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Journal articles on the topic 'Immigrants clandestins'
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1
Raposo, Cremilde. "La législation canadienne sur l’immigration et les stratégies des immigrants clandestins." Cahiers québécois de démographie 28, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2004): 271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010267ar.
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RÉSUMÉ L'auteure examine certaines dispositions de la législation canadienne sur l'immigration qui lui paraissent particulièrement propres à faire ressortir la manière dont les immigrants clandestins, en fonction de leur perception des règles qui les touchent, établissent des stratégies pour demeurer au Canada. Après avoir présenté les mesures pertinentes successivement mises en oeuvre depuis les années 1970, elle résume, à l'aide d'extraits d'entrevue, l'expérience vécue par vingt migrants illégaux.
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Rosello, Mireille. "Representing illegal immigrants in France: from clandestins to l'affaire des sans-papiers de Saint-Bernard." Journal of European Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1998): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004724419802800110.
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Rosello, Mireille. "Representing illegal immigrants in France: from clandestins to l'affaire des sans-papiers de Saint-Bernard." Journal of European Studies 28, no. 109-110 (March 1998): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004724419802810910.
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Quassoli, Fabio. "“Clandestino”." Discourse and politics of migration in Italy 12, no. 2 (August 2, 2012): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.12.2.03qua.
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Over the last twenty years, the management of a series of complex questions raised by the growing presence of foreign immigrants in Italy has been carried out via the “invention” of specific social problems and their accompanying discourse categories. From its first appearance the term “clandestino” (or irregular immigrant) has assumed a dual significance as a concept widely adopted in public discourse and as the pillar of an ideology that comprises a very specific set of political positions regarding the management of immigration. Moreover, to the extent that the clandestino was interpreted as a threat or problem to be eliminated or solved, it very rapidly became a discursive and practical focal point for the institutions that play a crucial role in immigration management and control. Drawing on my research from late 1990s on immigration policies and control in Italy, I show how and to what extent some institutional everyday activities of the police have been reshaped by discourses and practice that focus on dealing with irregular immigrants. This reorganization contributed to generating a complex web of knowledge, discourses and practices that produced the essential vocabulary and the hegemonic frameworks for public debates about immigration in Italy. It also makes the need and urgency to cope with irregular immigration both a political centre of gravity and a basic strategy to reproduce social order.
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Hojgrová, Kateřina. "Mezi Afrikou a Evropou: Etnografická studie ze života iregulérních imigrantů z Afriky, žijících v Neapoli." Anthropologia integra 11, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/ai2020-2-17.
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Případová studie se zaměřuje na téma iregulérních imigrantů z Afriky (immigrante clandestini) žijících v Neapoli, v tendencích novelizace migračního zákona tzv. Salviniho dekretem. Studie diskutuje nad konceptem iregulérní a ilegální migrace a přibližuje jejich alternativu v rámci italského prostředí. Kvalitativní metoda etnografického výzkumu s prvky fenomenologie umožnila identifikovat hlavní faktory života iregulérních imigrantů (tzv. clandestinů) v Neapoli, a to na základě dat sebíraných v rámci 23 polostrukturovaných rozhovorů, které byly provedeny na podzim roku 2019. Studie mapuje proces, kterým tito imigranti procházejí od svého příjezdu do Itálie, podmínky jejich života v příjímacích centrech prvního a druhého řádu, jejich participaci na neformální ekonomice jako hlavního pull faktoru, vzájemné vztahy uvnitř africké komunity a v neposlední řadě také sleduje jejich vztahy s majoritní italskou společností.
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Beneduce, Roberto. "Undocumented bodies, burned identities: refugees, sans papiers, harraga — when things fall apart." Social Science Information 47, no. 4 (December 2008): 505–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018408096444.
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Taking an anthropological approach, the author reflects on refugees and clandestine immigrants, and in particular on the fractured structure of their narratives. This attempt to grasp the sense of vagueness or silence we so often find in immigrants' stories is designed to draw attention to the psychological consequences of both traumatic past events and of the unpredictability and uncertainty often experienced in host countries. The author further argues that the attitudes of social workers involved in clandestine migration and refugee issues reveal unconscious attitudes characteristic of meeting with the Other which also convey the contradictions, racism, and hypocrisy of our policies and governments. The author finally discusses the scenarios of death, violence and apartheid that characterize the day-today life of many undocumented immigrants, and invites academic researchers not to take for granted such descriptive terms as `clandestine', `refugees', and so on.
