To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Immigrant entrepreneur.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Immigrant entrepreneur'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Immigrant entrepreneur.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Oye, Joshua. "IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR HUMAN RESOURCE STRUCTURE." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19379.
Full textAbstract:
Most immigrants relocate to the "land of opportunities" in search of greener pastures. Because of their desperate circumstances, they often work much harder than the average American to succeed. Strong social ties embedded in ethnic communities of immigrant populations have been considered vital assets for immigrant entrepreneurs (Yang et al. 2011, p. 639). However, little quantitative research has been done on the influence of biological kinship and altruism within the arena of ethnic entrepreneurs. It is well-documented that successful immigrant entrepreneurs and businesses can create jobs for others as well. Members of the same ethnic group often form communities in a host country. These communities live near one another, speaking the same language and honouring the same culture. These factors play an essential role in immigrant entrepreneurship and the creation of enclave businesses. Ethnic economies potentially provide a protected market for production of ethnic goods and an opportunity for greater business networks - including providing experience and apprenticeship to co-ethnic employees. In this study, the hypothesis is that small businesses founded and operated by immigrants are much more likely to hire immigrants, especially immigrants from a home country identical or similar to their own. The data collected by questionnaire was analysed using the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS). Frequency distribution tables were used to analyse the research questions. To accept or reject the hypothesis, a statistical analysis was conducted. The formulated hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics chi-square. As far as immigrant entrepreneurs and their businesses are concerned, the descriptive study methodology used to test the hypothesis was successful in the sense that the results validated the idea that indeed immigrant small business owners are drawn towards other immigrants, preferably of their own ethnic or cultural background.
2
Wang, Yanwu. "Chinese Immigrant Small Businesses in Sweden - Uppsala Perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243339.
Full textAbstract:
Immigrant small business (ISB) in Sweden has brought much attention to some researchers in the past decade. However, most of ISB researchers in Sweden are dealing with immigrants as a whole group rather than study them separately by regions or countries. It is hard to know the specific characteristics of ISB with different ethnic background. In this paper, I study one ethnic group, Chinese immigrant’s, small business by case study approach, to answer the research questions: reasons of self-employment, factors of influencing start-ups and business growth. According to empirical findings, prosperity achieving, career changing, and migration are the three main reasons of self-employment; network and local language skill are the two key factors influencing Chinese ISB start-ups; good market opportunities, higher industry rivalry, shortage of successor, and lack of development ambition are the four factors influencing business growth. With the empirical findings, I examine the previous influential ISB theories, which include minorities theory, ethnic enclave economy, and mixed embeddedness. I find ethnic enclave and mixed embeddedness theories can explain some of empirical findings, but not all of them, which means Chinese ISB in Sweden has specific characteristics which need further investigation.
3
Alghafir, Yahya. "Addressing Challenges Faced by Small Business Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Houston, Texas." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4193.
Full textAbstract:
Immigrant entrepreneurs play a significant role in the economic development of the United States. However, some small business immigrant entrepreneurs are less successful than small business nonimmigrant entrepreneurs. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore the strategies some small business immigrant entrepreneurs use to sustain and grow their businesses profitably. Using a purposeful sampling technique, the population for this study consisted of 5 small business immigrant entrepreneurs having sustained and grown businesses for a minimum of 5 years in Houston, Texas. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was a combination of Barney's resource-based theory and the Light's disadvantage theory of business enterprise. Data collection consisted of interviews, field notes about observations, and review of documentation related to business strategies. Data analysis involved a process of disassembling data into common codes, reassembling data into themes, interpreting meaning, and making conclusions. The following 4 themes emerged from data analysis: providing good customer service, offering lower prices than competitors, offering popular products, and keeping costs and expenses low. Results showed that small business immigrant entrepreneurs concentrate on differentiation and cost control to sustain and grow their businesses profitably. The implications for positive social change included the potential to provide small business immigrant entrepreneurs with knowledge to improve their business strategies, thereby enhancing their contribution to the prosperity of their families, their employees, and their local community.
4
Xu, Kunlin. "The importance of cross-cultural capabilities for Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/110823/2/Kunlin_Xu_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis takes a novel approach to investigating cross-cultural capabilities of Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia. Results show that cross-cultural capabilities include two main dimensions: capability of psychological adaptation (including emotion management and positive attitude) and capability of sociocultural adaptation (including cultural learning, language skills and bicultural flexibility). Further, Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs are heterogeneous with five diverse immigrant entrepreneur groups in terms of their cross-cultural capabilities, namely pragmatists, challengers, optimists, integrators and assimilators. This thesis also provides evidence of the impact of cross-cultural capabilities on immigrant entrepreneurs' business outcomes that are associated to venture growth.
5
Rudnick, Jil. "Immigrant Entrepreneurship and the path through business life : From a causational to an effectual logic of business support." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45271.
Full textAbstract:
This article is about immigrant entrepreneurs and their way through business life in an unfamiliar business world. Focusing on the region of Växjö, Sweden the article presents different attitudes of immigrant entrepreneurs and shows common problems and barriers. The article investigates how immigrant entrepreneurs’ deal with their daily life and what they struggled with in the past. What kind of barriers do immigrants face when they leave their home country? The overall aim is to research what support is needed in order to help regional immigrant entrepreneurs with their business. Therefore this article highlights barriers which immigrant entrepreneurs struggle with. As the regional support programs influence the path of business life the article presents their perspective as well. These supporters have a lot of experience in dealing with immigrant entrepreneurs which can be used to investigate improvements. As the most outstanding result, this article presents the importance of overall integration in the host country. The way through business life for immigrant entrepreneurs is characterized by an effectual logic but the support to entrepreneurs is often based on a causation-logic. Therefore the support givers should consider focusing on the individual entrepreneurs and the surroundings that influence the integration.
6
Ip, Kin Ting. "Experiences of immigrant entrepreneurs in the context of the Swedish society." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166665.
Full textAbstract:
Immigrant entrepreneurs are seen in many societies in present days, no exception for a country like Sweden with a significant number of foreign-born populations. This thesis gets in touch with current immigrant entrepreneurs in the country to obtain first-hand experiences in the entrepreneurial process. The thesis explores the factors affecting these immigrant entrepreneurs in business establishment from the first-person point of view. Employing the mixed embeddedness approach in analysis, the thesis investigates the interactions between the immigrant entrepreneurs and the environment. Every part of the society and individual characteristics could impact the decision made by immigrant entrepreneurs regarding business establishment. The establishment of business is a result of contributions from many different elements surrounding the immigrant entrepreneur. This thesis represents some of the many actual experiences in the Swedish society. There is still an extensive field left to explore and many diversified experiences to be discovered.
7
Strömberg, Michaela, and Judith Bindala. "Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Sweden – Strategies for Firm Growth." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-74482.
Full textAbstract:
Firm growth can be seen as a driving and determinant factor for economical development and employment in Sweden and other counties. SMEs plays an important role and are bearing most of the economical growth and employment on their shoulders and represent 99,4 percent of all the firms registered in Sweden, which in return makes it important that they grow and develop. Every fifth firm established today is run by an immigrant entrepreneur and so far the immigrant entrepreneurs represent 14 percent of the firms in Sweden and most of these firms are considered as SMEs. The interest of immigrant entrepreneurship within academic research and media has increased during the last years and different studies have shown what impact immigrant entrepreneurs have on the Swedish society and how much they contribute to the Swedish economical growth and employment. A study done by Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth (2010a) showed that immigrant entrepreneurs tend to have a more positive attitude towards firm growth than native entrepreneurs. Although immigrant entrepreneurs have a positive attitude towards firm growth there are some barriers to firm growth that they face which in return can prevent or slow down the firm growth. Strategies are important since they allow firms to achieve firm growth and business goals. The aim of our study is to increase the understanding of strategies that immigrant entrepreneurs’ develop in order to achieve firm growth. Based on one previous study conducted by SCB (Efendic et al., 2012) studying firm growth and immigrant entrepreneurship, we have managed to identify a research gap that needs to be fulfilled. This thesis will contribute will relevant knowledge and data for entrepreneurs as well as individuals to get a deeper understanding of how immigrant entrepreneurs work in order to reach firm growth. The data collection and analysis of the research allowed us to be able to answer the research question; “How do immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden develop strategies in order to reach firm growth in their business?” To carry on with the study and collect relevant data for the research, we took the direction of abductive approach with a qualitative research strategy. The interviews and empirical findings consist of six different immigrant entrepreneurs based in Sweden. From the findings, the authors came across different strategies that are commonly used by immigrant entrepreneurs. Furthermore, internal and external factors and barriers provided in the literature also influenced the firm growth. It was really interesting to see that many of the most common prejudices that exist within immigrant entrepreneurship were false in this study. This is proved since none of the immigrant entrepreneurs limit their markets to the ethnical groups and most of the firms did not use the personal network in terms of family and friends when building up the staff base. Outsourcing was a strategy that used within many of the firms in order to continuously to reach firm growth. It was also interesting to see that the personal history of the entrepreneur had a huge impact on the firm growth and the business goals.
8
Braha, Krenare, and Azra Karupovic. "Invandrarföretagares användning av bootstrapping : en kvalitativ studie om invandrarföretagares användning av bootstrapping beroende på företagets livscykel och företagarens egenskaper." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10831.
