarian capitalism, and contemporary nationhood. Rather than an essentialized feature of Chinese cultural practice, the practices of shanzhai reveal that material and symbolic recombination are essential to creative imitation.
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Wohlschläger, Andreas, Merideth Gattis, and Harold Bekkering. "Action generation and action perception in imitation: an instance of the ideomotor principle." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1431 (2003): 501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1257.
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We review a series of behavioural experiments on imitation in children and adults that test the predictions of a new theory of imitation. Most of the recent theories of imitation assume a direct visual–to–motor mapping between perceived and imitated movements. Based on our findings of systematic errors in imitation, the new theory of goal–directed imitation (GOADI) instead assumes that imitation is guided by cognitively specified goals. According to GOADI, the imitator does not imitate the observed movement as a whole, but rather decomposes it into its separate aspects. These aspects are hierarchically ordered, and the highest aspect becomes the imitator's main goal. Other aspects become sub–goals. In accordance with the ideomotor principle, the main goal activates the motor programme that is most strongly associated with the achievement of that goal. When executed, this motor programme sometimes matches, and sometimes does not, the model's movement. However, the main goal extracted from the model movement is almost always imitated correctly.
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Lacca, Emanuele. "L’azione retta come mezzo di salvezza. Il De Imitatione Christi e la storia come profezia." Revista Portuguesa de Humanidades 25, no. 1 (2021): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rph/2021_25_1_043.
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This paper analyzes the theory of the right action proposed in De Imitatione Christi by its alleged author, Thomas of Kempis, through a close comparison with the earthly experience of Christ, to understand what is the right action for men, between oboedientia Dei and negotia mundi. Following these guidelines, it will be possible to reconstruct the anthropology in the background of the theology of imitatio, in order to understand how the text does not intend to suggest only a mere imitation of the experience of Christ, but also helps to establish an authentic one in its immanence, the Christian one.
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Aczel, Balazs, Bence Bago, and Andrei Foldes. "Is there evidence for automatic imitation in a strategic context?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1741 (2012): 3231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0500.
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Over the past decade, a compelling number of studies reported that observing an action makes the imitation of that action more likely. The automatic character of human imitative behaviour was often claimed, but rarely tested. The demonstration of the absence of conscious control has been attempted in a recent report claiming that imitation can occur in the rock–paper–scissors (RPS) game, where strategic players should avoid imitating their opponents. This surprising result could serve as strong evidence that humans imitate each other unconsciously. We find, however, that this conclusion is problematic. In addition to reviewing the original methods, in this work, we also replicated the experiment with double the sample size. Thorough examination of the original analyses and the results of the present replication do not support the original conclusion. In our view, testing the theory of automatic imitation in RPS games is a potentially promising avenue of exploration, yet the interpretation of the data requires further understanding of the subsidiary effects controlling the behaviour of the players.
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Guijarro Lasheras, Rodrigo. "Graphic analogies in the imitation of music in literature." Semiotica 2020, no. 236-237 (2020): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0107.
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AbstractMusic may have a strong influence on literature. Many novels have reflected this by thematizing music in many different ways. However, this engagement can also adopt the form of an imitation or a formal presence that does not actually require the text to say anything about music. This paper aims to explore some aspects of musical imitation in literature that have not been analyzed in depth. Departing from the approach developed by Werner Wolf, I propose a distinction between imitating and imitated elements that applies to any case of study. Furthermore, at the core of this article, I advocate for a fourth dimension that the imitation of music in literature may have and that should be added to word music, formal and structural analogies, and imaginary content analogies. I call this fourth category “graphic analogies.” It implies an imitation whose imitating element is the graphic, written aspect of the linguistic signifier. Finally, this leads to the idea that, in the case of the imitation of music in literature, there is not a necessary correlation between imitating and imitated elements.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Imitation theory"
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Mui, Rosetta Suet Ying. "Evaluation of a theory of imitation." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54736/.
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A series of experiments was conducted in order to evaluate a theory proposed by Heyes and Saggerson (2000) of how one animal is able to imitate the action of another animal. A fundamental assumption of the theory is that animal's are able to discriminate between the natural movements of other animals on the basis of dynamic cues created by the transition from one posture to another. The results from Experiment 1 to 3 revealed for the first time that pigeons and budgerigars are indeed sensitive to the dynamic cues created by different movements. These cues were shown to be effective with inverted images (Experiment 4), but not degraded, point-light images (Experiment 5). A further assumption of the theory is that imitation will be evident whenever one animal has the opportunity to observe the actions of another animal. This assumption gained support from the results of Experiment 7, but not Experiment 6. Overall the results lend strong support to the theory.
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Hyman, J. "The imitation of nature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384724.
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Shon, Aaron P. "Bayesian cognitive models for imitation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7013.
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vicario, eugenio. "Essays on Segregation, Minorities, and Imitation." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1107924.
