Relevant bibliographies by topics / Immediate risk

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Immediate risk'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Immediate risk"

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Bharad, Dr Rahul V. "Risk Factors and Immediate Outcome of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 04 (April 30, 2017): 21050–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.207.

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Large, Matthew M., and Olav B. Nielssen. "Suicide ideas and immediate suicide risk." Psychiatry Research 209, no. 3 (October 2013): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.008.

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Mostofsky, Elizabeth, Harpreet S. Chahal, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Eric B. Rimm, and Murray A. Mittleman. "Alcohol and Immediate Risk of Cardiovascular Events." Circulation 133, no. 10 (March 8, 2016): 979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.115.019743.

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Nelson, Jonas A., John P. Fischer, Cyndi Chung, Liza C. Wu, Joseph M. Serletti, and Stephen J. Kovach. "Risk of Readmission following Immediate Breast Reconstruction." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 134, no. 2 (August 2014): 193e—201e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000000319.

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Jalovaara, Marika, and Hill Kulu. "Separation Risk over Union Duration: An Immediate Itch?" European Sociological Review 34, no. 5 (July 5, 2018): 486–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcy017.

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Sapundzhiev, D., M. Kocar, A. Kansky, and M. Gorjanc. "P.391 Risk factors for immediate implants failure." Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 36 (September 2008): S265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-5182(08)72179-6.

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STEINBECK, G. "Immediate Risk-Stratification Improves Survival (IRIS): study protocol." Europace 6, no. 5 (September 2004): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eupc.2004.04.008.

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Khalifeh, Ali, Tamara Khashab, Michael Huffner, Zahra N. Rezvani, Justin Kwan, and Shahab Toursavadkohi. "Radial neuropathy following arterial line removal: A rare complication from a routine ICU procedure." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 6 (January 1, 2018): 2050313X1876074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x18760740.

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Radial artery thrombosis is a rare complication of cannulation. There are no reported cases of acute thrombosis and severe acute neuropathy in the setting of cannula discontinuation. We report a case of acute radial nerve mono-neuropathy following thrombosis after radial arterial line removal. The thrombus was immediately evident on exam and diagnostic imaging after cannula discontinuation. The patient was consented and promptly taken to OR for immediate repair. Mild radial neuropathy persisted despite immediate repair. Immediate recognition of signs and symptoms is essential for diagnosis and management, especially in the high-risk population.
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Giliyaru, Sahana, Sahaya Nirmala S., and Adarsh E. "Maternal risk factors and immediate outcome of late preterms." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 5 (August 23, 2019): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193598.

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Background: This study was conducted to analyse the immediate outcome of late preterm babies and also to evaluate the various maternal risk factors in these babies so that close monitoring of these babies for the complications is done and immediate problems can be addressed.Methods: Prospective observational study done in level 3 NICU setting for 6 months. All babies born between 34-36/7 weeks are included in the study and they constitute the cases. Term (above 36 weeks 6 days gestation) newborns babies born during the study period are controls. Maternal history is taken in detail. Risk factors during pregnancy including maternal age, gravida, mode of delivery, medical conditions and birth details. Baby details like gestational age, sex, birth weight, and neonatal morbidities are recorded. The babies are either shifted to NICU or to mother’s side based depending on the baby’s condition. All of them are followed up till discharge.Results: 89 late preterm babies born in the hospital during the study period are included in the study. Out of 89 babies 45are females constituting 50.6% and 44are male babies constituting 49.4%. 20 (22.5%) babies had gestational age between 34-35 weeks.29 babies (32.5 %) had gestational age between 35-36 weeks and 40 babies (45%) are between 36-37 weeks of gestation. 47 babies (52.9%) have birth weight between 1.5-2.49 kg.42 babies (47.1%) have birth weight between 2.5-3.5 kg. The number of babies born by LSCS were 48 (54%) and 41 babies 46% are born through vaginal route.42 babies constituting 48.3% are appropriate for gestational age and 43 babies (49.4%) are small for gestationalage.34 (39.1%) babies required NICU admission and 55 (60.9%) babies did not require NICU admission. Among the maternal risk factors PIH was the commonest risk factor in 22babies (24.7 %), followed by PROM13 (14.6 %), oligohydramnios 6 (6.7 %) ,twin gestation 6 (6.7 %), MSAF 3 (3.4%), IDM 3 (3.4%), Antepartum hemorrhage 3 (3.4%), eclampsia 1 (1.1%) and maternal cardiac disease 1.1%. Neonatal morbidities are 25 late preterm babies had jaundice (28.7%) followed by RDS in 15 (17.2%), sepsis in 9 (10.3%), NEC 2 (2.3%), Hypoglycemia 5 (5.6%) late preterm babies required ventilation/ CPAP constituting 5.7%. Surfactant was used in 2 late preterm babies 2.3%. 87 babies (97.8%) got discharged and mortality is 2.2%.Conclusions: Late prematurity is associated with significant neonatal morbidity.
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Zhukova, D. G., E. S. Fedenko, A. A. Yudin, and O. Y. Rakhimova. "PERIOPERATIVE IMMEDIATE DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY: CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSTICS, RISK ASSESSMENT." Russian Journal of Allergy 11, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja486.

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Background. To evaluate clinical features and to develop the diagnostic algorithm of perioperative drug’s hypersensitivity reactions. Methods. 40 patients who presented perioperative immediate drug’s hypersensitivity reactions were studied in the Central Clinical hospital of the Russian Academy of sciences during 2010-2012. The diagnostic protocol consisted of 2 steps: at the 1 step (during the acute clinical manifestation period) a case history, grade of severity of immediate hypersensitivity reactions, serum tryptase levels have been studied; at the 2 step (6-12 weeks after symptoms were over) inhibition test of natural emigration of leukocytes by Ado, sublingual, skin tests and drug provocation tests have been performed. Results. Clinical manifestations of drugs hypersensitivity were as follows: hypersensitivity reactions grade I (isolated cutaneous manifestations) - in 20 patients (50%), anaphylactic-type reactions - in 20 patients (50%): grade II (moderate anaphylaxis) - in 13 patients (32,5%), grade III (severe life-threatening anaphylaxis) - in 6 (15%), and grade IV (cardiac and respiratory arrest) - in 1 patient (2,5%). Positive tests at least with 1 drug had 28 patients (70%): neuromusculars blockers (22,5%); antibiotics (22,5%); lidocaine (10%); amidotrizoate (7,5%); NSAID (7,5%). Other 12 patients had negative tests (30%) with all suspected agents and moderate clinical symptoms if to compare with others 28 patients (p
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Immediate risk"

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Eriksson, Ulrika K. "Inflammation-associated risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-802-0/.