Full textAbstract:
Både entreprenörskap och invandring har ökat kraftigt i Sverige, såväl som globalt. Idag finns det över en miljon bolag i Sverige där enmansföretag (74,8%) och mikroföretag (21,7%) utgör den största delen. Detta ger en klar syn över att det svenska näringslivet domineras främst av mindre företag. Bakom många av dessa mindre företag står individer med utländsk bakgrund. Under 2010 talades det om att var sjunde företag som startas i Sverige, drivs av en individ med rötter från en annan del av världen.En av de viktigaste drivkrafterna för ett lands ekonomiska tillväxt är företag, vilket är en stor anledning till att fokus ligger på hur dessa väljer att finansiera sin verksamhet. Problemet för många invandrarföretagare är svårigheten med att erhålla extern finansiering under företagets livscykel, vilket leder till att alternativa finansieringsmetoder används som bootstrapping. Bootstrapping betyder att ”ta sig själv i kragen” samt att se till att bli ”självförsörjande”. Forskare menar på att företagarens egenskaper också spelar en väsentlig roll vid val av finansiering.Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska huruvida invandrarföretagarens användning av bootstrapping påverkas av företagarens egenskaper och företagets livscykel. En hermeneutisk forskningsfilosofi har använts tillsammans med en deduktiv ansats och en kvalitativ metod. Detta för att skapa en djupare förståelse för ett okänt område. Den kvalitativa undersökningen har genomförts med hjälp av åtta respondenter för att ge svar på studiens problemformulering och syfte.Uppsatsen indikerar på att invandrarföretagare främst använder sig av ägarfinansierad under introduktions- samt tillväxtfasen. Studien påvisar att fördröjande bootstrapping även är en vanlig metod som invandrarföretagare använder sig utav under tillväxtfasen. En annan metod som också är användbar men inte i lika stor utsträckning är relationsorienterad bootstrapping. De mest påverkande egenskaperna vid användning av bootstrapping är företagarens kontrollbehov över verksamheten samt riskbenägenhet mot externa finansiärer.<br>Both entrepreneurship and immigration has increased dramatically in Sweden, as well as globally. Today there are over a million companies in Sweden where one-person (74.8%) and micro enterprises (21.7%) represent the largest portion. This gives a clear view that the Swedish economy is dominated by small firms. Behind many of these smaller companies are individuals with a foreign background. In 2010 it was shown that every seventh company that was started in Sweden, operated by a person with roots from another part of the world.One of the main forces of a country's economic growth is the companies, which is a major reason that focus lies on how they choose to finance their business. The problem for many immigrant entrepreneurs is difficulty in obtaining external financing during its life-cycle, which leads to alternative financing methods used, named bootstrapping. Bootstrapping means to “lift oneself up” and make sure to become “self-sufficient”. Scientists believe that the entrepreneur's characteristics also play a significant role in the choice of financing.The purpose of this paper is to explore whether immigrant entrepreneur's use of bootstrapping is affected by the entrepreneur's characteristics and the company’s life cycle. A hermeneutic research philosophy has been used in conjunction with a deductive and a qualitative approach. The reason for using a qualitative approach is to create a deeper understanding of an unfamiliar area. The qualitative study has been performed with the help of eight respondents to answer the study's problem and purpose.The paper indicates that immigrant entrepreneurs mainly uses owner-financed in the introduction and growth phase. The study demonstrates that delaying bootstrapping is also a common method that immigrant entrepreneurs use during the growth phase. Another method that is also used but not as much as the other two methods is relationship oriented bootstrapping. The most influencing characteristics when using bootstrapping is the need of control over the business and risk aversion against external financiers.
9
Xu, Yansi, Alexandre Renou, and Victorine Ayah Rehn. "Factors influence entrepreneurial immigrants come to Sweden to create businesses." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1026.
Full textAbstract:
<p>There is no reason to refuse the fact that, in the coming years, Europe is going to face a new wave of immigration. The birth rate is in decline and life expectancy in the European continent is higher than before. As a consequence, there are two major problems: a shortage of labour and the financing of the pensions (Kohler, Billari & Ortega, 2002). World Bank warns European Union that for stabilizing the amount of working age population in 2050 like in 1995, would involve a net migration of 79 million within the EU25. There should be new flow of immigration. As a consequence, the phenomenon combines immigration and entrepreneurship will be vital for countries’ future growth within Europe. However, consider Sweden as the area of study by combining the immigration entrepreneurship study and business start-up abroad. Therefore, the questions of why the entrepreneurs choose to go to other countries for business venture and why they choose Sweden as the host country become a topic to study in this research paper.</p><p>The purpose of the research is going to find out the motivations for the initiative of entrepreneurial immigrants’ choice of Sweden as a host country. In order to find the result for the purpose, the research chose to use an inductive and exploratory approach to find out why those entrepreneurial immigrants indented to come to establish business in Sweden. Those reasons were investigated from previous research; experts working with foreigners who arrived in Sweden for business purpose, and the entrepreneurial immigrants who arrived in Sweden for new ventures. The data collection based on a qualitative method. According to the research purpose, the theories were chosen in the field of migration and entrepreneurship. Determinants of immigration and entrepreneurship were listed and explained. Based on the interview, information was categorized with the determinants listed in the theoretical frame work.</p><p>Based on the analysis, the empirical information shows that entrepreneurs came to Sweden not only for business reasons. All of the Local Development Managers and entrepreneurs interviewed considered that entrepreneurial immigrants chose to create business in Sweden with immigration purpose. However, if we want to apply this result to all entrepreneurial immigrants, further quantitative study would be required.</p>
10
Oliveira, André Luiz Santos de. "Enésima Itália : dimensões sociológicas da migração de empreendedores de origem italiana para o estado de Sergipe nos últimos anos." Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8297.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>At the beginning of the XXI century, more specifically in the last decade, the state of Sergipe, north-eastern region of Brazil, became destination for groups of foreign immigrants who started their businesses in the state, among these entrepreneurial immigrants, a group of Italians active in area of real estate development and construction. A case study based on the analytical approach of mixed embeddedness was conducted on this group with a theoretical focus on post-industrial theories. In the mentioned model, the individual (entrepreneur) and his/ her relations don´t have total centrality as object of analysis, but also the “structure of opportunities” in which they are inserted and also the political-institutional framework in force in a given time and place are considered for analyses. In the analysis of this process are also implied the exploration of forms of capital and the resources mobilized by those entrepreneurs. The study evidenced that in the experience and performance of the Italians in Sergipe, the fragility experienced by them in terms of social capital and, to some extent, human capital, was shown to be ameliorated by high economic capital and, to some extent, also by ethnic capital. It was demonstrated that an adequate understanding of the business dynamics of this group requires an evaluation of how they manage to mobilize said forms of capital within the specific political, social and economic framework of Sergipe region in the period.<br>Neste início de século XXI, mais especificamente na última década, o estado de Sergipe, na região nordeste do Brasil, passou a ser destino de grupos de imigrantes empreendedores estrangeiros que abriram negócios no estado. Entre esses imigrantes empreendedores, um grupo de italianos atuantes na área de incorporação imobiliária e construção civil. Na abordagem de tal grupo, foi conduzido um estudo de caso, sob a perspectiva analítica do mixed embeddedness, priorizando o enfoque teórico nas teorias pós-industriais, em vistas de explicação do referido movimento migratório. No referido modelo, o indivíduo (empreendedor) e suas relações deixam de ter total centralidade enquanto objeto de análise, para se considerar também a importância da estrutura de oportunidades na qual se insere e ainda o quadro político-institucional vigente em dado tempo e local. Na análise do caso, são implicados ainda a exploração das formas de capital e dos recursos mobilizados por tais empreendedores. O estudo indicou que na experiência e desempenho dos italianos em Sergipe, a fragilidade vivenciada em termos de capital social no que tange ao local de destino e, de algum modo, do capital humano, mostrou ser amenizado por meio do alto capital econômico e, em certa medida, também do capital étnico do qual são detentores. Constatou-se que uma adequada compreensão da dinâmica dos negócios desse grupo, requer uma avaliação de como conseguem mobilizar as referidas formas de capital dentro do específico quadro político, social e econômico da região de Sergipe no período.<br>São Cristóvão, SE
11
Lu, Kevin, and David Raman. "Invandrarföretagarens begränsningar påverkar valet av revisor." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13012.
Full textAbstract:
Från 1918 och framåt har invandringsströmmen varit större än utvandringen i Sverige. Till följd av att invandringen har överstigit utvandringen de senaste 95 åren är detta en av faktorerna som har bidragit till folkökningen i Sverige. Den stigande folkökningen i Sverige har skapat en mer konkurrenskraftig arbetsmarknad, där efterfrågan av sysselsättning ökar men utbudet är begränsat. En del av de utrikes födda har haft svårighet att hitta sysselsättning under en längre period på grund av målgruppens begränsningar. För lösa denna problematik har flera invandrare startat eget företag. Flertal av invandrarföretagare har olika former av begränsningar exempelvis språkliga, juridiska och formella. De har ett annat karaktärsdrag än etnisk svenskar, därför är invandrarföretagarens preferenser om vilka faktorer som är väsentliga vid val av revisor vara skiljaktig mot en etnisk svensk. Vilket leder till vår forskningsfråga som undersöker vilka faktorer påverkar val av revisor för småföretagare med utländsk bakgrund? Syftet med forskningen är att förstå vilka faktorer som är väsentliga när en småföretagare med utländsk bakgrund väljer sin revisor med tanke på företagarens begränsningar. En hermeneutisk forskningsfilosofi har använts under studien med en abduktiv forskningsansats och en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Den kvalitativa forskningsmetoden har utförts genom intervjuer, där intervjuerna har utförts med fem respondenter i Region Skåne. Svaren som genererades utifrån intervjuerna analyseras i utgångspunkt med förslagen som har tagits fram i teoretisk referensramen. Slutsatsen indikerar att invandrarföretagares begränsningar påverkar deras val av revisor. I denna studie har vi kunnat påvisa samband mellan olika begränsningar och olika specifika faktorer hos revisorn. Ett samband som kunde påvisas är exempelvis invandrarföretagarens begränsningar i svenska och revisorns förmåga att tala företagarens modersmål.<br>Since 1918 onwards, the immigration has been greater in Sweden than the emigration. As a result of immigration exceeding the amount of emigration in the past 95 years, it is one of the elements contributing to the increase in population in Sweden. The growing population in Sweden has created a competitive labor market, where demand for work increases but the supply is limited. Finding employment for a longer period has shown to be a difficult for some non-natives because of the restrictions of the target group. To solve this problem, many immigrants choose to start their own company. Many immigrant entrepreneurs have different restrictions, for instance; linguistic, legal, and formal. They posses contrasting characteristics from ethnic Swedes, hence having contrasting preferences from ethnic Swedes about which factors are essential when choosing auditors. Accordingly, it leads to our research question which examines what factors affect the choice of auditor for small business owners with a foreign background? The aim of this research is to understand the essential factors for small business owners with a foreign background, considering their restrictions, when choosing an auditor. A hermeneutic research philosophy with an abductive research approach and a qualitative research method has been used in this study. The qualitative research method has been carried out through interviews, where the interviews were conducted with five respondents in Region Skåne. The answers from the interviews are analyzed based on the propositions that were developed in the theoretical framework. The conclusion indicates that the restrictions of immigrant entrepreneurs affect their choice of auditor. In this study we have been able to demonstrate a correlation between different restrictions and different specific factors of the auditor. A correlation that could be demonstrated is for example the immigrant entrepreneur’s restrictions in the Swedish language and the auditor’s ability to speak the business owner’s mother tongue.