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The thesis is composed by three chapters. The common theme of the three essays is the identification of long run equilibria of games played on regular networks where interactions are at local level. In the first and second chapter I contribute to distinct literatures applying technics and results from the literature on evolutionary game theory with local interactions. The study of economic segregation within towns, and the tendency of ethnic minorities to live in ethnic enclaves are at the center of the first and the second chapter respectively. In the third chapter a refinement of previous results in the theoretical literature on evolutionary game theory with local interactions is given. In the thesis I develop models with different specifications of revision opportunities, error models, and behavior of agents, which require different techniques for the selection of the long run equilibria. The spatial structure is common to the three chapters, in fact agents are deployed on lattices with periodic boundary conditions. In the first chapter the spatial structure is given by a two dimensional lattice, i.e a torus, in the third chapter a one dimensional lattice, i.e. a ring, is used, while in the second chapter I use both the specifications. The network is always fixed and exogenously given, and the concept of continuous neighborhood is used. Neighborhoods are said to be continuous when are based on the individual perception of agents. Each agent is in the middle of his own neighborhood, and then the neighborhoods of different agents may partially overlap but never coincide. This in contrast with the concept of bounded neighborhoods where agents belonging to the same neighborhood share all the neighbors. In this last case neighborhoods form a partition of the set of agents. Following the literature on continuous neighborhood the two main specifications are considered, in fact are used both the Moore and the Von Neumann neighborhoods in the two dimensional lattice. In the one dimensional lattice models different dimensions of the neighborhood are considered. In the first chapter agents move within the network exchanging position each other. In every period two agents are selected and switch position if both will be better off in the new neighborhood. Differently in the second and third chapter agents do not move within the network while instead they revise their strategy based on the strategies of neighbors. The timing of revision opportunities is another fundamental ingredient of the three models. In the first and the second chapter asynchronous revision opportunities are modeled, in fact in the first chapter only one couple per time has the possibility to switch position, while in the second chapter only one agent per turn revises the strategy. In the third chapter the revision opportunities are simultaneous, and all the agents revise their strategy in each period.
In the three chapter, as usual in evolutionary game theory, agents have bounded rationality. In fact agents have a myopic behavior, they are unable to make any prevision about the future states, and then revise their strategy only considering the actual state. In the third chapter a further level of irrationality is given by the fact that agents, instead
of best replying to the actual situation, as in the first and second chapter, imitate the action of the best performing neighbor. A stochastically stable state is a state that is observed with a positive probability in the long run in presence of a small perturbation. The perturbation is at the individual level, in fact each agent, in every moment, has a small but positive chance to make a decision differently from that prescribed by his behavioral rule. The perturbation in biology is used to model mutations, while in economics the noise is represented by mistakes and experimentations. Through the introduction of a small amount of noise is possible to define a perturbed transition matrix for which is possible to move from any state of the world to any other in a finite number of steps. In the first chapter the behavior of agents is described by a logit choice function, for which costly mistakes are less likely. Each agent has a positive probability to accept or not an exchange, depending on the variation of utility obtained with the exchange. The game can be described by a potential function defined on the set of strategies of agents, for which every change in the utility of agents is reflected in a variation of the potential function. Assuming the logit choice rule and in the presence of asynchronous revision opportunities, in a potential game the stochastically stable states coincide with states having maximum potential. In this setting is sufficient to study the potential function to select the set of long run equilibria.
In the second and third chapter a uniform error model is implemented. Each error can occur with the same probability, independently from how costly it is. In the second chapter three versions of the model are developed. In the first version there is not a spatial structure and interactions are at the global level. The identification of stochastically stable states is obtained using the technique developed by Young (1993), based on results by Freidlin and Wentzell (1984). At the basis of this technique there is the construction of rooted trees, made by the least resistance paths from each absorbing set to each other, where an absorbing set is a minimal set from which the unperturbed process can not escape. Between the paths connecting an absorbing set to another one the least resistance path is the one that is more likely to be observed. The summation of the resistance of all the least resistance paths ending in an absorbing set, E, and starting from all the other absorbing sets is the stochastic potential of the absorbing set E. The absorbing sets with minimal stochastic potential are the stochastically stable sets. The application is relatively simple having only two absorbing sets connected by only one path. In the second version of the model agents are deployed on a two dimensional lattice and interact only with a set of neighbors and the result is obtained via simulations. There are many advantages in the use of simulations, but also some limitations. In fact when the probability of a transition out from an absorbing set is very low it is unlikely to observe it during a simulation, and may be difficult to asses which transition is more likely. When the error rate is higher transitions are more likely but the perturbation may affect too much the dynamics. In the third version agents are deployed on one dimensional lattice, as in the third chapter. The radius coradius technique proposed by Ellison (2000) is used to identify the stochastically stable sets. The basic idea is to compute the radius and the coradius of all the absorbing sets and compare them. The radius represents how is difficult to leave the basin of attraction of an absorbing set, while the difficulty to enter into the basin of attraction of an absorbing set is measured by the coradius. The stochastically stable set of the model is contained in the subset of absorbing sets having radius greater then coradius.
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Assavapisitkul, Voravej, and Sataporn Bukkavesa. "Imitation as Organization’s Strategy." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6483.
