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Trifu, Simona, Elena-Alexandra Neacșa, Ștefania-Elena Neagoe, and Andreea-Simina Ojică. "HISTRIONIC IMMATURE PERSONALITY DISORDER." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 3 (April 8, 2021): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i3.2021.3801.
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Background: We aim at presenting a clinical case of a 37-year-old patient, who has been a nun for several years and at the moment can no longer adapt to the environment in which she lives and to the requirements of everyday life. The perspective of this analysis is both a psychiatric one, explaining the diagnosis of Axis II of Histrionic Immature Personality Disorder, but also the overlap with dissociative conversion disorder, and explanatory from a psychodynamic perspective, by addressing the regression issues and the presence of the Oedipus Complex.
Histrionic Immature Personality Disorder and its overlap with Dissociative/Conversion Disorder are conditions with negative effects in terms of adaptation to the social environment and assuming professional responsibilities. Also, the particularities in the sphere of immaturity make it difficult to relate to those around.
Method: Hospitalization, psychiatric interview, psychodynamic interview, psychological tests - CAQ Personality Questionnaire and the Szondi Test, psychodynamic interpretations.
Results: The results highlight aspects of an immature premorbid personality, characterized by a high degree of sensitivity. Currently, the patient's ego is fragile and cannot adapt to the emotional meanings in the environment in which she lives, which leads to functional crises and manifestations such as dissociative fugue.
Conclusions: Dissociative manifestations are associated with immaturity and reduced ability to adapt to professional requirements. On a personal level, the same immaturity leads to the denial of one's sexuality and projection.
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Besser, Avi. "SELF- AND BEST-FRIEND ASSESSMENTS OF PERSONALITY VULNERABILITY AND DEFENSES IN THE PREDICTION OF DEPRESSION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 32, no. 6 (January 1, 2004): 559–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.6.559.
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The associations are explored between personality vulnerability and the use of defense mechanisms in the prediction of depression. A nonclinical community sample of 187 respondents and their same-sex best friends reported on participants' personality vulnerability factors (Self-criticism, Dependency and Efficacy), defense mechanisms (Mature, Immature and Emotion-avoiding), and depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale: CES-D; Radloff, 1977). It was found that Mature defenses were associated only with Efficacy. Extensive use of Immature and Emotion-avoiding defenses was associated with vulnerability to depression. Furthermore, Immature defenses interacted with personality vulnerabilities. Specifically, highly self-critical participants who reported low levels of Immature defense were less depressed than were participants high on both Self-criticism and Immature defense. High Immature defense scores mediated the effect of Dependency on depression. Finally, more severe vulnerability was found when targets both rated themselves and were rated by their best friends as higher on Dependency and/or on Emotion-avoiding defenses. The implications of these findings for the study of the role of defense mechanisms in personality configurations and their susceptibility to depression, as well as for the use of multisource assessment strategies in the study of personality, are discussed. Finally, the practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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MULDER, R. T., P. R. JOYCE, P. F. SULLIVAN, C. M. BULIK, and F. A. CARTER. "The relationship among three models of personality psychopathology: DSM-III-R personality disorder, TCI scores and DSQ defences." Psychological Medicine 29, no. 4 (July 1999): 943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799008533.
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Background. Current systems of describing personality pathology have significant shortcomings. A polydiagnostic approach is used to study the relationship between psychological, psychoanalytical and psychopathological models of personality.Methods. The subjects were 256 patients enrolled in treatment studies of major depression and bulimia nervosa. Subjects were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DMS-III-R personality disorders (SCID-II).Results. Subjects had high rates of DSM-III-R personality disorders with 52% having at least one personality disorder. Cluster A personality disorders were correlated with low reward dependence, high harm avoidance and low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster B personality disorders were related to high novelty seeking and low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster C personality disorders were correlated with high harm avoidance and low novelty seeking and low self-directedness. Immature defences were related to DSM-III-R personality symptoms, but individual defences were not related to personality clusters in a predictable way. Immature defences were strongly related to low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Both TCI self-directedness scores and immature defence scores were moderately predictive of the presence and number of personality disorders.Conclusion. A widely accepted clinical nosology (DSM-III-R personality disorders) rated using a clinical interview correlates reasonably predictably with two theoretical models derived from different paradigms and rated using self-reports. This might be seen as providing concurrent validity for all three models. However, serious methodological shortcomings confront studies of this type, including sample selection and measurement of personality dysfunction. One way to begin to resolve these problems is to study which personality measures are best related to treatment response and prognosis.
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Martínez, Ruth, Carmen Senra, José Fernández-Rey, and Hipólito Merino. "Sociotropy, Autonomy and Emotional Symptoms in Patients with Major Depression or Generalized Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Rumination and Immature Defenses." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 5716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165716.
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The relationships between dimensions of personality (sociotropy and autonomy), coping strategies (rumination: brooding and reflection subtypes, and immature defenses) and symptoms of depression and anxiety were explored in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). A total of 279 patients completed questionnaires including measures of personality dimensions, rumination, immature defenses, depression and anxiety. Our findings suggested that sociotropy and autonomy may be associated with both depressive and anxious symptoms in patients with MDD and with GAD. Multiple mediation analyses indicated that brooding always acted as a mediating link between personality vulnerabilities (sociotropy and autonomy) and depressive and anxiety symptoms, independently of the patient group. In addition, in patients with MDD and those with GAD, brooding and immature defenses functioned together by linking sociotropy and autonomy, respectively, with depressive symptoms. Our results also showed that, in patients with GAD, both types of rumination explained the relationship between sociotropy and autonomy and anxiety symptoms. Overall, our findings provided evidence of the transdiagnostic role of the brooding, linking the vulnerability of personality dimensions and emotional symptoms. They also indicated that reflection and immature defenses can operate in conjunction with brooding, depending on the type of vulnerability and emotional context.
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Klimstra, Theo A., William W. Hale, Quinten A. W. Raaijmakers, and Wim H. J. Meeus. "Hypermaturity and Immaturity of Personality Profiles in Adolescents." European Journal of Personality 26, no. 3 (May 2012): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.825.
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Five–year longitudinal data on a cohort of early to middle adolescents ( N = 923) and a cohort of middle to late adolescents ( N = 390) were used to examine the correlates of hypermaturity (i.e. 12–year–olds with a personality profile resembling the profile of an average 20–year–old) and immaturity (i.e. 20–year–olds with a personality profile resembling the profile of an average 12–year–old) of personality. Analyses revealed that girls with high levels of hypermaturity exhibited high levels of internalizing problem behaviour and conflict with parents, while hypermaturity in boys was only associated with internalizing problems. Immature girls had low levels of anxiety and high levels of minor delinquency, whereas immature boys reported low levels of anxiety and high levels of physical maturity. These findings suggest that off–time personality development is an interesting concept deserving further exploration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Gori, Alessio, Eleonora Topino, Letizia Palazzeschi, and Annamaria Di Fabio. "Which personality traits can mitigate the impact of the pandemic? Assessment of the relationship between personality traits and traumatic events in the COVID-19 pandemic as mediated by defense mechanisms." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): e0251984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251984.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant influence on the lives of people around the world and could be a risk factor for mental health diseases. This study aimed to explore the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying patterns related to post-traumatic symptoms by considering personality and defensive styles. Specifically, it was hypothesized that neuroticism was negatively associated with impact of event, as opposed to extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness traits. The mediation role of mature, neurotic, and immature defenses in these relationships was also investigated. This study involved 557 Italian individuals (71.3% women, 28.7% men; Mage = 34.65, SD = 12.05), who completed an online survey including the Impact of Event Scale—Revised, Forty Item Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) and Ten Item Personality Inventory. Results showed a nonsignificant effect for extraversion and openness on impact of event. The negative influence of neuroticism was instead confirmed in a partial parallel mediation involving significant effects from immature and neurotic defenses in the indirect path. Finally, agreeableness and conscientiousness delineated two protective pathways regarding impact of event, determining two total parallel mediation models in which both these personality traits were negatively associated with immature defensive styles, and conscientiousness was also positively related to mature defenses. These findings provide an exploration post-traumatic symptom patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, involving the big five personality traits and defense mechanisms. These results may be useful for developing interventions, treatments, and prevention activities.
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Jean-Xavier, C., G. Z. Mentis, M. J. O'Donovan, D. Cattaert, and L. Vinay. "Dual personality of GABA/glycine-mediated depolarizations in immature spinal cord." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 27 (June 25, 2007): 11477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704832104.
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Simeon, Daphne, Dorothy Nelson, Rachela Elias, Jennifer Greenberg, and Eric Hollander. "Relationship of Personality to Dissociation and Childhood Trauma in Borderline Personality Disorder." CNS Spectrums 8, no. 10 (October 2003): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285290001912x.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Dissociation is a prominent feature in some individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet our understanding of the meanings and implications of prominent dissociation in BPD remains limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dissociation and childhood trauma in BPD and to explore the relationships of dissociation and trauma to various personality features of BPD.Methods:Twenty BPD subjects and 24 healthy comparison subjects of similar age and gender were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire—short form, the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Defense Style Questionnaire, the Relationship Style Questionnaire, and the Schema Questionnaire.Results:The BPD group exhibited greater dissociation and childhood trauma, as well as greater pathology in most personality variables, compared with the healthy group. Dissociation in BPD was not significantly related to total childhood trauma, but only to emotional neglect, which accounted for 23% of the variance in dissociation scores.Conclusion:Within the BPD group, dissociation was associated with fearful attachment and immature defenses, while total childhood trauma and emotional neglect were associated with overconnection and disconnection schemata. This is a preliminary study with a small sample size, yet the correlates of dissociation in BPD merit further investigation.