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Marballi, Ketan K., and Amelia L. Gallitano. "Immediate Early Genes Anchor a Biological Pathway of Proteins Required for Memory Formation, Long-Term Depression and Risk for Schizophrenia." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627116.

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While the causes of myriad medical and infectious illnesses have been identified, the etiologies of neuropsychiatric illnesses remain elusive. This is due to two major obstacles. First, the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Second, numerous genes influence susceptibility for these illnesses. Genome-wide association studies have identified at least 108 genomic loci for schizophrenia, and more are expected to be published shortly. In addition, numerous biological processes contribute to the neuropathology underlying schizophrenia. These include immune dysfunction, synaptic and myelination deficits, vascular abnormalities, growth factor disruption, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction. However, the field of psychiatric genetics lacks a unifying model to explain how environment may interact with numerous genes to influence these various biological processes and cause schizophrenia. Here we describe a biological cascade of proteins that are activated in response to environmental stimuli such as stress, a schizophrenia risk factor. The central proteins in this pathway are critical mediators of memory formation and a particular form of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, long-term depression (LTD). Each of these proteins is also implicated in schizophrenia risk. In fact, the pathway includes four genes that map to the 108 loci associated with schizophrenia: GRIN2A, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc3), early growth response 1 (EGR1) and NGFI-A Binding Protein 2 (NAB2); each of which contains the "Index single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)" (most SNP) at its respective locus. Environmental stimuli activate this biological pathway in neurons, resulting in induction of EGR immediate early genes: EGR1, EGR3 and NAB2. We hypothesize that dysfunction in any of the genes in this pathway disrupts the normal activation of Egrs in response to stress. This may result in insufficient electrophysiologic, immunologic, and neuroprotective, processes that these genes normally mediate. Continued adverse environmental experiences, over time, may thereby result in neuropathology that gives rise to the symptoms of schizophrenia. By combining multiple genes associated with schizophrenia susceptibility, in a functional cascade triggered by neuronal activity, the proposed biological pathway provides an explanation for both the polygenic and environmental influences that determine the complex etiology of this mental illness.
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Ellis, David Harold. "Silver nanoparticles: the immediate benefits of low bacterial resistance and the long-term risk of persistent stress in mammalian cells." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1450827524.

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Wirth, Manfred. "Delaying/Reducing the Risk of Clinical Tumour Progression after Primary Curative Procedures." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134720.

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The advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and increased patient awareness has led to patients being diagnosed with prostate cancer at an earlier stage and a younger age than previously. Adjuvant hormonal therapy to radiotherapy or prostatectomy has been shown to reduce the risk of tumour progression, and in some studies survival benefits have been demonstrated. The non-steroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide (‘Casodex’) has undergone extensive evaluation and is currently undergoing clinical trials as immediate therapy, either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent in patients with localized or locally advanced disease. Data from the first analysis of one of the studies in the Early Prostate Cancer (EPC) programme involving 3,603 patients have shown that, after a median follow-up of 2.6 years, the risk of prostate cancer progression was significantly reduced (by 43%) in patients receiving bicalutamide 150 mg compared with those receiving standard care alone (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.48, 0.69; p ≪ 0.0001). The risk of PSA progression was also significantly reduced (by 63%). At this stage the survival data are still immature. Side effects of bicalutamide were mostly gynaecomastia and breast pain, which is consistent with its pharmacology. Overall withdrawal rates were similar in the bicalutamide 150 mg and standard care alone groups. In the bicalutamide 150 mg group, withdrawals were mainly due to side effects, whereas in the group receiving standard care alone, withdrawals were mainly due to disease progression. The programme is ongoing, and survival data are awaited
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Wirth, Manfred. "Delaying/Reducing the Risk of Clinical Tumour Progression after Primary Curative Procedures." Karger, 2001. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27591.

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The advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and increased patient awareness has led to patients being diagnosed with prostate cancer at an earlier stage and a younger age than previously. Adjuvant hormonal therapy to radiotherapy or prostatectomy has been shown to reduce the risk of tumour progression, and in some studies survival benefits have been demonstrated. The non-steroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide (‘Casodex’) has undergone extensive evaluation and is currently undergoing clinical trials as immediate therapy, either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent in patients with localized or locally advanced disease. Data from the first analysis of one of the studies in the Early Prostate Cancer (EPC) programme involving 3,603 patients have shown that, after a median follow-up of 2.6 years, the risk of prostate cancer progression was significantly reduced (by 43%) in patients receiving bicalutamide 150 mg compared with those receiving standard care alone (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.48, 0.69; p ≪ 0.0001). The risk of PSA progression was also significantly reduced (by 63%). At this stage the survival data are still immature. Side effects of bicalutamide were mostly gynaecomastia and breast pain, which is consistent with its pharmacology. Overall withdrawal rates were similar in the bicalutamide 150 mg and standard care alone groups. In the bicalutamide 150 mg group, withdrawals were mainly due to side effects, whereas in the group receiving standard care alone, withdrawals were mainly due to disease progression. The programme is ongoing, and survival data are awaited.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Roehrig, Megan. "An experimental study of pro-dieting and anti-dieting psychoeducational messages : effects on immediate and short-term psychological functioning and weight control practices in college women." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002170.

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Berglund, Sanna. "To be or not to be a theatre - The future of Brighton Hippodrome : An investigation of the roles of immediate stakeholders in the case of a building at risk." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-360612.

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The research investigates those conflicting interests in the future for the Brighton Hippodrome theatre. The building is in a permanent state of disuse since it closed in 2006. It is in poor condition and is adversely affecting its surrounding environment. Though there has not been much happening in regard to the specific building, there have been a lot in relation to it. It has been sold several times, reports being produced, planning applications have been submitted, but its current state remains the same. The stakeholders involved in Brighton Hippodrome has been the subject of a qualitative study conducted through interviews, analysis of documents and articles. The purpose of the survey has been to look at the interests, resources and values of the various stakeholders. As well as when and under what circumstances the stakeholders interact. Through this, different factors and aspects have been identified as presented in text, illustrations and timelines. The result indicates that there are strong forces with sound aspects involved, though they may seem not to, they do share much in common. A major issue is that decisions not being follow through and there is a lack of communication between stakeholders in which ultimately affects the building negatively and prolongs its current derelict state. The current situation might jeopardise what is stated to be of significant value due to the urgency of repair and the rush to find a new use for the building. There is a risk that a future development might leave some stakeholders disappointed if not handled correctly.
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Ladipo, Oluwateniola Eniola. "Prioritizing Residential High-Performance Resilient Building Technologies for Immediate and Future Climate Induced Natural Disaster Risks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71348.

