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Journal articles on the topic 'Immersed structures'

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1

Iguchi, T., T. Sugaya, and Y. Kawano. "Silicon-immersed terahertz plasmonic structures." Applied Physics Letters 110, no. 15 (2017): 151105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4980018.

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2

Griffith, Boyce E., and Neelesh A. Patankar. "Immersed Methods for Fluid–Structure Interaction." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 52, no. 1 (2020): 421–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060228.

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Fluid–structure interaction is ubiquitous in nature and occurs at all biological scales. Immersed methods provide mathematical and computational frameworks for modeling fluid–structure systems. These methods, which typically use an Eulerian description of the fluid and a Lagrangian description of the structure, can treat thin immersed boundaries and volumetric bodies, and they can model structures that are flexible or rigid or that move with prescribed deformational kinematics. Immersed formulations do not require body-fitted discretizations and thereby avoid the frequent grid regeneration tha
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3

Strychalski, Wanda, and Robert D. Guy. "Viscoelastic Immersed Boundary Methods for Zero Reynolds Number Flow." Communications in Computational Physics 12, no. 2 (2012): 462–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.050211.090811s.

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AbstractThe immersed boundary method has been extensively used to simulate the motion of elastic structures immersed in a viscous fluid. For some applications, such as modeling biological materials, capturing internal boundary viscosity is important. We present numerical methods for simulating Kelvin-Voigt and standard linear viscoelastic structures immersed in zero Reynolds number flow. We find that the explicit time immersed boundary update is unconditionally unstable above a critical boundary to fluid viscosity ratio for a Kelvin-Voigt material. We also show there is a severe time step rest
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4

Ju, Liehong, Peng Li, and Ji hau Yang. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON COEFFICIENT OF WAVE TRANSMISSION THROUGH IMMERSED VERTICAL BARRIER OF OPEN-TYPE BREAKWATER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (2011): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.55.

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Extensive researches have been done for the interaction between open-type pile foundation structure and waves, including uplift force of wharf deck, horizontal force of structure and wave transmission behind breakwaters, among which wave transmission is mainly discussed in this paper. The wave transmission through a single immersed vertical barrier is analyzed by use of the physical model experiment; and an approximate formula to calculate the coefficient of wave transmission through a barrier is presented. Finally the wave damping effect of twin barriers is tested and analyzed.
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5

Cao, Shuai, Chun Hua Xu, Ya Bo Huang, et al. "Wetting Property of Cu-Doped ZnO with Micro-/Nano-Structures." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.61.

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ZnO with different morphologies were formed on Zn foils immersed in various concentrations of CuSO4 solutions. Then the specimens were heated at temperature of 200~600°C in air for 3h. The morphologies of as-prepared specimens were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Water wetting angles on the specimens were measured. The results indicate that the morphologies of ZnO on the Zn foils relate to the CuSO4 concentration of in solutions. The morphologies on the specimens with dual-scale (nanoand micro) structure have higher wetting angles than those with flat structure. The wate
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6

Koo, Weoncheol, Eun-Hong Min, SangHun Lee, Minju Maeng, and Sanghwan Heo. "EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON WAVE REDUCTION BY TWO PERMEABLE SUBMERGED BREAKWATERS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 38 (May 29, 2025): 59. https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v38.structures.59.

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This study presents an experimental and numerical study of incident wave reduction and transmission coefficients for impermeable and permeable double submerged breakwaters. The experiments were carried out by constructing an immersed breakwater using gravel in a physical wave tank. Numerical analyses were performed using a two-dimensional fully nonlinear numerical wave tank consisting of a fluid domain and a porous domain. The transmission coefficient of the incident wave was small for the permeable submerged breakwater, and the smallest for the Bragg reflection condition with the gap of the b
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7

Clark, Joseph A., Paul M. Honke, and J. Michael Ellis. "Holographic measurement of power flow in large immersed structures." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89, no. 4B (1991): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2029748.