12
Jiang, Guohua. "The determinants and performance of international new ventures: three studies." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216547.
Full textAbstract:
Business Administration/International Business Administration<br>Ph.D.<br>New venture internationalization differs from that of large established firms and is an important research inquiry for international entrepreneurship. In the past 30 years, studies on new venture internationalization have proliferated but with fragmented nature. The first study reviews extant studies regarding conceptual and methodological developments of international new ventures (INVs) through content analysis of 74 influential works. Particularly, this study focuses on the determinants and performance of INVs at the entrepreneur, firm, and environment levels. We then identify significant gaps within this stream of research and suggest future research directions. The second study explores the effect of founding team ethnic composition on a new venture's internationalization strategic choice and then examines the consequent performance implications of INV strategy. A new venture with an ethnically diversified founding team could leverage international experience and network of each of its founders, thereby influencing its recognition of opportunities and access to resources to pursue internationalization strategy. Analyzing longitudinal data of 4,928 new ventures in Kauffman Firm Survey, our empirical results suggest that more immigrant entrepreneurs in a new venture's founding team are more likely to pursue INV strategy while more US citizen entrepreneurs in a founding team will pursue domestic new venture (DNV) strategy. Furthermore, an INV has higher revenues than a DNV but there is no difference in profits between them. The findings suggest that early internationalization is critical to immigrant-started new ventures through revenue growth. The third study explores the survival of ethnic new ventures, particularly testing the roles of INV and ethnic entrepreneurs' immigration status. New ventures are more likely to fail in early years of formation as they face liability of newness and smallness. We found that ethnic new ventures overall have a lower likelihood of survival compared with non-ethnic new ventures. But, ethnic new ventures could increase survival through INV strategy and immigration status. After ethnic entrepreneurs' naturalization, ethnic new ventures could achieve legitimacy, seeking further social capital in host country. Meanwhile, INV strategy could compensate for ethnic new venture's liability of ethnicity in host country. By incorporating diaspora and ethnic entrepreneurship literature, my dissertation focuses on the role of immigrants on early internationalization strategy and the effect of such strategy on performance and survival of their started new ventures, further advancing the understanding of international entrepreneurship.<br>Temple University--Theses
13
Sinnya, Utsav, and Nipesh Parajuli. "Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Why Immigrants choose to become self-employed? : A Qualitative study of South and Southeast Asian Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Umea City." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54651.
Full textAbstract:
After going through the literature on entrepreneurship we found that very little studies have been done whether culture and family business traditions influence the decisions of entrepreneurship. Most people from the South and Southeast Asia had cultural and family business backgrounds. The purpose of our study is to investigate if culture and family business traditions of South andSoutheast Asian immigrants affect their decision to become self-employed and if so how. This will enhance the understanding of whether this factor is also important to motivate the entrepreneurs to be self-employed. Most of the studies have pointed out the motivational factors such as pull factors and push factors as being the main influencing factors for immigrant entrepreneurs to choose self-employment. Although, there are various literatures on entrepreneurship and its motivating factors, cultural and family based business traditions, limited study has focused on showing how the cultural and family business background affect the decision making abilities of the entrepreneurs. We have focused on the immigrant entrepreneurs born in South and Southeast Asian region operating their businesses in Umea city. For conducting this study we have used semi-structured interviews from our six respondents to collect the data. Based on our findings we found that the entrepreneurs are influenced by culture and family business traditions. Their social identity plays an important role in motivating them to become entrepreneurs. These immigrants are exposed to business environment from a very early age which helps shape up their business minds. The experience gained from their parents and the cultural and family business traditions act as business opportunity for them in the host country. We believe that this study would be helpful in the future for other scholars who are willing to conduct further research on this particular topic of interest. Our findings have increased the understanding of how the cultural and family business traditions of South and Southeast Asian region do affect the entrepreneurs’ decision to become self-employed in Umea.
14
Hall, Margaret-Ann. "English Caribbean immigrant entrepreneurs in Montreal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ43624.pdf.
Full text
15
Zhou, Joe Xiongwei. "Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in New England area." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44438.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2008.<br>More and more Chinese immigrants came to the U.S. to start a whole new life. Some of them became entrepreneurs. This study focused on Chinese new immigrant entrepreneurs in New England area, and analyzed what factors have the most effective impact of the Chinese new immigrants to become an entrepreneur. This is first survey to study the career choice and entrepreneurship experience of Chinese immigrants in the New England area. From 190 complete responses, 66 of them are entrepreneurs. In this survey study, we have gained valuable information of the well-educated Chinese immigrants in the New England area. Also, we studied the specific characteristics of these Chinese entrepreneurs, and tried to identify some features that are helpful to becoming a successful entrepreneur. Based on the survey result, (1) working in a small company, (2) having responsibilities relating to greater China, (3) holding a position in general management or sales and marketing, and (4) attending social activity at least once per month are positive factors contributing to Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs.<br>by Joe Xiongwei Zhou.<br>M.B.A.
16
Wang, Che Hung. "The Transitional Factors of Professional Immigrant Entrepreneurs." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556115827009662.
Full text
17
Shala, Drilon, Simon Kidane, and Wan Roe Ong. "Immigrant Entrepreneurship : A case study of Immigrant Entrepreneurs' challenges in the Jönköping Municipality." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11314.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Background & Problem discussion: </strong>Recently, there has been an increased interest in topics such as immigrant entrepreneurship. Considering that most of the research until now is done in America with American examples, it would be beneficial if such results are verified or refuted in other countries as well, such as Sweden (Brundin, Bögenhold and Sundin, 2001). Overall, businesses ran by immigrant entrepreneurs are creating job opportunities and encouraging Europe’s economy, even though exposed to limited immigration policies and unpleasant public opinion (Halkias et al., 2007). Immigrant entrepreneurs are not a new phenomenon in Sweden and according to Hammarstedt (2004) immigrant self-employment compared to native small-businesses has increased throughout the years, and therefore an important role in the integration of immigrants was made possible by the self-employment sector as a source of employment.</p><p>Rather than that, most of the research done in this topic by many researchers has been focused in factors triggering immigrant entrepreneurs to start a business, but less researchers were focused in understanding the challenges they face and strategies they adopt in order to survive.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this thesis is to <em>identify</em> challenges that immigrant entrepreneurs face while starting and running their businesses and <em>analyze</em> how they are interrelated and how do immigrant entrepreneurs <em>cope</em> with them in the setting of a medium-sized town in Sweden. Jönköping as a medium sized town in Sweden is our context.</p><p><strong>Theoretical framework: </strong>The literature used in this study covers studies conducted in different context such as: American, European and Swedish. The conducted studies involve case studies in different context done with immigrant entrepreneurs are mainly about the challenges they face and the strategies they adopt as solutions to those challenges. Such theory helped us identify common challenges among immigrant entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, considering that the existing literature does not explicitly discuss the role of the context (metropolitan, large city, medium-sized town, small (rural town), local community etc), we have to inquire especially into that and use our own data to build a supplementary theory.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The method used in this study is a qualitative approach but also with some minor elements of a quantitative approach (the use of the questionnaire during the interviews asked from the respondents to rank the challenges and therefore helped to find out the most significant challenge among them). Considering that generally our study followed a qualitative approach, we have conducted ‘face-to-face’ interviews. There were eight semi-structured interviews. All of the interviews were tape recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study showed that challenges faced by our respondents were: start-up finance, finance for growth, access to markets, lack of language skills, lack of marketing/sales skills, lack of management skills, access to technology, lack of education, lack of visitors to Jönköping, maintaining customers, Swede’s negative views on immigrant businesses, awareness of food among customers, and competition. However, the four most significant challenges among them were: access to markets, start-up finance, lack of language skills and finance for growth.</p><p>Besides that the findings show that the strategies that are adopted by immigrant entrepreneurs that we interviewed include the following: use of personal savings, use of personal networks, bank loan, enter low market barriers, scanning the market beforehand, asking help from their customers about language barriers or taking a language course before starting, among others.</p><p>The findings showed that the context is important to a great extent but besides context, in order for the immigrant venture to occur it matters to a great extent, who the individual entrepreneur is and what business idea he/she develops. In addition, they are key factors contributing not only to the immigrant venture occurrence, but also to the success of the business.</p>
18
Mazahaem, Flores Ali. "Human capital effect on second generation immigrant entrepreneurs." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/879.
Full textAbstract:
Interest in entrepreneurship has increased in the past few years as more schools are beginning to incorporate subject and degrees specializing in the area as well as individuals mobilizing into an entrepreneurial lifestyle due to the lack of opportunities in the standard workplace environment. Historically, immigrants have made up a large majority of entrepreneurs and it has been their primary way of upward mobility in society. The boom in high tech start-ups and other small businesses in the last decade have primarily been driven by children of immigrants. As a result of these recent trends this study analyses the foreign born children of immigrants and their entrepreneurial capacity. The intent of this study is to find to what extent human capital affects the entrepreneurial capacity of immigrant children, if any. By analyzing the Theory of Human Capital in Entrepreneurship and its main variables, the study aims to find their level of human capital. Through the gathering of recent population data, analysis of research journals, publications and books, we evaluate the level of human capital and how it affects the capacity of the individual. Historically, evidence has shown a correlation between the two and we hope to contribute to the research and better understand its role in our subject matter as well as bring more awareness to a topic that lacks information.<br>B.S.B.A.<br>Bachelors<br>Business Administration<br>Management
19
Uddin, Md Reaz. "Opportunity Recognition Process of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52750.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on comprehending the opportunity recognition process of immigrant entrepreneurs. A qualitative study was designed centering on the research question: how immigrant entrepreneurs recognize entrepreneurial opportunities in Sweden. The study needed to gather life experiences of immigrant entrepreneurs to understand the process thus individuals were selected purposively who are doing business in Sweden coming from another country. The selected immigrants were interviewed using semi-structured interview guides. The data were properly managed, transcribed in verbatim, coded and used for the analysis applying pattern matching techniques. This study identifies that previous knowledge and experiences assist immigrant entrepreneurs to recognize opportunities. Immigrant entrepreneurs have been categorized into four groups based on experiences: immigrants having home experiences tend to recognize similar opportunities in the host country to transfer previous expertise; immigrants gaining host experiences in an industry tend to look for opportunities in the same industry ; immigrants having diversified experiences from home and other countries search for opportunities in innovative fields; immigrants gaining host experiences in one industry recognize opportunities in another industry focusing on problems and needs. Immigrant entrepreneurs rely on short courses, university degree, TV programs, the internet and research for education and learning that in turn guide in recognizing opportunities. Environment factors directly or indirectly assist immigrant entrepreneurs providing information, technical and consultation services, and inspiration. The components of environment factors identified are Almi, Coompanion, Drivhuset, Science parks, Incubator, Nyföretagarcentrum, Island of entrepreneurs, Banks, Social recognition and the Swedish lifestyle. It is also identified that immigrant entrepreneurs take assistance from the social capital consisting of family, friends, customers, suppliers, entrepreneurs (own country and Swedish) in exchanging ideas to recognize opportunities. Immigrant entrepreneurs express that psychological attributes such as self-actualization, self-confidence, risk taking, optimism and creativity complement their strides in this regard. This study identifies that the prepared mind of immigrants assists to detect phenomena from surrounding to turn into entrepreneurial opportunities. This study presents a broader scenario of opportunity recognition process of immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden. Simultaneously it shows the specific paths of opportunity recognitions with implications of social capital, environment factors, alertness, learning, psychological attributes and social capital in perspective of the experiences of immigrant entrepreneurs.
