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Journal articles on the topic 'Immigrants as literary characters'
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1
Kołakowski, Marcin. "Funciones narrativas e ideológicas de los personajes de inmigrantes y de sus descendientes en la narrativa española." Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 47, no. 1 (2020): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2020.471.005.
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The present paper is aimed to analyze how certain concepts of political identity are translated into poeticsof identity in contemporary Spanish narrative. The analysis covers four novels published since 1998,written by Spanish authors and which achieved high rates of sales and positive critical recognition. Thestudy was not limited to specific immigrant groups in order to reflect a variety of experiences and politicalpositions represented in the texts. The paper is a study of the image and functions of immigrantcharacters in selected Spanish novels of the last three decades: Háblame, musa, de aquel varón (1998) by Dulce Chacón, Ventajas de viajar en tren (2000) by Antonio Orejudo, Cosmofobia (2007) by Lucía Etxebarria and En la orilla (2013) by Rafael Chirbes. Sociologists and psychologists indicate three main classes of negative attitudes towards immigrants (citizen insecurity, threat to cultural identity and competitiveness in obtaining resources). Within this context the article aims to determine to what extent the literary representations of immigrant characters constitute reproductions or transgressions of culturally prefabricated images of the Other and explores the different narrative and ideological functions these characters play. The paper also studies the presence of discourses that support social exclusion of immigrants and the means of subverting them.
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Li, Juan. "Pidgin and Code-Switching: Linguistic Identity and Multicultural Consciousness in Maxine Hong Kingston’s Tripmaster Monkey." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 13, no. 3 (2004): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947004041974.
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A recurring theme in Maxine Hong Kingston’s works is the search for a linguistic identity of Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans, and this theme receives the fullest treatment in her fourth book, Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book (1987). In representing the social, cultural and linguistic reality for the Chinese American community living in the multicultural United States, Kingston’s fundamental strategy is to use pidgin expressions and code-switching in the characters’ speech to present a truthful picture of languages used in the Chinese American community. A close analysis of the patterns and functions of pidgins in Tripmaster Monkey reveals that while Kingston records actual linguistic features of Chinese Immigrants’ Pidgin English (CIPE) in dialogue to preserve the linguistic individuality and identity of the Chinese American community, she draws on stereotypical features of the past Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) to combat negative stereotypes of Chinese Americans’ languages. Furthermore, Kingston uses code-switching in the characters’ speech to reinscribe her multicultural consciousness into her writing. This article examines the thematic significance of pidgin expressions and code-switched utterances in the characters’ speech in Tripmaster Monkey.
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Campos, Rebeca E. "Charity institutions as networks of power: how Anzia Yezierska's characters resist philanthropic surveillance." Journal of English Studies 15 (November 28, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.3135.
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At the end of the nineteenth-century, American private institutions took the charge of spreading national values due to the massive wave of eastern European immigration. These institutions, especially charitable organizations, supported the integration of immigrants, however, from a classist perspective. According to the Polish-American author Anzia Yezierska (1885-1970), their apparently inclusive programs actually hindered the fulfilment of the discourse of the American Dream, which is based on the premise of preserving individual differences. By comparing those charitable institutions to Michel Foucault’s panoptical prison, this research attempts to demonstrate how the similarities between both structures help understand up to what extent the benefactresses in charge accurately managed to influence the newly arrived immigrants. The hierarchy of power established between them would determine the latter’s difficulties to achieve the recognition of their individualities from their intersectional experiences. The alternative to the monitoring network, thus, appears in the act of solidarity, a kind of resistance that allows ghettoized characters to perform their cultural distinctiveness away from Americanization.
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Wachacz, Aleksandra. "Samuel Beckett and his Immigrants." Tekstualia 4, no. 51 (2017): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3555.
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The long tradition of canonical interpretations of Samuel Beckett’s plays puts in front two exceptional productions of Waiting for Godot, individual in their character. Both of them seem to realize the directors’ ideas about French culture and highlight its specifi c aspects. They are anchored in the history of France and respond to a recent interest in studying Beckett’s Irishness and its infl uence on his writing as well as are indebted to literary-historical, manuscript or archive-based studies. At the same time, they also exemplify how directors modify texts in order to present their interpretations of history.
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Kondali, Ksenija. "Living in Two Languages: The Challenges to English in Contemporary American Literature." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 9, no. 2 (2012): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.9.2.101-113.
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Recognizing the importance of English in (re)negotiating culture and identity in U.S. society, numerous contemporary American authors have explored the issue of cultural and linguistic competence and performance in their writing. Supported with examples from literary texts by Sandra Cisneros, Julia Alvarez, Junot Díaz, Amy Tan, and Kiran Desai, this paper discusses the complex role of the English language in the characters’ struggle for economic and emotional survival. Frequently based on the authors’ own family background and bicultural experiences, the selected literary texts offer a realistic representation of the life lived by predominantly working-class immigrants and how they cope with the adoption and use of a new language in order to overcome language barriers, racist attitudes and social exclusion. Such an analysis ultimately highlights how a new literary thematic focus on living in two languages has affected English Studies.
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Sarvina, Derry. "IDENTITY FORMATION IN GIBB’S SWEETNESS IN THE BELLY AND MUKHERJEE’S DESIRABLE DAUGHTERS." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 12, no. 1 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v12i1.3960.
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<p>Diaspora is a literary work written as a consciousness toward the differences between old and new culture. The issues whose are able to be taken in Diaspora is the alienation problems, the homesick feeling, the past nostalgia, and also the adaptation process effecting toward crisis identity. This fact encourages the writer to conduct a research in relation with the topic of diasporic problems in cultural identity formation. This research is aimed to describe 1) the efforts of main characters in dealing with their identity crisis, 2) the factors that encourage and support main characters in forming their identity, and 3) the similarities and differences of identity formation toward two novels by using Bhabha’s Hibridity theory. Data source of this research was taken from words, phrases, sentences, statements, dialogues and monologues which record the thought and actions of the characters in the novels of <em>Sweetness in the Belly </em>and <em>Desirable Daughters. </em>As result, this research finds out that the novels described clearly the efforts of main characters—Lilly and Tara—in forming their cultural identity as immigrants or diaspora. In the novel <em>Sweetness in the Belly,</em> it is started by Lilly’s efforts in establishing her identity in Harare-Ethiopia and London<em>, </em>how the main character does acceptance and resistance to the culture where she lives, and how the influence of her friends are in finding her identity. While Tara, in <em>Desirable Daughters, </em>it is begun by her understanding on diversity in Advanced country. It is found the binary opposition between herself and her oldest sister in the same country as immigrants, then how her efforts and her sister’s influences in forming her identity. Then, these novels show that there are similarities and differences in determining main characters’ identity through their own experience life. Last, this research finds out that the forming of cultural identity deals with <em>split/ </em>ambivalence. This thing will cause hybridity that is the result of assimilation from two different cultures, East and West.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
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Shulova-Piryatinsky, Irene, and Debra A. Harkins. "Narrative discourse of native and immigrant Russian-speaking mother-child dyads." Narrative Inquiry 19, no. 2 (2009): 328–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.19.2.07shu.