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<p>Program: MIMA student – International business and Entrepreneurship</p><p>Course name: Master Thesis (EFO705)Title: Imitation as Organization’s StrategyAuthors: Voravej AssavapisitkulSataporn Bukkavesa</p><p>Supervisor: Sven-Åke NyströmProblem: Does imitation really benefit organization?</p><p>Purpose: The authors are writing this topic because the authors feel that this topic is not widely been investigated, moreover, it is a very interesting topic for the authors. According to the course literatures that the authors have read, the authors perceived that most of them focused on innovation and seems like they ignored or mentioned little on the topic of imitation and how can imitation benefits organization. Therefore, the authors are personally interested in the topic. The authors hope that the readers would gain more knowledge on the topic and would be able to apply with their business or study.</p><p>Method: Interpretivist; Documentary; Interview</p><p>Summary: In this Master Thesis, the authors have discussed several dimensions of imitation with examples. First, the authors discussed about imitation during the early stage of industrialization with the examples in Korea. This topic discussed of the opportunity provided through imitation process for the new firms to be able to catch up and compete with experienced firms. The next topic is on unique capability. Firms can apply imitation as their own capability that can prevent others’ imitation, moreover, they can become successful in the new market. Then the authors found that there are ways to imitate other firms’ knowledge legally in the form of strategic alliances. In the topic of creation of strategic alliances, the authors suggested four patterns of engagement that firms can select according to their objectives. Under the topic of firms experience, there are some empirical data supported that the degree of imitation has negative relationship with firms’ experience curve. Moreover, the authors discussed about the how competitors’ actions affect the firms to select different strategy of organization management in the topic of the choice of alliances and mergers and acquisitions by competitor’s move. Then the authors discussed about how successful were the imitations by reverse-engineering implemented by Korea’s electronics industry. Furthermore, the authors also provide examples of imitations in other industries. The next topic is limitation and prevention on imitation. Then the authors provided the reasons why do firms imitate. Moreover, the authors discussed about the factors that affect the speed of imitation process and show how the speed of imitation related to benefits and losses of the firms. Next, the authors suggested some successful strategies for product imitation. Then the authors discussed about the drawbacks of imitation with some examples. Finally, the authors provided the results and analysis of the interviews as primary data collection to show the success of firms that implemented imitations, people’s attitudes toward imitation, and the degree that originality and product origin can limit imitation.</p>
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Brown, Julie D. "Imitation, play and theory of mind in autism : an observational and experimental study." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2942.
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This observational and experimental study takes the Intersubjectivity Theory of Rogers and Pennington (1991), as the guiding line by which to investigate imitation in autism. A deficit in imitation in early childhood is the principal aspect of this theory which distinguishes it from other major theories such as those of Baron- Cohen et al. (1985) and Hobson (1986). With much debate over the existence of a general deficit in imitation, this study aimed first to test for different types of imitation (including those differentiated by Piaget (1962), such as vocal, immediate and deferred imitation) and second, to examine other deficits linked to imitation in Roger and Pennington's theory - emotion perception, joint attention, theory of mind and play. The effect of age was also investigated. Rogers and Pennington (1991) predicted that young autistic children would show a profile of deficits including impaired imitation, emotion sharing, joint attention and pretend play while older children and adults would show impaired "theory of mind", emotion sharing and language pragmatics, relative to controls. In an observational study autistic children and adults showed less social interaction with peers, more manipulative play, less symbolic play in some comparisons and less evidence of mental state understanding but few differences in imitation, compared to children with learning disabilities and normal 3-4 year old and 5-6 year old children. Virtually the same samples were then tested experimentally for the ability to imitate. This was done for (1) elicited imitation (including vocal, simple body movements and symbolic actions, with and without objects), (2) spontaneous, problem-solving imitation and (3) deferred imitation. In addition, spontaneous, elicited and instructed play was tested and visual perspective-taking, joint attention, false-belief and emotion recognition. No general deficit for imitation in school-age autistic children and autistic adults was found, although a younger group (CA 4 - 7 years) of autistic children did significantly worse on all aspects of the task. Scores were lower on deferred imitation and on spontaneous, problem-solving imitation for the autistic groups and certain categories of actions in the elicited task proved more difficult for the autistic children, namely those requiring symbolic ability. Previous findings on joint attention, false-belief and emotion perception were, for the most part, confirmed, although no links between any of these behaviours and imitation were evident from examination of individual profiles. In addition, a picture of inconsistency across tasks emerged. However, some evidence was found for Rogers and Pennington's theory at a crude level, in that it was the youngest children who had most problems with imitation, symbolic play, and emotion recognition, relative to controls. It is concluded that although imitation may be lacking in early autistic development, Rogers and Pennington's theory may not be an altogether satisfactory way of explaining its contribution to the autistic disorder and is, in fact, very difficult to test.
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Lallée, Stéphane. "Towards a distributed, embodied and computational theory of cooperative interaction." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10052/document.
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Les robots vont peu à peu intégrer nos foyers sous la forme d’assistants et de compagnons,humanoïdes ou non. Afin de remplir leur rôle efficacement ils devront s’adapter àl’utilisateur, notamment en apprenant de celui-ci le savoir ou les capacités qui leur fontdéfaut. Dans ce but, leur manière d’interagir doit être naturelle et évoquer les mêmesmécanismes coopératifs que ceux présent chez l’homme. Au centre de ces mécanisme setrouve le concept d’action : qu’est-ce qu’une action, comment les humains les reconnaissent,comment les produire ou les décrire ? La modélisation de toutes ces fonctionnalitésconstituera la fondation de cette thèse et permettra la mise en place de mécanismescoopératifs de plus haut niveau, en particulier les plan partagés qui permettent à plusieursindividus d’oeuvrer de concert afin d’atteindre un but commun. Finalement, je présenteraiune différence fondamentale entre la représentation de la connaissance chez l’homme etchez la machine, toujours dans le cadre de l’interaction coopérative : la dissociation possibleentre le corps d’un robot et sa cognition, ce qui n’est pas imaginable chez l’homme. Cettedissociation m’amènera notamment à explorer le « shared experience framework », unesituation dans laquelle une cognition artificielle centrale gère l’expérience partagée demultiples individus ayant chacun une identité propre. Cela m’amènera finalement àquestionner les différentes philosophies de l’esprit du point de vue de l’attribution d’unesprit à une machine et de ce que cela impliquerai quant à l’esprit humain<br>Robots will gradually integrate our homes wielding the role of companions, humanoids ornot. In order to cope with this status they will have to adapt to the user, especially bylearning knowledge or skills from him that they may lack. In this context, their interactionshould be natural and evoke the same cooperative mechanisms that humans use. At thecore of those mechanisms is the concept of action: what is an action, how do humansrecognize them, how they produce or describe them? The modeling of aspects of thesefunctionalities will be the basis of this thesis and will allow the implementation of higherlevel cooperative mechanisms. One of these is the ability to handle “shared plans” whichallow two (or more) individuals to cooperate in order to reach a goal shared by all.Throughout the thesis I will attempt to make links between the human development ofthese capabilities, their neurophysiology, and their robotic implementation. As a result ofthis work, I will present a fundamental difference between the representation of knowledgein humans and machines, still in the framework of cooperative interaction: the possibledissociation of a robot body and its cognition, which is not easily imaginable for humans.This dissociation will lead me to explore the “shared experience framework, a situationwhere a central artificial cognition manages the shared knowledge of multiple beings, eachof them owning some kind of individuality. In the end this phenomenon will interrogate thevarious philosophies of mind by asking the question of the attribution of a mind to amachine and the consequences of such a possibility regarding the human mind
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Evanson, Doris Muriel. "Imitation and inspiration : aspects of literary theory in early and middle-period platonic dialogues." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28219.