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Coutin, Susan Bibler. "Citizenship and Clandestiny among Salvadoran Immigrants." PoLAR: Political html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii=""/ Legal Anthropology Review 22, no. 2 (November 1999): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/pol.1999.22.2.53.
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Kabtni, W., H. El Kefi, A. Baatout, C. Bencheikh, and A. Oumaya. "Sociodemographic characteristics of immigrants hospitalized for first episode of psychosis." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1628.
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Introduction European researchers have observed that psychosis is 3 times more frequent in immigrants than in native-born subjects. Objectives our study aims to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of immigrants hospitalized for first episode of psychosis (FEP) Methods it’s is a descriptive retrospective study. 21 files were recruited from the psychiatry department archive. Only files of immigrant patients hospitalized, during the period between 2016 to 2021, for FEP and with neither personal nor family medical history of psychosis were included in our study. Results A total number of 11 patients was included in our study. The analyse of sociodemographic characteristics revealed that; 62.5% of patients were female. The average age was 31 years. About half of them were dark skinned (particularly African), 25% were divorced, and 75% having university level. The majority of cases, have had a clandestine access to Tunisia, and were either unemployed or doing cleaning tasks with a low economic level and frequent conflicts in their workplaces. The average period between entering Tunisia and the onset of symptoms was 11.375 months. Conclusions A comparative study on a larger sample would be beneficial in order to determine the risk factors for psychosis in immigrants and, consequently, leads to effective preventive measures. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Anili, Bruno. "Unstable Relocations: Meeting the Other in Kurdolato." Practicing Anthropology 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.31.2.q146q058354342j5.
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The increasing number of immigrants who reach Europe's southern shores can represent both a threat and an opportunity for contemporary Europeans. While the principle of toleration might appear both desirable and expedient for dealing with this social phenomenon, it can be an inadequate modality in encounters with "the Other." Using the experience of a group of clandestine Kurdish immigrants in Badolato, Calabria as an ethnographic example, I argue that the paradigm of hospitality articulates a vast array of possibilities for rethinking inter-ethnic relations in theoretical and political terms.
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Palmisano, Giuseppe. "Trattamento dei migranti clandestini e rispetto degli obblighi internazionali sui diritti umani." DIRITTI UMANI E DIRITTO INTERNAZIONALE, no. 3 (December 2009): 509–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/dudi2009-003005.
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- The legislative and operational measures recently adopted by Italy in order to prevent and repress clandestine immigration raise the problem of their consistency with Italy's international obligations conncerning the protection of human rights. With a view to assessing the actual terms of such a problem, contents and extent of the protection to be afforded to irregular migrants, under the international law of human rights, must be preliminarily determined. Considering the specific legal situation of Italy, in the light of its participation both to the European Convention of Human Rights and to the International Covenants on Human Rights, as well as to many other conventions dealing with the protection of human rights, it clearly turns out that Italy is internationally bound to respect and protect a number of basic rights of irregular migrants. Such rights include, at the very least, the right to life, the right not to be subjected to torture (or to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment), and the right not to be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. Respect for such rights also implies an absolute non-refoulement obligation, that is an obligation not to expel or return an irregular migrant to another State where there is an actual risk that his or her rights would be violated. Moreover, basic rights of clandestine immigrants include the right to family unity, the right not to be subjected to collective expulsion, and (closely linked with this latter right) the right to a fair and transparent procedure of expulsion or repatriation, implying a reasonable and objective examination of the particular case of each individual. Turning to economic, social and cultural rights, an internationally lawful treatment of irregular migrants requires compliance with international obligations protecting the right to health and medical care, the right to primary education, and some core labour rights. The principle of non discrimination plays obviously a crucial role in view of correctly implementing all these international obligations with respect to the specific situation of irregulars migrants. Lastly, special and stronger human rights protection is required when the irregular migrants are children, or victims of trafficking in persons. In the light of the international human rights obligations which are applicable to the peculiar situation of irregular migrants, some of the legislative and operational measures adopted by Italy to struggle against clandestine immigration seem indeed to be inconsistent not only with such obligations (and with the increasing international trend towards the "non criminalization" of clandestine immigrants by reason of their irregular position), but also - at least in part - with the EU legal standards provided for by the recent 2008/115/EC Directive on common standards and procedures for returning illegally staying third-country nationals. This seems to be true, for example, with regard both to the new Article 10 bis inserted in the Legislative Decree n. 286 on immigration, introducing the crime of clandestine immigration, and to the new paragraph 11 bis of Art. 61 of the Criminal Code, introducing a general aggravating circumstance consisting in the irregular status of the immigrant author of a crime. But this seems particularly true and blameworthy with regard to the practice of intercepting crumbling boats full of migrants on the high seas and coercively driving them back to Libya.