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Mother-child storytelling was used here as a first step toward exploring language socialization through the narrative discourse of Russian-speaking non-Orthodox Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants in two host cultures. This study examined five groups of mother-child dyads: Russian-speaking Ashkenazi Jews living in Ukraine, Israel, and the United States and two Russian-speaking Jewish immigrant groups living in the United States and Israel. These five groups of mothers and their three to five-year-old children were asked to tell a story using a wordless picture book. This study sought to examine the themes of home present in narrative discourse across these groups. More specifically, this research attempted to explore the ways in which the narrative process may facilitate and/or obstruct the necessary skills children need to be socialized into their cultural communities (Ochs, 2002; Ochs & Schieffelin, 2008). Measures included quantitative analysis of the length of narrative, use of questions, character speech, emotion qualifiers, and switches in language use for mothers and their children as well as narrative expressions of issues of loss common among immigrant groups. Findings are discussed in terms of how narratives reveal the language socialization practices of immigrants, including linguistic choices made to use native or host goals and styles and thematic expression of their immigrant experience.
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Liang, Samuel Y. "Property-driven Urban Change in Post-Socialist Shanghai: Reading the Television Series Woju." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 39, no. 4 (2010): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261003900401.
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In late 2009, the television series Woju ([Formula: see text]) received extremely high audience ratings in major Chinese cities. Its visual narratives engage the public and comment on social developments by presenting detailed pictures of urban change in Shanghai and the everyday lives of a range of urban characters who are involved in and affected by the urban-restructuring process and represent three distinct social groups: “white-collar” immigrants, low-income local residents, and powerful officials. By analysing the visual narratives of these characters, this article highlights the loss of the city's historical identity and shows how the reorganization of urban space translates into a reallocation of resources, power and prestige among the social groups. The article also shows that Woju represents a new development in literary and television production in the age of the Internet and globalization; its imaginative construct of the city was based on transnational and virtual rather than local and neighbourhood experience. This also testifies to the loss of the city's established identity in cultural production.
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Abbas, Abbas. "The Racist Fact against American-Indians in Steinbeck’s The Pearl." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 3, no. 3 (2020): 376–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v3i3.11347.
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the social conditions of Indians as Native Americans for the treatment of white people who are immigrants from Europe in America. This research explores aspects of the reality of Indian relations with European immigrants in America that have an impact on discriminatory actions against Indians in John Steinbeck's novel The Pearl. Social facts are traced through fiction as part of the genetics of literary works. The research method used is genetic structuralism, a literary research method that traces the origin of the author's imagination in his fiction. The imagination is considered a social reality that reflects events in people's lives. The research data consist of primary data in the form of literary works, and secondary data are some references that document the background of the author's life and social reality. The results of this research indicate that racist acts as part of American social facts are documented in literary works. The situation of poor Indians and displaced people in slums is a social fact witnessed by John Steinbeck as the author of the novel The Pearl through an Indian fictional character named Kino. Racism is an act of white sentiment that discriminates against Native Americans, namely the Indian community.
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Seema Parveen and Prof. Tanveer Khadija. "Multicultural Identity Crisis in Bharati Mukherjee’s Novel Jasmine." Creative Launcher 6, no. 1 (2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.1.08.
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This paper intends to explore the transformations with disintegration literary pieces of Bharati Mukherjee has gained a milestone as she brings out the segregation experienced by the immigrants of South Asian Countries. Through her novels, she voices her personal life experiences to show the reconstructing shape of American Society. She centrally locates her emphasis on the women characters their struggle for identity, their harsh experiences and their final emergence as the self- assertive, self opinioned individuals free from fear imposed on them. The list of Diasporic writer is too long and the root of Diaspora is so deep. Through the novel Jasmine, Bharati Mukherjee focuses the multicultural identity of a woman. This paper is an effort to portray the bitter experiences of homelessness, displacement, oppression and exploitation of protagonist Jasmine.
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Alshammari, Shahd. "Hanif Kureishi’s “My Son the Fanatic” and the Illusion of ‘Pure’ Identity." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 6 (2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.6p.57.
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This paper takes on a critical literary approach to Hanif Kureishi’s short story “My Son the Fanatic.” Through close analysis, the text reveals the intricate concept of hybridity and identity in a neocolonial setting. Identities are shaped and founded on a false notion of “purity.” The text presents the tensions facing immigrants and their attempt to formulate and maintain an identity that falls between complete assimilation and the rejection of one’s own culture. To find and maintain that balance is the complex burden of hybridity. The characters must find a sense of belonging, and it is increasingly difficult to do so in a society infested with racial ideologies. The findings of this paper reflect how problems arise when the West is placed above the East, and this ideology is indoctrinated and internalized by the postcolonial self.
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Michaud, Marie-Christine. "Nuovomondo, Ellis Island, and Italian Immigrants: A New Appraisal by Emanuele Crialese." Quaderni d'italianistica 38, no. 1 (2018): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/q.i..v38i1.31140.
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Ellis Island remains in the American collective consciousness a centre of immigration where thousands of Europeans who expected to enter the United States between 1892 and 1954, went through. As such, Ellis Island was a symbolic bridge between the Old World and the New. It is the vision of this bridge, or rather a no man’s land between the two worlds that Emanuele Crialese wants to give of Ellis Island in his movie Nuovomondo (Golden Door in the international version). It deals with the journey to America of a Sicilian family at the beginning of the 20th century. It is divided into three parts, one in Sicily dealing with the departure; the second one is the journey on the ship; the third one extensively deals with the arrival on Ellis Island. The film is rather realistic in the sense that it is widely based upon archival material, which becomes apparent when comparing photographs taken at the turn of the century and the scenes from the movie taking place in Ellis Island. By being realistic Crialese first associates Ellis Island to an alienating island, a devilish place where immigrants experienced trauma and humiliation, even possible deportation. The study of the staging reveals that the place is often seen as a prison and that it is linked to confusion and misunderstanding between the immigrants, their dreams and the requirements of the American immigration officers. Nevertheless, the movie is optimistic and displays a hopeful image of Ellis Island. The main characters manage to be admitted in America then seen as a Promised Land. But, the United States is never presented in the film, which provides a feeling of unreachability, as if Emanuele Crialese had wanted to challenge the myth of “il Nuovomondo” as a Promised Land.