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Two theories of literature may be found in the dialogues of Plato: 1) the theory that the poet is inspired and his poetry the product of inspiration, and 2) the theory that the poet is an imitator and his poetry imitation. The two theories are distinct: inspiration is a theory of composition; imitation is a theory about the relation of language to its subject matter. Yet both theories are present in the Platonic corpus and in some cases in the same general context. This thesis will explore various aspects of these theories and will consider the problem of whether the two are in any way compatible. Our study will deal, in chronological order, with three of Plato's early and middle-period dialogues, the Ion, the Symposium, and the Republic.
The Ion treats explicitly the topic of poetic inspiration and contains implicitly the concept of poetic imitation. The theory of inspiration presented in this dialogue differs from the traditional view in two significant ways: 1) in its exaggerated portrayal of the possessed poet, and 2) in its exaggerated emphasis on the element of inspiration in the poetic process. Plato here presents an exaggerated theory of inspiration in order to emphasize the dangers inherent in poetry and to discredit the poets' claims to wisdom and knowledge. The theory of imitation implicit in this dialogue is similarly exaggerated and pejorative.
The Symposium repeats, with significant variations, the themes of the Ion. The inadequacy of the poet as regards wisdom is demonstrated in a literary agon between poet and philosopher. A new theory of inspiration is introduced, a theory of philosophic inspiration that transmutes and transcends the theory of poetic inspiration.
The Republic deals explicitly with the topic of imitation and implicitly with the subject of inspiration. The theory of poetic imitation presented in Book X is an exaggeration of an earlier concept: the imitative poet of Book X is an "imitator" in the lowest and most pejorative sense of the word. Plato here, as in the Ion, presents an exaggerated theory of literature in order to refute the exaggerated claims made by and for the poets. Elsewhere in the Republic there are suggestions of a higher and truer concept of literary creativity. Various passages indicate that Plato conceived of both a theory of philosophic imitation and a theory of philosophic inspiration.
In the Ion and in Book X of the Republic. Plato presents two diverse and incompatible theories in order to prove identical points. In both cases he exaggerates the deficiencies in order to emphasize the dangers of the poet and his poetry. Neither the theory of poetic inspiration in the Ion nor the theory of poetic imitation in Book X of the Republic is presented by Plato as a valid theory of literature.
In the Symposium and in various passages throughout the Republic. Plato presents a theory of inspiration, and a theory of imitation that are valid and compatible. Here, both inspiration and imitation are taken up into the realm of philosophy. Philosophic imitation is imitation of the Forms; philosophic inspiration is inspiration by the Forms. At this highest level the two theories of literature coalesce .and become one: the ideal Form is, for the philosopher-poet, both his object of imitation and his source of inspiration.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of<br>Graduate
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Grimes, David B. "Learning by imitation and exploration : Bayesian models and applications in humanoid robotics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6879.
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Hedlund, Jonas. "Essays in microeconomic theory." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/20509.
Full textBooks on the topic "Imitation theory"
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Kvadsheim, Reidar. The intelligent imitator: Towards an exemplar theory of behavioral choice. North-Holland, 1992.
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India, Export-Import Bank of. Innovation, imitation and North South trade: Economic theory and policy. Export-Import Bank of India, 2010.
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Branstetter, Lee. Intellectual property rights, imitation, and foreign direct investment: Theory and evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
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Wallbott, Harald G. Recognition of emotion from facial expression via imitation?: Some indirect evidence for anold theory. British Psychological Society, 1991.
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Cizek, Alexandru N. Imitatio et tractatio: Die literarisch-rhetorischen Grundlagen der Nachahmung in Antike und Mittelalter. M. Niemeyer Verlag, 1994.
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honoree, Shevchenko Taras 1814-1861, ed. Naslidui︠u︡chy Khrysta: Virui︠u︡chyĭ u Boha Taras Shevchenko = Imitating Christ : the faith of Taras Shevchenko. Vydavnyt︠s︡tvo imeni Oleny Telihy, 2013.
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Emmanuèle, Baumgartner, Leduc-Adine Jean-Pierre, Université de Paris III. Centre d'études du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance., and Centre d'études sur Zola et la naturalisme., eds. Moyen Age et XIXè siècle: Le mirage des origines : actes du colloque, Paris III-Sorbonne nouvelle, Paris X-Nanterre, 5 et 6 mai 1988. Centre de recherches du Département de français de Paris X Nanterre, 1990.