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Florent, Munenge Mudage, and Mangaiko Mudage Lebon. "La Problématique D’intégration Des Migrants Ressortissants Du Rwanda Et Du Burundi En République Démocratique Du Congo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n5p299.
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This article critically diagnoses the integration difficulties encountered by Rwandan and Burundian immigrants in the Democratic Republic of Congo since 1960. Main treatments, xenophobic, and discriminatory practices used against the nationals of these two countries by indigenous Congolese people were analyzed in terms of obstacles to integration. The article also scrutinizes the derogatory, hegemonic, and disdainful behavior and attitudes of these immigrants towards the host society. The problems that these immigrants have to face from the authorities of the host country in the application of national migration policies were analyzed. Also, the way they were led into a clandestine life into the host country was also studied. The article, however, aims to reveal socio-cultural, political, and legal challenges which plague the daily life of Rwandan and Burundian nationals who have chosen the DRC as their second homeland.
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Nielsen, Aileen. "The Algerian wife or “l’amour n’a pas d’age”." MIGRATION LETTERS 6, no. 2 (October 28, 2009): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v6i2.77.
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Young male immigrants from North Africa come to France as much to defy a sense of globally structured exclusion as to escape the effects of other geopolitical stresses. While most anthropological work on Islam and North African youth in France documents a return to conservative Islam, this letter discusses another response to this same experience by illegal North African immigrants living in France. The response described here is one of humour, romance, and a continued desire to join the West rather than a rejection or challenge to French society. This letter provides ethnographic data on the phenomenon described above and so gives a view from the street of how romance may be one of the most important preoccupations of the clandestine male.
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Mateaş, Florian. "DOCUMENTARY FRAUD AS SEEN BY THE DOCUMENTARY FRAUD BUREAU OF THE DIRECTION OF BORDER POLICE (Part I)." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 8, no. 4 (November 23, 2014): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v8i4.1607.
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Today, we are witnessing a globalisation and intensification which is unprecedented in the history of migratory flows in our country. These flows are now of a very complex nature as placed under criminal rule.With this level of organisation, we are not just trying to counter illegal immigration, but fighting against criminality. In this respect, the use of forged documents or documentary fraud in general is a great boon to the activities of the clandestine networks and constitutes an excellent means of introducing illegal immigrants into Western countries.
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Mateaș, Florin. "DOCUMENTARY FRAUD AS SEEN BY THE DOCUMENTARY FRAUD BUREAU OF THE DIRECTION DE LA POLICE AUX FRONTIERES Part II." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v9i1.1867.
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Today, we are witnessing a globalisation and intensification which is unprecedented in the history of migratory flows in our country. These flows are now of a very complex nature as placed under criminal rule.With this level of organisation, we are not just trying to counter illegal immigration, but fighting against criminality. In this respect, the use of forged documents or documentary fraud in general is a great boon to the activities of the clandestine networks and constitutes an excellent means of introducing illegal immigrants into Western countries.
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Paggi, Marco. "La tutela degli immigrati irregolari vittime di grave sfruttamento in ambito lavorativo." DIRITTO, IMMIGRAZIONE E CITTADINANZA, no. 4 (February 2011): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/diri2010-004003.