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Climate change is exacerbating natural disasters, and extreme weather events increase with intensity and frequency. This requires an in-depth evaluation of locations across the various U.S. climates where natural hazards, vulnerabilities, and potentially damaging impacts will vary. At the local building level within the built environment, private residences are crucial shelter systems to protect against natural disasters, and are a central component in the greater effort of creating comprehensive disaster resilient environments. In light of recent disasters such as Superstorm Sandy, there is an increased awareness that residential buildings and communities need to become more resilient for the changing climates they are located in, or will face devastating consequences. There is a great potential for specific high-performance building technologies to play a vital role in achieving disaster resilience on a local scale. The application of these technologies can not only provide immediate protection and reduced risk for buildings and its occupants, but can additionally alleviate disaster recovery stressors to critical infrastructure and livelihoods by absorbing, adapting, and rapidly recovering from extreme weather events, all while simultaneously promoting sustainable building development. However, few have evaluated the link between residential high-performance building technologies and natural disaster resilience in regards to identifying and prioritizing viable technologies to assist decision-makers with effective implementation. This research developed a framework for a process that prioritizes residential building technologies that encompass both high-performance and resilience qualities that can be implemented for a variety of housing contexts to mitigate risks associated with climate induced natural hazards. Decision-makers can utilize this process to evaluate a residential building for natural disaster risks, and communicate strategies to improve building performance and resilience in response to such risks.
Ph. D.
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Bolton, Alexis. "Preventative Behavioral Parent Training: Demonstration of the Immediacy Effects of an Innovative Conduct Problem Prevention Program in Young At-Risk Children." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1345.

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Among preschool-aged children, conduct problems (CP) are the number one reason for referral to mental health professionals. Research has consistently indicated that behavioral parent training (BPT) is the most effective technique for treating children’s disruptive behavior; however, there is a lack of research regarding BPT effects in children below the age of 3. Preventive behavioral parent training (PBPT) can be considered a preventive extension of BPT. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which PBPT might yield immediate effects in reducing rates of conduct problems (i.e., noncompliance and tantrums) displayed by typically developing young children. Overall, findings indicated that all four child participants displayed decreased rates of noncompliance and tantrums as predicted.
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Garro, Laila Sabino. "Identificação dos fatores associados à sensibilização e alergia ao látex em pacientes com defeito de fechamento do tubo neural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-02082013-145640/.

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A alergia ao látex representa um importante problema de saúde em pacientes denominados de risco e está relacionada com a ocorrência de diversas manifestações clínicas, inclusive reações potencialmente fatais. O estudo de fatores associados à sensibilização e alergia ao látex é fundamental para o estabelecimento de medidas eficazes quanto à prevenção, tratamento e conhecimento do prognóstico. O principal grupo de risco para a alergia ao látex são os pacientes com defeito de fechamento do tubo neural. O estudo atual teve como objetivo principal identificar fatores clínicos e sorológicos associados à sensibilização e alergia ao látex em pacientes com defeito de fechamento do tubo neural. A pesquisa também analisou concentrações de corte de IgE específica sérica para látex e alérgenos do látex que pudessem identificar pacientes sensibilizados e alérgicos ao látex e avaliou o comportamento da IgG4 específica para látex como fator de proteção associado à ausência de sintomas. Com o intuito de responder estas perguntas, foi realizado um estudo transversal tipo coorte retrospectiva com 400 pacientes com defeito de fechamento do tubo neural, entre 0 e 18 anos, que estavam em seguimento na Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente - AACD. Após responderem a questionário específico, os pacientes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue periférico para a detecção dos níveis séricos de IgE total, IgE e IgG4 séricas específicas para látex, IgE sérica específica para rHevb1, 3, 5, 6.01, 6.02, 8, 9 e 11, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis, abacate, banana, castanha, mamão, batata, através da metodologia ImmunoCap®. De acordo com a história clínica e o valor da IgE sérica específica para látex, os pacientes foram classificados em quatro grupos: sensibilizados asintomáticos ao látex, alérgicos ao látex, sintomáticos sem sensibilização e controle negativo. A prevalência total de sensibilização ao látex nesta amostra de pacientes foi de 33,2%, sendo 12,2% alérgicos e 21,0% sensibilizados assintomáticos ao látex. Os sintomas cutâneos foram a manifestação clínica mais comum de alergia ao látex (79,6%), sendo a urticária de contato a mais prevalente (67,3%). Houve episódios de anafilaxia associados à exposição ao látex em 21 pacientes (5,2%). Níveis de IgE sérica específica para látex de 0,77 kUA/L foram capazes de diferenciar com boa acurácia os pacientes alérgicos dos demais. Na comparação entre os grupos controle negativo e alérgico, sensibilizado e alérgico, houve diferença entre as variáveis clínicas, cirúrgicas e laboratoriais que estiveram associadas à alergia ao latex. A razão entre IgG4/IgE séricas específicas para látex foi estatisticamente maior no grupo controle negativo. A análise multivariada mostrou na comparação entre o grupo controle negativo e alérgico que a presença de IgE sérica específica para rHevb1 e IgE rHevb5 estão associadas com alergia. Na comparação entre o grupo sensibilizado e alérgico, houve associação de alergia com a presença de IgE sérica específica para rHevb5 e com escore clínico >= 40%. Por outro lado, a IgG4 sérica específica para látex esteve associada à ausência de sintomas no grupo sensibilizado
Latex allergy is an important health problem in patients at risk groups and it is associated with the occurrence of many clinical manifestations, including potentially fatal reactions. The study of factors associated with latex sensitization and allergy is crucial to establish effective measures of prevention, treatment and prognostic. The main risk group for latex allergy is patients with neural tube defects. The objective of this study was to identify the clinical and serologic factors associated with sensitization and allergy to latex. Levels of specific IgE to latex and latex allergens associated with allergy, as well as levels of specific IgG4 associated with clinical tolerance, were established, and its accuracy and cutoff values were calculated. The profile of clinical manifestations, including anaphylaxis, was also characterized. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional cohort of 400 patients with neural tube defects, between 0 and 18 years, who were being followed at the Association for Assistance of Disabled Children - AACD. After answering a specific questionnaire, patients were submitted to blood draw for the detection of total IgE, specific IgG4 to latex, and specific IgE to latex, rHevb (1, 3, 5, 6.01, 6.02, 8, 9, 11), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis, avocado, banana, cashew, papaya, and potato, by ImmunoCAP ® methodology. According to the history and value of specific IgE to latex, patients were classified into four groups: sensitized asymptomatic patients, allergic patients, symptomatic patients and negative control. The overall prevalence of latex sensitization in this sample of patients was 33.2%, with 12.2% of allergic and 21.0% of sensitized patients. The skin symptoms were the most common clinical manifestation of latex allergy (79.6%), and contact urticaria was the most prevalent (67.3%). Anaphylaxis after latex exposure was observed in 21 patients (5.2%). Levels of specific IgE to latex of 0.77 kUA/L were able to differentiate allergic patients, with good accuracy. Comparing the negative control and allergic groups, the sensitized and allergic groups they had differents clinical, surgical and laboratory factors associated with allergy to latex. The ratio serum specific IgG4/IgE to latex was statistically higher in the negative control group. Multivariate analysis showed, in the comparison between the negative control and allergic groups, that the presence of serum specific IgE to rHevb1 and rHevb5 were associated with allergy. Comparing the sensitized and allergy groups, allergy was associated with the presence of serum specific IgE to rHevb5 and clinical score >= 40%. Moreover, serum specific IgG4 to latex was associated with lack of symptoms in the sensitized group.
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Books on the topic "Immediate risk"