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Flajšarová, Pavlína. "Foreign in London: Diaspora as a traumatic experience in Samuel Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners." Ars Aeterna 10, no. 1 (2018): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aa-2018-0002.
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Abstract Stuart Hall in Black Britain claims that “the experience of black settlement has been a long, difficult, sometimes bitterly contested and unfinished story.” Such is the case in Samuel Selvon’s 1956 novel The Lonely Londoners, which depicts the trauma of diaspora for West Indian newcomers. People from the Caribbean who settle in the “mother country” experience total disillusion because they are not welcomed by the white British. The paper focuses on the influence British politics has had upon the Windrush generation of immigrants. It shows how the characters cope with animosity, loneliness and the sense of failed promise that all lead to the traumatic experience of living in total isolation in a foreign city far from their native islands. The immigrants face xenophobia, suffer from being the “other”, invisible and segregated. They try to cope with the trauma of “not belonging anywhere”, i.e. being uprooted from their homes in the West Indies. In the aftermath of the decolonization process they fail to come to terms with their new living conditions, and as there is no return ticket to the Caribbean, they experience the ever-growing trauma of unsuccessful resettlement.
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Butt, Amina Ghazanfar, and Bahramand Shah. "Third World Tapestries in the US: Allende and Sidwa - A Comparative Study." Global Language Review I, no. I (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2016(i-i).01.
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The United States of America serves as a unique site for the literary world of contesting cultures due to the immigrant writers whose spirit of quest pulled them to this terra firma, away from their homelands. These exiled writers reside in the US but their native lands remain the thematic concern of their works. This study critically explores and investigates fictional accounts of two contemporary diaspora authors, i.e. Isabel Allende and Bapsi Sidwa. These female authors from the third world countries present subversive female characters both in the diasporic setting of the United States and in their native locations. Sidwa and Allende create characters who resist the native patriarchal structures of the third world homelands and establish their individual identities in the first world metropolitan.
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Fernández Jiménez, Mónica. "Invisible or inaudible? The representation of working-class immigrants in the short fiction of Junot Díaz." Short Fiction in Theory & Practice 11, no. 1-2 (2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fict_00034_1.
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In Junot Díaz’s short story collections, Drown (1996) and This Is How You Lose Her (2012), sound plays a crucial role in the representation of the experiences of the Dominican migrants in the United States who populate their pages. The collections show the liminal situations which the stories’ characters face, emphasizing their shifting acoustic environments and the pressure to shape one’s own sonic identity to meet the demands of the new language and culture. The experiences of these Dominican migrants – particularly how they are targeted by the Americans they encounter because of their accents – reflect the politics of a cultural neo-racism which differs from the discourse of colonial Otherness but which bears the same monocultural logic. As such, the stories’ migrants become silenced rather than invisible. At the same time, a belief in the power of the Other’s personal and culturally specific voice as a transformative element is emphasized in these collections with Díaz’s use of Spanish and the narrator’s persistent presence throughout all of the stories.
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Tellefsen, Blythe Ann. ""The Case with My Dear Native Land": Nathaniel Hawthorne's Vision of America in The Marble Faun." Nineteenth-Century Literature 54, no. 4 (2000): 455–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2903013.
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Although many critics have read The Marble Faun (1850) as a dull European travelogue that conveniently and inappropriately ignores the issues facing pre-Civil War America, in fact, this novel does engage the questions about national identity posed by the antebellum era. The central argument of The Marble Faun is whether or not African Americans and Catholic immigrants can become full-fledged Americans. That most troublesome of characters, the either admirable or hypocritical Hilda, is so troublesome precisely because she is a nexus where American tensions over the formation of national identity during the antebellum period coalesce. She demonstrates the vulnerability of white, Protestant-American identity to the influence of other ethnic, religious, and racial identities, and her response to those various potential influences indicates how such threats or possibilities will be managed in the new nation. The novel decides that African Americans cannot be reconciled to society and included in the nation's future. American identity can resist the not entirely pernicious influence of Catholicism, but it cannot risk further contact with Africanist Others. However, The Marble Faun argues not that the shifting, complex, open American identity should be fixed, established, and rendered impenetrable to at least some outside forces; instead, it suggests that such a fixed identity, once achieved, will inevitably crumble under the weight of these excluded outside forces.
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Handley, Agata. "Conjuring Ghosts of the Past: Landscapes and Hauntings in Jane Urquhart’s The Stone Carvers." London Journal of Canadian Studies 33, no. 1 (2018): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2018v33.002.
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Jane Urquhart’s novel The Stone Carvers (2001) portrays the struggles of a community of German immigrants in the nineteenth century, as they attempt to settle in Western Ontario; it also includes a fictionalized account of the construction of the Canadian National Vimy Memorial 1 (for First World War Canadian dead, and missing, presumed dead, in France). The article explores the issues of dealing with loss, and re-living the past, which are interwoven by Urquhart into a larger narrative, forming an ongoing meditation on the experience of ‘in-betweenness’— transgressing not only spatial, but also temporal boundaries— and incorporating individual and communal histories as they are passed on through generations. The lives of Urquhart’s characters are marked by the ambivalence of belonging— the experience of having more than one homeland, in more than one landscape. They are haunted by lost places, and by the memory of people who perished as a result of war, or who they left behind in the course of their own personal journey. The article explores the issue of ‘landscape biography’, and also examines Urquhart’s employment of the literary topoi of nekuia/katabasis (i.e., encounters with the dead). It demonstrates how the confrontation with the past becomes, in the novel, a prerequisite for regeneration of the present, and the establishment of the future.
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Rody, Caroline. "Between “I” and “We”: Viet Thanh Nguyen's Interethnic Multitudes." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 133, no. 2 (2018): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2018.133.2.396.