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VanValkenburg, C., S. Lilienfeld, and H. S. Akiskal. "The impact of familial personality disorder and alcoholism on the clinical features of depression." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 2, no. 3 (January 1, 1987): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00004284.
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SummaryWe compared patients with DSD or depression spectrum disease (family history positive for alcoholism or antisocial personality disorder in a first degree relative) to other depressives. DSD patients were likely to be diagnosed as having antisocial or borderline personality disorder, to be alcoholics, amphetamine abusers, or hysterics. They had more chronic depressive features, including hostility and self-pitying, bad-tempered, labile, and irritable mood, and they were nervous, worrisome, immature, overly dependent, and had tempestuous relationships. Their depressions were usually described as “reactive”, but their social outcomes were more likely to be poor.
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Loas, G., A. Seillier, and C. Fréville. "Psychoaffective Immaturity in Psychiatric Disorders." Psychological Reports 88, no. 1 (February 2001): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.1.111.
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This study investigated the prevalence of psychoaffective immaturity and tested the hypothesis that it associated with bad prognosis. For 135 psychiatric patients meeting criteria for personality, neurotic, affective, substance use, or psychotic disorders emotional immaturity was rated using the 1985 diagnostic criteria of Doutheau, Dubertret, Moutin, and Barrois. 58 subjects (42.96%, 95% Confidence Interval: 34.61–51.31) were classified as immature. Scores of the Nonimmature and Immature groups were compared for the Beck Depression Inventory and the Professional and Social Functioning Assessment Scale. Scores were, respectively, significantly higher and lower in those patients classified as Immature than those who were classified Nonimmature. When depression was controlled by a covariance analysis, the mean difference on the Professional and Social Functioning Assessment Scale remained significant. It appears that psychoaffective immaturity is a factor associated with severity of psychiatric disorders.
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Muquebil Ali Al Shaban Rodriguez, O. W., J. R. López Fernández, C. Huergo Lora, S. Ocio León, M. J. Hernández González, A. Alonso Huerta, M. Gómez Simón, et al. "Personality Disorders and Suicide Attempts." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1867.
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IntroductionThe personality disorders are defined according to the DSM-5 like “an enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's cultures. These patterns develop in adolescence and the beginning of adulthood, and are associated with significant distress or disability”. The personality disorders can be a risk factor for different processes of the psychiatric pathology like suicide. The personality disorders are classified in 3 groups according to the DSM-5:– cluster A (strange subjects): paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal;– cluster B (immature subjects): antisocial, bordeline, histrionic and narcissistic;– cluster C (frightened subjects): avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive.AimsTo describe the influence of personality disorders in suicide attempts.MethodologyExhibition of clinical cases.ResultsIn this case report, we exhibit three clinical cases of suicide attempts which correspond to a type of personality disorder belonging to each of the three big groups of the DSM-5 classification, specifically the paranoid disorder of the cluster A, the disorder borderline of cluster B and the obsessive compulsive of cluster C.ConclusionsThe personality disorders have a clear relation with the suicide attempts, increasing this influence in some of them, especially the borderline personality disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Rothmund, Tobias, Anna Baumert, and Manfred Schmitt. "Can Network Models Represent Personality Structure and Processes Better than Trait Models Do?" European Journal of Personality 26, no. 4 (July 2012): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1875.
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We argue that replacing the trait model with the network model proposed in the target article would be immature for three reasons. (i) If properly specified and grounded in substantive theories, the classic state–trait model provides a flexible framework for the description and explanation of person × situation transactions. (ii) Without additional substantive theories, the network model cannot guide the identification of personality components. (iii) Without assumptions about psychological processes that account for causal links among personality components, the concept of equilibrium has merely descriptive value and lacks explanatory power. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Belikova, Ekaterina Vasilyevna, Evgenii Georgievich Efremov, Nataliy Alekseevna Efremova, Vyacheslav Sergeevich Kubarev, Natalia Aleksandrovna Milcharek, Tadeush Petrovich Milcharek, Viktoria Ivanovna Senkova, Mariya Vladimirovna Frenkel, and Olga Alekseevna Tsvetkova. "Manifestation of the traits of extremist personality among high school students." Психолог, no. 1 (January 2022): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8701.2022.1.36823.
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This article is dedicated to the relevant problem – extremism in youth environment. The author summarizes new material on the topic, as well as introduces into the scientific discourse the description of the types of extremist personality among male high school students. The goal is to reveal the traits of extremist personality in high school students, and typologize these manifestations based on the empirical data. The scientific novelty lies in studying the characteristics of extremist personality among male high school students. The two types of personality are determined. It is established that extremist patterns in personality manifest through the following parameters: duty to endure pain and acceptance of the duty to die; propensity to manipulate; tendency to submerge into transcendental and transpersonal; level of satisfaction of basic social needs; degree of psychological stability; level of anxiety; level of identity manifestation, level of tolerance to negative mental states, level of social and communicative tolerance. The author reveals the pronounced psychological characteristics of the two key types of extremist personality among high school students. The first type can be characterized as infantile, immature personality with a severe need for love, acceptance, protection, support, prone to dogmatism and power thinking. The second type has evident autistic features: lack of nee for social relations, fear of the surrounding world, any deviations from the usual, familiar surroundings, and course of life.
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Dubinsky, A. A., G. M. Tokareva, A. S. Vasilchenko, and N. E. Lysenko. "The relationship of individual psychological and individual-typological characteristics in individuals with personality disorders, committed socially dangerous acts." Psychology and Law 6, no. 4 (2016): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2016060411.
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The relationship between individual psychological and individually-typological characteristics of patients with personality disorders who committed socially dangerous acts were studied, taking into account the severity of the organic factor and the degree of their social dangerousness. 121 males were surveyed, 70 of them were diagnosed with "organic personality disorder" and 33 - personality disorder. The types of personality disorders were diagnosed. The individual variables, the ratio of processes of system activation of behavior and its inhibition, protective styles, especially coping behaviours that constitute aggression, styles of self-regulation were analyzed. It was revealed that low settings of the system activation behavior found in the group of persons with a high degree of social dangerousness, determines the formation of individual psychological treats related to the rigidity behavior, the instability of the motives, impulsivity, negative emotionality, disinhibition. During comparison of samples of individuals with medium and high degree of social dangerousness it has been discovered that self-centeredness, as a component of self-control, high levels of affective components of aggression – anger and immature defense mechanisms significantly distinguish individuals with a high degree of public danger.
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Weber, Sandra, William H. Gottdiener, and Cordelia Chou. "Relationship between defense mechanisms and psychopathic traits in an Internet sample." Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 85, no. 3 (September 2021): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2021.85.3.271.
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The authors compared the defense mechanisms used by a community sample of people with and without self-reported psychopathic traits. Defense mechanisms were assessed using the Defense Style Questionnaire-60 and psychopathy was assessed using the Levinson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale in a sample of 225 adults recruited on the Internet. Results found that people with self-reported psychopathy traits used significantly more immature and neurotic defense mechanisms than people without a psychopathic personality profile. All participants reported equal use of mature defenses.
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Cloninger, C. Robert. "Psychobiology and treatment of borderline personality disorder." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 14, no. 2 (April 2002): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.140202.x.
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Borderline personality disorder can be characterized in terms of a profile of abnormal deviations on multiple personality dimensions using the temperament and character inventory (TCI). Borderline patients show poor character development, including low TCI self-directedness (irresponsible, blaming) and low TCI cooperativeness (hostile, intolerant). Their temperament is explosive or unstable due to a combination of high TCI harm avoidance (anxious, shy), high TCI novelty seeking (impulsive, quick-tempered), and low reward dependence (cold, aloof). Consequently they are usually dysthymic with an admixture of anxiety and anger, and regulate their social problems and intense emotions in immature ways. Genetic and psychobiological studies have led to identification of biological correlates of each of the TCI dimensions of personality, including individual differences in regional brain activity, psychophysiological variables, neuroendocrine abnormalities and specific gene polymorphisms. Each dimension of personality involves complex non-linear interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors and, in turn, each personality dimension interacts with the others in influencing the way an individual directs and adapts to his or her life experiences. Systematic clinical trials have shown that these personality variables predict the response to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments. For example, high harm avoidance and low self-directedness predict slower response and more rapid relapse with both antidepressants and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Treatment with drugs and/or psychotherapy can be individually matched to the patient's profile of temperament and character traits, rather than treating a heterogeneous group of patients as if they had a discrete, homogeneous illness. Fundamental change in cognitive schemas depends on attention to all aspects of character, especially self-transcendence, which has previously been neglected in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Personality integration requires non-resistance to our natural intuitive awareness, rather than intensified intellectual and emotional defenses.