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Consultants, GEI. Immediate response action completion report, method 3 risk characterization, and class B-1 response action outcome statement: MBTA storm drain Washington Street, Somerville, Massachusetts. Woburn, MA: GEI Consultants, 2009.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations. Defense health care: Improvements needed in occupational and environmental health surveillance during deployment to address immediate and long-term health issues : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C.]: United States Government Accountability Office, 2005.

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Phillips, Tudor. Risk factors for post-amputation pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0066.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Immediate and long-term phantom limb pain in amputees: Incidence, clinical characteristics and relationship to pre-amputation limb pain’, published by Jensen et al. in 1985. This study examined a cohort of older patients undergoing limb amputation, and carefully related pre-amputation pain to the development and nature of phantom limb pain. The authors demonstrated that a third of patients experienced pain similar to the pre-amputated limb pain immediately after amputation; patients who had experienced pre-amputation pain were more likely to experience phantom limb pain in the first 6 months after the amputation; and persistent phantom limb pain was more likely in patients who experienced stump pain after amputation. The study had clear implications for pain management but, importantly, it also demonstrated that peripheral pain, in the form of pre-amputation and stump pain, was important in determining the development and maintenance of phantom limb pain.
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Fleurke, Floor M. Catastrophic Climate Change, Precaution, and the Risk/Risk Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795896.003.0011.

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Whilst the seriousness of a given problem may call for immediate and targeted intervention, the ensuing uncertain impacts on other elements of inter-connected systems may be equally deleterious. Climate change is a prime example of such a risk/risk dilemma. The risk of inaction must be weighed against the risk of resorting to increasingly tempting responses to mitigate or adapt to the effects of climate change. The precautionary principle might offer some guidance in this risk/risk arena. Precaution is a tool to deal with uncertain risks without dictating outcomes. Although it is commonly associated with a negative regulatory tilt, it can also serve to warrant and mandate the use of, for example, a new technology or substance in order to reduce risks. This chapter explores the dilemma of risk/risk trade-offs in the face of potentially catastrophic climate change, and examines the contours of a precautionary regulatory response to such impasses.
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Corrà, Ugo, and Bernhard Rauch. Acute care, immediate secondary prevention, and referral. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0021.

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Preventive cardiology (PC), as performed in various cardiac rehabilitation (CR) settings, is effective in reducing recurrent cardiovascular events after both acute coronary syndromes or myocardial revascularization. However, the need for newly structured PC programmes and processes to provide a continuum of care and surveillance from the acute to post-acute phases is evident. Phase I CR serves as a bridge between acute therapeutic interventions and phase II CR. After clinical stabilization, phase I CR ideally provides a multifaceted and multidisciplinary intervention, including post-acute clinical evaluation and risk assessment, general counselling, supportive counselling, early mobilization, discharge planning, and referral to phase II CR. All these are important and contribute to achieving the preventive target. All the interventions within phase I CR should be supervised and provided in a comprehensive manner involving several healthcare professionals. For explanatory purposes this chapter analyses and describes these components separately.
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Roger, Mccormick, and Stears Chris. Part VII Characteristics of Legal Risk, 25 Causation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0026.

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This chapter first considers the relationship between the sources of legal risk considered in Chapter 24 and the causes of loss attributable to legal risk identified in the International Bar Association definition. Whereas the sources describe the social circumstances that cause legal risk to arise, the definition is concerned with how an institution, when faced with a legal risk-originated problem, should answer the question: how did this happen (or how can we prevent this happening)? Consideration of the sources helps us to understand why legal risks arise in the broader social context but it is the definition that provides the pointer to the more immediate causes of risk and loss in any specific context. The remainder of the chapter turns to relevant case law.
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Mitchem, Laura, Henrietta Harrison, and Alex G. Stewart. Fire and fear: Immediate and long-term health aspects. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0014.

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Fires can cause significant health concerns within local communities impacted by any associated smoke plume. This chapter discusses the potential public health concerns associated with fires, in particular fires at waste-processing installations. Using an example scenario, actions to be undertaken throughout the incident response, from initial acute phase to recovery, are considered, along with health concerns and fears, real or perceived, involvement of asbestos-contaminant material, multi-agency communication mechanisms, and potential issues associated with long-running fires. The multi-agency mechanisms for response are detailed, including the various coordinating groups (strategic, tactical, recovery coordinating groups (SCG, TCG, RCG, respectively), and expert cells (scientific and technical advisor cell, air quality cell (AQC)). Key points to note in the incident response include concerns raised by the local population, typical health effects associated with exposure to a smoke plume, and tools that support the response to the incident and the public health risk assessment.
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Puttler, Leon I., Robert A. Zucker, and Hiram E. Fitzgerald. Developmental Science, Alcohol Use Disorders, and the Risk–Resilience Continuum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0001.