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Bishop, Tom, Gina Bloom, and Erika T. Lin, eds. Games and Theatre in Shakespeare's England. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723251.
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This collection of essays brings together theories of play and game with theatre and performance to produce new understandings of the history and design of early modern English drama. Through literary analysis and embodied practice, an international team of distinguished scholars examines a wide range of games—from dicing to bowling to roleplaying to videogames—to uncover their fascinating ramifications for the stage in Shakespeare’s era and our own. Foregrounding ludic elements challenges the traditional view of drama as principally mimesis, or imitation, revealing stageplays to be improvisational experiments and participatory explorations into the motive, means, and value of recreation. Delving into both canonical masterpieces and hidden gems, this innovative volume stakes a claim for play as the crucial link between games and early modern theatre, and for the early modern theatre as a critical site for unraveling the continued cultural significance and performative efficacy of gameplay today.
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Burrow, Colin. Imitating Authors. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838081.001.0001.
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Imitating Authors analyses the theory and practice of imitatio (the imitation of one author by another) from early Greek texts right up to recent fictions about clones and artificial humans. At its centre lie the imitating authors of the English Renaissance, including Ben Jonson and the most imitated imitator of them all, John Milton. Imitating Authors argues that imitation is not simply a matter of borrowing words, or of alluding to an earlier author. Imitators learn practices from earlier writers. They imitate the structures and forms of earlier writing in ways that enable them to create a new style which itself could be imitated. That makes imitation an engine of literary change. Imitating Authors also shows how the metaphors used by theorists to explain this complex practice fed into works which were themselves imitations, how those metaphors changed, and how they have come to influence present-day anxieties about imitation human beings and artificial forms of intelligence. It explores relationships between imitation and authorial style, its fraught connections with plagiarism, and how emerging ideas of genius and intellectual property changed how imitation was practised. Imitating Authors includes detailed discussion of authors who imitated (notably Virgil, Lucretius, Petrarch, Cervantes, Ben Jonson, Milton, Pope, Wordsworth, Mary Shelley, and Kazuo Ishiguro) and of the theory of imitating authors in Plato, Cicero, Quintilian, Longinus, Castiglione, the Ciceronian controversies of the sixteenth century, in legal and philosophical discourses of the Enlightenment, and in recent discussions about computer-generated poems.
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Butenko, Paul, and Edward Butenko. Imitation Theory of Actor's Transformation. Independently Published, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Imitation theory"
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Powell, Lindsey J., and Piotr Winkielman. "Watching Others Mirror: Explaining the Range of Third-Party Inferences from Imitation." In Automatic Imitation. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62634-0_16.
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AbstractImitation is important in social life, manifesting in various forms and serving diverse functions. This chapter concerns socially oriented imitation, wherein the imitator adopts others’ arbitrary or idiosyncratic behaviors primarily for social reasons. While this form of imitation impacts dyadic interactions, it’s also observable by third parties. We review evidence concerning third-party inferences from imitation across the lifespan, spanning from infancy to adulthood. We propose that a simple concept of social affiliation, embedded within an intuitive (naïve) psychological theory, accounts for the pattern of inferences drawn from observing imitation. Essentially, observers assume that imitators, by either imitating or not, reveal whether they adopt concern for the models’ utilities, encompassing their welfare and values. Young observers typically draw positive inferences from such imitative behaviors. However, as observers mature and master understanding of social dynamics, their inferences become increasingly nuanced. They take into account factors like intention, mutual knowledge, social skills, theory of mind, and social strategies. Consequently, this can lead observers to form negative inferences about the imitators and express a preference for non-imitators or counter-imitators. Our proposed explanation sheds light not only on inferences from third-party or first-party mimicry but also more broadly on the social inferences that guide our interpersonal interactions.
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Adank, Patti, and Hannah Wilt. "Common Coding of Speech Imitation." In Automatic Imitation. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62634-0_4.
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AbstractMost current speech scientists regard both speech perception and production to be tightly linked. Hearing or seeing speech results in the engagement of a covert imitative response, also referred to as automatic imitation. Current theories of speech and language processing firmly incorporate close connections between speech perception and speech production. For instance, the integrated theory of language production and comprehension assumes that listeners rely on an analysis-by-synthesis process during speech comprehension. This process is predicted to engage covert imitation, especially for familiar speech utterances. Behaviorally, covert imitation can be evaluated using a paradigm originally developed in cognitive psychology, the stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) paradigm. While most SRC experiments employ manual stimuli, a small but growing set of studies have been using speech stimuli to clarify how observing speech results in a covert imitative response. However, it is unclear if the integrated theory can explain the effects reported from speech SRC studies. Here, we evaluate to which extent the theory of event coding (TEC) can explain results from automatic imitation experiments with speech stimuli. TEC is a framework for action planning and action perception based on the ideomotor principle and common coding principles of action and perception. TEC offers a flexible framework for evaluating the link between action perception and action production but has to date not been applied to speech processing. In this chapter, we evaluated how well the integrated theory and TEC can explain current findings. We conclude that TEC can account for more published results than the integrated theory, but that neither theory can explain all findings. Recommendations are made for improvements to both theories.
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Brass, Marcel. "Automatic Imitation and the Correspondence Problem of Imitation: A Brief Historical Overview of Theoretical Positions." In Automatic Imitation. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62634-0_5.