20
Gonzalez, Jose Delfin. "Beyond the Enclave: Success Strategies of Immigrant Entrepreneurs." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4062.
Full textAbstract:
In the United States, immigrant entrepreneurs start almost one third of all new businesses. However, many immigrant entrepreneurs lack the knowledge or expertise to evolve their businesses beyond the ethnic enclave where the businesses are located. This multiple case study captured the strategies used by 5 Latino immigrant business owners who successfully expanded their business beyond their ethnic enclave. The conceptual framework for this study was dynamic capabilities theory. Data were collected from interviews, company documents, and observations of the operation of businesses and owners. Member checking and transcript reviews were used to enhance the reliability and credibility of the data. Miles, Huberman, and Saldana's data analysis method was used to identify 6 themes that yielded 3 possible strategies to help Latino immigrant business owners expand outside of their enclave: (a) adopt a multicultural hybridism model changing the internal make-up of the employee base to include more interethnic labor and managerial resources; (b) achieve language and cultural proficiency of the host community; and (c) seek and nurture professional development and mentorship relationships to obtain access to advice, opportunities, and financial resources. Also noted was the importance of individual readiness to seize opportunities and being tenacious in their business efforts. The study findings may contribute to positive social change because strategies that help immigrant entrepreneurs succeed have benefits that extend beyond their immediate family to the broader communities in which they operate by increasing job creation, wealth accumulation, and the development of society.
21
Bolzani, Daniela <1980>. "Internationalization intentions: micro-foundations and psychological distance perceptions in immigrant and non-immigrant entrepreneurs." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5541/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation project aims at shedding light on the micro-foundations of international entrepreneurship, focusing on the pre-internationalization phase and taking an individual-level perspective. Three research questions are investigated building on a cognitive model of internationalization intentions. First, what are the antecedents to internationalization intentions, i.e. desirability and feasibility, and how they interact with psychological distance towards internationalization options. Second, what is the role of previous entrepreneurs’ experience on such antecedents, in particular for immigrant vs. non-immigrant entrepreneurs. Third, how are these antecedent elements influenced by entrepreneurs’ individual-level motivations and goals. Using a new data set from 140 independent, non-internationalized, high-tech SMEs and their 169 owners, a variety of analytical techniques are used to investigate the research questions, such as structural equation modeling, hierarchical regression and a "laddering" technique. This project advances our theoretical understanding of internationalization and international entrepreneurship and has relevant implications for entrepreneurs and policy-makers.
22
Gaynor, Bruce David. "Success Strategies of Latin American Immigrant Small Business Entrepreneurs." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4515.
Full textAbstract:
Small business restaurants represent a significant segment of the U.S. economy; however, many small business restaurants fail before 5 years of operation. The purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to explore the strategies entrepreneurs used to sustain operations beyond 5 years. The population for this study was 3 Latin American immigrant small business restaurant owners in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia, who had sustained operations for more than 5 years. The conceptual framework consisted of entrepreneurship and knowledge management theories. The data derived from semistructured interviews and organizational documents presented by the participants. Data analysis involved using a modified van Kaam method and qualitative analysis software to identify and analyze emergent themes. The 3 themes were cultivation of ego-networks, human capital development, and engaged entrepreneurial activities. The findings from this study suggest that small business owners enhance their external social network, advance the human capital of employees and the entrepreneur, and apply entrepreneurial orientation practices. Using study findings, small business restaurant owners may be better able to have sustainable businesses and, thus, contribute to their local communities' economic and social well-being. Implications for positive social change include the potential to prevent the economic and socially damaging effects of business failures and unemployment as well as the potential to cultivate a skilled U.S. Latin American workforce, through the advancement of human capital.
23
Enow, Manyi. "IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP : Case studies of challenges faced by immigrant entrepreneurs in a large and small Swedish city." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13459.
Full textAbstract:
Title: Immigrant Entrepreneurship - Case studies of challenges faced by immigrant entrepreneurs in a large and small Swedish city. Purpose: The purpose is to investigate if the challenges faced by immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden differ between large and small cities. Method: Eight case studies, four in Jönköping and four in Stockholm of seven Asian and one Eastern Europe immigrant entrepreneurs in the restaurant business. Results: The typical Jönköping case and the typical Stockholm case are similar with respect to some challenges faced: a lack of finance, marketing and sales skills are key challenges, and language is not a strong challenge in either city. The typical cases are different with respect to whether or not working longer hours, high rent and administrative and regulatory requirement are challenges. Keywords: Challenges, Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship, Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Immigrants, Jönköping and Stockholm
24
Mekonnn, Tilahun. "Lived experiences of Black African immigrant entrepreneurs in South Yorkshire." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2018. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24019/.
Full textAbstract:
The research investigates the lived experience of Black African Immigrant Entrepreneurs' (BAIEs) and their challenges and opportunities in South Yorkshire within the region-specific history, economy, demography and cultural contexts. It also accounts for recent Black African Immigrants' entrepreneurship trends and challenges underpinned by the broader theoretical domain of entrepreneurship and sub-domains of ethnic and immigrant entrepreneurship. Black African Immigrants are reported to be the least studied and most underrepresented social groups among visible ethnic minorities in the UK. Moreover, previous research has been limited to large inner cities and within wellestablished communities and thus has been unable to represent the experience of outer regions and recent migrants' experience. Among researchers of ethnic and immigrant entrepreneurship, combining together two social groups, African and Caribbean immigrants as 'Afro-Caribbean', is a common mistake which arguably fails to recognise the distinctiveness in their pattern and history of migration, education and background and approaches to entrepreneurship. Furthermore, these studies lack methodological diversity, relying heavily on quantitative data and failing to capture the lived experience in greater depth and breadth. This research adopts a phenomenological approach of qualitative methodology recognised as effective in exploring lived experience. Sociological based theory on "othering" and "belonging" is used as a lens to critically explore the experiences of immigrant entrepreneurship from the perspective of BAIEs. The research findings suggest that BAIEs face disproportionately high barriers from the opportunity structure as external barriers, whilst internal challenges include the fact that BAIEs are predominantly restricted to ethnic niche markets whose core customers are small in size and transient, hampering growth potential and the ability to break into the mainstream and high-growth markets. These impediments may be observed to relate to the social and cultural identity of the BAIE as an "othered" social grouping in the UK business community context, often lacking a sense of belonging and facing structural exclusion. In spite of this, the research has observed new knowledge about how BAIEs have developed entrepreneurial attributes of resilience (high tolerance to risk, uncertainty and adaptability) and cultural predisposition (high propensity and v preparedness towards enterprise) as their response to overcoming challenges and maximising opportunities in the host country and region. The research is intended to impact on advancing knowledge of diversity in entrepreneurship and to assist policy makers, BAIE managers and practitioners to make more informed decisions that align with a need to promote inclusion and diversity in line with the region's strategic vision.
25
James, Morrison-Knight. "Experiences of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the Falafel Trade in Malmö." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23641.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates how immigrant entrepreneurs in the falafel business in Malmö position themselves in relation to the host society. Interviews with five immigrant entrepreneurs in the falafel trade were conducted to explore their life stories, business endeavours and their relations with the host society. The data was then analysed to establish the degree to which they feel embedded in different arenas of the host society and their society of origin. This study confirms the disadvantageous position of immigrants in Swedish society, though demonstrates the various strategies they utilise to improve their situation through entrepreneurship. The study, the first of its kind in Malmö, is important in the context of rising xenophobia in Sweden and segregation in the city.
26
Kalitanyi, Vivence. "Evaluation of employment creation by African immigrant entrepreneurs for unemployed South Africans in Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6343_1256899303.
Full textAbstract:
<p>There has been a lot of comment and reaction to the presence of immigrants in South Africa, and most of it has been very negative. In light of the negative reaction, one can ask whether immigrants do in fact add any value to the well being of the host countries, given their education, experience and high involvement in small businesses. Several studies have noted that the relatively highr level of education and skills of migrants is at the same level as those of the host populations. This research is aimed at contributing to the debate of the perception that immigrants are taking up jobs that are supposed to belong to South Africans.</p>
27
Kerr, William Robert Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The role of immigrant scientists and entrepreneurs in international technology transfer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33832.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This thesis characterizes the important role of US ethnic scientists and entrepreneurs for international technology diffusion. Chapter 1 studies the transfer of tacit knowledge regarding new innovations through ethnic scientific communities in the US and their ties to their home countries. US ethnic research communities are quantified by applying an ethnic-name database to individual patent records. International patent citations confirm knowledge diffuses through ethnic networks, and manufacturing output in foreign countries increases with an elasticity of approximately 0.3 to stronger scientific integration with the US frontier. To address reverse-causality concerns, reduced-form specifications exploit exogenous changes in US immigration quotas. Consistent with a model of sector reallocation, output growth in less developed economies is facilitated by employment gains, while more advanced economies experience sharper increases in labor productivity. The findings suggest tacit knowledge channels partly shape the effective technology frontiers of developing economies. Chapter 2 further exploits this heterogeneous technology diffusion through ethnic networks to test the importance of Ricardian technology differences for international trade. Panel regressions find technology growth increases manufacturing exports.<br>(cont.) To establish a causal relationship between technology and trade, instrumental-variables specifications exploit uneven technology diffusion from the US through ethnic scientific networks. The instrumented elasticity of export growth to the exporter's technology development is 0.9 in the preferred specification. Supplemental specifications show this elasticity is robust to controlling for the importer's technology development and to Rybczynski effect due to factor accumulation. Exogenous reforms of US immigration law again test for reverse causality. The findings suggest technology differences are an important determinant of trade patterns. As a supplement to these first two studies, Chapter 3 provides detailed documentation on the ethnic-name strategy employed with US patent records. The growing contribution of Chinese and Indian scientists to US technology formation, especially in high-tech industries, is described. The institutional and geographic dimensions of US ethnic innovation are further characterized. Finally, Chapter 4 concludes with an independent study of income inequality and social norms for compensation differentials and government-led redistribution. This work demonstrates that short-run responses in social norms do not amplify income inequality shocks (e.g., due to skill-biased technical change).<br>by William Robert Kerr.<br>Ph.D.