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The origins and expression of addiction are best understood within the context of developmental processes and dynamic systems organization and change. For some individuals, these dynamic processes lead to risk cumulative or cascade effects that embody adverse childhood experiences that exacerbate risk; predict early onset of drinking, smoking, or other substance use; and often lead to a substance use disorder (SUD) during the transitions to adolescence and emergent adulthood. In other cases, protective factors within or outside of the individual’s immediate family enable embodiment of normative stress regulatory systems and neural networks that support resilience and prevention of SUDs. A case study is provided to illustrate these processes and principles of the organization of addictive behavior. Finally, a model of risk to resilience captures the flow of development and the extent to which individual-experience relationships contribute to risk and resilience.
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Stephen J, Lubben. Part I United States, 3 Lehman’s Derivative Portfolio: A Chapter 11 Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755371.003.0003.

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This chapter looks at the immediate cause of Lehman’s failure, which it argues was the repo market and the company’s inability to access funding for its operations at that time. Lehman’s derivatives were not the direct cause of its failure, but its derivatives, and the growth of the derivatives markets in general, led to the assumption of outsized risks and systemic weaknesses that facilitated the crisis. This chapter suggests that the continuation of the safe harbours ‘as is’ renders chapter 11 nonviable for larger financial institutions, and recent contractual attempts to work around the safe harbors are insufficient to solve the problem, while the increased role of clearinghouses in financial institution failures will force regulators to confront difficult choices. In short, the regulators will have to balance two competing systemic risks: the risk of an unruly resolution of the financial institution, balanced against increased risk to the clearinghouse.
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Cullen, Christian, Shyamkumar Bhatt, Suhel Abo-Hatab, and Jonathan Lautier. National Security Risks: Immediate Challenges Before Summer 2012. University of Buckingham Press, The, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Immediate risk"

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Beagle, Jay R. "Risk Assessment." In Surgical Essentials of Immediate Implant Dentistry, 5–18. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118783412.ch2.

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Price, Albert M. "Immediate Implants: Controversy or Risk Assessment?" In Practical Osseous Surgery in Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, 107–25. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785652.ch10.

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Banu, Nasim. "Cyclone Aila: Immediate Challenges and Impact on Socio-economy." In Disaster Risk Reduction, 319–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8845-2_20.

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McKinnon, Ron C. "Immediate Cause Analysis – High-risk Behaviors (Unsafe Acts)." In A Practical Guide to Effective Workplace Accident Investigation, 113–22. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003220091-20.

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McKinnon, Ron C. "Immediate Cause Analysis – High-risk Conditions (Unsafe Conditions)." In A Practical Guide to Effective Workplace Accident Investigation, 123–29. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003220091-21.

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Nava, Maurizio, Alberto Rancati, Marcelo Irigo, and Julio Dorr. "Risk-Reduction Mastectomy for Breast Siliconomas with Immediate Reconstruction." In Injection-Induced Breast Siliconomas, 195–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24116-2_13.

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Erdik, M. "Earthquake Risk Assessment from Insurance Perspective." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 111–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4_6.

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AbstractThe assessment of earthquake and risk to a portfolio, in urban or regional scale, constitutes an important element in the mitigation of economic and social losses due to earthquakes, planning of immediate post-earthquake actions as well as for the development of earthquake insurance schemes. Earthquake loss and risk assessment methodologies consider and combine three main elements: earthquake hazard, fragility/vulnerability of assets and the inventory of assets exposed to hazard. Challenges exist in the characterization of the earthquake hazard as well as in the determination of the fragilities/vulnerabilities of the physical and social elements exposed to the hazard. The simulation of the spatially correlated fields of ground motion using empirical models of correlation between intensity measures is an important tool for hazard characterization. The uncertainties involved in these elements and especially the correlation in these uncertainties, are important to obtain the bounds of the expected risks and losses. This paper looks at the current practices in regional and urban earthquake risk assessment, discusses current issues and provides illustrative applications from Istanbul and Turkey.
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Lodder, J. "A Prospective Study on the Risk of Immediate Anticoagulation in Cardiac Embolic Stroke." In Central Nervous System Control of the Heart, 245–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2327-3_23.

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Granoff, Melisa D., Ryoko Hamaguchi, and Dhruv Singhal. "Step-by-Step Instruction: Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction for Lymphedema Risk Reduction in Breast Cancer Management." In Multimodal Management of Upper and Lower Extremity Lymphedema, 169–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93039-4_23.

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Gatlin, Patrick N., Jonathan L. Case, Jayanthi Srikishen, and Bhupesh Adhikary. "The High-Impact Weather Assessment Toolkit." In Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 231–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_12.

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AbstractOf the various types of weather phenomena, thunderstorms produce some of the most immediate and impactful hazards—damaging winds and hail, frequent lightning, and intense rainfall. Resilience to high-impact weather can be attained through investment in several key areas: proper infrastructure; effective emergency management; public education; and well-informed weather forecasting services.
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Conference papers on the topic "Immediate risk"

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Hidaka, Akihide. "Efforts Toward Risk Informed Regulation and Immediate Issues in Japan." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48569.

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Based on the basic policy for introduction of Risk Informed Regulation (RIR) expressed by the Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC) of Japan in 2003, NSC set up the taskforce in April 2004 to take an initiative for coordinated collaboration of related organizations for developing scheme of RIR. Since then the taskforce has reviewed the efforts of related organizations and discussed the issues on further utilization of risk information in Japan. According to the final report prepared by the taskforce in September 2007, the risk consideration in related organizations has made a progress in line mostly with the NSC’s basic policy. For example, the regulatory guide for seismic design was revised in 2006 including combination of deterministic and probabilistic approaches. The regulatory body will start a new inspection system in 2008 that considers the risk informed safety classification of structures, systems and components. However, the followings were identified as important issues in the future: i) promotion of advanced and preliminary trials, ii) comprehensive applications using PSA results for both of the representative and individual plants, iii) preparation of acceptance guidelines for safety and performance goals in risk informed decision making, iv) improvement of PSA quality, v) revision of regulatory guides considering risk information, vi) comprehensive evaluation and promotion by NSC for further utilization of risk information, vii) enhancement of infrastructure such as PSA experts and database, viii) promotion of safety research, ix) application to seismic design, x) Introduction of risk informed approaches into nuclear fuel cycle facilities, and xi) promotion of risk communication, etc.
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Ma, Jing, Fan Zhang, and Guy Desjardins. "Risk-Based Mitigation of Mechanical Damage." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64040.