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Hyphantis, T. "The role of psychological distress, somatization and personality traits in the formation of IBD patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and smoking habits." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73921-9.
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IntroductionClinical parameters predict HRQoL in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however some patients have impaired HRQoL despite clinical remission; furthermore, Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with smoking, while ulcerative colitis (UC) is largely a nonsmokers’ disease, indicating that psychological distress and personality variables might mediate the relationship of clinical variables with HRQoL and smoking.AimsTo assess psychological distress and personality traits in IBD and their contribution to the formation of HRQoL and smoking habits.MethodsIn 76 IBD outpatients we compared psychological distress symptoms and defensive profile between CD and UC. In another study of 185 IBD patients, we tested the relation of psychological distress, defense mechanisms and personality traits with HRQoL, smoking, and nicotine dependence.ResultsCD patients presented a more immature defensive profile. The more psychologically mature IBD patients had lower relapses and surgical operations’ rates. Psychological distress was associated with impaired HRQoL in a dose-response fashion. Somatization was independently associated with impaired HRQoL and mediated the relationships of anxiety and depression with HRQoL. In CD, the relationship of the smoking-linked personality characteristic “impulsive sensation seeking” with current smoking and nicotine dependence was stronger.ConclusionsIBD patients exhibit several specific psychological difficulties in adaptation to stressors. Apart from addressing timely psychological distress and somatization symptoms, clinicians and consultation-liaison psychiatrists should consider the patients’ defensive profile, since such personality traits, although usually underestimated, are strongly independently associated with the disease's outcome. Our findings might be also relevant to more effective interventions targeting smoking cessation in CD patients.
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Ivzāns, Igors, and Sandra Mihailova. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PATHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY TRAITS AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN HEALTHY SAMPLE: A PILOT STUDY RESULTS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 7 (May 25, 2018): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3283.
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This article aims to define what kind of relationship exists between pathological traits and defense mechanisms. Primary data, collected from 14th until 30th of March in 2017, was used in this research. Thirty participants (57 % males) in the age of early adultness (from 25 to 39 years, M = 29.9, SD = 3.33) filled in two questionnaires: The Multidimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (Perepjolkina, Koļesņikova, Mārtinsone, & Stepens, 2017) and Defense mechanisms questionnaire (Subbotina, 2017). Six of eight analyzed defense mechanisms (repression, regression, rationalization, displacement, denial and psychological projection) showed statistically significant correlation with at least one pathological personality trait both on facet and on domain level. Some weak (p > .05) correlations were found between some personality traits and two left defense mechanisms: reaction formation and sublimation. Most of correlations were with neurotic defenses according to Vaillant (1992) classification, in particular with repression and displacement. All together 26 traits correlated with neurotic defenses. With other defenses, just a few traits correlated – three traits with mature defenses, two traits with immature defenses and two with psychotic defenses. Received results need to be validated in the future studies and may be useful for clinical psychologists for better understanding of their clients.
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Mirucka, Beata. "Exploring the relationship between the body self and personality defence mechanisms in women with bulimia nervosa." Polish Psychological Bulletin 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0012.
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Abstract This study investigated the relationship between disorders of the body self and personality defence mechanisms of women with bulimia nervosa. It was hypothesized that women with bulimia nervosa would not form a homogeneous group in terms of the body self disorder and that the extent of this disorder would be significantly related to personality functioning in terms of the defence styles adopted. The hypothesis was investigated with the aid of two questionnaires: the Body Self Questionnaire (Mirucka, 2005) and the Defence Style Questionnaire by Andrews, Singh and Bond (1993). 36 women aged between 15 and 25 years, who fulfilled the DSM IV criteria for bulimia nervosa participated in the study. Conclusions from the study were that: (1) the body self of bulimic women is differentially disordered at three levels: profound, moderate and minimal. (2) the degree to which the body self was found to be disordered is significant in psychological terms as it is related to the defence style adopted by the bulimic personality. The profound and moderate levels of body self disorder related to immature defence styles, while minimal levels of disruption to body self were associated with neurotic and mature styles.
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Orlić, Ana, and Ljiljana B. Lazarević. "GENDER AS A MODERATOR IN PREDICTION OF HOMOPHOBIA." Primenjena psihologija 8, no. 4 (January 13, 2016): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2015.4.433-451.
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Studies indicate complexity of causes for occurence and expression of homophobia, and indicate gender differences in its expression. However, studies that would investigate the relationship of known sources of homophobia, like implicit attitudes, personality, and defense mechanisms, are not available. The aim of this study is to investigate predictive validity of different factors like intensity of sexual attraction towards opposite sex, implicit associations related to homosexuality, personality, use of defense mechanisms in men and women, and to examine a moderating role of gender in prediction of homophobia.Test of homophobia (H-25) was administered to a sample of 123 students. For assessment of the intensity of sexual attraction towards opposite sex we used Connotative Differential (CD-15), while for assessment of implicit attitudes the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was applied. Personality was measured with a short adjective scale for assessment of the Big Five, and defense mechanisms were assessed with the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ40). Results of hierarchical regression analysis suggest that use of immature and less frequent use of mature defence mechanisms have influence on expression of homophobia in both sexes. In addition, findings indicate that the motivational aspect of sexual attraction towards opposite sex and rigid personality lead to stonger homophobia in man in comparison to women. Results supportthe hypothesis that homophobia can have different sources and functions depending of the sex of the person.
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Ungerer, Judy A., Brent Waters, Bryanne Barnett, Robyn Dolby, Rachelle Bouffard, and Norm Kelk. "The Sydney Family Development Project: A Longitudinal Study of Children's Emotional Development in the First Three Years of Life." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 9, no. 2 (November 1992): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200026638.
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ABSTRACTA longitudinal study of early emotional development is in progress in Sydney, and preliminary results from the first three years of the study are reported. Antenatal assessment of parental personality, interpersonal relationships, and parental expectations identified different habitual ways of managing negative affect. Thus far, postnatal assessment of a subsample of the infants has differentiated emotion regulation at 4 months and empathy and mother-infant attachment quality at 12 months. Coping styles to manage emotionallly distressing or challenging situations showed individual differerences. Some 4-month-old infants used an immature strategy to cope with the stress of a non-responsive mother in the Still-Face Procedure, withdrawing and engaging in arousal-containing behaviours. At 12 months of age, these infants also tended to respond with immature personal distress reactions to a videotape of a distressed peer and to demonstrate insecure attachment. Assessment of coping behaviour at 30 months in a semistructured play situation aims to determine whether earlier continuity of withdrawal and emotionall containment versus engagement and emotional coping is maintained.
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Khusna, Dewi. "EKSISTENSI BATAS USIA MINIMAL 19 TAHUN BAGI PEREMPUAN DALAM PERKAWINAN." Negara dan Keadilan 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/hukum.v9i1.6927.
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Perkawinan dibawah umur bagaimanapun juga akan menghadapi berbagai persoalan didalamnya. Persoalan-persoalan seperti itu mungkin tidak mereka sadari sebelumnya. Hal ini disebabkan daya nalar mereka yang belum kearah itu, karena salah satu faktor penyebab timbulnya persoalan-persoalan itu adalah kepribadian yang belum matang. Dengan kepribadian yang belum matang itu maka mereka tidak siap untuk menerima tanggung jawab baik sebagai suami maupun istri, belum siap menghadapi permasalahan keluarga, baik permasalahan berhubungan suami istri maupun permasalahan ekonomi keluarga yang mana akan berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan anaknya.Kata kunci: usia, perkawinan, dampak, urgensi, hokum Underage marriages however will face various problems in them. Problems like that may not have been realized beforehand. This is due to the reasoning power of those who have not headed that way, because one of the factors causing these problems is the immature personality. With their immature personalities, they are not ready to accept responsibility either as husband or wife, not ready to face family problems, both problems related to husband and wife and family economic problems which will affect the development of their children. Keywords: age, marriage, impact, urgency, law
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Romeo, Annunziata, Agata Benfante, Giuliano Carlo Geminiani, and Lorys Castelli. "Personality, Defense Mechanisms and Psychological Distress in Women with Fibromyalgia." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12010010.
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Background: Previous studies have shown that many personality traits are associated with fibromyalgia (FM), worsening both the quality of life and psychological distress of patients. Despite the high comorbidity of psychopathological disorders in this syndrome and their association with immature defense styles, few studies have examined the defense mechanisms used by FM patients. The main aim of our study was to investigate personality traits and defense mechanisms in FM patients compared to in a healthy control group (HC). Moreover, we investigated the effect of personality traits and defense mechanisms on psychological distress in both FM and HC groups. Methods: A total of 54 women with FM and 54 healthy women completed the (1) Temperament and Character Inventory—Revised; (2) the Toronto Alexithymia Scale; (3) the Defense Style Questionnaire; and (4) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: The results indicated that FM patients display higher alexithymia, higher harm avoidance, lower self-directedness, lower persistence, and the higher use of a maladaptive defense style compared to HC. We found that alexithymia, harm avoidance, and maladaptive defense style are significant predictors of patients’ psychological distress. Moreover, harm avoidance and adaptive defense style significantly predicted psychological distress in the HC group. Conclusion: The present study is the first to explore the contribution of both defense mechanisms and personality characteristics on the psychological distress of FM patients. Our findings have important clinical implications and may help diagnose and treat FM patients more in depth.