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AbstractThe main aim of the current chapter is to situate automatic imitation in the broader historical context of research on the functional mechanisms underlying imitation. Intuitively, imitation is a very simple act: you do what you see. However, on closer inspection, the question arises as to how a perceptual representation of a movement can be transformed into a corresponding motor program (the so-called correspondence problem of imitation). Research on the correspondence problem has a long history in psychology. Three major theoretical approaches to solve the problem have been proposed: first, imitation has been conceptualized as an innate mechanism; second, from a learning theoretical perspective, imitation has been understood as the result of simple learning mechanism, equating imitation with any other learned behaviour. Finally, ideomotor theory has conceptualized imitation as the result of ideomotor learning distinguishing it from other learned behaviour. While automatic imitation was originally developed in the context of ideomotor theory, it has also been used to support learning theoretical approaches to the correspondence problem. Almost 25 years of research on automatic imitation have not solved the correspondence problem but have provided cognitive psychology with a valuable tool to experimentally investigate imitative behaviour and to bridge the gap between cognitive and social-psychological approaches to imitation.
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Kämpf, Maike Salazar, and Cornelia Exner. "Mimicry in Psychological Disorders and Psychotherapy." In Automatic Imitation. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62634-0_15.
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AbstractMimicry plays an important role in social interactions. Problems in social interactions are both diagnostic criteria as well as risk factors of psychological disorders. An interesting hypothesis is that mimicry behavior of people with psychological disorders is different compared to people who are not suffering from a psychological disorder, and that this contributes to their problems in social interactions which in turn may worsen symptomatology and may have consequences for the therapeutic process. In this chapter we summarize existing studies on mimicry and akin phenomena in psychotherapy and related contexts (like counseling). As the evidence is sparse, we present four theoretical approaches to mimicry (the theory on perception-action-coupling, the embodiment theory, the social glue approach, and the social regulator theory), from which we derive ideas on how mimicry might affect different psychological disorders and the therapeutic process. Afterwards, we shortly recapitulate the evidence on mimicry in clinical populations. Most studies investigating clinical populations use video or picture stimuli, which might not be transferable to an interactional setting. Therefore, evidence on social mimicry needs to be broadened systematically in interactional psychotherapeutic settings with different clinical samples, as it could be an important source for clinical diagnosis and intervention in psychotherapy. In sum, mimicry seems to be a promising area for psychotherapy research and practice.
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Goldsmith, Benjamin E. "A Theory of Imitation in Foreign Policy." In Imitation in International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403980489_3.
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Macqueen, Susy, and Ute Knoch. "Chapter 4. Adaptive imitation." In Complex Dynamic Systems Theory and L2 Writing Development. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lllt.54.04mac.
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Hsü, Ginger Cheng-chi. "Imitation and Originality, Theory and Practice." In A Companion to Chinese Art. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118885215.ch14.
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Darda, Kohinoor M., and Richard Ramsey. "The Promise and Pitfalls of Studying the Neurophysiological Correlates of Automatic Imitation." In Automatic Imitation. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62634-0_6.
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AbstractThe automatic copying of other people—automatic imitation—is one of the most widely studied topics in psychology. In this chapter, we review current evidence for the neurophysiological correlates of automatic imitation. To do so, we focus on one heavily used and influential paradigm that manipulates stimulus-response compatibility and is conducive to investigation using neuroscientific methods. We distinguish between two distinct mental processes that occur during imitation: action representation and action selection. Observed actions are perceived and represented and a particular action needs to be selected to be executed. Neuroscientific evidence concerning action representation appears relatively robust and engages a widespread and distributed network of visual and motor regions that span the ventral visual stream, as well as frontoparietal cortex. In contrast, the neurophysiological correlates of action selection during imitation are far from clear. The dominant view in the literature is that this particular task indexes processes relating to the control of automatic imitative tendencies, which rely on a self-other distinction mechanism that is uniquely tied to human social interaction and engages the theory-of-mind network. However, our analysis shows that this claim lacks essential evidence for four forms of validity (construct, internal, external, and statistical-conclusion validities). Instead, given current evidence, the best estimate is that this task engages domain-general forms of control that are underpinned by the multiple-demand network. For claims to be supported regarding socially specific forms of control when using this task, there is a burden of proof on researchers to show robust evidence for each of the four validities that we have outlined. Fortunately, with the emergence of the meta-science movement over the past 10 years, there are more resources than ever to help achieve this aim. More generally, even though we focus on one imitation task to provide a thorough test-case example, given the widespread and well-established lack of validity in psychology in general, we fully expect our analysis to be relevant across the full range of imitation tasks covered in this book, including imitation of speech, gestures, and emotions.
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Nadel, Jacqueline. "5. Some reasons to link imitation and imitation recognition to theory of mind." In Simulation and Knowledge of Action. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.45.10nad.
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Borchers, H. J. "Imitation of Symmetries in Local Quantum Field Theory." In Symmetries in Science V. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3696-3_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Imitation theory"
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Kishky, Mahmoud, Hesham Eraqi, and Khaled Elsayed. "End-to-End Steering for Autonomous Vehicles via Conditional Imitation Co-Learning." In 16th International Conference on Neural Computation Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0013069900003837.
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Tanabayeva, Anar, Alina Urazova, and Adiya Kosseit. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ART." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/vs16/93.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has changed paradigms of creativity and art, raising questions about the capacity of machines to create works that evoke emotional response and possess originality. This article explores whether AI systems can create �real� art and what this means in terms of philosophy, aesthetics and cultural norms. Examples of AI art such as �Theatre D�opera Spatial� and �Portrait of Edmond de Belamy� are analyzed to assess their emotional and artistic value. The question of originality of AI art is discussed through the lens of copyright, imitation theory and cultural perceptions, providing a deeper understanding of how AI affects traditional notions of creativity.