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According to the PHMSA data on reportable incidents, for the 20 years ranging from 1995 to 2014, excavation damage accounted for 16.4% of the incidents on 301,732 miles of gas transmission pipelines and 15.6% of the incidents on 199,210 miles of hazardous liquid pipelines. On the whole, excavation damage is a major cause of incidents, ranking third following incidents caused by material/weld/equipment failure and corrosion. For the purposes of this study, mechanical damage is separated into two categories, i.e. immediate failures and delayed failures. An immediate failure is one which occurs at the instant the damage is done to the pipeline. A puncture, for example, is an immediate failure. Delayed failures involve damage that is not sufficient to cause a leak or a rupture at the time it is inflicted. On average, 14.6% of the mechanical damage incidents in gas transmission pipelines and 13.3% of the mechanical damage incidents in hazardous liquid pipelines can be classified as delayed failures. The immediate failures are generally minimized through the preventative measure and design efforts. For instance, it is shown herein that the puncture probability can be calculated through the comparison between the likelihood of any given external load being imposed and inherent pipe resistance. While preventative measures serve to reduce the occurrences of delayed failures as well as the occurrences of immediate failures, delayed failures are largely mitigated through in-line inspection and timely remediation actions. The fact that the assessment methods for mechanical damage are generally not as robust as those for cracks and corrosion tends to limit the reliability of deterministic calculations of response times. Therefore, in the study described herein, risk-based approaches to minimizing delayed failures were developed. Three different approaches to deciding which dents need to be excavated after an ILI were pursued. One involves the use of reportable incident rates based on the PHMSA statistics in conjunction with the number of ILI dent indications per mile to get a probability of failure. The second consists of a decision-making process based on the ILI-reported dent depths and the dent fatigue life probability-of-exceedance function. The third relates to a decision-making process based on successive excavations of dents located by ILI, in which the Bayesian method is applied to compare predicted versus actual severity and thereby determine the probability of failure associated with stopping after a specific number of excavations.
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Khan, S., A. Diaz, KJ Archer, RR Lehman, TC Mullins, G. Cardenosa, and HD Bear. "Abstract P5-08-37: Intraductal papillomas: Risk of cancer, immediate and delayed." In Abstracts: Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 8-12, 2015; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p5-08-37.

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Haladuick, Shane, and Markus R. Dann. "Risk Based Inspection Planning for Deteriorating Pressure Vessels." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63138.

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Pressure vessels are subject to deterioration processes, such as corrosion and fatigue. If left unchecked these deterioration processes can lead to failure; therefore, inspections and repairs are performed to mitigate this risk. Oil and gas facilities often have regular scheduled shutdown periods during which many components, including the pressure vessels, are disassembled, inspected, and repaired or replaced if necessary. The objective of this paper is to perform a decision analysis to determine the best course of action for an operator to follow after a pressure vessel is inspected during a shutdown period. If the pressure vessel is inspected and an unexpectedly deep corrosion defect is detected an operator has two options: schedule a repair for the next shutdown period, or perform an immediate unscheduled repair. A scheduled repair is the preferred option as it gives the decision maker lead time to accommodate the added labour and budgetary requirements. This preference is accounted for by a higher cost of immediate unscheduled repairs relative to the cost of a scheduled repair at the next shutdown. Depending on the severity of deterioration either option could present the optimal course of action. In this framework the decision that leads to the minimum expected cost is selected. A stochastic gamma process was used to model the future deterioration growth using the historical inspection data, considering the measurement error and uncertain initial wall thickness, to determine the probability of pressure vessel failure. The decision analysis framework can be used to aid decision makers in deciding when a repair or replacement action should be performed. This method can be used in real time decision making to inform the decision maker immediately post inspection. A numerical example of a corroding pressure vessel illustrates the method.
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Koch, Aurélie, Yves Keller, Markus Kost, and Micheal Müller. "RISK Assessment Of A 90 Years Old Penstock: Inspection, Immediate Measures And Replacement." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc2521711920221316.

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Liu, Yuqing, Philip Diwakar, Ismat El Jaouhari, and Dan Lin. "Evaluating and Mitigating Fatigue Risk of Choked Flow." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84074.

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Abstract Uncontrolled manual operation of high energy vent lines could cause immediate fatigue failure at branch connections. Past failures have been attributed to high kinetic energy created due to choked flow at unprotected small-bore branch connections. In this paper, a risk-assessment method has been developed for choked flow in high energy systems. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools were used to simulate formation and propagation of shock wave. A state-of-art method Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) was used to investigate the dynamic pressure fluctuation in the piping system. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to evaluate stresses and vibration responses at the toe of welds. This study found the fatigue risk of choked flow is caused by high-frequency shell-mode vibration. However, unlike the other high-frequency shell-mode vibration phenomenon (the acoustic-induced-vibration) which propagates in the piping system, the risks of choked flow are found to be only in the immediate vicinity of the choking point and decays exponentially with distance. A vibration velocity index defined in recent publications is used and modified to predict the vibration stress in various pipe sizes and branch fittings. Mitigation options are also discussed in this paper.
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Boult, Mark, and Cees de Regt. "Risk Based Inspection (RBI) Within a Mechanical Integrity System: Leveraging Your Mechanical Integrity System." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1032.

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Abstract Implementing a Mechanical Integrity (MI) system provides immediate benefits. This paper identifies some of those benefits, and looks at ways you can leverage your MI system by using its information and data. Means for gaining greater benefit include Risk Based Inspection (RBI), Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) studies, Root Cause Analysis, plus other assessments. This paper discusses where these assessments fit into the MI system and their effectiveness. An RBI study description is included that demonstrates the effectiveness of using MI data and information to reap additional benefits. The outcome of the study was an immediate financial improvement of $1,600,000 by canceling an internal inspection and they by avoiding a one-day facility shutdown. This equated to an immediate return on investment of 16:1. Additional other savings were also identified. The project team estimated that the computerized MI records halved the effort to complete the study, providing an additional saving to the company of $100,000.
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Badgley, Robert H., and Wayne A. Shade. "Vibration Analysis for Immediate Assessment of Battle-Damaged Gas Turbine Engines." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-96.

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Operation of aircraft in hostile combat areas exposes the aircraft to risks of substantial damage or loss. Engine damage can occur as a result of impact or penetration by projectiles or fragments, or by ingestion of impact debris. The risk level depends upon threat, aircraft type, and mission. Historical evidence indicates that damage is often survivable. Aircraft can often be repaired and returned to service. The damaged engine may still be able to operate. Normal action is to remove and replace a damaged engine, but replacement engines may not be available. A procedure is needed at the operational unit level to immediately assess the exact nature and extent of engine damage, as well as rapid (perhaps nonstandard) engine repair procedures for use at forward locations. Such repairs can include reblading of compressors and turbines, replacement of cracked or broken gear cases or gears, and replacement or repair of accessories. Without repairs, the aircraft fleet may quickly lose its effectiveness. Performance indicators, gas path and oil debris quantity and size, and vibration levels can help identify the location and extent of damage. Vibration analysis with portable, computerized equipment can identify damage in the engine’s compressor and turbine rotating components, as well as cracked, broken, or otherwise damaged accessory drive gearboxes and accessories. Vibration analysis either provides an immediate indication that all vibration indicators are within limits, or localizes the damage to specific components for immediate replacement or repair at the operating unit location.
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Aydın, S., HN Kayahan, and DS Arıcı. "P11 Immediate colposcopy findings among women with high risk HPV other than HVPV16/18 and normal cytology." In ESGO Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-esgo.74.