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8

Boilevin-Kayl, Ludovic, Miguel A. Fernández, and Jean-Frédéric Gerbeau. "Numerical methods for immersed FSI with thin-walled structures." Computers & Fluids 179 (January 2019): 744–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.05.024.

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9

Binder, G. "Research on protective coating systems for immersed steel structures." Materials and Corrosion 52, no. 4 (2001): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4176(200104)52:4<261::aid-maco261>3.0.co;2-3.

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10

Feng, Wenwen, Wenkang Yao, Lin Yuan, et al. "Effect of Pouring Techniques and Funnel Structures on Crucible Metallurgy: Physical and Numerical Simulations." Materials 17, no. 19 (2024): 4920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17194920.

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In the planar flow casting process of amorphous strips, the flow behavior of molten metal and the inclusion content in the crucible are crucial to the morphology and magnetic properties of the material. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the effects of non-immersed and immersed funnels, as well as various funnel structures, on the fluid flow and inclusion removal efficiency in the crucible by integrating numerical and physical models. The findings reveal that for the same pouring flow rate, the diameter of the liquid column in non-immersed pouring conditions is smaller than that of
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11

Uhlig, Manuel R., Simone Benaglia, Ravindra Thakkar, Jeffrey Comer, and Ricardo Garcia. "Atomically resolved interfacial water structures on crystalline hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces." Nanoscale 13, no. 10 (2021): 5275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr00351h.

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12

Santos, Maria Angela Vaz dos, and Armando Miguel Awruch. "Numerical Analysis of Compressible Fluids and Elastic Structures Interaction." Applied Mechanics Reviews 48, no. 11S (1995): S195—S202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3005071.

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A finite element algorithm to simulate two dimensional flows of viscous and inviscid compressible fluids for a wide range of Mach numbers is presented in this work. This model is coupled to immersed deformable structures through equilibrium and compatibility conditions in order to analyze its dynamic behavior. For the fluid, time integration is performed by a two-step Taylor-Galerkin explicit scheme and Newmark’s method is used to obtain the dynamic response of the structure. An arbitrary mixed Euler-Lagrange description is used to re-define a new finite element mesh in the presence of the imm
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13

MEGE, Romain. "ICONE19-43307 Analytical solutions for the study of immersed unanchored structures under seismic loading." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011): _ICONE1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1943_137.

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14

Hao, Jian, Zhilin Li, and Sharon R. Lubkin. "An augmented immersed interface method for moving structures with mass." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B 17, no. 4 (2012): 1175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcdsb.2012.17.1175.

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15

Batista, Elismar, Levi Adriano, and Willian Tokura. "Gradient Einstein-type structures immersed into a Riemannian warped product." Journal of Geometry and Physics 176 (June 2022): 104510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2022.104510.

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16

Goza, Andres, and Tim Colonius. "A strongly-coupled immersed-boundary formulation for thin elastic structures." Journal of Computational Physics 336 (May 2017): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2017.02.027.

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17

Barcet, Matthieu, William Benguigui, Jérôme Laviéville, et al. "WAVE IMPACT ON BREAKWATER ARMOR BLOCKS USING IBM-DEM CFD COUPLING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 38 (May 29, 2025): 7. https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v38.structures.7.

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The stability of armor units against wave action is a critical issue for coastal and harbor breakwaters. Most of the time, the breakwater stability is determined based on semi-empirical design formulae, as well as with experimental campaigns on scale models in wave basins. The present work aims to approach breakwater stability through a numerical deterministic approach using a DEM- CFD (Discrete Element Method – Computational Fluid Dynamics) method which simulates the individual motion of armor units inside a fluid solver. The fluid is solved using EDF Eulerian-Eulerian CFD code neptune_cfd, a
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18

Alderson, John Stewart, Henry Cruickshank, Boudewijn Decrop, and Tijs Cornu. "PASSING VESSEL AND TIDAL FLOW IMPACTS ON SUBMERGED TUNNEL ELEMENTS DURING INSTALLATION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 38 (May 29, 2025): 53. https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v38.structures.53.