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Hara, Akiko, Yasutomo Araki, Kenji Kawano, and Toru Kikawada. "Analysis of the Personality Diagnostic Test in Children with Severe Allergic Rhinitis." International Journal of Practical Otolaryngology 01, no. 01 (July 2018): e28-e33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676531.
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AbstractPediatric allergic rhinitis is a disease characterized by paroxysmal sneezing, runny nose, and nasal obstruction. In addition, there can be mental/psychological problems, but these aspects have not been precisely clarified. We investigated the psychological characteristics of children with severe pediatric allergic rhinitis. The subjects were 40 children with drug-resistant severe pediatric allergic rhinitis. Personality diagnostic tests were conducted using the TS-type infant/child character diagnostic test method. Compared with normal children, children with severe allergic rhinitis had more emotional instability (i.e., lack of confidence in daily life and strained tension), a greater lack of self-control (i.e., outrageous anger induced by immature control of emotions and a lack of self-suppression), and more dependency (i.e., a lack of independence from parents and surrounding people, and a lack of desirable social development during childhood). Instability at home was also observed. These results suggested that severe allergic rhinitis affected mental and personality traits of children. Therefore, it might be important to take these mental/psychological problems into consideration while considering the medical treatment of these patients.
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Persinger, M. A., and S. G. Tiller. "PERSONALITY NOT INTELLIGENCE OR EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT DIFFERENTIATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WHO ACCESS SPECIAL NEEDS FOR “LEARNING DISABILITIES”." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1999.27.1.1.
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University students who had been referred over a three year period from a special needs office because of putative learning disabilities were compared to randomly selected cohorts. There was no evidence of learning disabilities. Standardized scores for intelligence memory and educational achievement were all within the average range for both groups. Although there was no evidence of significant psychopathology in either group, the special needs group was significantly more immature, dependent, attention seeking and emotionally sensitive than the reference group. Only four of these variables were required to classify accurately 94% of all of the students (canonical correlation = 0.82). The results indicated that standardized norm-referenced assessment is essential to determine the actual etiologies for university students who request “special needs” because of putative learning disabilities. Implications of strategies for counselling these students are discussed.
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Polanco-Hernandez, Graciela, and Antonio Tena-Suck. "MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY-2 AS A DETECTOR OF EMOTIONAL RISK FACTORS FOR THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF NEWLY-ADMITTED UNDERGRADUATE PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 3, no. 1 (June 10, 2012): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/12.03.76.
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Currently, many universities are demonstrating interest in identifying the factors that may place their students’ psychological well-being at risk. It is considered important to identify the personality traits that may endanger students’ university education and professional activities. The sample consisted of 324 students recently entering an undergraduate program in psychology. The Spanish-language version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) with standards for Mexican university students was used. Female students report feelings of sadness, depression and anxiety, as well as behaviors that are demanding, histrionic, persuasive and impulsive, and they indicate a desire that situations be adapted to them. Male participants report immature and rebellious behavior toward authority figures and tend to blame others for their problems. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency of the instrument was calculated for the Validity, Basic, Supplementary and Content scales, yielding a total score of 0.824. These results indicate that the MMPI-2 version for Mexico is a reliable measure for the university students tested. Key words: academic risk, low school performance, MMPI-2, psychological profile, university students.
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Shaffer, Leigh S., and Jacqueline M. Zalewski. "“It's What I Have Always Wanted to Do.” Advising the Foreclosure Student." NACADA Journal 31, no. 2 (September 1, 2011): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12930/0271-9517-31.2.62.
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Foreclosure students have prematurely committed themselves to academic majors and future careers, but present themselves to academic advisors as very decided. From a developmental theory perspective, foreclosures represent an immature identity status and include students whose failure to explore their personal and vocational identities and achieve a mature identity threatens their academic success. While this category may be new to academic advisors, foreclosures have been the object of extensive psychological and educational research. We review the literature summarizing the identity development and the personality characteristics of foreclosures, and we also review the available evidence concerning the academic performance of these students. We conclude with some recommendations for successfully identifying and advising these students.
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Shulman, Shmuel, Miri Scharf, Yaara Livne, and Tamuz Barr. "Patterns of romantic involvement among emerging adults." International Journal of Behavioral Development 37, no. 5 (August 14, 2013): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025413491371.
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The present study examined patterns of romantic involvement in 100 Israeli emerging adults (54 males) who were followed from age 22 to 29 years. Analyses of interviews at age 29 yielded four distinctive relational patterns that are associated with different levels of concurrent wellbeing: Intimately committed, Intimate, Non- intimately committed, and Non-stable. Low efficacy, immature dependency and low parental support, measured 7 years earlier, predicted less optimal romantic relational patterns—non-stable or non-intimately committed. Continued pursuit of studies predicted a delay in entering a committed relationship, despite the capability for such a relationship. Findings of the study suggest that personality and family attributes explain the type and quality of relationships in which young people will be involved, while contextual factors only explain postponement of commitment.
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Chis, Roxana M. "A Critical Review of the Literature on the Relationships between Personality Variables, Parenting and Marital Satisfaction." Postmodern Openings 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/13.1/383.
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The aim of the paper is to examine the relevant literature on the relation-ships between personality variables, parenting correlates and marital satisfaction. It should also contribute to reader’s knowledge and under-standing through a critical review of the literature published in recent years. Data source: empirical studies were searched from for in scientific data-bases: Ebsco, ScienceDirect, PsychInfo, and Proquest. The searches generated 4477 articles, of which 28 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Systematic searches of studies published in English in the period 2005–2019 were carried out. The key search terms in English were adapted according to the search options in each database and included variations on the components or dimensions of the topic of interest: marital satisfaction, marital stress, marriage, co-parenting, married couples, marital disharmony, marital quality, marital relationship, personality, and factors involved in marital satisfaction. The studies were selected based on their relevance according to the identification of the search terms in the title, abstract, or in the keywords/ or topic, or, where necessary and possible, in the main text. The most commonly identified predictors of marital satisfaction and well-being for the couple included neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, parental stress, openness to experience, impulsivity, parenting, immature defence mechanism, communication, emotional stability, and marital support.
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Kauppi, Anne Leena Marika, Tuija Vanamo, Kari Karkola, and Juhani Merikanto. "Fatal child abuse: a study of 13 cases of continuous abuse." Mental Illness 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mi.2012.e2.
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A parent who continuously physically abuses her/his child doesn't aim to kill the child but commits an accidental filicide in a more violent outburst of anger. Fatal abuse deaths are prevented by recognition of signs of battering in time. Out of 200 examined intra-familial filicides, 23 (12%) were caused by child battering and 13 (7%) by continuous battering. The medical and court records of the victim and the perpetrator were examined. The perpetrator was the biological mother and the victim was male in 69 per cent of the cases. The abused children were either younger than one year or from two-and-a-half to four years old. Risk factors of the victim (being unwanted, premature birth, separation from the parent caused by hospitalization or custodial care, being ill and crying a lot) and the perpetrator (personality disorder, low socioeconomic status, chaotic family conditions, domestic violence, isolation, alcohol abuse) were common. The injuries caused by previous battering were mostly soft tissue injuries in head and limbs and head traumas and the battering lasted for days or even an year. The final assault was more violent and occurred when the parent was more anxious, frustrated or left alone with the child. The perpetrating parent was diagnosed as having a personality disorder (borderline, narcissistic or dependent) and often substance dependence (31%). None of them were psychotic. Authorities and community members should pay attention to the change in child's behavior and inexplicable injuries or absence from daycare. Furthermore if the parent is immature, alcohol dependent, have a personality disorder and is unable to cope with the demands the small child entails in the parent's life, the child may be in danger.
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de Mari, Massimo. "The perfect man." Gendercide - Gender Divide 3, no. 1 (August 19, 2021): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ijfp.v3n1.2021.66.
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In this article I will describe a ten-year psychotherapy treatment, with a frequency of four to five sessions per week in the first two years, and one session every fortnight for the following eight years in prison, with a man sentenced to twenty-three years for murdering his wife. I will analyse the complex personality of a young multi-talented male doctor, pushed to the edge of a chasm by a transgenerational destiny for males to be "the best" in everything. This unconscious need forced him to build up a hypertrophic self of "the perfect man" who, faced with the frustrations of life, broke down, revealing a very fragile and immature core. The collapsing of the ego led him to a killing which was meant to "save", in a distorted way, his project of being "the perfect father", without realising that he was, instead, destroying not only his wife's life, but his children's and his own life too.