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Frasson, Antônio Luiz, Ana Beatriz Falcone, Isabela Miranda, Betina Vollbrecht, and Mônica Adriana Rodriguez Martinez Frasson. "NIPPLE-SPARING MASTECTOMY WITH IMMEDIATE IMPLANT-BASED RECONSTRUCTION FOR PATIENTS WITH PURE DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1064.

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Introduction: The presence of extensive intraductal component is strongly associated to the increasing risk of nippleareola complex (NAC) relapse. Most of the studies focusing on the outcomes of patients diagnosed with pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) available in the literature performed immediate breast reconstruction using prosthetic implants (saline-filled implant or tissue expander) and autologous tissue flap. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients diagnosed with DCIS who underwent NSM with immediate implant-based breast reconstruction. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed complication rates and oncological safety of 67 breast cancer patients diagnosed with pure DCIS who underwent NSM with immediate implantbased breast reconstruction between 2004 and 2018. Patients who underwent risk reduction NSM with accidental finding of DCIS were included in the study, and all patients were operated by the lead author. Tumor-nipple distance and tumor size were not exclusion criteria. Results: The indications of NSM were risk reduction breast surgery with accidental finding of DCIS (n=4. 6%), multifocal disease (n=16, 23.9%), compromised margins after breast-conserving surgery (n=11, 16.4%), tumors > 40 mm (n=16, 23.9%) and unfavorable relationships between tumor size and breast size or patient preference (n=20, 29.8%). The mean age of the patients was 46.8 years (range 30–75). Of the 69 procedures performed for DCIS, a total of three complications occurred, including two hematomas (2.9%) and one partial nipple necrosis (1.4%). After a mean follow-up of 60 months (range 3–183 months) the local recurrence rate was 8.9%. We observed a tendency of tumor multifocality being a risk factor for local relapse. The disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 90% and none of the patients died during the follow-up. Conclusions: Despite the local recurrence rate, we showed that NSM with immediate breast reconstruction using prosthetic implant is a feasible surgical approach with low complication rates and good disease-free and overall survival rates for patients with pure DCIS when BCS is not an option.
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Reports on the topic "Immediate risk"

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Erkamo, Sanna, Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola, Atte Harjanne, and Heikki Tuomenvirta. Climate Security and Finland – A Review on Security Implications of Climate Change from the Finnish Perspective. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361362.

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This report describes the effects of climate change for Finland from the view of comprehensive security. The report examines both direct and indirect climate security risks as well as transition risks related to climate change mitigation. The report is based on previous research and expert interviews. Direct security risks refer to the immediate risks caused by the changing nature of natural hazards. These include the risks to critical infrastructure and energy systems, the logistics system, health and food security. Indirect security risks relate to the potential economic, political and geopolitical impacts of climate change. Climate change can affect global migration, increase conflict risk, and cause social tensions and inequality. Transition risks are related to economic and technological changes in energy transition, as well as political and geopolitical tensions and social problems caused by climate change mitigation policies. Reducing the use of fossil fuels can result in domestic and foreign policy tensions and economic pressure especially in locations dependent on fossil fuels. Political tension can also increase the risks associated with hybrid and information warfare. The security effects of climate change affect all sectors of society and the Finnish comprehensive security model should be utilized in preparing for them. In the short run, the most substantial arising climate change related security risks in Finland are likely to occur through indirect or transition risks. Finland, similar to other wealthy countries, has better technological, economic and institutional conditions to deal with the problems and risks posed by climate change than many other countries. However, this requires political will and focus on risk reduction and management.
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Levy, Brittany E., Aaron P. Garrison, Daniel von Allmen, Anthony Kraft, and Todd A. Ponsky. Esophageal Foreign Bodies. StayCurrentMD, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47465/sc00002.

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Children less than 5 years old are at high risk for foreign body ingestion or aspiration. Therefore, identifying workup and management principles of foreign body ingestion, in the pediatric population, is necessary for pediatric practitioners. Differentiation of caustic ingestion versus benign ingestion is necessary to determine urgency of management. Plain film X ray imaging can be used to differentiate a button battery versus a coin ingestion, based on the halo sign. The urgency of battery ingestion requires immediate medical attention and endoscopic removal, however treatment with honey during transport may improve outcomes. Perforation can occur via caustic ingestion, sometimes with a delayed presentation. However, the most common cause of esophageal perforation is iatrogenic. In many cases perforation can be managed non operatively if contained and adequately drained.
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Downard, Alicia, Stephen Semmens, and Bryant Robbins. Automated characterization of ridge-swale patterns along the Mississippi River. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40439.

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The orientation of constructed levee embankments relative to alluvial swales is a useful measure for identifying regions susceptible to backward erosion piping (BEP). This research was conducted to create an automated, efficient process to classify patterns and orientations of swales within the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) to support levee risk assessments. Two machine learning algorithms are used to train the classification models: a convolutional neural network and a U-net. The resulting workflow can identify linear topographic features but is unable to reliably differentiate swales from other features, such as the levee structure and riverbanks. Further tuning of training data or manual identification of regions of interest could yield significantly better results. The workflow also provides an orientation to each linear feature to support subsequent analyses of position relative to levee alignments. While the individual models fall short of immediate applicability, the procedure provides a feasible, automated scheme to assist in swale classification and characterization within mature alluvial valley systems similar to LMV.
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Ala, Sílvia, Francisco Ramos, and Inês Relva. Psychological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the mental health of university students - PRISMA Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0006.

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Review question / Objective: Our goal will be to assess the impact on mental health of university students by comparing data from studies during and after contingency measures imposed to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and to identify potential risk and protective factors for mental health. The results will be important for designing appropriate psychological interventions and mental health resources needed by university students. The research question was constructed following the PECO strategy. P=Population includes university students. E= exposure comprises contingency measures (confinement/social isolation/quarantine). C= comparison of studies conducted during and after the contingency measures (confinement/social isolation/quarantine) imposed by the pandemic of COVID-19. O= outcome immediate effect or consequences such as psychological impacts (depression, stress, anxiety, well-being, fear, burnout). Thus, the main question to be asked is: "What is the psychological impact caused by the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic on students' mental health during and after the contingency/restriction measures (confinement/social isolation/quarantine)?"
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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Journeay, M., J. Z. K. Yip, C. L. Wagner, P. LeSueur, and T. Hobbs. Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330295.