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A number of numerical and physical model studies were used to assist in the design and future construction of the Oosterweel tunnel Project at Antwerp, Belgium. The tunnel will consist of 8 tunnel elements, to be immersed in water depths of up to 30m with ebb and flood tidal currents up to 2m/s. The design of the immersion and mooring systems are therefore a crucial part of the installation as well as understanding the effects of passing vessel on it, whilst in a temporary state before final back fill. The studies investigate the different hydraulic load cases on various tunnel elements (TEs)
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19

Huang, Hongyuan, Yao Rong, Xiao Xiao, and Bin Xu. "Vibration Characteristics Analysis of Immersed Tunnel Structures Based on a Viscoelastic Beam Model Embedded in a Fluid-Saturated Soil System Due to a Moving Load." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (2023): 10319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810319.

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This study aims to investigate the vibration responses on underwater immersed tunnels caused by moving loads, taking into account factors such as the viscoelastic characteristics of riverbed water, foundation soil, and the immersed tunnel itself. An ideal fluid medium is adopted to simulate the water, while a saturated porous medium is used to simulate the riverbed soil layer. The immersed tunnel structure is simplified as an infinitely long viscoelastic Euler beam, and the vibration effects are described by the theory of the standard linear solid model, taking into account structural damping.
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20

Viré, A., J. Xiang, and C. C. Pain. "An immersed-shell method for modelling fluid–structure interactions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2035 (2015): 20140085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0085.

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The paper presents a novel method for numerically modelling fluid–structure interactions. The method consists of solving the fluid-dynamics equations on an extended domain, where the computational mesh covers both fluid and solid structures. The fluid and solid velocities are relaxed to one another through a penalty force. The latter acts on a thin shell surrounding the solid structures. Additionally, the shell is represented on the extended domain by a non-zero shell-concentration field, which is obtained by conservatively mapping the shell mesh onto the extended mesh. The paper outlines the
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21

Sidibe, Y., F. Druaux, D. Lefebvre, F. Leon, and G. Maze. "A Noncontact Method for the Detection and Diagnosis of Surface Damage in Immersed Structures." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2015 (May 19, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/429749.

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Detection and diagnosis method is proposed for surface damage in immersed structures. It is based on noncontact ultrasonic echography measurements, signal processing tools, and artificial intelligence methods. Significant features are extracted from the measured signals and a classification method is developed to detect the echoes resulting from surface damage in an immersed structure. The identification of the damage is also provided. Gaussian neural networks trained with a specific learning algorithm are developed for this purpose. The performance of the method is validated by laboratory exp
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22

Timalsina, Asim, Gene Hou, and Jin Wang. "Computing Fluid-Structure Interaction by the Partitioned Approach with Direct Forcing." Communications in Computational Physics 21, no. 1 (2016): 182–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.080815.090516a.

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AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new partitioned approach to compute fluid-structure interaction (FSI) by extending the original direct-forcing technique and integrating it with the immersed boundary method. The fluid and structural equations are calculated separately via their respective disciplinary algorithms, with the fluid motion solved by the immersed boundary method on a uniform Cartesian mesh and the structural motion solved by a finite element method, and their solution data only communicate at the fluid-structure interface. This computational framework is capable of handling FSI p
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23

Lee, Kwang-Ho, and Do-Sam Kim. "Development of Simplified Immersed Boundary Method for Analysis of Movable Structures." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers 33, no. 3 (2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.9765/kscoe.2021.33.3.93.

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24

Cao, Yong, Yuchuan Chu, Xiaoshi Zhang, and Xu Zhang. "Immersed finite element methods for unbounded interface problems with periodic structures." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 307 (December 2016): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2016.04.020.

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25

YAJIMA, Shoji, Jiro FUNAKI, and Katsuya HIRATA. "1659 Basic Flow Structures around a Washer Immersed in Uniform Flow." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2007.2 (2007): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2007.2.0_305.

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26

Fauci, Lisa J., and Aaron L. Fogelson. "Truncated newton methods and the modeling of complex immersed elastic structures." Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 46, no. 6 (1993): 787–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpa.3160460602.