28
Hameed, Sherafgan, and Tingwei Yang. "The Study of Opportunities and Barriers for Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31512.
Full text
29
Abushinov, Stanislav. "Swedish Cultural Influence on the Networking Ability of Arabic Immigrant Entrepreneurs." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53180.
Full text
30
Smith, Craig Daniel. "Entrepreneurial Marketing in Online Home-Based Businesses: Narratives From Immigrant Entrepreneurs." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7428.
Full textAbstract:
Although the formation of an online home-based business may be a relatively simple and low-cost endeavor, entrepreneurial marketing researchers suggest that immigrant entrepreneurs must access appropriate resources to effectively market an online business for breakout from low-growth, ethnic enclave markets. The purpose of this qualitative narrative inquiry study was to explore the entrepreneurial marketing experiences of immigrant entrepreneurs in the United States operating online home-based businesses, and the implications of these experiences for supporting breakout from traditionally restricted markets. To address this gap, a narrative inquiry method was used to collect data from immigrant entrepreneurs. This study was framed by 2 key concepts focused on immigrant entrepreneurs in operating online businesses: Kloosterman's concept of postindustrial opportunities for immigrant entrepreneurs and Anwar and Daniel's concept of entrepreneurial marketing in online home-based businesses. Data was gathered using 6 face-to-face unstructured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis and a critical events analysis approach. Five conceptual categories were revealed for answering the research question. The findings of the research showed that that online home-based business strategies can mitigate gender, racial, or social biases given strong family support and leveraging social capital, social networks, relationships, or ethnic community support. Results gleaned from this narrative study may help to promote social change by revealing to entrepreneurship educators and policymakers the challenges with which immigrants who own online home-based businesses must contend.
31
Shi, Xinyang. "Motivation and barriers of Chinese opportunity-driven immigrant entrepreneurs in Portugal : exploratory research." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16501.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais<br>O objetivo principal do presente estudo é o de investigar e analisar as motivações e obstáculos de empreendedores chineses motivados por oportunidades em Portugal. Esses chineses que criam um novo empreendimento em Portugal sob oportunidade empresarial devem distinguir-se dos empreendedores chineses de necessidade ou sobrevivência. O grupo demográfico principal neste estudo é o de empreendedores imigrantes Chineses motivados por oportunidades que chegaram a Portugal após o ano de 2012. A partir desta data, existiu uma grande mudança da estrutura demográfica dos empreendedores chineses imigrantes que entraram em Portugal, devido à publicação de Autorização de Residência para Atividade de Investimento (ARI) que atraiu não só investidores chineses mas também os empreendedores chineses que reconheceram oportunidades comerciais em Portugal. É proposto um enquadramento, que se divide em duas dimensões (fatores exteriores e fatores individuais), para demonstrar as motivações e os obstáculos suscitados com a criação de uma empresa em Portugal. Por causa de ausência de estudos académicos relacionados com o empreendedor imigrante chinês em Portugal, decidiu-se utilizar a metodologia de análise qualitativa. Selecionámos cinco casos representativos dos empreendedores chineses para desenvolver a análise, implementando entrevistas em profundidade com respostas a um conjunto de questões aos empreendedores.<br>This study's primary objective is to investigate and analyse the motivation and barriers of Chinese opportunity-driven entrepreneurs in Portugal. The Chinese who create new ventures in Portugal with a particular business opportunity should be distinguished from those Chinese who are entrepreneurs for survival. The main demographic group in this study is Chinese opportunity-driven entrepreneurs who arrived in Portugal after 2012. For after this date the demographic structure of Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs changed immensely in Portugal with the divulgation of Residential Authorisation for Investment Activity (ARI), which attracted not only Chinese investors, but also Chinese entrepreneurs who recognised potential business opportunities in Portugal. We advocate a framework of Chinese opportunity-driven immigrant entrepreneurs which demonstrates the motivation and barriers of their new venture in Portugal. As there is a lack of academic studies about Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in Portugal, we decided to use a qualitative analysis which was divided into two dimensions, namely environmental factors and individual factors. We selected five representative cases of Chinese opportunity-driven entrepreneurs to develop the analysis, through the use of in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs with a set of questions.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
32
Bangué-Tandet, T. (Thystère). "Exploring the immigrant entrepreneur’s behaviour from the perspective of effectuation." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201509101980.
Full textAbstract:
In our current and continuously globalising world, opportunities do not have borders any more. This fact encourages the rise of international immigrant entrepreneurs who are not afraid of leaving their home country in order to exploit opportunities in foreign territories. Indeed, these opportunities do not come with ready-made instructions. Therefore, it challenges entrepreneurs to evolve in an unpredictable environment and to leverage contingencies to make their business prosper. An intensive use of their social capital, network, self-efficacy, empathy and a creative use of their resources figure in among the key success factors of a venture, especially in the early stage of its life. Based on previous literature reviews regarding entrepreneurship, international entrepreneurship, immigrant entrepreneurship and a longitudinal case study from 2008–2015 which uses an auto-ethnographic approach to analyze the data, we have been able to determine key characteristics of the international immigrant entrepreneur’s behavior and illustrate how effectual principles dictate their actions. This paper aims to contribute to the discussions concerning immigrant entrepreneurship, give some insights regarding the entrepreneurial journey and encourage more persons to embrace this path, especially students.
33
Hosler, Akiko S. "Japanese immigrant entrepreneurs in New York City : a wave of ethnic business /." New York : Garland Pub, 1998. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0652/98015135-d.html.
Full text
34
Lee, Joo-Seok. "Why do Asian immigrants become entrepreneurs? The case of Korean self-employed immigrants in New Zealand." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/445.
Full textAbstract:
With the number of Asian immigrants continually increasing in New Zealand society, Asian immigrant businesses have been appearing more rapidly in New Zealand, particularly in Auckland. The primary purpose of this study is to enquire into why a certain Asian immigrant group become business people after migrating to Auckland, New Zealand. In addition, it investigates the level of their business activity and the level of happiness with their new life in New Zealand. This study examines the growing phenomenon of Asian immigrants, and the entrepreneurship rate of ethnic groups through existing statistics. The study focuses on Korean immigrants. Twenty self-employed Koreans who are running a business in Auckland participated in the study. They were invited to talk about why they became self-employed business people and related matters about their business activity. The study found that Korean immigrants chose self-employment as a means of getting a job. They gave up seeking mainstream employment opportunities due to the language barrier and their inability to cope with a new society and new system. Other fundamental factors in their decision to become entrepreneurs were that firstly, they were willing to invest a considerable amount of their own money and secondly, they preferred to participate in the workforce rather than to depend on the New Zealand welfare system. Based on the information acquired through the research, the study reported that the recently increased numbers of Asian businesses are partly attributable to New Zealand business immigration policy which introduced a new business category – Long Term Business Visa (LTBV). The findings from this research pointed to commitment that immigrant businesses contribute to the New Zealand economy and New Zealand society as taxpayers and potential employers.
35
Khosrawi, Heshmat. "Vad särskiljer invandrarföretagare från svenska företagare i Linköpings kommun? : What distinguishes immigrant entrepreneurs from Swedish entrepreneurs in Linkoping Municipality?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105171.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med min studie var att beskriva vilka hinder invandrarföretagare möter i inom Linköpings kommun. För att få ett resultat har jag ställt 4 olika forskningsfrågor om byråkrati,skattebestämmelser, myndighetsspråk och vardagsspråk som huvudsyfte. Mitt tillvägagångssätt har baserats på 7 intervjuer med personer som har olika bakgrund och jobbar inom skiftande organisationer och företag. Som aktörer har jag valt Skatteverket, Nulink och Nyföretagarcentrum i Linköping. De personer som jag har gjort intervju med heter Susanne Eriksson(företagare), Elin Walin (företagare), Ali Reza Ghodoosi(företagare) och Maryam Azmand (tidigare företagare). När jag har tittat på resultatet då ser jag ett tydligt och starkt mönster kring informanternas uppfattningar om mina indikatorer. Om man tittar på myndigheters svar då ser man en tendens kring uppfattning av byråkrati, skattebestämmelser samt myndighetsspråk. Jag ser nämligen också att det finns tydliga skillnader mellan företagare som är inrikes födda med företagare med utländsk bakgrund vad gäller förståelse kring mina frågeställningar. I mitt arbete slås jag av att en informant ser byråkrati som något negativt och personer med utländsk bakgrund har svårt att uppfatta myndighetsbyråkrati. Jag tycker också att det är intressant att de officiella personerna tycker att skattereglerna har blivit enklare medan invandrarföretagare tycker att det är svårt med skatteregler. När jag tittar på vardagsspråk som mitt huvudsyfte så tycker förstås jag att företagare med utländsk bakgrund bör se det svenska språket som nyckel till allting precis såsom språkläraren tycker. Slutligen ser jag ett klart och tydligt mönster mellan svenska företagare och invandrarföretagare vilket innebär att svenska företagare har lätt att anpassa sig efter gällande regler mot bakgrunden av att svenska är modersmål för dem medan invandrarföretagare har problem med anpassning till regler och lagar vilket beror på det svenska språket som ett hinder, enligt min tolkning.