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Amend, Andre, Degang Wu, and Kwok Yip Szeto. "Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with Partial Imitation in Noisy Environments." In International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005075402280235.
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Zhang, Tingting, and Wenfu Zheng. "Explore the driving factors behind the imitation and innovative imitation of Chinese Internet companies: A perspective of institutional theory." In 2013 6th International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2013.6703184.
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Saunders, Joe, Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, and Kerstin Dautenhahn. "What is an Appropriate Theory of Imitation for a Robot Learner?" In 2008 ECSIS Symposium on Learning and Adaptive Behaviors for Robotic Systems (LAB-RS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lab-rs.2008.23.
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Arсhybasov, Maxim. "Determinants of social imitation of political actors of modern Russia in the virtual space." In Actual problems of communication: theory and practice. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/apktip-2021-12-25.1.
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Syahputri, Rezyana Budi, Pawito Pawito, and Bhisma Murti. "Application of Social Cognitive Theory on The Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Madiun, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.58.
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Background: Exclusive breastfeeding can reduce child mortality. The achievement of exclusive breastfeeding has not reached the expected number due to various factors. This study aims to examine the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice in Madiun, East Java. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Madiun, from February to May 2020. A sample of 200 lactating mothers was selected randomly. The dependent was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were health promotion program, observational learning, role model, vicarious learning, imitation, positive attitude, outcome expectation, self-regulation, self-efficacy, and reinforcing. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding increased with following health promotion in exclusive breastfeeding program (OR= 2.76; 95% CI= 1.05 to 7.25; p= 0.039), high observational learning (OR= 3.33; 95% CI= 1.27 to 8.71; p= 0.014), strong role model (OR= 3.43; 95% CI= 1.10 to 10.67; p= 0.033), high vicarious learning (OR= 3.83; 95% CI= 1.31 to 11.12; p= 0.014), strong imitation (OR= 2.98; 95% CI= 1.19 to 7.48; p= 0.020), positive attitude (OR= 3.14; 95% CI= 1.03 to 9.60; p= 0.044), positive outcome expectation (OR= 3.56; 95% CI= 1.30 to 9.79; p= 0.014), strong self-regulation (OR= 2.59; 95% CI= 1.10 to 6.07; p= 0.028), strong self-efficacy (OR= 4.91; 95% CI= 1.84 to 13.11; p= 0.001), and reinforcing (OR=3.42; 95% CI= 1.17 to 10.01; p= 0.024). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding increases with following health promotion in exclusive breastfeeding program, high observational learning, strong role model, high vicarious learning, strong imitation, positive attitude, positive outcome expectation, strong self-regulation, strong self-efficacy, and reinforcing. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, health promotion, social cognitive theory Correspondence: Rezyana Budi Syahputri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: rezyanabs@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282325750134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.58
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Vozniak, Igor, Matthias Klusch, André Antakli, and Christian Müller. "InfoSalGAIL: Visual Attention-empowered Imitation Learning of Pedestrian Behavior in Critical Traffic Scenarios." In 12th International Conference on Neural Computation Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010020003250337.
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Yokota, Masao. "A Theoretical Consideration on Artificial Imitation Based on Mental Image Directed Semantic Theory." In 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINAW'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ainaw.2007.60.
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Yuan, Yupeng, and Chenxi Zhu. "Imitation and Theory of Mind in Autism: A Review of Mirror Neuron System." In 2021 International Conference on Public Relations and Social Sciences (ICPRSS 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211020.146.
Full textReports on the topic "Imitation theory"
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Branstetter, Lee, Raymond Fisman, C. Fritz Foley, and Kamal Saggi. Intellectual Property Rights, Imitation, and Foreign Direct Investment: Theory and Evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13033.
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Morkun, Volodymyr, Natalia Morkun, Andrii Pikilnyak, Serhii Semerikov, Oleksandra Serdiuk, and Irina Gaponenko. The Cyber-Physical System for Increasing the Efficiency of the Iron Ore Desliming Process. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4373.
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It is proposed to carry out the spatial effect of high-energy ultrasound dynamic effects with controlled characteristics on the solid phase particles of the ore pulp in the deslimer input product to increase the efficiency of thickening and desliming processes of iron ore beneficiation products. The above allows predicting the characteristics of particle gravitational sedimentation based on an assessment of the spatial dynamics of pulp solid- phase particles under the controlled action of high-energy ultrasound and fuzzy logical inference. The object of study is the assessment of the characteristics and the process of control the operations of thickening and deslaming of iron ore beneficiation products in the conditions of the technological line of the ore beneficiation plant. The subject of study is a cyber-physical system based on the use of high-energy ultrasound radiation pressure effects on iron-containing beneficiation products in the technological processes of thickening and desliming. The working hypothesis of the project is that there is a relationship between the physical-mechanical and chemical-mineralogical characteristics of the iron ore pulp solid- phase particles and their behavior in technological flows under the influence of controlled ultrasonic radiation, based on which the imitation modeling of the gravitational sedimentation process of the iron ore pulp solid-phase particles can be performed directly in the technological process. Also, the optimal control actions concerning the processes of thickening and desliming can be determined.
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Connors, Caitlin, Melanie Cohen, Sam Saint-Warrens, et al. Psychologies of Food Choice: Public views and experiences around meat and dairy consumption. Food Standards Agency, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.zoc432.