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Grechanyi, Severin Vyacheslavovich. "Clinical and psychological characteristics motives of drug use by adolescents." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped6212-16.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship addictive motives, clinical-dynamic characteristics of conduct disorders and adaptation of personality in substance harmful using adolescents. Were studied 293 adolescents with a diagnosis of «Conduct disorder» and comorbid diagnoses «Harmful substance use» (mean age - 15,3 ± 0,1 years). Patients were divided into 4 groups. 1 subgroup comprised 89 patients with comorbid diagnosis of «Harmful opioid use». 2 subgroup comprised 95 patients with comorbid diagnosis of «Harmful inhalant use». 3 subgroup comprised 57 patients with comorbid diagnosis of «Drinking alcohol with harmful consequences». 4 subgroup consisted of 52 patients with comorbid diagnosis of «Harmful stimulant use». Results of the study revealed two groups of patients: patients with motives correction of negative emotional states (CE) and patients with the motives of stimulation emotionally positive state (SE). For patients with motives SE was characterized by the predominance of symptoms antisocial personality, conduct disorders, more expressions of social and legal consequences of substance use and quantity of comorbid alcohol use. Patients with motives CE marked predominance of symptoms of hyperkinetic conduct disorder and organic affective disorders, big quantitative severity of substance use when expressed psychopathology and health consequences. Patients with motives SE compared with patients with motives CE show a more favorable profile protective coping behavior associated with less use of immature and nonadaptive psychological defense mechanisms («regression», «replacement») and non-constructive types of coping («distancing», «self-control», «escape-avoidance»).
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Sabodash, Olga Aleksandrovna, Inessa Makedonovna Kalyakina, Sergey Nikolaevich Kosnikov, Nadezda Sergeevna Elizarova, Egor Aleksandrovich Borisov, and Ilya Valerievich Sorgutov. "Economics of education and prospects for its development." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S1 (August 22, 2021): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns1.1430.
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The article considers the prospects for the development of the education economy in modern market conditions. The main reason for considering this topic is that in the modern period, this science is immature, since it does not demonstrate the ability to offer effective, efficient, socially feasible and economically viable solutions to educational problems. Accordingly, the main direction of the development of this science should be considered the development of scientific fundamental and technological approaches to solving existing problems in education. One of the tools in this regard should be called educational projects that contribute to the dynamic development of both pedagogy in general and this science in particular. To be recognized as an integrated field of research, the economics of education should assign to pedagogy the role of helping scientists to create formative solutions to the criticisms identified in the course of economic research. Indeed, within the framework of the role that pedagogy can assume, planning in the field of education, the formation of various aspects of personality (economic, financial, social and human) can be developed.
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M, Kloeris, and Birath J. "A-088 Case Report: Neuropsychological Assessment of Giant Axonal Neuropathy in Adulthood." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.088.
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Abstract Objective Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive condition marked by abnormally large/dysfunctional axons. Childhood neurological symptoms (e.g., ataxia, loss of sensation, strength, and reflexes in limbs, and visual and hearing problems) eventually lead to central nervous system impairment (e.g., seizures, paralysis, and cognitive decline). The scant literature on cognition in GAN is mixed, with findings from no impairment all the way to dementia. We present a case of an adult GAN patient with milder symptoms. Method A 55-year-old Hispanic male with 13 years of education was referred from outpatient neurology for neuropsychological evaluation in a county hospital setting. He was symptomatic in childhood, but was not diagnosed with GAN until 2018. A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was conducted. His presentation was notable for anxious and restricted affect, rapid speech, and intense gaze. He appeared immature and at times guarded about his symptoms and history. Results Cognitive test results were valid and indicated normal-range IQ and generally intact cognitive abilities with mixed performances (and mild deficits) in visual memory and executive functioning. The MMPI-2-RF was invalid due to elevations on multiple validity scales, possibly due to limited insight and/or impression management (L-r highest). Conclusions The results add to the limited literature on cognition in GAN by describing a milder case. Our patient demonstrated some mixed cognitive difficulties as well as idiosyncrasies in personality that could reflect immaturity and/or reduced insight. In addition to further exploring its cognitive effects, future research into GAN should include the evaluation of personality and insight/metacognition in patients with milder symptoms.
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Matthews, Dan. "124 Reframing the Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (April 2020): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000425.
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Background:Using the same DSM-5 criteria as in adults, BPD in adolescents is defined as a 1-year pattern of immature personality development with disturbances in at least 5 of the 9 domains listed in the DSM-5. BPD can now be reliably diagnosed as young as 13 using one of several standardized clinician, or self-rated diagnostic instruments. Unfortunately published US and Canadian positions regarding pharmacological treatment have been, With regard to evidence-based studies, pharmacological treatment is not recommended and, if ultimately required, should be limited to second-generation antipsychotics. Fortunately, the last decade s extensive advancements in brain-mapping have provided more clarity about the various brain dysfunctions underlying the symptoms/traits presenting in BPD, providing new opportunities to address these primarily Fronto-Limbic dysfunctions neuropharmacologically and potentially, significantly ameliorate. Thus, in turn, likely enhancing the effectiveness of the newer available therapies.Objectives:The current study explores the feasibility of more effectively managing BPD symptoms/traits with a unique medication protocol consisting of two medications; an anticonvulsant (oxcarbazepine) and a dopaminergic (amantadine HCl), without use of an antipsychotic medication.Methods:Subjects were 147 females, ages 13-16, with the diagnosis of BPD treated with the described medication protocol in a residential facility. Positive outcome was described as achievement and maintenance of greater than 50% improvement from baseline admission state of functioning for 1 year. They were discharged when stable and having achieved greater than 50% improvement from baseline. Outpatient prescribers were requested to be compliant with the treatment protocol. However, some were non-compliant, substituting antipsychotic medication instead. Care givers were surveyed at 6 months and 1 year to determine whether their child was maintaining greater than 50% improvement.Results:The percent maintaining greater than 50% improvement was calculated for those whose caregivers reported continuation of the medications as prescribed, versus those whose prescribers changed the medications to the Community Standard. Of those compliant with the medication protocol, 61 of 86 (71%) maintained >50% improvement. Of those moved to the Community Standard approach, 19 of 61 (31%) maintained >50% improvement. Using Chi Square analysis, there was a significant relationship between maintenance of improvement and medication protocol compliance. Chi Square, Fisher’s exact test = p<0.001.Conclusion:The results indicate that, for adolescents 1 year post-discharge from residential treatment for BPD, continuation of the above described medication protocol provides significantly higher rates of maintenance of achieved symptom improvement. Further controlled studies are needed.Funding:None.
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Dedic, Gordana, and Milivoj Panic. "Soldiers suicides risk factors in the Serbian Army Forces." Vojnosanitetski pregled 67, no. 7 (2010): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1007548d.
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Background/Aim. Analyses of suicide risk factors enable to undertake appropriate preventive measures within the Suicide Prevention Program in Military Environment, which was fully applied in 2003 in the Serbian Army Forces. The aim of our study was to identify the most important suicide risk factors in soldiers within the period from 1998 to 2007. Methods. Analysis of suicide risk factors was carried out on the basis of data obtained by psychological suicide autopsy. The control group was matched with adapted soldiers by socio-demographic factors. A descriptive statistical analysis was used. Comparison of groups of soldiers was done by the t-test and Pearson's ?2-test. Results. A total of 35 soldiers aged 22-49 years (21.76 ? 1.76 years on average) committed suicide within the period 1999-2007, the 2/3 within, and 1/3 out of a military compound. More than one half soldiers committed suicide after transferring to a different post. Soldiers who committed suicide had come from uncompleted, dysfunctional families (p < 0.05). In comparison with the adapted soldiers, in premilitary period they had more interpersonal problems with their comrades (p < 0.001) and problems with law (p < 0.05). During military service, alcohol consumption was less presented; they used to have fewer separation problems (p < 0.05) and to be rarely awarded (p < 0.001) in comparison with the adapted soldiers. A soldier who committed suicide was emotionally and socially immature persons. The commonest motives for suicide were: decreased capacity of adaptation to military service, actual psychic disturbance, emotional interruption, fear of environment judgment, actual family problems, but in the one fifth, motive stayed unrecognized. Conclusion. Suicide risk factors in soldiers are primary in their immature personality organization, its relation with family and military environment factors which, in coexistence with actual life accidents, result in suicide as a consequence. A suicide prevention program in Serbian Army Forces should be designed to prevent multiple suicide risk factors.
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Καλαματιανός, Αντώνιος, and Λίσσυ Κανελλοπούλου. "Η προσκόλληση και οι μηχανισμοί άμυνας σε άτομα διεγνωσμένα με οριακή διαταραχή προσωπικότητας." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 20, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23514.
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The interest with regard to the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has increased in the past few years, because the number of people with the aforementioned diagnosis who use mental health services has risen. The study aimed at examining the defense mechanisms in people with BPD diagnosis in relation to the attachment type they adopt. Thesample consisted of 36 adult subjects diagnosed with BPD who attended psychiatric outpatient departments and 36 people who attended the ophthalmologic outpatient care at a general hospital. The adult attachment questionnaire CA-MIR and the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 were administered to the participants. In general, results are in accordance with the theoretical background, because it was demonstrated that diagnosed subjects scored higher in the insecure attachment types, that is, the ambivalent, the detached and the non-resolved, whereas the non-diagnosed scored higher in the autonomous attachment. Moreover, diagnosed subjects used more than the non-diagnosed participants the neurotic and the immature defenses,but they did not differ with respect to mature defenses. Finally, correlations between attachment and defenses were found with the exception of the mature that correlated with no attachment model. These findings may contribute to the identification of factors that participate in BPD and in the configuration of more efficient therapeutic interventions.