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The rise of an interethnic imagination in recent american literature has been remaking what we think of as ethnic fiction into interethnic fiction. While memory, history, and tradition continue as shaping forces in American letters, an urge toward encounter with others is vividly reworking fictional structures, plots, casts of characters, and uses of language, as well as social visions, literary ambitions, and currents of intertextual influence. In some cases, the mind of a protagonist or narrator, indeed the very mind of a text, comes to seem the site of a momentous encounter of peoples, a living human nexus (Rody). Such is the case in the fiction of Viet Thanh Nguyen, in which the interethnic impulse generates a remarkable pronominal drama, a performance that oscillates between a narratorial “I” and a “we” to negotiate—across the pain and struggle of war, dislocation, and immigrant Americanization and across disparate political and literary allegiances—a Vietnamese American voice.
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Lvovich, Natasha. "Translator and Translated Twice Removed: Multilingual Selfhood in Rabih Alameddine's An Unnecessary Woman." CounterText 7, no. 2 (2021): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/count.2021.0232.
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This article analyses the novel An Unnecessary Woman (2013) by the American-Lebanese writer Rabih Alameddine from the perspective of multilingual selfhood, echoing Borges's vision of ‘writing as translation’ as it expands to considerations of literary translingualism. The narrator/protagonist of the novel, Aaliya Saleh, is a translator whose main occupation is translation into Arabic from the existing English and French translations: from literary West into East. The significance of the author's creative choice of what is referred to as a twice-removed translator is explored with the following questions: How, while navigating between two languages, cultures, and identities, is the multilingual individual experiencing the balancing act between the ‘translation’ and the ‘original’? To what extent are characters, generated by writers' translingual imagination, indeed creative (re)incarnations of the author's fragmented self? Is there such a thing as the fidelity to an original' for an immigrant (the author)? What can we learn about this translingual polyphony of voices when it comes from the area of political conflict and deepening economic/humanitarian crisis?
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Mizerkiewicz, Tomasz. "Niewspółczesność. O możliwej historii literatury polskiej po 1989 roku." Wielogłos, no. 1 (43) (2020): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2084395xwi.20.003.12151.
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Noncontemporaneity. On the Possible History of Polish Literature after 1989 Temporal and historical frames usually applied to the description of recent Polish literature gradually lose their potential. “Postmodernism,” “late modernism,” and other terms do not reveal the complicated and local temporal landscape of this literature. Processes like the traumatic return of past events (WWII, the Holocaust, Stalinist terror), the simultaneous activity of Polish language writers in countries around the world, immigrant writings, etc., preclude the use of the term “contemporaneity,” since they do not create any shared temporal horizon and belong to processes of different temporal dynamics with separate time rhythms. Rather, they belong to the dimension of “noncontemporaneity” or “asynchrony.” “Noncontemporaneity” is both the general perspective of the latest literature and the experience of the main characters presented by the literary works.
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Gasztold, Brygida. "Domesticity and Immigrant Women’s Labor in Julie Otsuka’s The Buddha in the Attic." Kultura Popularna 4, no. 58 (2018): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8078.
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Tracing the stories of Japanese picture brides, a generation of Japanese women who arrived in San Francisco in the early 1900’s for arranged marriages, and their American lives, Julie Otsuka’s novel The Buddha in the Attic (2011) combines a literary and historical focus. The experiences of dislocation, otherness, assimilation, and exclusion mark the protagonists’ lives, illustrating the dominant narratives of race, ethnicity, and gender. Otsuka articulates the problems oscillating between national consciousness and ethnic particularity, providing a critique of U.S. structures of domination and oppression that regulate the immigrant labor market. My paper offers a discussion about Japanese American women protagonists who must constantly reinvent themselves in the play of difference. The female lens, which the author employs, allows her to demonstrate how they are subjected to the forces guided by discourse of culture, ethnicity, and gender. The subaltern woman’s perspective on the domestic politics of U.S. is rendered through a collective narrator, and the absence of an identifiable individual voice stresses the characters’ fragmentation. America as home is transvalued, revealing itself as the site of unhomeliness, insecurity, and violence.
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De Angelis, Rose. "The American Nightmare: Reading and Teaching Pietro di Donato's Ethnographic Novel Christ in Concrete." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 39, no. 1 (2005): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001458580503900108.
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In the interdisciplinary course entitled The Italian-American Experience, Pietro di Donato's Christ in Concrete is examined, explored, and analyzed within historical, socio-political, and literary contexts. The novel becomes a point of focus for the discussion of immigrant life and working-class people in a broader and contextualized understanding of Italian Americans. Students read Christ in Concrete in conjunction with essays documenting the history of workers' struggles in the United States. Read as cultural artifact, Christ in Concrete documents with historical clarity and brutal honesty the way in which the American Dream turned nightmare. Using language, religion, and social politics as focal points, the paper looks at Italian-Americans, their virtues and flaws, their struggles and triumphs, as it underscores the culture's unique contributions to the American mosaic not only in the lived lives of the novel's characters but also in the poetics of its discourse.
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Townsend, Sarah L. "“Certainly forbidden” subjects: Race, migration, and the vanishing points of post-imperial British security." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 52, no. 1 (2016): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989415592661.
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This article examines the post-imperial migration and racial anxieties that underwrite fantasies of national security in postwar British fiction. Focusing on the autocratic educational institutions featured in Muriel Spark’s The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1961) and Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go (2005), the article identifies the school as a fraught ideological site wherein conceptions of national insularity collide with the complex pressures of British globalization. Spark’s Marcia Blaine School and Ishiguro’s Hailsham masquerade as microcosms of a homogeneous British nation only through a rigorous process of racial redaction. By adapting Joseph Slaughter’s concept of the “vanishing point”, the article traces two nonwhite immigrant characters whose brief, silent appearances unsettle the novels’ optics of power, thereby intimating a vast history of racial violence disavowed in the name of bodily, cultural, and political security. Connecting the novels’ vanishing acts to the discursive lacunae perpetuated in the war on terror, the article also considers the imperial residues that continue to shape the contemporary security state.
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Asl, Moussa Pourya, Nurul Farhana Low Abdullah, and Md Salleh Yaapar. "Sexual Politics of the Gaze and Objectification of the (Immigrant) Woman in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies." American Studies in Scandinavia 50, no. 2 (2018): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v50i2.5779.