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27

Sitnikova, N. L., O. E. Philippova, and E. S. Obolonkova. "Kinetically frozen structures in polymer gels immersed in a poor solvent." Macromolecular Symposia 160, no. 1 (2000): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3900(200010)160:1<175::aid-masy175>3.0.co;2-u.

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28

Yan, Ge, Li Yan, and Zhu Xichang. "Accelerated Study of Zinc Mesh Anodes for Reinforced Concrete Structures." Materials Performance 50, no. 2 (2011): 26–28. https://doi.org/10.5006/mp2011_50_2-26.

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A zinc mesh anode can provide effective protection to reinforced concrete structures that have been corroded by chlorides in moist environments. This article introduces accelerated corrosion experiment results of concrete specimens covered with zinc mesh/electrochemically active mortar material alternately immersed in salt water and exposed to air.
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29

ZHANG, ZHI-QIAN, JIANYAO YAO, and G. R. LIU. "AN IMMERSED SMOOTHED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR FLUID–STRUCTURE INTERACTION PROBLEMS." International Journal of Computational Methods 08, no. 04 (2011): 747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876211002794.

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A novel procedure, immersed smoothed finite element method (immersed S-FEM) is proposed for solving fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems with moving nonlinear solids, using triangular type of mesh. The method consists of well-combined three ingredients: two-step Taylor-characteristic-based-Galerkin (TCBG) method for incompressible viscous Navier–Stokes flows, the S-FEM for explicit dynamics analysis of nonlinear solids and structures, and FSI conditions using immersed technique with a modified direct force evaluation technique. Such a combination is designed for ensuring stability, best
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30

Lu, Hongduo, Samuel Stenberg, Clifford E. Woodward, and Jan Forsman. "Structural transitions at electrodes, immersed in simple ionic liquid models." Soft Matter 17, no. 14 (2021): 3876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm02167a.

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We used a recently developed classical Density Functional Theory (DFT) method to study the structures, phase transitions, and electrochemical behaviours of two coarse-grained ionic fluid models, in the presence of a perfectly conducting model electrode.
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31

Syed Nuzul Fadzli, S. A., S. Roslinda, and Firuz Zainuddin. "Sol Gel Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Apatite Forming Ability of Silica-Based Composite Glass in SBF." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.125.

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In this study, xerogel glass based on SiO-CaO-PO4 was synthesized by a low temperature acid catalysed sol-gel route. The in vitro evaluation of apatite forming ability for the glass was conducted in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution as the glasses were immersed for duration of 1, 7, 24 hours and 7 days. The XRD analysis showed that the glass formed semi-crystalline structure when sintered at 1000oC and consisted of Ca2O7P2 and Ca2O4Si phases. Image captured using FESEM showed the apatite-like structures were eventually formed on the glass top surface in small numbers after the glass immersed
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32

Zhu, Yao-Yu, Shen-You Song, Wei Liu, Ya-Wei Guo, Li Zhu, and Jia-Xin Li. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Cross-Sectional Mechanical Behavior of a Steel–Concrete Immersed Tube Tunnel." Buildings 12, no. 10 (2022): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101553.

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This paper presents a proposed static test and numerical study on the mechanical properties of steel-shell–concrete-structure-immersed tunnel nodes, which is used to investigate the seismic performance and damage mechanism of steel-shell–concrete-structure-immersed tunnel nodes. The test is based on the immersed tube tunnel project in the deep China channel, and the nodes representing the outermost and innermost vertical walls of the immersed tube tunnel, i.e., L-shaped and T-shaped node specimens, were designed and fabricated at a scale of 1:5, and the specimens were mainly subjected to the c
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33

Zhou, Xiaojie, Qinghua Liang, Yueyu Zhang, Zhongxian Liu, and Ying He. "Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Seismic Response of Immersed Tunnel in Horizontally Layered Site under Obliquely Incident SV Waves." Shock and Vibration 2019 (July 24, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3131502.