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Einy, Sanaz, Mohammad Narimani, and Fariba Sadeghi Movahhed3. "Comparing the Effectiveness of Mentalization-Based Therapy and Cognitive-Analytic Therapy on Ego Strength and Defense Mechanisms in People With Borderline Personality Disorder." Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences 25, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/hms.25.4.324.
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Aims Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT) and Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) are psychotherapy approaches offering specific methods for the treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Therefore, this study compared the effectiveness of MBT and CAT on improving the ego strength and defense mechanisms in people with BPD. Methods & Materials This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and a control group design and follow-up stage. In total, 40 men with BPD were selected by purposive sampling technique. The samples were selected from males admitted to Isar psychiatric Hospital and the psychiatric department of Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil City, Iran, in 2018. The samples were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received 20 sessions of MBT, and the second experimental group received 16 sessions of CAT. To collect data, we used psychological inventory ego strength and defense styles questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using mixed model Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe posthoc test. Findings The collected results suggested that both interventions were effective in improving the ego strength and defense mechanisms of people with BPD (P<0.001). However, the effect of MBT on the overall score of the ego strength and the immature defenses was higher than that of the other intervention (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in neurotic defense between the two interventions (P>0.05). Conclusion The present research results can support the use of these therapies as part of a non-pharmaceutical treatment program in different treatment centers or psychiatric hospitals.
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Holas, P. "Intensive cognitive-behavior therapy group for social phobia. Program and effectiveness." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73016-4.
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This poster is aiming at presentation of program together with some data on effectiveness of intensive cognitive-behavior group psychotherapy (CBGT) for social phobia (SP) carried out in Center for Psychotherapy at the 2nd Department of Psychiatry Medical University of Warsaw. Intensive CBGT for social phobia has been conducted in Center for Psychotherapy for five years. Therapy lasts 12 weeks, five days a week, with two sessions each day. Therapeutic program consists of 4 modules: I. A standard cognitive therapy for SP based on Clark and Wells model (1986); II. A behavior module with primary focus on exposition and behavioral experiments; III. An interpersonal and assertiveness training and IV. Mindfulness training which focus on increasing mindfulness and acceptance skills and is based on MBCT and ACT exercises. Preliminary data on efficacy of the program carried out on 40 patients (17 F, 23 M) suffering from SP, reveled a significant reduction of SP and other neurotic symptoms, together with decreasing of depression and anxiety measures. What is interesting, we have found that intensive CBGT led to change in defense mechanisms, a concept belonging to a psychodynamic approach, with decrease in neurotic and immature mechanisms. In conclusion, intensive CBGT seems to be an effective treatment for SP, that changes not only symptoms but also some of the underlying dysfunctional personality mechanisms, but more studies with different methodologies are needed.
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Jemar, G. N., D. Barros, C. Cisneros, M. Salech, and V. Gizzi. "Suicide prevention program in the argentine federal penitentiary service." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1801.
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Suicide configures failure in the mental health care of persons deprived of their liberty in terms of detection of risk factors, prevention, specific planning in terms of addressing thoughts of death or autolytic planning, trends, impulses and moods. The factors that unite in this catastrophe are multiple and depend not only on mental health care, but also on the circumstances that led to the deprivation of liberty, the family and the care of social continence and the intimate relationship of the person with its existence. Also, security personnel who take care of people in confinement contexts have a preponderant role in suicide preference. Structuring the personality distorted, immature or insufficient, circumstances that lead to vulnerability and threaten the preservation of life in the context of constant stress and loneliness. The transdisciplinary work experience provides us with constant review and dynamic concepts and practices to predict, diagnose and prevent risky behaviors prone to the symptoms of self-injury or self-harm of patients. In this sense, we propose interdisciplinary interviews of entry, registry for the detection of risk factors, specific treatment in patients at risk. The transdisciplinary confluence is a tool to be implemented to quantify the results and propose to reduce the incidence of suicide in people in a confinement context.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Leushina, Ekaterina A. "The emotionally-valuable attitude to themselves in adolescents with chronic allergic diseases." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped71167-172.
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In the following work are presented the results of experimental psychological research on suffering from chronic allergic respiratory and skin diseases adolescents’ emotionally-valuable attitude to themselves. As the results of study at 51 adolescents suffering from bronchial asthma concomitant with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis have been found that chronically ill adolescents tend to identify themselves as sick people, both currently and in the suture, more than their conditionally healthy peers (p ≤ 0.05). However, both boys and girls suffering from the allergic diseases tend to expect to become less ill that now (p ≤ 0.01 for boys and p ≤ 0.05 for girls). After considering the features of their gender identity have been found suffering from allergic diseases adolescents do not expect an increase in their typically male features in the process of growing up, that is typical for their healthy peers (p ≤ 0.01). Moreover, the research has shown that boys with the chronic allergic disease do not expect a decrease of immature deeds in their behavior, which are typical for childhood, that occurs in the normal case of growth. Generally, both adolescents from the experimental and from control group tend to positively react to their personalities taking into account all the existing advantages and disadvantages, marking the lack of self-control in their behavior its dependence on external factors and also a low level of personal activity. After considering the temporal perspective of the personality has been shown that chronically ill and conditionally healthy adolescents see themselves more active, stronger and more respectable in the futures.
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Vasilieva, Valentina Valerievna, Tatiyana Leonidovna Botasheva, Elena Vasilievna Zheleznyakova, and Oleg Pavlovich Zavodnov. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF WOMEN WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF INFERTILITY." Психология. Психофизиология 13, no. 3 (October 21, 2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/jpps200304.
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Background. The current demographic situation in Russia causes an increase in interest in different studies of the reproductive potential of married couples, including various forms of female infertility. Aim. The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of psychoemotional and personal characteristics of women with identified and unidentified infertility factors. Materials and methods. Two groups were formed for a comprehensive psychological examination: the first group included 52 patients with verified causes of infertility, the second group comprised of 46 women with an unexplained cause of infertility (idiopathic infertility). For mathematical processing of results, in order to identify statistical differences between parameters in groups, the Mann–Whitney U-test implemented in the SPSS 26.0.0.1 program was applied. Results. The analysis showed significant differences between women of the studied groups in a number of scales of the meaning of life orientation test, the Freiburg personality questionnaire, questionnaires of socio-psychological attitudes, reflexivity, level of aggression, methods of the lifestyle index, neuropsychic stress, “personal differential”, the test of the level of depression and stress resistance. Summarizing the data obtained, it can be noted that patients with established causes of infertility use opportunities to adapt to the new realities of life, including professional achievements, social and intellectual activity, to resolve this situation and reduce neuropsychic stress. Women with idiopathic infertility are characterized by more pronounced neuropsychic stress, neurotic reactions, infantile qualities, regressive behaviors, immature types of psychological defense, decreased activity, and changes in motivational attitudes. Conclusion. The choice of tactics for individualized psychological correction based on psychological examination of patients in an interdisciplinary approach will contribute to improving the effectiveness of infertility treatment.
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Pop-Jordanova, Nada, and Aneta Demerdzieva. "Emotional health in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis." PRILOZI 37, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prilozi-2016-0005.
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Abstract Although modern therapeutic procedures have considerably improved the survival and the quality of life of children with cystic fibrosis, the relevant psychological aspects have been still insufficiently considered similarly to the other chronic diseases. The aim of this research was to evaluate the emotional health: psychological characteristics and adjustment of CF children and their family coping. The study comprises 25 CF children, mean age 13.13 ± 2.29 years (23 boys and only 2 girls), selected from total 60 actually treated children for CF. Children were examined in the period of improved health conditions (without superinfection, wheezing or gastrointestinal problems). Obtained results are compared with a control group of 25 healthy children of the same age, selected by random from primary schools. The psychometric instruments used were: Kohs Design Test, Child Behavior Checklist, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, General Anxiety Scale, Emotional Profile Index, MMPI-201 and Human Values Test, together with two projective tests of drawing (Machover and Corman). The unexpected good psychological results obtained from psychometric instruments could be explained by the fact that CF children accept the real situation and express vivacity. However, their deep feelings of fear impose on them high level of self-control and resistance. The results obtained for CBCL presented CF children as immature, with accentuated aggressiveness in interpersonal relations. The most important problem is related to the delay of puberty changes, leading to low self-esteem. Generally, family members cope relatively well with the disease in children, in spite to discrepancies in mother/child reports for child psychopathology. Divorces also occurred in some families. Psychological support for both, children and family members are necessary. The need for a holistic approach in the assessment and treatment, including biofeedback techniques was pointed out.
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Parilov, Oleg V., and Lev E. Shaposhnikov. "GENESIS OF OLD BELIEVERS ANTHROPOLOGY." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 19, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.045.019.201901.046-057.