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Gayatri Spivak’s repeated accusations against the hyphenated Americans of colluding in their own exploitation is noteworthy in the context of diasporic writers’ portrayal of immigrant women within the prevailing discourse of anti-Communism in the United States. The woman in South Asian American writings is often portrayed as still stuck in the traditional prescribed gender roles imposed by patriarchal society. This essay explores Jhumpa Lahiri’s literary engagement with the contemporary racialization and gendering of a collective subject described as the Indian diaspora in her Pulitzer Prize winning short story collection, Interpreter of Maladies (1999). Specifically, it focuses on the two stories of “Sexy” and “The Treatment of Bibi Haldar” to analyse the manner dynamics of the gaze operate between the male and female characters. The numerous acts of looking that take place in these stories fall naturally into two major categories: the psychoanalytic look of voyeurism and the historicist gaze of surveillance. Through a rapprochement between the two seemingly different fields of the socius and the psychic, the study concludes that the material and ideological specificities of the stories that formulate a particular group of women as powerless, passive, alien and monstrous are rooted in the contradictory cultural and moral imperatives of the contemporary American society.
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Hansen, Hans Lauge. "Europa som utopi og dystopi hos Antonio Muñoz Molina." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 37, no. 108 (2009): 92–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v37i108.21999.
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Utopian and Dystopian Representations of Europe in Antonio Muñoz Molina:How does a modern European society like the Spanish one reflect upon the experience of having dead bodies of illegal immigrants washed up on the nice clean beaches prepared for English, German and Danish tourists? How do such experiences affect the dominant national discourse, which identifies itself with the EU as a global centre of modernity? How do these experiences affect the Spanish citizen’s understanding of the character of this modernity? And what kind of narratives does it take to bridge the gap between the image of the democratic, open and human-rights oriented European Community created by official discourse and these traumatizing experiences? Taking its point of departure in two books written by one of Spain’s greatest novelists, Antonio Muñoz Molina, the article aims to investigate the role of literature as an actor in the creation and negotiation of cultural identities. The hypothesis is that literary discourse has got the unique capacity to offer the reader the image of him- or herself as another and to present the other as a self through its aesthetic strategy, thereby contributing to the reader’s appropriation of textual experiences as his or her own. In this process, the different aspects of reality, the dark and brighter sides of European history and the rise of modern, globalized society become mediated and dialogized.
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Lied, Laurel. "Danish Catechism in Action? Examining Religious Formation in and through Erik Pontoppidan'sMenoza." Studies in Church History 55 (June 2019): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2018.29.
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In 1737 Erik Pontoppidan, a Danish bishop of pietist leanings, published a Lutheran catechism,Sandhed til Gudfrygtighed(Truth unto Godliness), which became the Church of Denmark's official catechism for the following fifty years, with new editions being printed in Norway into the twentieth century. For a figure largely overlooked by modern scholarship, he has enjoyed an extraordinarily lengthy influence over Christian formation in Scandinavia and in Norwegian immigrant communities in the USA. Pontoppidan not only left behind this ‘official’ programme of Christian education, but also an unofficial blueprint,Menoza(1742–3). Thisopbyggelse(‘edifying’) novel recounts the conversion of an imaginary Indian prince, Menoza, and his subsequent travels around Europe.Menozamight even be said to offer its readers an alternative or additional Lutheran catechism in literary form. This article examines Menoza's Christian formation in the light of Pontoppidan's official catechism. Which topics of the catechism receive emphasis or are downplayed? Does the progression and linking of doctrinal topics match the catechism's layout or does the author restructure Christian theology for pedagogical purposes? The article also considers the non-doctrinal elements of the characters’ catechesis, especially in relation to pietist expectations regarding conversion. What indoctrination, intentional or unintentional, into the vocabulary and experience of pietist culture did Pontoppidan offer his Scandinavian readers?
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Kavitha, D., Prof M. Neeraja, and Prof M. Neeraja. "The Image of New Woman as Portrayed in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Novel The Lowland." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 3 (2021): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i3.10951.
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The last decade of the Victorian era witnessed a major shift in the social attitude of the woman. It was a break away from the patriarchal system, and women emerging as independent being and moving towards achieving gender equality. The ‘New Woman’ is considered as a precursor to the feminist movement and thus the legacy of New Woman lives on to this day. Jhumpa Lahiri, the significant writer of the Indian diaspora has emerged on the global literary scene with her remarkable writings. The novel has a compelling plot of family relations. It delineates the tender fraternal bond between Subhash and Udayan and how it gets affected by the various paths they chose in their lives. This intensely emotional tale unfolds diverse dimensions of the woman caught in the predicament of conservative cultural practices at home, political unrest in society and the life of an exile in the immigrant land. It also explores Gauri’s expression of identity, her struggle with love, Bela’s choice for individuality and pragmatism in life has turned the novel into a unique narrative. In her second novel, ‘The Lowland’ Jhumpa portrays her women characters devaluing the patriarchal setup. They break the myths of womanhood and motherhood. Prominence is given to assert their position in society by restoring self-identity than nurturing deeper family relations. They fight with courage and confront various challenges in their marital relationship.
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Dr. Tamanna. "Maya’s Materialistic Longings Resulting in Alienation and Frustration: A Feminist Reading of Anita Desai’s Cry, the Peacock." Creative Launcher 6, no. 1 (2021): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.1.17.
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Anita Mazumdar Desai occupies a much privileged place in the Indian Writing in English. She is known as an acclaimed Indian woman novelist who deals with the psychological problems of her women characters. She was born in 24 June 1937 in Mussoorie. Her father D.N. Majumdar was a Bengali businessman and her mother Toni Nime was a German immigrant. Anita Desai is working as Emeritus John E. Buchard Professor of Humanities at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Anita Desai got a congenial environment to learn different languages in her own home and neighbourhood. She learnt Hindi from her neighbourhood. They used to speak German, Bengali, Urdu and English at their home. She learnt English at her school. She attended Queens Mary Higher Senior Secondary School in Delhi and she did her B.A. in 1957 from the Miranda House of the University of Delhi. So far is Anita Desai literary career is concerned, she wrote her first novel Cry, the Peacock in 1963. With the help of P. Lal, they founded the publishing firm Writers Workshop. Clear Light of Day (1980) is her most autobiographical work. Her novel In Custody was enlisted for the Booker Prize. She became a creative writing teacher at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993. When she published her novel Fasting Feasting and it won the Booker Prize in 1999, she came to the limelight. She was shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times in 1980, 1984 and 1999 for her novels Clear Light of Day (1980), In Custody (1984) and Fasting Feasting (1999) respectively. She received Padma Bhushan in 2014 also. She has received Sahitya Akademi Award in 1937 for her well-known novel Fire on the Mountain. The present paper analyses the central female protagonist Maya’s materialistic pursuits which turn in a great catastrophe for her in the novel Cry, the Peacock.