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This report presents findings drawn from qualitative remote ethnography research with 24 UK participants conducted during July and August 2021, plus nine peer-to-peer interviews conducted by main sample participants with their friends and family. This research aimed to build on existing evidence in this area to fill gaps and provide an up-to-date snapshot of UK public experiences. Areas of focus included: Motivations for dietary choices Any gaps between consumer intention and behaviour Trade-offs and contextual differences (e.g. in vs. out-of home behaviours) The roles of specialist diets, substitution approaches, alternatives and ‘imitations’, locally/UK sourced meat and dairy, socio-demographics, culture and family Impact and role of food labelling and terminology The sample represented a range of variables including age, gender, nationality (England, Wales, Northern Ireland), urbanity/rurality, lifestage and household composition - and dietary profile (carnivore, ‘cutting down,’ vegetarian, vegan). This report was informed by an evidence review by the University of Bath on the factors underpinning the consumption of meat and dairy among the general public.
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Soroko, Nataliia V., Lorena A. Mykhailenko, Olena G. Rokoman, and Vladimir I. Zaselskiy. Educational electronic platforms for STEAM-oriented learning environment at general education school. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3884.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the use of educational electronic platform for the organization of a STEAM-oriented environment of the general school. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use of educational electronic platforms for organizing the STEAM-oriented school learning environment and to identify the basic requirements for supporting the implementation and development of STEAM education in Ukraine. One of the main trends of education modernization is the STEAM education, which involves the integration between the natural sciences, the technological sciences, engineering, mathematics and art in the learning process of educational institutions, in particular, general school. The main components of electronic platform for education of the organization STEAM-oriented educational environment should be open e-learning and educational resources that include resources for students and resources for teachers; information and communication technologies that provide communication and collaboration among students; between teachers; between students and teachers; between specialists, employers, students, and teachers; information and communication technologies that promote the development of STEAM education and its implementation in the educational process of the school; online assessment and self-assessment of skills and competences in STEAM education and information and communication technologies fields; STEAM education labs that may include simulators, games, imitation models, etc.; STEAM-oriented educational environment profiles that reflect unconfirmed participants’ data, their contributions to projects and STEAM education, plans, ideas, personal forums, and more. Prospects for further research are the design of an educational electronic platform for the organization of the STEAM-oriented learning environment in accordance with the requirements specified in the paper.
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Aiginger, Karl, Andreas Reinstaller, Michael Böheim, et al. Evaluation of Government Funding in RTDI from a Systems Perspective in Austria. Synthesis Report. WIFO, Austria, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2009.504.
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In the spring of 2008, WIFO, KMU Forschung Austria, Prognos AG in Germany and convelop were jointly commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth to perform a systems evaluation of the country's research promotion and funding activities. Based on their findings, six recommendations were developed for a change in Austrian RTDI policy as outlined below: 1. to move from a narrow to a broader approach in RTDI policy (links to education policy, consideration of the framework for innovation such as competition, international perspectives and mobility); 2. to move from an imitation to a frontrunner strategy (striving for excellence and market leadership in niche and high-quality segments, increasing market shares in advanced sectors and technology fields, and operating in segments of relevance for society); 3. to move from a fragmented approach to public intervention to a more coordinated and consistent approach(explicit economic goals, internal and external challenges and reasoning for public intervention); 4. to move from a multiplicity of narrowly defined funding programmes to a flexible, dynamic policy that uses a broader definition of its tasks and priorities (key technology and research segments as priority-action fields, adequate financing of clusters and centres of excellence); 5. to move from an unclear to a precisely defined allocation of responsibilities between ministries and other players in the field (high-ranking steering group at government level, monitoring by a Science, Research and Innovation Council); 6. to move from red-tape-bound to a modern management of public intervention (institutional separation between ministries formulating policies and agencies executing them, e.g., by "progressive autonomy").
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Syvash, Kateryna. AUDIENCE FEEDBACK AS AN ELEMENT OF PARASOCIAL COMMUNICATION WITH SCREEN MEDIA-PERSONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11062.
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Parasocial communication is defined as an illusory and one-sided interaction between the viewer and the media person, which is analogous to interpersonal communication. Among the classic media, television has the greatest potential for such interaction through a combination of audio and visual series and a wide range of television content – from newscasts to talent shows. Viewers’ reaction to this product can be seen as a defining element of parasociality and directly affect the popularity of a media person and the ratings of the TV channel. In this article we will consider feedback as part of parasocial communication and describe ways to express it in times of media transformations. The psychological interaction «media person – viewer» had been the focus of research by both psychologists and media experts for over 60 years. During the study, scientists described the predictors, functions, manifestations and possible consequences of paracommunication. One of the key elements of the formed parasocial connections is the real audience reaction. Our goal is to conceptualize the concept of feedback in the paradigm of parasocial communication and describe the main types of reactions to the media person in long-term parasocial relationships. The research focuses on the ways in which the viewer’s feedback on the television media person is expressed, bypassing the issue of classifying the audience’s feedback as «positive» and «negative». For this purpose, more than 20 interdisciplinary scientific works on the issue of parasocial interaction were analyzed and their generalization was carried out. Based on previous research, the types and methods of feedback in the television context are separated. With successful parasocial interaction, the viewer can react in different ways to the media person. The type of feedback will directly depend on the strength of the already established communication with the media person. We distinguish seven types of feedback and divide them into those that occur during or after a television show; those that are spontaneous or planned; aimed directly at the media person or third parties. We offer the following types of feedback from TV viewers: «talking to the TV»; telling about the experience of parasocial communication to others; following on social networks; likes and comments; imitation of behavior and appearance; purchase of recommended brands; fanart.