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Introduction. The modern globalized postmodern consumer society, total game simulation, colossal disconnection is extremely destructive for the individual. The Old Believer outlook, which affirms the soborn-person, attached to the fundamental foundations of the national religious culture, the bearer of higher transcendent meanings, acquires a particular urgency today. Accounting for both positive and negative experience of Old Believer anthropology will allow to determine the ideal of an integral convinced person who overcomes the extremes of conformism and fanaticism. Materials and Methods. The article is prepared on the basis of the original works of the Old Believer authors; pre-revolutionary, Soviet, modern Russian and foreign studies of Russian culture and the Old Believer worldview. The methodological basis was: a civilizational approach to history, methods of hermeneutics, comparative-historical, the unity of historical and logical, analysis, synthesis, analogy. Results of the study. The article deals with socio-cultural, spiritual factors of the borderline era of the 17th century, under the influence of which a unique Old Believer anthropology is formed, reflecting the worldview characteristics of the Russian Middle Ages and Russia of the new time. The dynamics of Old Believers’ views on man during the XVII–XX centuries is investigated; revealed spiritual, historical reasons for the transformation of the anthropological views of the Old Believers. Discussion and Conclusion. It is established that the early Old Believers, as representatives of the medieval people’s Orthodox consciousness, affirm a person of a sacral, conciliar, but individually immature. However, under the influence of modern trends, Old Believer gives rise to the idea of the charismatic personality of the Old Believer apostle. For the Old Believers of modern times, anthropocentric tendencies, significant existential interest, exaltation of man as the Image of God, especially his reasonable abilities, are characteristic. But due to the self-consciousness of the last defenders of Holy Russia, the guardianship, the Old Believers miss the fact of the damage to human nature, underestimate the need for spiritual development.
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Krasanova, Anna. "Bērna privilēģija neliecināt pret tuvinieku – riski un izaicinājumi ģimenē pastāvošas vardarbības kontekstā." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 1, no. 16 (2020): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.16.2020.1.100-112.
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Valstīm gan ar starptautiskajām, gan ar nacionālajām tiesību normām ir uzlikts īpašs pienākums aizsargāt bērnus, kas ir cietuši no jebkādas vardarbības. Ja bērns ir cietis no vardarbības, viens no galvenajiem valsts pienākumiem ir īstenot efektīvus aizsardzības pasākumus, ar īpašu rūpību ievērojot un īstenojot bērna tiesības un tiesiskās intereses. Starp šādiem pasākumiem ir noziedzīgo nodarījumu prevencija un izmeklēšana. Katrā ar bērnu saistītā procesā bērnam ir jānodrošina iespēja tikt uzklausītam un tiesības saņemt informāciju. Šīs tiesības ir jānodrošina, arī bērnam liecinot kriminālprocesā. Bērna liecībām kriminālprocesā, kas ir saistīts ar vardarbību ģimenē, var būt izšķiroša nozīme. Šajos gadījumos svarīga loma ir procesa virzītāja rīcībai, organizējot kriminālprocesuālās darbības tā, lai pēc iespējas mazinātu dažādu faktoru negatīvo ietekmi uz bērnu un viņa spējām sniegt patiesas un kvalitatīvas liecības, tādējādi īstenojot bērna tiesības būt pasargātam no vardarbības. Bērns ir pilnīgi atkarīgs no vides, kurā viņš dzīvo. Savas nenobriedušās personības dēļ viņš ir daudz neaizsargātāks nekā pieaugušais, tādēļ viņu viegli pakļaut ietekmēšanai, jo īpaši no tik tuviem cilvēkiem kā tēvs un māte. Šajā rakstā tiek analizēti problēmjautājumi, kas ir saistīti ar bērna tiesībām neliecināt pret tuviniekiem. Ja šo tiesību izmantošana ir pakļauta manipulācijām, bērna tiesību būt pasargātam no vardarbības efektīva īstenošana ir apdraudēta. Lai izprastu problemātiku, kas saistīta ar tiesību neliecināt pret tuviniekiem kontekstā ar sabiedrības interesēm atklāt noziedzīgos nodarījumus, un piedāvātu iespējamos šo jautājumu risinājumus, tiek aplūkota Eiropas Cilvēktiesību tiesas prakse. Ņemot vērā identificētos problēmjautājumus un to analīzi, ir izdarīti secinājumi un piedāvāti risinājumi attiecībā uz procesa virzītāja sagatavošanās darbībām un pienākumiem kriminālprocesā, veicot bērna nopratināšanu. Savukārt attiecībā uz lieciniekam un personai, kura atzīta par cietušo, piešķirto kriminālprocesuālo imunitāti par liecību sniegšanu pret saviem tuviniekiem, tiek piedāvāts veikt grozījumus Kriminālprocesa likumā. International and national law provides special obligations for states to protect a child victim from all forms of violence. In situations where a child has been a victim of violence one of the main responsibilities of the state is to implement effective protection measures, paying special attention to and implementing the rights and legal interests of the child. Such measures include prevention and investigation of criminal offenses. In any child-related proceedings, a child must have the opportunity to be heard and to receive the information in a proper, child-friendly manner. This right is also ensured when a child testifies in criminal proceedings. It can be crucial in criminal proceedings of domestic violence to receive the child’s testimony. In such cases, the work of the person directing the proceedings plays an important role by organising the criminal proceedings in such a way as to minimise the negative impact of various factors on the child and his or her ability to give true and qualitative testimonies. Thus, ensuring the rights of the child to be protected from violence. The child is completely dependent on the environment in which he or she lives. Due to the immature personality, the child is much more vulnerable. Therefore, the immature mind is easily influenced, especially from such a close person as father or mother. This article analyses the issues related to the rights of the child not to testify against relatives. If the exercising of these rights is subjected to manipulation, the effective realisation of the rights of the child to be protected from violence can be jeopardised. In order to understand the role of the rights not to testify against relatives in detecting crimes in the public interest and to suggest possible solutions of the identified problem, the practise of the European Court of Human Rights was analised. Taking into account the identified problems and the analysis, conclusions have been drawn and solutions have been proposed regarding the activities and responsibilities of the person directing the criminal proceeding before and during the interrogation of the child. In regard to the issue in the context of procedural immunity granted to the witness and the person who has been recognized as a victim for testifying against relatives, amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law were proposed.
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Lobanova, I. V. "“Faust” by Ch.-F. Gounod as a debut of a director E. O. Jungwald‑Khilkevych on the Ukrainian National Opera and Ballet Theater stage (1925)." Aspects of Historical Musicology 14, no. 14 (September 15, 2018): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-14.04.