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A three-dimensional (3D) detailed numerical model of an immersed tunnel in a horizontally layered site is established in this study. The 3D seismic response of the immersed tunnel in a horizontally layered site subjected to obliquely incident waves is analyzed based on the precise dynamic stiffness matrix of the soil layer and half-space via combined viscous-spring boundary and equivalent node stress methods. The nonlinear effects of external and internal site conditions on the whole model were determined by equivalent linearization algorithm and Mohr–Coulomb model, respectively. The proposed
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34

Wang, Sheldon. "A Revisit of Implicit Monolithic Algorithms for Compressible Solids Immersed Inside a Compressible Liquid." Fluids 6, no. 8 (2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6080273.

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With the development of mature Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools for fluids (air and liquid) and Finite Element Methods (FEM) for solids and structures, many approaches have been proposed to tackle the so-called Fluid–Structure Interaction or Fluid–Solid Interaction (FSI) problems. Traditional partitioned iterations are often used to link available FEM codes with CFD codes in the study of FSI systems. Although these procedures are convenient, fluid mesh adjustments according to the motion and finite deformation of immersed solids or structures can be challenging or even prohibitive. Mor
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35

Rizzo, Piervincenzo, Jian-Gang Han, and Xiang-Lei Ni. "Structural Health Monitoring of Immersed Structures by Means of Guided Ultrasonic Waves." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 21, no. 14 (2010): 1397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x10384170.

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36

Norouzi, Hamid R., Maryam Tahmasebpoor, Reza Zarghami, and Navid Mostoufi. "Multi-scale analysis of flow structures in fluidized beds with immersed tubes." Particuology 21 (August 2015): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2015.01.005.

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37

Mege, Romain. "Pseudo-analytical model for sliding immersed structures under time-history earthquake loadings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 15, no. 3 (2016): 1297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9990-8.

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38

Chern, Ming-Jyh, Wei-Cheng Hsu, and Tzyy-Leng Horng. "Numerical Prediction of Hydrodynamic Loading on Circular Cylinder Array in Oscillatory Flow Using Direct-Forcing Immersed Boundary Method." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/505916.

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Cylindrical structures are commonly used in offshore engineering, for example, a tension-leg platform (TLP). Prediction of hydrodynamic loadings on those cylindrical structures is one of important issues in design of those marine structures. This study aims to provide a numerical model to simulate fluid-structure interaction around the cylindrical structures and to estimate those loadings using the direct-forcing immersed boundary method. Oscillatory flows are considered to simulate the flow caused by progressive waves in shallow water. Virtual forces due to the existence of those cylindrical
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39

Yuchao, Ma, Mo Juan, Yu Jinshan, Li Xiang, and Zheng Zhongyuan. "Study on Sound Field Distribution Rule for Tank Structures of Large Oil-immersed Transformers." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301021.

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Large oil-immersed transformers are an important part of the transmission and distribution network in power systems. Power transformers are the main noise source of substations. Because of the uneven manufacturing process, aging equipment, long-term operation, and close distance from sensitive points, the problem of transformer noise pollution has become increasingly prominent. In this paper, the transmission and analysis model is established for transformer sound waves on the interface between insulating oil and tank body according to the sound wave propagation rule in complicated medium, and
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40

Valenti, Robert, Alex Brudno, Michael Bertoulin, and Ian Davis. "Fort Point Channel: Concrete Immersed-Tube and Ventilation Building Design." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1541, no. 1 (1996): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154100119.

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The Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel Project in Boston, Massachusetts, is one of the largest highway projects over undertaken in the country. It requires the replacement of the existing elevated artery, I-93, with an underground tunnel extending through downtown Boston and an extension of the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority (MTA) I-90 from its existing termination at the I-93 interchange to Boston's Logan International Airport. The I-90 extension tunnels east under the existing South Station intercity and commuter railroad tracks, under historic Fort Point Channel while crossing above the 1
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41

Jaiswal, J. P., and R. H. Ojha. "Some properties of K-contact Riemannian manifolds admitting a semi-symmetric non-metric connection." Filomat 24, no. 4 (2010): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1004009j.