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Akanuma, Kyoko, Kenichi Meguro, Mitsue Meguro, Rosa Yuka Sato Chubaci, Paulo Caramelli, and Ricardo Nitrini. "Kanji and Kana agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: A trans-cultural comparison of elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 4, no. 4 (2010): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40400008.
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Abstract This study verifies the environmental effects on agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. We compared elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the database of the Prevalence Study 1998 in Tajiri (n=497, Miyagi, Japan) and the Prevalence Study 1997 of elderly Japanese immigrants living in Brazil (n=166, migrated from Japan and living in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area). In three Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) groups, i.e., CDR 0 (healthy), CDR 0.5 (questionable dementia), and CDR 1+ (dementia) , the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) item of spontaneous writing and the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) domain of dictation were analyzed with regard to the number of Kanji and Kana characters. Formal errors in characters and pragmatic errors were also analyzed. Results: The immigrants in Brazil wrote similar numbers of Kanji or Kana characters compared to the residents of Japan. In spontaneous writing, the formal Kanji errors were greater in the CDR 1+ group of immigrants. In writing from dictation, all the immigrant CDR groups made more formal errors in Kana than the Japan residents. No significant differences in pragmatic errors were detected between the two groups. Conclusions: Subjects living in Japan use Kanji frequently, and thus the form of written characters was simplified, which might be assessed as mild formal errors. In immigrants, the deterioration in Kanji and Kana writing was partly due to decreased daily usage of the characters. Lower levels of education of immigrants might also be related to the number of Kanji errors.
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Harendika, Melania Shinta, and Azka Ashila. "Sadia Shepard’s Foreign-Returned: Pakistani Immigrants’ View on American Values." Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 15, no. 1 (2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lc.v15i1.23882.
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Sadia Shepard’s Foreign-Returned talks about the life of Pakistani immigrants in America, especially Hasan, who struggle to live a better life in the U.S. American values become the main focus in this study to see their influences in certain characters’ point of view of this short story. The data are selected conversations and the narrations in Sadia Shepard’s Foreign-Returned as well as traditional American values and the sociological data of Pakistani Diaspora in America in the 2000s. This research reveals that most of the characters, both first- and second-generation Pakistani immigrants, practice American values in certain ways. However, values are fluid. Not everyone in the U.S.A believes in American values; on the other hand, non-Americans are possible to practice American values. In brief, how much the American values influence the characters' minds and behavior does not depend on whether they are first- or second-generation immigrants.
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Handayani, Rika. "Being Muslim Immigrants in America: Preservation, Resistance, and Negotiation of Identity in Ayad Akhtar’s “American Dervish”." Vivid: Journal of Language and Literature 9, no. 2 (2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/vj.9.2.51-56.2020.
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This thesis entitled ‘Being Muslim Immigrants in America: Preservation, Resistance, and Negotiation of Identity in Ayad Akhtar’s ‘American Dervish’ aims to analyze the depiction of Muslim immigrants identity in the context of diaspora. Through the lenses of Hall’s theory of identity and Clifford’s diaspora, the analysis centered on how the Muslim immigrant characters in the novel interacted with other individuals with diverse backgrounds of race, gender, and religion. This contributed towards the construction of identity through the preservation and resistance of homeland culture, dominant culture or host land culture and the negotiation between Muslim immigrants and their state and American society. Therefore, the Muslim immigrant characters in the novel hold a non-essential and fluid identity as portrayed from the perpetual construction of identity.
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Handayani, Rika. "Being Muslim Immigrants in America: Preservation, Resistance, and Negotiation of Identity in Ayad Akhtar’s “American Dervish”." Vivid: Journal of Language and Literature 9, no. 2 (2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/vj.9.2.51-56.2020.
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This thesis entitled ‘Being Muslim Immigrants in America: Preservation, Resistance, and Negotiation of Identity in Ayad Akhtar’s ‘American Dervish’ aims to analyze the depiction of Muslim immigrants identity in the context of diaspora. Through the lenses of Hall’s theory of identity and Clifford’s diaspora, the analysis centered on how the Muslim immigrant characters in the novel interacted with other individuals with diverse backgrounds of race, gender, and religion. This contributed towards the construction of identity through the preservation and resistance of homeland culture, dominant culture or host land culture and the negotiation between Muslim immigrants and their state and American society. Therefore, the Muslim immigrant characters in the novel hold a non-essential and fluid identity as portrayed from the perpetual construction of identity.
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Defert, Jean-Jacques. "Les espaces hétéroglossiques comme stratégie littéraire de résistance dans Harraga de Boualem Sansal." Dossier spécial Léon-Gontran Damas, no. 116 (August 13, 2020): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071057ar.
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The substantial production of movies and novels retelling the story of harraga (illegal immigrants literally “burning” the borders and their papers) and the broader phenomenon of the harga (the “burn”) has been the focus of a number of monographs and collective works published recently. The story of illegal immigrants sacrificing their lives in an attempt to take their destiny back into their own hands was at the origin of a radical movement of criticism against official and traditional discourses in literature. In this context, Harraga, a novel written by Boualem Sansal in 2005, is unique in that it decenters and broadens the scope of this phenomenon by giving a female character – Lamia – the leading critical voice as an observer of a country “at war with itself” (Sansal, Harraga : 285). Borrowing Alfonso de Toro’s concept of “deconstructionist dialogism” (dialogicité déconstructionniste), we are proposing a critical reading of the novel and demonstrate that its dialogical structure allows for the re-appropriation by the narrator of her people’s story by parting with logocentric discourses while re-rooting this narrative in the very act of writing the unfolding reality.
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JACKSON, REGINE. "Imagining Boston: Haitian Immigrants and Place in Zadie Smith'sOn Beauty." Journal of American Studies 46, no. 4 (2012): 855–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875812000059.
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This essay considers how place matters in Zadie Smith's most recent novel,On Beauty(2005). I focus on the ways the presence of Haitian immigrants in her fictional “Wellington” reflect an urge to make meaning out of social relations in the city that inspired the novel. I argue that even her most clichéd Haitian characters should not be read as casual insertions that merely introduce dramatic irony. More than any of the local details, Haitians authenticate Smith's imagined geography. They establish both the (historical) time and place (or context) of her novel and enableOn Beautyto illuminate important features of contemporary urban inequality, complex black diasporan relations, and the ironies of America's celebrated post-racial society. I conclude that – although many of her Haitian characters are stereotypical and her representation of Boston is partial – imaginative ethnographies such as Smith's challenge scholarly claims to privileged readings of the city.