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Background. When Kharkiv was the capital of Ukraine (1917–1934), many outstanding artistic events were happening there, which have not been studied properly up to this day. Among them – an experiment is, that started in 1925. In this time in Kharkiv the Ukrainian National Opera and Ballet Theater was founded. Strictly speaking, the new theater was not created completely anew: the art of opera and ballet had the established traditions in Kharkiv to that time. Yet, it had not been free from certain provincial features, trying to imitate the style of well-known theaters. The new theater was meant to overcome those drawbacks. The visual side of performances presented practically no problem, scenery being created mostly by avant-garde artists, but there was almost a total lack of stage directors, capable of creating performances adequate to the time and new contingent of spectators. One of the most important events of the theater’s first season happened to be the appearance of Yosyp Lapytsky, famous for his stubbornness in overcoming stereotyped patterns of staging opera performances. Though his attempts were widely criticized, today we can fully appreciate the master’s creative ideas. Now the name of Y. Lapytsky is rather well-known as an example of a director’s creativity within the framework of Ukrainian opera theaters of his time. However, only some peoples, even among professionals, remember his adherent and long-time assistant, Emil Olgerd Jungwald-Khilkevych. Yet, the latter was an extraordinary figure among his colleagues. Less than the decade afterward the Kharkiv performances, E. O. Jungwald-Khilkevych was appointed a chief stage director and an art director of two theaters simultaneously, the Russian and the Uzbek Operas in Tashkent. Thus, he became one of the founding fathers of the Uzbek professional musical theater and a figure worth remembering in the history of operatic art in Kharkiv. The author was unable to find any studies into E.O. Jungwald-Khilkevych’s activities as stage director. At least, no such publications have been found in Ukrainian, Russian or any widely known European languages, while materials in Uzbek were not searched as requiring a profound knowledge of that language. As far as the Ukrainian segment of Jungwald-Khilkevych’s activities is concerned, it has not been studied at all. The objectives of this study lie in an attempt to systematize isolated facts of the director’s biography; to collect and analyze the information concerning his debut performance on Kharkiv stage; to reveal the significance of his activities within the context of the Ukrainian National Opera and Ballet Theater’s first season. Results. E. O. Jungwald-Khilkevych graduated from the Kyiv Academy of Music in 1920 and started his career at the Kyiv Opera Theater. In a short while, he was invited by the administration of the Poltava Opera Theater as a chief director. In 1923, the young director became an assistant to Y. Lapytsky, when the latter was on tours, staging performances in various cities. We may presume that his work in Poltava enriched him with the experience of independent actions, so important for anyone’s professional progress. That why he was invited to Kharkiv not only as Y. Lapytsky’s assistant, but as independent artistic figure as well. He got a special assignment of directing “Faust” performance. The new theater’s administration seems to have had little hope for the success of “Faust”. There were too little material resources and time allocated for the performance and rehearsals. Too much work had to be done in a very short period. November 4, 1925, was the first night of the performance. It provoked a lively discussion among musical critics: the director’s interpretation of Gounod’s opera seemed to be too peculiar. It is worth noting that all the transformations in action on stage were made strictly within the framework of the original musical material with minimal changes in the libretto. The director only implemented some new ideas as to the interpretation of certain episodes as well as characters’ nature. They concerned, first and foremost, Dr. Faust, the hero of the opera. E. Jungwald-Khilkevych saw him as a medieval scholar who had lost his lifelong faith in science. So, Faust is in a desperate search of the way out, ready either to change his life drastically or to put an end to it. Thus, the conflict, as seen by the director, is the inconsistency of the intellectual and the sensual, and this point of view is much closer to Goethe’s tragedy, whose philosophical intricacy was somewhat simplified in Gounod’s opera. Building up the logical and psychological motives of the characters’ actions (where one can trace the influence of Y. Lapytsky and his ideas), E. Jungwald-Khilkevych introduced a supplementary personage, the young Faust. The director also interpreted in his own way the character of Mephistopheles – not as a devil from the other world, but as the “Alter Ego” of Faust himself, as the dark side of the doctor’s personality. E. Jungwald-Khilkevych did not hesitate to break some respected operatic traditions. For example, he insisted on substituting traditional travesty actress (alto or soprano) in the part of Siebel with a male tenor. I. Turkeltaub, a famous musical critic of Kharkiv, maintained in his review that the director enriched the performance with new brilliant elements, which significantly broke off the opera routine. Conclusions. Certain conclusions justly can be made not only from the praise by an authoritative erudite musical critic I. Turkeltaub, but also from the details of the director’s conception, disclosed in his own articles. This materials prove that the debut of E. Jungwald-Khilkevych, then 28, on the main stage of the Ukraine’s capital was far from being imitative or immature. He proposed an interpretation both independent artistically and adequate to his time. This performance testifies to maturity of rather a young director, his ability to work under extreme conditions, to captivate the actors and inspire them with his ideas. It is obvious that the theater’s administration did next to nothing to support the director of “Faust”: the leading singers were not included in the cast, the scenery was made by secondrate painters instead of A. Petrytsky and O. Khvostenko-Khvostov, which were the leading designers of the theater, and so on. In spite of all that, “Faust” became one of the real zests of the Ukrainian National Opera and Ballet Theater’s first season. This result proves the real necessity of closer scholarly studies into the Ukrainian period of E. Jungwald-Khilkevych’s creative activities, precisely, the performances executed under his guidance on Kharkiv stage.
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"The Mediating Role of Perfectionism and Defense Mechanisms in The Relationship between Personality Traits and Narcissism." Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi 9, no. 22 (December 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.7816/nesne-09-22-05.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationships between perfectionism, defense mechanisms and basic personality traits and vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. Besides, it is aimed to determine the mediating role of defense mechanisms and perfectionism in the relationship between basic personality traits and vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. The sample of the study consists of 403 volunteer participants whose ages are between 18-60. In this study, data were collected by using Demographic Information Form, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40), Basic Personality Traits Inventory (BPTI), and Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory-Short Form (FFNI). Among the continuous variables of the study, it was identified that there were correlations ranging from .09 to .50. In addition, according to the mediation (mediator) analysis results, it was revealed that the immature defense group and concern over mistakes had mediation role in the relationship between negative valence, which is one of the basic personality traits and grandiose narcissism; immature defense group and personal standards had mediation role in the relationship between openness to development and grandiose narcissism. Also, it was found that the immature defense group and concern over mistakes had mediation role in the relationship between negative valence and vulnerable narcissism; the immature defense group, concern over mistakes and doubt about actions had mediation role in the relationship between neuroticism and vulnerable narcissism. It has been observed that total four significant models explain 30% to 38% of the variance. In the light of the current results, the evaluation of some personality traits associated with vulnerable and grandiose narcissism and the effect of immatur defenses and perfectionism in this relationship may contribute positively to the understanding and treatment process of narcissistic personal traits. Keywords Grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism, basic personality traits, perfectionism, defense mechanisms
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Guénolé, Fabian, Solène Spiers, Ludovic Gicquel, Veronique Delvenne, Marion Robin, Maurice Corcos, Alexandra Pham-Scottez, and Mario Speranza. "Interpersonal Relatedness and Non-suicidal Self-Injurious Behaviors in Female Adolescents With Borderline Personality Disorder." Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 (November 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.731629.
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Background: Psychopathological models of adolescent borderline personality disorder (BPD) suggest that non-suicidal self-injuring (NSSI)—a particularly frequent symptom in girls—may constitute a way of coping with distress resulting from interpersonal concerns they typically experience as a developmental psychopathological feature.Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the relationship in BPD female adolescents between NSSI and the Sidney Blatt two-polarities model of personality development, which focuses on the psychological processes of interpersonal relatedness and self-definition.Methods: The study was conducted within the European Research Network on Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence, using the Depressive Experience Questionnaire (DEQ).Results: BPD patients (n = 59; mean age = 16.6 ± 1.3) scored significantly higher than healthy controls on the two DEQ sub-factors assessing the more immature forms of Interpersonal Relatedness (Neediness) and Self-definition (Self-criticism) and significantly lower on the more mature form of Self-definition (Efficacy). BPD adolescents with NSSI showed significantly higher scores on both mature and immature forms of Interpersonal Relatedness (Neediness and Connectedness) compared to BPD adolescents without NSSI. A logistic regression analysis showed that the subfactor Neediness of the DEQ was the only significant predictor of the presence of NSSI among BPD adolescents.Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study suggests that NSSI in adolescents with BPD is developmentally linked to high developmental concerns in the domain of interpersonal relatedness, which may be taken into consideration in clinical practice. More studies are necessary to better understand the relationships between NSSI and developmental psychopathology in borderline adolescents.
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Biondi, Silvia, Simona Casale, Jessica Burrai, Cristina Mazza, Gabriele Cavaggioni, Stefano Ferracuti, Anna Maria Giannini, and Paolo Roma. "Personality and Lockdown: A Study on Italian Undergraduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 (May 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.622366.
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The current study aimed at increasing our understanding of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on undergraduate students, particularly with respect to the association between personality traits; defense mechanisms (DMs); depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (DASSs); and compliance with the government recommended health measures. A sample of 1,427 Italian undergraduate students were administered the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5—Brief Form; the Defense Style Questionnaire-40; and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Compliance with the COVID-19 behavioral recommendations was measured through a 10-item survey measure. Results showed that immature DMs and internalizing personality traits (i.e., detachment, negative affect, psychoticism) were risk factors of DASSs. Furthermore, subjects with higher levels of DASSs appeared less compliant with the health measures recommended by the Italian government. Experts may use these results to identify and subsequently support (via the Internet) young subjects at greater risk of mental health problems as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Fating, Lina S., and Tessy Sebastian. "Diploma Nursing Final Year Students with that of Degree Nursing Final Year Students." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, July 1, 2021, 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i34a31830.
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Background: Everyone is special, but we also have a couple of things in common. In psychology, one of the most interesting questions is to get to grips with human nature and what makes a personality. The type of personality that we hold is essential to our human perception. This study aimed to compare the emotional maturity of diploma nursing final year students with that of degree nursing final year students.
Objective: 1. To evaluate the level of emotional maturity of final year students in diploma nursing. 2. To evaluate emotional maturity rates of degree nursing final year students. 3. To compare the level of emotional maturity of diploma nursing final year students with that of degree nursing final year students. 3. To associate the level of emotional maturity of diploma Students in the nursing final year with their demographic variables selected. 4. To associate the level of emotional maturity of degree nursing final year students with their selected demographic variables.
Materials and Methods: A Comparative study was conducted among diploma Nursing students from the final year and nursing students from the final year Wardha. Purposive sampling technique was used.
Result: The data obtained to describe the that 11 % of the diploma final year nursing students had extremely emotionally maturity level, 21 % of them had emotionally immature 56% moderately emotionally maturity level 12% of diploma final year nursing students had extremely emotionally immature level. Minimum emotional maturity score was 67 and maximum emotional maturity score was 207.Mean emotional maturity score was 97.28 ± 22.08. degree final year nursing students that 82% of the degree final year nursing students had extremely emotionally mature level, 05 of them had moderately emotionally mature level, 10% of them had emotionally immature level and 3% them had extremely emotionally immature. Minimum emotional maturity score was 73 and maximum emotional maturity score was 235.Mean emotional maturity score was 179.98 ± 41.25.
Conclusion: The majority of diploma final year nursing students statistically significant difference was found in emotionally mature are degree final year students. Hence H1 is accepted. There is positive correlation between emotional maturities of diploma Nursing students and in final year and nursing students in the final year.