36
Pampalona, Tarrés Judith. "Be good with your neighbours. Support networks of immigrant entrepreneurs in a microstate." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456029.
Full textAbstract:
El campo del empresariado inmigrante ha sido ampliamente estudiado a lo largo de las últimas décadas (Solé y Parella, 2005; Villares- Varela, 2010), contribuyendo a la literatura con estudios centrados en las motivaciones y estrategias de los inmigrantes para iniciar y sacar adelante nuevos negocios en el país de destinación. Además, algunos estudios también ponen énfasis en la importancia de los contactos y las redes de soporte, tanto en el momento de la puesta en marcha como durante todo el desarrollo del negocio (Granovetter, 1983; Valenzuela- García et al., 2014). En este sentido, el modelo teórico de mixed embeddedness (arraigo mixto) propuesto por Kloosterman, Van der Leun y Rath (1999) defiende la importancia de las relaciones y el arraigo simultáneo de los emprendedores inmigrantes a distintos ámbitos institucionales, económicos y sociales, tanto en la comunidad de acogida como en la comunidad local y transnacional de compatriotas. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos estudios se han centrado en regiones o ciudades que forman parte de países más extensos (García-Macías, 2013; Sommer & Gamper, 2017) y se ha puesto poca atención a los contextos de microestado, que están caracterizados por una estructura de oportunidades más reducida y por sistemas legislativos que presentan particularidades específicas.
Esta tesis doctoral está enfocada hacia los negocios regentados por inmigrantes en un microestado, más concretamente en el Principado de Andorra. El principal objetivo de la investigación es observar los efectos que tienen las particularidades de los contextos microestado sobre la estructura y la composición de las redes de soporte de los emprendedores, tanto inmigrantes como nacidos en Andorra. Para ello, han sido entrevistados treinta y tres emprendedores inmigrantes y diez emprendedores nativos, todos ellos establecidos en Andorra. La investigación se ha basado en una entrevista semi- estructurada, combinada con una parte estructurada que ha permitido delinear y comparar las redes personales de los emprendedores.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las ayudas fronterizas provienen sobretodo de colaboraciones en el ámbito empresarial, aportando sobretodo soporte logístico. En este sentido, cabe diferenciar a los contactos transfronterizos de los transnacionales, quién también aportan soporte logístico pero de otra naturaleza, dado que el marco geográfico en este caso es mucho más amplio e ilimitado. En términos generales, los contactos establecidos en Andorra son el grupo que aporta más soporte en las redes de los emprendedores inmigrantes. Este grupo de contactos se compone tanto por individuos nacidos en Andorra como por inmigrantes y principalmente tienen el rol de socios mayoritarios, consejeros legales y/o administrativos y prestanombres. Finalmente, los contactos transnacionales tienen más presencia en las redes de los nuevos emprendedores inmigrantes.
También el tamaño reducido del país y su estructura de oportunidades tienen efectos sobre las redes estudiadas, que muestran valores altos de densidad y bajos indicadores de centralización. Esto facilita a los emprendedores el acceso a la estructura de oportunidades, pero también supone una limitación para el crecimiento de los negocios, teniendo en cuenta que los recursos existentes son menos exclusivos. Esto hace necesario establecer contactos en distintos ámbitos sociales y geográficos para acceder a nuevas oportunidades.
En este sentido, tanto las redes de los emprendedores inmigrantes como las de los fronterizos mostraban un arraigo mixto (mixed embeddedness). Este indicador ha sido observado en negocios en todos los niveles de crecimiento, dado que todas las redes muestran una proporción de nativos, compatriotas y otros inmigrantes establecidos en Andorra en mayor o menor medida; así como una mayor o menor proporción de contactos transnacionales. Es interesante ver, en este sentido, como no solamente las redes de los inmigrantes muestran mixed embeddedness, sino que las redes de los nativos andorranos muestran patrones muy similares. Este resultado indica que esta teoría no es, por lo tanto, aplicable a contextos de microestado, debido a que que existen patrones de relaciones muy similares en las redes personales de los inmigrantes y los nativos.<br>The field of immigrant entrepreneurship has been widely studied along the last decades (Solé & Parella, 2005; Villares- Varela, 2010), contributing to the literature with studies about motivations and strategies of immigrants to start up and develop new entrepreneurial activities in the destination country. Literature about personal and social networks further contributes in this field, emphasizing on the relevance of contacts and support networks for business starting up, development and success (Granovetter, 1983; Valenzuela- García et al., 2014). In this vein, the mixed embeddedness model proposed by Kloosterman, Van der Leun and Rath (1999) postulates the importance of the embeddedness in different institutional, economic and social backgrounds of the host community, as well as in both transnational and local co-national communities. However, all these studies have only been conducted in larger nations, or in particular regions or cities within larger nations (García- Macías, 2013; Solano, 2016; Sommer &Gamper, 2017). Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to microstates so far, which are characterized by a smaller opportunity structure and by distinctive legislative systems. This dissertation is thus focused on businesses managed by immigrants in a microstate, more precisely in the Principality of Andorra. The main purpose of the research is to observe the effects of the particularities of a microstate on the structure and composition of migrant and non-migrant entrepreneurial networks.
Thirty three immigrant and ten native entrepreneurs have been interviewed in this research, all of them holding businesses in the Principality of Andorra. Data collection has been based on a semi- structured interviewing, which was combined with some elements of structured interviewing, in order to delineate and analyze the entrepreneurs’ personal support networks.
Results show that cross-border support comes mainly from business-oriented collaborations, which mainly provide logistic support. Cross- border contacts need to be differentiate from transnationals, which also provide mainly logistic support, although their aids seem to be of a different nature since transnational relations are settled in a further and unlimited area. In general terms, contacts settled in Andorra provide main support for immigrant entrepreneurs’ networks. This group of contacts is made up by both native Andorrans and non-Andorrans, mainly developing the role of major shareholders, legal/administrative advisers and figureheads. Finally, transnational contacts are more relevant in networks of new immigrant entrepreneurs, those not having created their businesses under legislative restrictions, so they did not found limitations for starting up their ventures.
On the other hand, the clearest influence of the small jurisdictional area is the small size of the population, which also implies a small opportunity structure. Entrepreneurs’ networks reveal high density values and therefore low betweenness centralization. This facilitates access to the opportunity structure, although it also make resources of this structure more accessible and thus less exclusive, which could be seen as a limitation for business growth. This highlights the need of adding contacts from different social and geographical backgrounds, regardless of growth stage the business is in or the social group of the entrepreneur.
Therefore, both immigrant and cross- border entrepreneurs of this research were found to have a mixed embeddedness in terms of their social networks. This was observed in businesses of all growth stages, since the networks of all the groups show a proportion of natives, compatriots and other immigrants settled in Andorra, as well as a proportion of transnational contacts. Interestingly, not only immigrant networks show mixed embeddedness, but very similar patterns of mixed embeddedness were found among Andorran natives’ networks. This result indicates that this theory is therefore not applicable in microstates, since similar relation patterns exist in both personal networks of immigrants and natives.
37
Liang, Jieyi. "Cultural and Gender Experiences, Entrepreneurial Identity and Business Endeavours of Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40614.
Full textAbstract:
Existing studies on the relationship between culture, gender and entrepreneurial identity of immigrant entrepreneurs have tended to focus exclusively on women. I set out to understand how Chinese immigrant men and women entrepreneurs construct their entrepreneurial identities based on cultural and gendered experiences. I asked: How do Chinese immigrant men and women entrepreneurs construct entrepreneurial identities based on their cultural and gender experiences? How are these experiences related to entrepreneurial endeavours and views of entrepreneurial success? Through a qualitative study of 20 in-depth interviews with 10 men and 10 women, I explored similarities and differences within and between the two groups. The findings show that both men and women narrated entrepreneurial identities as coming from nothing, reflecting the notion of “zero mindset” proposed in the literature. My study contributes by connecting coming-from-nothing to entrepreneurial endeavours and perceptions of success. I also show that there is a spectrum of cultural identities ranging from identifying strongly as Chinese to identifying as Chinese Canadian, and that positioning on this spectrum can influence business endeavours. The study also contributes by presenting a direct comparison between men and women immigrant entrepreneurs from the same home and host countries. It does so by showing that: women associated with the idea of “learning entrepreneurship”, whereas men associated with the concept of innately “being entrepreneur”; women tended to prioritize the gender role of mother and wife over the entrepreneurial role and to define success as stability in the business and balance between work and family, more so than men did.
38
Curry, Sarah M. "Bureaucracy, banking, and business the effects of nativism and politico-institutional environment on immigrant entrepreneurs and gatekeepers in Northern Virginia /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3219.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A,)--George Mason University, 2008.<br>Vita: p. 157. Thesis director: David Haines. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-156). Also issued in print.
39
Khan, Muhammad. "An effective way to address problems of immigrant entrepreneurs by The Swedish support system." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44532.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The purpose of this research is to understand problems faced by immigrant entrepreneurs while establishing their business in Sweden and their interactions with the Swedish support system and how that support system engages with and support immigrant entrepreneurs. It is important for the state and society that immigrant entrepreneurs could integrate into the society and add their positive input for themselves and for society. This is a qualitative research study that entails an engaged scholarship method and data will be collected through semi structured interviews from immigrant entrepreneurs and representatives from organizations that support entrepreneurs on a local level in the town of Växjö, in the south of Sweden. The framework developed in the article include problems of immigrant entrepreneurs and developing suggestions to figure out these problems by improving support with effective practices of government actions, incubation, mentoring, coaching, collaborations and networking.
40
Evansluong, Quang V. D. "Opportunity creation as a mixed embedding process : A study of immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31801.