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1. Le diverse condizioni di tutela dei c.d. "clandestini".2. I limiti del campo di applicazione dell'art. 18 TU.3. La difficile convivenza tra la tutela del lavoro e il governo dell'immigrazione.4. La direttiva 2009/52/CE.
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بوسنان, د. سفيان. "Illegal migration and the European Union " a perusal of securing the phenomenon"." مجلة العلوم السياسية, no. 55 (February 20, 2019): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30907/jj.v0i55.20.
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Abstract This study seeks to deal academically with how the EU treats clandestine immigration, through adopting a purley security approach, based on the European understanding of security threats posed to the security of communities and States in EU at all levels. So they agreed upon criminalizing this threat within the bloc while using repressive tools and steps to limit illegal immigrants flow to European territories. Accordingly, the EU gave the phenomen a security character. So it takes it from low politics level , that of employment and economic field to that of high politics, as a new security problem lying within a new security language embraced by ruling European elites, in other words EU touched on this issue as a speech act emphasizing the emergency of existential threat as it would affect both physical and moral existence of EU security reference whether at individual group, state or identity levels. That ‘s why exceptional arrangements of securing that reference under threat must be pursued which turned to be named in the political and security literature as securitization of clandestine immigration
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Keel, Sara. "The interactive achievement and transformation of a “revolutionary category” – the “sans-papiers” – during public press conferences." Journal of Language and Politics 16, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.16.1.04kee.
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Abstract Launching a protest movement implies the establishment of a self-categorisation that sets forth the terms of its membership and its political aims from within. Claiming all members’ right to collective legalisation, immigrants without residence/working permits have constituted the “sans-papiers”/“undocumented” category to counter other-categorisations, such as “illegal immigrants” and “clandestine”, which associate the designated population with illegality, and to apply pressure for political change. This paper offers detailed analyses of the ways members of a protest movement (2001, Fribourg, Switzerland) established and used the “sans-papiers” category as official speakers during press conferences. It shows on the one hand speakers’ ingenious in situ deployment of resources offered by the press conference format for doing protest. On the other hand, it reveals speakers’ transforming categorial work that indexes inherent tensions that the setting-up of a “revolutionary category” might imply for its members when confronted to politico-institutional challenges engendered by their protest.
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Hualde, José Ignacio, and Mahir Şaul. "Istanbul Judeo-Spanish." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 41, no. 1 (March 28, 2011): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100310000277.
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The Judeo-Spanish speaking population of Istanbul is the result of migrations that were due to the edict of expulsion of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in 1492. The Ottoman ruler Bayezid II provided a haven to the exiles in his realm, and many came as immigrants to the capital Istanbul and other major port cities in that year. A continuous trickle of immigration of Jews originating in Spain continued after that date, as some of those who had gone to exile in other Mediterranean and Western European countries eventually also decided to resettle in Ottoman cities. Some Spanish-speaking families continued to migrate from the cities of the Italian peninsula to Istanbul and other centers of the Ottoman empire up until the eighteenth century. Another stream included Hispano-Portuguese families, Jews who had resettled in Portugal after the expulsion but were forced to undergo conversion there in 1497, and after a period of clandestine Jewish existence started emigrating to other countries in the sixteenth century. First Bayonne in France, then Amsterdam and other Hanseatic cities became important centers for Hispano-Portuguese families that returned to Judaism, and these maintained relations with, and occasionally sent immigrants to, the Jewish communities of the Ottoman cities.
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Fonju, Njuafac Kenedy. "Typologies of Illustrative Traumatizing Images of African Youths Migratory Pathways in Search of Voluntary Slavery Cutting Across South American Continent Attempting to Reach North American Continent 2000-2021." Cross-Currents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 10, no. 03 (March 27, 2024): 58–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2024.v10i02.004.