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Thomasson, A. L. "Fictional Characters and Literary Practices." British Journal of Aesthetics 43, no. 2 (2003): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/43.2.138.
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De Higes-Andino, Irene, Ana Maria Prats-Rodríguez, Juan José Martínez-Sierra, and Frederic Chaume. "Subtitling Language Diversity in Spanish Immigration Films." Meta 58, no. 1 (2014): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1023813ar.
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In Spain, the growing number of films depicting characters in multicultural settings bears testimony to the demographic changes experienced by Spanish society since the late 1980s. From a translational point of view, these films attract attention of researchers because of the presence of immigrant characters that use their mother tongue in addition to the language(s) of their host society. In this paper we present the results of the second stage of a research on the linguistic diversity in Spanish films starring immigrants. While the first stage dealt with the original audiovisual texts, we focus on their subtitled versions in two European languages. To do so, a descriptive and empirical methodology has been followed, the first step of which was the creation of a thorough corpus of six Spanish films and their corresponding eight target versions (in English and French). The descriptive and microtextual analysis of the immigrants’ dialogues found in our corpus allows us to define the translation strategies and techniques employed by subtitlers. Then, these techniques are classified in a continuum according to their degree of domestication and foreignisation. Finally, some conclusions are drawn regarding the ideology behind the cinematographic reflection of immigrants’ foreignness.
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Gandzilevska, Galyna, and Tetiana Shyriaieva. "THE PECULIARITIES OF NATIONAL IDENTITY OF AUSTRALIAN UKRAINIANS IN THE WORKS OF L. BOHUSLAVETS." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 8, no. 1 (2014): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/14.08.16.
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After a period of continuous troubles that Ukraine has witnessed over a period of its history, the issue of national identity today appears to be more acute than ever before. It is explained by various reasons that are not under consideration in this research. However, the notion of national identity, its factors and modern perspectives are of a great scientific importance. Amid the principles of identity there is one that refers to the existential feeling of belonging and the desire to unite in factions with those who share similar interests. Besides, national identity is viewed as the factor that affects the preservation and development of the Ukrainian nation. The paper presents the research with aim to define the national identity and its integral parts that are essential for identity preservation. National identity is understood as a collective structure that illustrates how similar or different the elements of society are. Five factors of national identity that are considered in the paper are the collective identification that is realized in religious and cultural beliefs, common history and the feeling of belonging, active social life, which is illustrated by one’s participation in cultural activities, geographical belonging and national character that is a set of cultural believes followed by the representatives of a particular national group. The literary work of Lesia Bohuslavets, a Ukrainian immigrant who lives in Australia, is under consideration in this paper. She was defined as a writer under analysis as she is viewed as an example of those conscientious Ukrainians who feel responsible for cultural and national preservation. The literary work “My Australian kuma” of Lesia Bohuslavets was analysed by means of content analysis which is a statistic means of language evaluation. The result of content analysis proved that national character and active social life categories were marked with the highest variables. It means that exactly these factors are the most influential in the context of national identity preservation. Key words: active social participation, content analysis, national character, national identity.
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Hassan Bin Zubair, Akifa Imtiaz, and Asma Kashif Shahzad. "New Land, New Rubrics: Presenting Diasporic Experience of Asian-American Immigrants in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Selected Short Stories." sjesr 4, no. 1 (2021): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(278-285).
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This research explored the lives and worldviews of Asian immigrants in the United States presented in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's stories in The Unknown Errors of Our Lives (2001). Central characters in Divakaruni's narratives embody the sufferings of immigrants in the New Land. Precisely it was proposed to study the stories from the perspective of the diaspora. In this collection, the researcher has selected five stories, including "Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter," "The Intelligence of Wild Things," "The Blooming Season for Cacti," "The Names of Stars in Bengali," and "The Unknown Errors of Our Lives." Since the characters like Mrs. Dutta, Mira, Radhika, and Kahuku's mother emigrate from India to different zones of America, they combat issues of cultural contradiction, identity crisis, disruption and family strives. Unlike them, Tarun, Mrs. Dutta's son, and her family are assimilated into the American society, whereas the characters such as Mrs. Dutta, Didi, and Mira recurrently remember their original house and early childhood days with friends. It is because they are fragmented and frustrated in America. The study concluded that the characters in her stories are ambitious and want to live a luxurious life but because of the lack of opportunities, they could not fulfill their desires and even some of them decided to return to their homeland to get a better life.
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Conter, David. "Eternal Recurrence, Identity and Literary Characters." Dialogue 31, no. 4 (1992): 549–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300016115.
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“Think of our world,” writes Robert Nozick, “as a novel in which you yourself are a character.” As we shall see, this is easier said than done. In that case, would the project be worth the effort? Yes, says Alexander Nehamas. In Nietzsche: Life as Literature, Nehamas suggests that we would have a better grasp of some hard doctrines of Nietzsche's, if we accepted literary texts as providing a model for the world, and literary characters as yielding models of ourselves. The idea is intriguing, in part because Nietzsche presents difficulties, and in part because it has some of the alluring obscurity of Nozick's playful charge. In what follows, however, I shall argue that Nehamas's proposals about Nietzsche and literature are not particularly helpful, that Nietzsche's doctrines remain hard to grasp even after we have considered the nature of literary texts, and that Nehamas himself is misled by ambiguities connected with literary characters and the fictional worlds they inhabit.
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Berry, Matthew, and Steven Brown. "A classification scheme for literary characters." Psychological Thought 10, no. 2 (2017): 288–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v10i2.237.
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There is no established classification scheme for literary characters in narrative theory short of generic categories like protagonist vs. antagonist or round vs. flat. This is so despite the ubiquity of stock characters that recur across media, cultures, and historical time periods. We present here a proposal of a systematic psychological scheme for classifying characters from the literary and dramatic fields based on a modification of the Thomas-Kilmann (TK) Conflict Mode Instrument used in applied studies of personality. The TK scheme classifies personality along the two orthogonal dimensions of assertiveness and cooperativeness. To examine the validity of a modified version of this scheme, we had 142 participants provide personality ratings for 40 characters using two of the Big Five personality traits as well as assertiveness and cooperativeness from the TK scheme. The results showed that assertiveness and cooperativeness were orthogonal dimensions, thereby supporting the validity of using a modified version of TK’s two-dimensional scheme for classifying characters.
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James Rawlings, Norberto, and Beth Wellington. "The Immigrants." Callaloo 23, no. 3 (2000): 918–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2000.0147.