Full textAbstract:
Entrepreneurial opportunities are frequently noted and addressed in the literature of immigrant entrepreneurship; however, little is known about how these entrepreneurial opportunities come into existence and how immigrant entrepreneurs create such opportunities. The purpose of this thesis is to examine why and how immigrant entrepreneurs create entrepreneurial opportunities through embedding processes in the home country and the host country. Sweden was chosen as the country of residence of immigrant entrepreneurs from Lebanon, Syria, Cameroon and Mexico. Four cases were selected in this study. Each case illustrates an opportunity creation process in a different industry, between a different home country and Sweden as the host country and by immigrant entrepreneurs with different backgrounds. By using the mixed embeddedness perspective as the theoretical lens in combination with the literature on entrepreneurial opportunity and immigrant entrepreneurship, this thesis develops a model of entrepreneurial opportunity creation as an integration process. The findings suggest that entrepreneurial opportunity creation can be considered as a process of local integration by immigrant entrepreneurs into the host country and a re-integration of these entrepreneurs into the home country. At the beginning of the opportunity creation process, immigrant entrepreneurs feel socially excluded in the host country. Throughout the opportunity creation process, immigrant entrepreneurs interact with different actors in the host country and gradually move from being socially excluded to socially included, which illustrates a local integration process. In this process, immigrant entrepreneurs become localized through different activities that embed them in the local context. The process of entrepreneurial idea and business concept development and the refinement of the business concept in this thesis illustrates an ongoing and non-linear process of: being locally integrated through creating trust in the local people, acculturating and creating a sense of belonging; and being re-integrated to the home country through maintaining and establishing new links to the home country. The study contributes to the mainstream entrepreneurship and immigrant entrepreneurship in several ways. First, it contributes to studies on immigrant entrepreneurship by investigating why immigrants embark on a journey to be entrepreneurs and how immigrant entrepreneurs create entrepreneurial opportunities through embedding processes in the home and the host country. The study demonstrates how an entrepreneurial opportunity is created as a social integration process. Second, the study contributes to literature on entrepreneurship and immigrant entrepreneurship by incorporating the entrepreneurial opportunity creation process with acculturation strategies. It illustrates how the entrepreneurial opportunity creation process intertwines with the four strategies of acculturation. Third, the study contributes to the mixed embeddedness perspective by adopting the process approach and proposing mixed embedding as a new concept which centers on the interplay between the home and the host country’s influences on immigrants’ business activities; by extending mixed embeddedness from the national level of the home country or the host country to the transnational level between the home country and the host country; and by proposing an alternative way to view an entrepreneurial opportunity as a creation process instead of being discovered. Fourth, the study contributes to the immigrant entrepreneurship literature in Sweden by furthering the understanding of entrepreneurial opportunity creation by immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden. Furthermore, the study suggests some implications for practice. The study proposes some embedding mechanisms which can be implemented in business support programs for immigrant entrepreneurs and in integration programs for immigrants in general. The design of the business support programs can aim to help immigrant entrepreneurs to: create credibility through contacts and experiences that they establish and gain in the local community; create familiarity to the local community through associating business concepts with well-known values; engage in the local life to understand customers’ mindsets, master the local language to understand local customers’ needs; and establish new/strengthen connections to the home country. The design of integration programs can aim to undertake activities that help immigrants increase the interaction between the local people and themselves. This type of interaction could be increased by organizing meetings and activities in which immigrants are introduced to different local sports clubs and hobby clubs. An approach in which the host country’s language is practiced and mastered anywhere and anytime should be adopted in the integration programs.
41
Shukla, Shikha. "Social Responsibility from the Perspective of Different Generations of Immigrant Entrepreneurs: The Unappreciated Benefits." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42132.
Full textAbstract:
Immigrant businesses represent a very large percentage of SMEs in Canada. Significant attention has been given to the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship and their economic contribution to developed countries. However, little is known about the social contributions of these immigrant entrepreneurs to the host country. While the values of immigrant entrepreneurs are rooted in their home culture, they continue to evolve their beliefs and values to integrate into the host country. Emerging literature also affirms that the behaviour of second generation is different from the first generation immigrants. It is known that immigrants’ small business social responsibility (SBSR) is influenced by their home context, but how the host country context influences the SBSR behaviour of different generations is rarely explored. The objective of this study is to understand how society and culture integrate to shape immigrant social responsibility behavior and contributions, with focus on comparing first and second generation. Drawing from mixed embeddedness approach and culture values lens, I theorize about the influence of home country culture and host country context on immigrants SBSR behaviour and the potential consequences of differences in embeddedness on their contributions to the host country. Drawing on 20 detailed semi-structured interviews, I find that irrespective of the differences in generation, immigrants SBSR contributions are influenced by their home culture, their network composition, and the extent to which they are embedded in the host county. At the theoretical level, the mixed embeddedness approach has been augmented by applying it in the field of SBSR. In addition, the study fills a gap by introducing second generation immigrant entrepreneurs’ in SBSR context.
42
Ndoro, Tinashe Tsungai Raphael. "Differentiating engagement of opportunity identification: a grounded theory study of Chinese immigrant entreprenuers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5568.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to develop a substantive grounded theory describing how Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs who own and operate small retail businesses in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa identify opportunities in the business environment. The substantive grounded theory was developed using the prescripts of grounded theory proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1990). In this respect, a substantive grounded theory called differentiating engagement of opportunity identification was developed from a sample of 41 qualitative interviews conducted with Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs. The study found that Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs identified various opportunities (startup, sales, operational, relational) in the business environment through their dynamic interactions and relationships with different stakeholders. These stakeholders mainly included family members, local employees and customers. The Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs displayed two interactional processes in their interactions with stakeholders, namely engaging in and disengaging from interactions. These interactional processes enabled the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs to identify opportunities and operate their small businesses in the business environment. Assumptions held about the interactions and relationships with stakeholders in the host community were central to the interactional processes displayed by the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs. As they operated their small businesses, the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs would engage in interactions with customers who were perceived as favourable (approachable). From these interactions with favourable (approachable) customers, the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs were able to identify opportunities (gaining customer insight of opportunity), whereas they would disengage from interactions with customers perceived as unfavourable (unapproachable). In this respect, they would delegate their local employees (actions of delegation in business) with the responsibility of interacting with unfavourable and hostile customers. Additionally, the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs would engage in interactions with local employees to gain insight into local indigenous products and identify opportunities in the host community. In order to identify other opportunities (operational, relational), the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs would disengage from interactions with local employees and engage in interactions with other stakeholders such as family members. The varying differentiated interactions and relationships established by the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs with different stakeholders created a relational context which enabled the identification of opportunities in the host environment. Thus, the findings of the present study and the substantive grounded theory developed (differentiating engagement of opportunity identification) are discussed from the perspective of social capital, social exchange theory and Chinese cultural values. Finally, the theory developed in the present study contributes to the understanding of the processes of how social capital and relationships contribute to the process of identifying opportunities and operating a small business by immigrant entrepreneurs within a host environment.
43
El, Chababi Maria. "Are They Really Different? The Entrepreneurial Processes from the Perspective of Different Generations of Immigrant Entrepreneurs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31692.
Full textAbstract:
Immigrant entrepreneurship is defined as business establishment and ownership among immigrants who arrive to a new host country. Immigrant entrepreneurship has become an important theme due to the increasing rates of immigration to developed countries, and its impact on their economic development. However it is also discredited and qualified as low value-added, rarely innovative, restricted to the ethnic communities and with stagnating growth potential. Following this debate, a new research stream affirms that immigrants should not be treated as one entity. Thus attention is shifting towards groups of immigrant entrepreneurs that were previously neglected in the literature. One such group consists of the second generation children of immigrants. Work to date provides ample investigation about immigrant entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial process; however there is less research on similarities and differences in the entrepreneurial process experienced by first and second generation immigrant entrepreneurs. Despite some recent research on second generation immigrant entrepreneurs, this topic remains understudied. The objective of this study is to understand, from a multi-level perspective, how different generations of immigrant entrepreneurs experience the entrepreneurial process. Using a grounded theory approach and qualitative in-depth interviews, the findings indicate that first and second generation immigrant entrepreneurs experience the entrepreneurial process differently by facing different micro and macro level enablers and obstacles. They also recognize, evaluate and exploit opportunities differently. The extent to which they are embedded in specific environments affects their entrepreneurial experiences.
44
Suwannapisit, Thanan, and Siriluck Apiratpinyo. "Social Capital: A Tool for Thai Entrepreneurs to Start BusinessVenture in Sweden : A qualitative study of how Thai entrepreneurs utilize social capital in their business venture creation process in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35132.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Entrepreneurship is an important part of every country‟s economy. With the recent flow of migration to many countries, immigrant entrepreneurs have received interest from both societal and economical scholars to measure the effect they create on the home country economically or demographically. In Sweden as well as in other European countries, the rate of migration increases significantly. Upon migrating to Sweden, immigrants enters the labor market but difficulties in integrating into the labor market drive immigrants toward self-employment and thus becoming immigrant entrepreneurs.A nationality which has a long history of migration to Sweden and account for a considerable proportion of immigrants coming to Sweden every year are the Thai, but there is little research on this group of immigrants. The purpose of the study is to find out how Thai entrepreneurs use social capital in starting their business venture in Sweden. In the theoretical chapter, entrepreneurship and immigrant entrepreneurs are first defined, then the relationship between networking and entrepreneurship is discussed, followed by a section on social capital and its relationship with immigrant entrepreneurs. The literature suggests that entrepreneurs usually go through 3 stages of venture creation: idea generation, resource acquisition and market organization. With the help of social capital through their social network, entrepreneurs retrieve benefit from their network members in several aspects throughout these stages.We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with seven Thai entrepreneurs in Sweden who work in food, health-care, retail and lodging businesses. Both the business network and the ethnic network, in this case Thai network, have important roles when Thai entrepreneurs develop new business ventures. Social capital assists the entrepreneurs in solving the difficulties faced during establishment process, such as labor, taxation and legitimacy. In addition, social capital enables the entrepreneurs in information and resource acquisition, word of mouth advertisement and business registration. Further, family members and spouses are found to be significantly important for Thai entrepreneurs in Sweden as a source of labor, capital and business partners.</p><br>Master thesis 15p spring term 2010
45
Palm, Adam, Mirhad Ruznic, and Murat Yasar. "Matter of survival or prosperity : A comparative study of immigrant entrepreneurs from emerging economies and developed economies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96190.