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In this paper we present an investigation of differential geometric structures arising on immersed manifolds in K-contact Riemannian manifolds admitting semi-symmetric non-metric connection. Some properties of semi-symmetric non-metric connection in K-contact Riemannian manifolds are also obtained.
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42

Alamoudi, Ruaa A., and Sawsan T. Abu Zeid. "Effect of Irrigants on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Two Bioceramic Root Repair Materials." Materials 12, no. 12 (2019): 1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121921.

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The purpose of this study was to compare different irrigants’ effect on two EndoSequence root repair materials’ push-out bond strength. Sixty root slices were filled either with EndoSequence premixed fast-set putty or regular-set paste, and then immersed either in sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine gluconate, or saline (as control) for 30 min, after which the slices were subjected to the push-out test. The surface structures were evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared. Fast-set putty exhibited greater displacement resistance when immersed in saline and subje
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43

COPOS, CALINA A., and ROBERT D. GUY. "A POROUS VISCOELASTIC MODEL FOR THE CELL CYTOSKELETON." ANZIAM Journal 59, no. 4 (2018): 472–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181118000081.

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The immersed boundary method is a widely used mixed Eulerian/Lagrangian framework for simulating the motion of elastic structures immersed in viscous fluids. In this work, we consider a poroelastic immersed boundary method in which a fluid permeates a porous, elastic structure of negligible volume fraction, and extend this method to include stress relaxation of the material. The porous viscoelastic method presented here is validated for a prescribed oscillatory shear and for an expansion driven by the motion at the boundary of a circular material by comparing numerical solutions to an analytic
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44

Liao, Xin, Wenda Zhang, Jiannan Chen, et al. "Deterioration and Oxidation Characteristics of Black Shale under Immersion and Its Impact on the Strength of Concrete." Materials 13, no. 11 (2020): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112515.

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Black shale, which usually contains pyrite, is easily oxidized and generates acid discharge. This acidic environment is not favorable for concrete in engineering applications and is likely to affect the durability of engineering structures. This study investigated the effect of acid discharge from the weathering of black shale on the strength of concrete under partially immersed conditions. Black shale concrete immersion tests were conducted at different immersion depths to evaluate the oxidation conduction of black shale. Water chemistry and oxidation products were monitored during and after
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45

Iovane, Giacomo, Hayeon Kim, Domenico Tizzano, et al. "Cementitious materials with biological additive for enhanced durability in marine environment." ce/papers 6, no. 5 (2023): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1992.

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AbstractConcrete structures suffer from cracking that leads to deterioration and shortening of service life. This is very critical for underwater structures, i.e., immersed bridge piles, immersed tunnel or submerged floating tunnels, which are consistently susceptible to ingress of harmful ions (chloride, sulphate and carbonate ions). Autonomous healing of concrete cracks can be beneficial to assure durability performance during the service life. In this context the paper presents a preliminary experimental activity carried out to study the self‐healing capacity of cementitious composites in m
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46

Junge, Michael, Dominik Brunner, and Lothar Gaul. "Solution of the FE-BE Coupled Eigenvalue Problem for Immersed Ship-like Structures." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 46, no. 1 (2011): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.46.15.

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47

Boustani, Jonathan, Michael F. Barad, Cetin C. Kiris, and Christoph Brehm. "An immersed boundary fluid–structure interaction method for thin, highly compliant shell structures." Journal of Computational Physics 438 (August 2021): 110369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2021.110369.

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48

Sartori, Michael A., and Joseph A. Clark. "Animated visualization of structural dynamics and acoustic radiation associated with immersed hull structures." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95, no. 5 (1994): 2903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.409278.

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Vashishth, Anil K., and Vishakha Gupta. "Scattering of ultrasonic waves from porous piezoelectric multilayered structures immersed in a fluid." Smart Materials and Structures 21, no. 12 (2012): 125002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/21/12/125002.

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Grétarsson, Jón Tómas, and Ron Fedkiw. "Fully conservative leak-proof treatment of thin solid structures immersed in compressible fluids." Journal of Computational Physics 245 (July 2013): 160–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2013.02.017.

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