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Knowlton,, E. C., and Norman Simms. "Runic Characters." World Literature Today 59, no. 3 (1985): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40140957.
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Kunin, A. "Characters Lounge." Modern Language Quarterly 70, no. 3 (2009): 291–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-2009-001.
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Dawahare, Anthony, and Thomas J. Ferraro. "Ethnic Passages: Literary Immigrants in Twentieth-Century America." MELUS 21, no. 2 (1996): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/467962.
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Chametzky, Jules, and Thomas J. Ferraro. "Ethnic Passages: Literary Immigrants in Twentieth-Century America." American Literature 66, no. 1 (1994): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2927477.
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Csikós, Zsuzsanna. "Ser Mexicano o Húngaro?" Acta Hispanica 13 (January 1, 2008): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2008.13.33-39.
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The oeuvre of Susana Wein, Mexican writer of Hungarian origins often represents the controversial quest for identity carried out by immigrants and their descendants. The author proposes to examine these dilemmas of identity in Wein's collection of short stories En tiempo mexicano... cuentos húngaros (1985) and her novel titled La abuela me encargó a sus muertos (2005), both written in Spanish. The characters of Wein's prose enable the reader to follow the evolution and change of the problematics of identity from one generation to the next. For example, while the female protagonist of the short story Draga Rocza is proud of her Hungarian identity and is determined to preserve it, the heroine of Una historia de amor has ambitions of quick assimilation, motivated by social and individual interests. The narrator figure of the short story El día en que renuncié a mi nacionalidad presents the dilemma of second-generation immigrants born into a different culture. The author argues that the characters of Wein's novel undergo the same identity crisis: the grandmother's homesickness never seems to cease, the grandchild wants to return to her roots, and Uncle Isidor symbolizes the importance of remembering. Thus, Wein's prose offers a fusion of history and literature, filling the dry historical facts with life through her characters.
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Slonevska, I. B., and S. Yu Piroshenko. "Contemporary literature as an art representation of the phenomenon of „hybrid identity”." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 4 (335) (2020): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2020-4(335)-161-169.
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The article considers the features of modern Western literature in postcolonial discourse. Emphasis is placed on researches that have formed the basis for understanding the phenomenon of multiculturalism in modern humanities. In this context, the concept of transculturation as a new worldview and a way of polemics with multiculturalism has been analyzed and the leading ideas have been singled out: „borderline identity”, hybridity, ambivalence, etc. The modern European literature is characterized as an artistic representation of the mentioned concepts, the so-called „borderline consciousness”, which underlies the hybrid worldview. The authors consider the phenomenon of cross-cultural (multicultural, transcultural) or postcolonial novel as one of the brightest phenomena of modern literary discourse. The dominant of creative work of cross-cultural authors is the identity crisis inherent in both the author and his or her character. In the proposed dimension, the work of immigrant authors in general and S. Rushdie’s novels in particular are considered as an artistic actualization of the theory of cultural hybridity, and the narrative of life „on the border” is defined as the most notable artistic strategy of modern literature.
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Jones, Siân, and Adam Rutland. "Attitudes Toward Immigrants Among the Youth." European Psychologist 23, no. 1 (2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000310.
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Abstract. In recent years in our increasingly globalized world in many countries we have seen the rise of anti-immigrant feelings among the youth. This has resulted in both discrimination against immigrants and negative psychological outcomes which harm both the individual and hinder social integration within society. In this article, we highlight how psychological research can play an important role in informing the design and conduct of educational interventions based on intergroup contact theory that are aimed at reducing prejudice toward immigrants. We review recent research showing anti-immigrant attitudes among the youth across the globe, and how these attitudes are related to parental and peer relationships. Research indicates that a color-blind approach to prejudice reduction among youth is not helpful and, in contrast, it suggests a more effective approach could be a multicultural approach to diversity, which celebrates both group differences and similarities while promoting social integration through quality contact between different social groups. Recent psychological research shows that this contact can take many forms, ranging from direct contact (i.e., cross-ethnic friendships), to extended contact (i.e., reading a book in which someone from your group has a positive interaction with someone from another group) and even imagined contact (i.e., engaging in imagined play involving characters from different groups having positive relations). The findings of this research demonstrate that it is possible to challenge anti-immigrant attitudes when and where they develop in young people.
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Abdullah, Omar Mohammed, and Zainab Hummadi Fayadh. "Question of Identity." Al-Adab Journal, no. 134 (September 15, 2020): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i134.827.
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Since Jhumpa Lahiri has been regarded as a second generation Indian immigrant living in the United States. This has made her fully aware of the cultural mixing between India and America. This paper focuses on the process of mimicry and decolonization of Indian immigrants who live in the United States. Lahiri’s fiction Interpreter of Maladies reveals cultural identity, mimicry and decolonization that the immigrants experience while living in the target culture. This paper applies Homi Bhabha’s concept of mimicry and Frantz Fanon’s concept of decolonization to explore three short stories in Lahiri’s fiction Interpreter of Maladies namely; “When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine” , “Mrs. Sen’s” and “This Blessed House”. The study concludes that some characters in these stories mimic the American culture as a result of their interaction with the Americans due to work or for being born and raised in America. Their imitation involves culture, tradition, language and religion. While, other characters decolonize and resist the American culture by rejecting everything related to this culture, in order to adhere to their original Indian identity and keep ties with their heritage.
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Bhandari, Nagendra Bahadur. "Cultural Identity of the First-Generation Immigrants in Tan’s The Bonesetter’s Daughter and Lahiri’s The Namesake." SCHOLARS: Journal of Arts & Humanities 2 (August 31, 2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sjah.v2i0.35013.
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This article examines the problematic cultural identity of the first-generation immigrants in Amy Tan’s The Bonesetter’s Daughter (2001) and Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake (2003). The immigrant characters problematize their cultural identity by oscillating in the cultural spaces of their home country and the host country. They tend to adopt new cultural identity of their host country while sustaining the old one of their home country. As a result, they negotiate their cultural identity in the shared cultural space which Homi K Bhabha terms as the third space. While analyzing the third space of cultural encounter, I refer to homeland culture as the first and the host land culture as the second cultural space of immigrants. Negotiating in the third space of the diaspora, the immigrants embody fluid and dynamic cultural identities that go beyond the binary of the host and home country. The process of the cultural negotiation of the immigrants is analyzed in the critical frame of Stuart Hall’s cultural identity and Homi Bhabha’s third space in this article.