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While we are exposed to the physical effects of natural hazard processes, certain groups within a community often bear a disproportionate share of the negative consequences when a disaster strikes. This study addresses questions of why some places and population groups in Canada are more vulnerable to natural hazard processes than others, who is most likely to bear the greatest burden of risk within a given community or region, and what are the underlying factors that disproportionally affect the capacities of individuals and groups to withstand, cope with, and recover from the impacts and downstream consequences of a disaster. Our assessment of social vulnerability is based on principles and analytic methods established as part of the Hazards of Place model (Hewitt et al., 1971; Cutter, 1996), and a corresponding framework of indicators derived from demographic information compiled as part of the 2016 national census. Social determinants of hazard threat are evaluated in the context of backbone patterns that are associated with different types of human settlement (i.e., metropolitan, rural, and remote), and more detailed patterns of land use that reflect physical characteristics of the built environment and related functions that support the day-to-day needs of residents and businesses at the community level. Underlying factors that contribute to regional patterns of social vulnerability are evaluated through the lens of family structure and level of community connectedness (social capital); the ability of individuals and groups to take actions on their own to manage the outcomes of unexpected hazard events (autonomy); shelter conditions that will influence the relative degree of household displacement and reliance on emergency services (housing); and the economic means to sustain the requirements of day-to-day living (e.g., shelter, food, water, basic services) during periods of disruption that can affect employment and other sources of income (financial agency). Results of this study build on and contribute to ongoing research and development efforts within Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) to better understand the social and physical determinants of natural hazard risk in support of emergency management and broader dimensions of disaster resilience planning that are undertaken at a community level. Analytic methods and results described in this study are made available as part of an Open Source platform and provide a base of evidence that will be relevant to emergency planners, local authorities and supporting organizations responsible for managing the immediate physical impacts of natural hazard events in Canada, and planners responsible for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the broader context of sustainable land use and community development at the municipal level.
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Benton, Tim, Antony Froggatt, Laura Wellesley, Owen Grafham, Richard King, Neil Morisetti, James Nixey, and Patrick Schröder. The Ukraine war and threats to food and energy security: Cascading risks from rising prices and supply disruptions. Royal Institute of International Affairs, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135225.

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Global resource markets are still reeling from the impacts of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine; the two countries are major suppliers of energy, food and fertilizers. Supply disruption and the sudden imposition, in response to the crisis, of unprecedented economic sanctions, trade restrictions and policy interventions have caused prices of commodities to skyrocket. Before the conflict, demand for global resources already exceeded supply and drove up prices as economies rebounded after the COVID-19 pandemic. This gave rise to a global cost-of-living crisis, characterized by increasing levels of energy and food poverty. This situation is likely to become much worse as a consequence of the war in Ukraine, and poses a threat to human security, particularly among low-income and vulnerable populations. Governments must invest now to build resilient societies and economies to meet these long-term challenges. Mitigating the most immediate harms to populations is a top priority for policymakers, but failure to keep long-term objectives in mind – climate change mitigation, in particular – can lead to bad decisions that further embed existing fragilities in economic and social systems.
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Gallardo, Laura, Rafiq Hamdi, A. K. M. Saiful Islam, Ian Klaus, Zbigniew Klimont, Jagdish Krishnaswamy, Izidine Pinto, et al. What the Latest Physical Science of Climate Change Means for Cities. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/supsv108.2022.

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The 6 th Assessment Report cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (AR6) comes at a precipitous moment in history. Human influence has warmed the planet, and widespread and rapid impacts are occurring to natural and human systems in all regions of the world. In response, immediate action is needed if there is to be any hope of limiting global warming to 1.5°C or well below 2°C below pre-industrial levels, as well as preparing for and adapting to current and future risks. The transformations needed in response to climate change will require decisive action in cities and urban areas. Cities and urban areas are a major source and driver of emissions; they are also crucial sites for system transitions in the near term and transformations over longer time frames
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Gikandi, Levi. COVID-19 and Vulnerable, Hardworking Kenyans: Why it's time for a strong social protection plan. Oxfam, Kenya Red Cross Society, Concern Worldwide, ACTED, IMPACT Initiatives, The Centre for Rights, Education and Awareness (CREAW), Wangu Kanja Foundation, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6591.

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Seven NGOs, the Kenyan government, the European Union and the Danish and German governments are working together to implement a ’Safety Nets’ programme targeting Kenya’s millions of informal workers. With rising food insecurity and sexual and gender-based-violence, mounting job losses, poor access to water and sanitation, and a lack of formal safety nets, the Kenyan informal sector has suffered the brunt of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Safety Nets programme has revealed that cash transfers which support the most vulnerable people, and are implemented safely, transparently and accountably, have the potential to help vulnerable households stave off starvation, infection and eviction. They can also help reduce the vulnerability of survivors and those at risk of sexual and gender-based violence. The results of this programme demonstrate that nascent Kenyan ‘social protection’ programmes should be 1) immediately extended and expanded to the many vulnerable Kenyans currently not enrolled in any social protection programme; and 2) strengthened long-term to make them more effective, sustainable and accountable.
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Mosquna, Assaf, and Sean Cutler. Systematic analyses of the roles of Solanum Lycopersicum ABA receptors in environmental stress and development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604266.bard.

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Drought and other abiotic stresses have major negative effects on agricultural productivity. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many responses to environmental stresses and can be used to improve crop performance under stress. ABA levels rise in response to diverse abiotic stresses to coordinate physiological and metabolic responses that help plants survive stressful environments. In all land plants, ABA receptors are responsible for initiating a signaling cascade that leads to stomata closure, growth arrest and large-scale changes in transcript levels required for stress tolerance. We wanted to test the meaning of root derived ABA signaling in drying soil on water balance. To this end we generated transgenic tomato lines in which ABA signaling is initiated by a synthetic agonist- mandipropamid. Initial study using a Series of grafting experiments indicate that that root ABA signaling has no effect on the immediate regulation of stomata aperture. Once concluded, these experiments will enable us to systematically dissect the physiological role of root-shoot interaction in maintaining the water balance in plants and provide new tools for targeted improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
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