Full textAbstract:
Although immigrant entrepreneurship as a phenomenon is not new, most studies within the field of immigrant entrepreneurship have focused on immigrants moving from emerging economies to developed economies. Little research attention has been devoted to immigrant entrepreneurship with focus on immigrants from developed countries moving to other developed countries. There have neither been any comparative studies between the motives among DEIE and EEIE. To address this issue, this study analyzes the similarities and differences between IE’s from emerging/developed economies in terms of motives for engaging in self-employment, as well as challenges they face throughout the process. To answer these questions, a qualitative study was conducted with two IE groups originating from developed- and emerging economies, to analyze the IE’s motives for engaging in self-employment, and challenges they faced. The results of this study showed that there are more similarities than differences between the two IE groups in terms of push/pull motives. One distinct difference however, is that DEIE do not engage in entrepreneurial activities out of necessity, while EEIE in contrast show tendencies of both necessity and opportunity motives. This study also shows evidence which supports the home-country hypothesis, where self-employment tradition from the home-country influences the immigrants’ decision to continue the ‘tradition’ in the COR. The differences among the two IE groups is that the DEIE are more likely to originate from countries with a tradition of self-employment- subsequently being more probable to be influenced by the home-country to engage in self-employment activities as it is almost a ‘normal’ for them. There seems to be no distinction between the two groups in terms of how social networks are utilized but rather similarities, in terms of its importance in: marketing their businesses, financing the business, opportunity identification, validating the business idea, and opportunity identification. This study has also shown that there are more similarities than differences in terms of challenges faced by the two immigrant entrepreneur groups. The main challenges faced by both IE groups are: bureaucratic complexity; the language barrier, which hindered them from employment; and disregarded qualifications from the COO, which consequently hindered them from qualified employments. Furthermore, this study contributes to the overall understanding of the IE phenomenon, and has added further understanding of IE from developed economies.
46
Veljanovski, Ana, Arilda Basha, and Polina Kuznetcova. "Entrepreneurial Ecosystems’ Impact on Immigrant Entrepreneurship : In Context of Kronoberg Region." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75173.
Full textAbstract:
The literature argues that the immigrants act in segregated communities and they, in most of the cases, establish low-risk and low return businesses within their ethnic communities. The importance of connecting immigrant entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurial ecosystems is a challenge to be overcome taking into consideration that the immigrants usually are not involved in it as a consequence of a lack of information about how it can facilitate immigrant entrepreneurship. The aim of this research is to explore how the entrepreneurial ecosystem can facilitate the immigrant entrepreneurship by confronting the stories of the entrepreneurial ecosystem to the stories of the immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden, in context of Kronoberg region. Qualitative analysis approach is applied and in-depth interviews are performed on seven organizations that are part of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and four immigrant entrepreneurs. Collected empirical data is then transformed into narratives for each interviewed person. The analysis and the answer to the question are done based on the structure of Isenberg’s Domains of the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem. The research showed that the entrepreneurial ecosystem can facilitate the immigrant entrepreneurship by providing micro-loans, alternative ways of financing, equal access to opportunities, embracing the experimentation and drive, consultancy in different areas as legal regulation, accounting and business plan preparation, free of charge working space, seminars and workshops, help with understanding and translation of the language, contacts with early customers and business partners and by providing access to new markets. However, empirical data showed that even though these resources exist, there is a missing link between the available resources and immigrant entrepreneurs. What is more, improvement is needed with regards to the challenge of the language barrier and trust issues. Finally, the results of this thesis contribute in raising the awareness for the need of a more strategic approach to immigrant entrepreneurs as a vulnerable sub-group in the society and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. What is more, the immigrant entrepreneurs can use it as a valuable source of information for the different benefits are provided by the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
47
Mbachu, Innocent. "Transition Towards Entrepreneurship : An Exploratory Study about African Immigrants' Entrepreneurial Identity Generation Process: Evidence from West African Immigrants Entrepreneurs in Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77811.
Full textAbstract:
Paper title: Transition towards entrepreneurship Purpose: This paper explores and creates understanding regarding the identity transition of West Africa immigrants towards entrepreneurship. Methodology: This study applied a qualitative research method that was exploratory and descriptive in nature. Primary and secondary data were collected and used as sources of information. Primary data were obtained through multiple in-depth interviews strategy; the interviews were designed in a semi-structured format. In total, seven African immigrant entrepreneurs were respondents in this study. Secondary data utilized in this study comprised of information obtained via scientific materials and organizational websites. A convenience sampling method was determined as the appropriate method for selection of entrepreneurs’ sample that was utilized in this study. Key findings: This study found immigrant entrepreneurs to have a tendency to expose themselves to new practices and knowledge within their new environments. West Africa immigrants’ entrepreneurs are tenacious about valuable information in their new environment, they have a tendency to integrate new information to align with their previous work experiences. In the quest for channels to test business ideas acquired or perceived, immigrant entrepreneurs often try out their new ideas on a smaller scale. This study uncovered that a successful trial process tends to persuade immigrants towards entrepreneurship once an opportunity is well established. Immigrant entrepreneurs construct latent attitudes regarding potential new business prospects in order to solidify an entrepreneurial identity. Implication for practice: This study challenges the assertion made in past literatures which expressly concluded that people considered entrepreneurship as a highly professionalized occupation and stated that only few percentage of persons devotedly take the necessary steps to start a business. This study rejects the above argument by offering guidelines to anyone who may have entrepreneurial ideas or objectives but hesitates to make the identity change that is substantial to help create a transition. Furthermore, revelations in this research showed that setting up a new business venture from scratch is conceivable, this study highlighted some extensive development processes that are essential in generating entrepreneurial identity. Future research direction: Adequate attention and recognition have not been awarded to West African entrepreneurs in western society, and as well as in previous academic research. In western societies, people still view West African entrepreneurs as second-hand business minded traders. Hence, this study encourages upcoming academia to explore and create emphasis regarding the impact businesses owned by West Africa immigrants’ entrepreneurs produce in our today’s society. In conjunction to the above suggestion, it should be important to highlight useful channels through which our society (especially non-migrants) can support in encouraging and empowering various immigrant entrepreneurs towards growing their businesses in their various communities.
48
Islam, S. M. Abidul, and Lili Liu. "The Invisible Factors That Break Socio-cultural Wall : A qualitative study on immigrant entrepreneurship." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388130.
Full textAbstract:
Research Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the socio-cultural barriers that self-employed immigrant entrepreneur’s face and the overcoming factors that help them to survive. Research Questions: 1. What are the socio-cultural barriers that immigrant entrepreneurs face in the context of self- employment? 2. What are the factors that help immigrant entrepreneurs to overcome the socio-cultural barriers? Methodology: This study is followed by qualitative research and explorative approach. The data collection was done by semi-structured interviews. Ten immigrant entrepreneurs are the convenience sample of our study. Findings: Language, legislation and lack of trust are the most unfavorable socio-cultural barriers that self-employed immigrant entrepreneurs face in the host country. Result shows that knowing the right information is important for immigrant entrepreneurs. For technology, immigrant entrepreneurs are now learning more about it by themselves. Besides, technology helps them to learn the language faster as it is more convenient than in school. Their previous experience and transnational identity are their biggest strength that helped them to break the socio-cultural wall. Immigrant entrepreneurs are often influenced by the native people in a positive way and that influences drive them to learn new things to overcome those barriers. The co-ethnic networks do not always play a positive role rather this study found that these networks actually play a dual role. Research Limitations: All of our sample are collected from Sweden, but for language and laws, the result might vary from person to person from different corners of the wall. This study was concerned with the self-employed entrepreneurs; not with the large level of enterprises.
49
Ho, Elly Yi-Hsuan. "Impact of embeddedness in co-ethnic & non co-ethnic networks on business performance : evidence from Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/39146/1/Elly_Ho_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the research question ‘What is the effect of co-ethnic and non coethnic networking on business performance in Chinese immigrant businesses?’ The research will discuss key themes such as the extent to which Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs are embedded in co-ethnic and non co-ethnic networks and the affect of embeddedness on business performance, such as the entrepreneur’s satisfaction and business growth. Research on immigrant entrepreneurship has emerged as an important new area of inquiry within the field of entrepreneurship. The increased importance of the subject is due in part to major immigrant receiving countries, such as Australia, the United States and Canada, experiencing a high growth rate in their immigrant population. Reflecting on the existing research on immigrant entrepreneurship, it was decided to investigate the role of embeddedness on entrepreneurial business performance. This research seeks to identify the impact of embeddedness in co-ethnic and non co-ethnic networks on business performance of Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia. Chinese immigrant restaurant entrepreneurs in southeast Queensland, Australia were studied. The result expands on existing research on immigrant entrepreneurship, since the majority of immigrant entrepreneurship studies have been conducted on the United States and Canada immigrant experiences, but few have been conducted in the Australian immigrant entrepreneur context. This thesis also adds empirical testing to a research area with little empirical testing. The results indicated that embeddedness in the co-ethnic network is positively related to business performance measured by both growth and satisfaction. Embeddedness in the non co-ethnic network of the Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia did not show a similar pattern in accordance with studies conducted in the United States and Canada. This result is interesting and creates the opportunity for future research employing a comparative study.
50
Andersson, Patrik, and Pradhan Bhim Narayan. "Small is beautiful: How immigrants start their business in Sweden." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-412.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Background: The inflow of immigrants in Sweden is not a new phenomenon. Over the years this country has harbored hundreds and thousands of immigrants/refugees/asylum seekers on its soil. However, due to economical problems faced by Sweden during the last decade, the labor market is not unable to produce adequate jobs. Due to this amongst other consequences, immigrants in Sweden have started establishing their own small businesses which they are handling quite successfully till date.</p><p>Problem discussion: In this thesis we are trying to unveil some of the situations and obstacles of immigrants’ businesses particularly in Sweden. We felt that there are not many studies done today in connection to immigrant business in Sweden though it could be one of the most burning topics in the research field. There is plenty of literature covering the international situation of immigrant business but it is difficult to find in Swedish contexts. The objectives are to know why they perform, how they perform and what they perform, and also to find out if there is sufficient support available to them from local to central level and from ethnic to private institutions.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore and explain why immigrants start their own small business in Sweden. </p><p>Method: To perform this study and to gather appropriate information pertaining to immigrant small business, we have conducted 14 interviews, out of which 8 were immigrants (4 new and 4 old immigrants business houses) and 6 were from different organizations (both represented by government and private organizations). They help immigrants to start their business in Sweden. Finally, we have prepared a model based on immigrants’ business network and the situation.</p><p>Results: The results of our findings show that the main reason for immigrants starting their own business is because of scarcity of specific jobs (matching their qualification and experiences) in the Swedish labor market and immigrants being ambitious to making money and wanting to be self sufficient and not to stay un-employed for longer period of time. The network connected to the immigrants is very important in order to start their own business, both for success and establishment. Again, support from friends, family and relatives are the critical point of departure for their business establishment.</p>