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In order to face the realities of things and making African youths to be aware of the danger between life and death in search of extra- continental greener pastures, we deemed it necessary to bring out substantial images which communicate more visibly. Seeing just those different photos of the Darien Gap crossing between 2000 and 2021 are enough evidence to orientate those still having high ambitions to harass their parents to sell the lonely family properties to facilitate their way about through Southern American jungle forested zones where death awaits them. In fact, imagine that a child who was born in town, spent all his life there and have never everyone to the farm with the parents nor claiming a hilly road route of 2km will then decide to embark on a journey of more than 90 km in the most thickest dangerous forest for two weeks or months of hard trekking. Taking into consideration the rate of criminalities practices in the forested zones, the types of wide animals inhabited, crossing deep rivers without bridges, entering inside thick mud which reaches the level of the knees, carrying little babies and having no food nor good sources of drinking water on the way… the end results is tantamount to pre-mature death. The tilapias of the Forest Rivers have so far been enjoying the fleshes of African youths who have their ill-lucks from crossing the deep rivers for they cannot swarm well to survive. The few whom successfully crossed and reaching the final destinations of North American Continent of the United States and Canada still suffer from social challenges of civilized torturing mechanisms and all forms of racial discrimination. The existing towns and conditions of life or surviving are somehow unbearable to some of those clandestine immigrants in their own degree of the Diaspora ship. This enable us to know where the Darien Gap is located which have taking the life of many African youths through their clandestine, irregular or undocumented migration ........
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Camozzi, Ilenya. "‘Non siamo clandestini. Siamo i nuovi cittadini'. Le mobilitazioni dei migranti tra percorsi di cittadinanza e istanze di riconoscimento." PARTECIPAZIONE E CONFLITTO, no. 3 (March 2013): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/paco2012-003002.
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In the last few years there has been a significant increase in studies on migrants' associations and political participation. These analyses generally focus on the macro- social aspects of migrants' associations and political participation: scholars combine this phenomenon with the study of social capital and networks on one hand, and the concepts of civic community and political opportunity structure on the other. Nevertheless there is still a lack of attention to both the internal dynamics of migrants' associations, and the conflictual aspects of their mobilizations. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted in the city of Milan examining specific forms of migrants' associations claiming citizenship and political rights. The narratives of the migrants involved in these associations shed light on their subjective perception both of mis-recognition as humans from Italian institutions and paternalistic support from Italian activists. These conflictual elements are the reason they establish associations and embark on forms of mobilization. Special attention is devoted to an impressive protest that saw migrants occupying the top of a disused industrial chimney in November 2010. The protest - which came about against the outcome of the 2009 amnesty described by migrants as ‘fraudulent', and at the same time aimed to relaunch the mobilization of migrants in Italy after many years of inactivity - failed after 2 months. Internal divisions within the Immigrants' Committee on the way to conduct the protest was one of the main reasons for its failure.
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Borraccetti, Marco. "Il rimpatrio di cittadini irregolari: armonizzazione (blanda) con attenzione (scarsa) ai diritti delle persone." DIRITTO, IMMIGRAZIONE E CITTADINANZA, no. 1 (April 2010): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/diri2010-001002.
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La Direttiva 2008/115 riguarda norme e procedure che riguardano il rimpatrio di cittadini di Paesi terzi il cui soggiorno sul territorio comunitario risulti irregolare. Per combattere l'immigrazione clandestina sono stati scelti alcuni strumenti, tra questi: la possibilitŕ del rimpatrio dei minorenni; quella di inviare gli immigrati irregolari «in un Paese di transito» diverso da quello di origine; la possibilitŕ di trattenerli per 18 mesi in Centro di accoglienza; la possibilitŕ che queste misure riguardino anche le famiglie. L'obiettivo č quello di armonizzare un settore particolarmente delicato, che incide in primo luogo sulla vita delle persone ed č di particolare sensibilitŕ dal punto di vista politico. L'indirizzo che prevale privilegia l'approccio securitario al problema, con l'individuazione dei cittadini extracomunitari in posizione irregolare quasi esclusivamente come veicolo di problemi di ordine pubblico o di sicurezza interna. Da questo ne consegue un'unica preoccupazione: quella di allontanarli dal territorio comunitario, senza curarsi in veritŕ delle conseguenze che questo potrŕ comportare nei loro confronti.
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Traoré, N’gna, Bintou Koné, Oumar Sidibé, and Sékou Camara. "Interdiction de l’exploitation d’or par drague : Une politique publique à l’épreuve des pratiques clandestines par temps de crise." Mande Studies 25, no. 1 (2023): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00007.
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RÉSUMÉ: Sur la partie supérieure du fleuve Niger, dans le cercle de Kangaba réputé riche en or, l’orpaillage alluvionnaire informel « par drague » implique divers acteurs : les Somono, maîtres et usagers habituels de l’eau, les forgerons, les propriétaires fonciers, les pouvoirs communaux, les agents des services techniques, les orpailleurs immigrés, ainsi que des personnes déplacées venues des zones de conflit du Mali. Cependant, face aux effets environnementaux négatifs du dragage, des politiques règlementaires adoptées en 2019 ont interdit l’exploitation de l’or par drague, mais sans succès. Cet article analyse les enjeux économiques et sociaux des dragues en contexte de crise sécuritaire ainsi que les pratiques inégalitaires dans l’application de l’interdiction qui motivent le contournement et légitiment la persévérance de la pratique. ABSTRACT: In the upper reaches of the River Niger, particularly in the gold-rich circle of Kangaba, informal alluvial gold panning by dredging involves a variety of stakeholders: the Somono, the traditional masters and users of the water, blacksmiths, landowners, local authorities, technical service agents, and immigrant gold miners, particularly internally displaced persons from conflict zones. However, in view of the adverse environmental effects of dredging, regulatory policies adopted in 2019 have unsuccessfully banned gold mining by dredging in Mali. This article analyzes the economic and social stakes of dredging, as well as the inequalities in the application of the ban that motivate circumvention and legitimize the persistence of the practice.
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Mehta, Brinda J. "Migritude and Kala Pani Routes in Shumona Sinha’s Assommons les pauvres (Let Us Strike Down the Poor)." Minnesota review 2020, no. 94 (May 1, 2020): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-8128435.
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The term migritude was first coined by French theorist Jacques Chevrier to characterize “extracontinental” francophone sub-Saharan literatures that have their roots in negritude and immigration. Kenyan cultural artist Shailja Patel later expanded the term to include South Asian “migrants with attitude.” This article further expands the current framings of migritude by linking it to the historical movement of kala pani, or nineteenth-century Indian indenture. The idea of kala pani migritude reveals an engagement with clandestine migration, identity, language, translation, and geography, both rooted in France and routed along treacherous seaways. Shumona Sinha’s novel Assommons les pauvres also focuses on the experiences of the privileged immigrant narrator whose story is a core part of the novel. Sinha has the privilege to narrate the stories of the migrants for them in her coveted role as a translator. Her stories are mediated by her ambivalence toward the migrants, for whom she feels shame and disgust, and her own tentative attempts to assimilate Frenchness as a normative ideal. This article offers a contrapuntal reading of Sinha’s novel through the lens of kala pani migritude to determine whether migrant subjectivity in a mediated narrative is an ultimately temporary, fleeting, or failed act.
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Deahl, Kenneth L., Richard W. Jones, Frances M. Perez, David S. Shaw, and Louise R. Cooke. "Characterization of Isolates of Phytophthora infestans from Four Solanaceous Hosts Growing in Association With Late Blight-infected Commercial Potato Crops." HortScience 41, no. 7 (December 2006): 1635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.7.1635.
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The oomycete, Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating pathogen of potato worldwide. Several genotypes of P. infestans are able to infect other cultivated and weed species of the family Solanaceae and cause symptoms similar to late blight. Changes in P. infestans populations have stimulated investigations to determine if potato strains from new immigrant populations infect nonpotato hosts more often than those from the older population. Expansion of the effective host range may be one of the mechanisms involved in pathogenic changes in natural populations of P. infestans and to determine its significance, it is necessary to establish if the pathogen strains on nonpotato hosts represent distinct genotypes/populations or are freely exchanging with those on potato. This article reports characterization of P. infestans isolates from four solanaceous hosts (black nightshade, hairy nightshade, petunia, and tomato) growing within and around fields of blighted potatoes in four U.S. locations and one U.K. location and their comparison with isolates collected from adjacent infected potatoes. Isolates were characterized for mitochondrial DNA haplotype, mating type, metalaxyl resistance, allozymes of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase, and DNA fingerprint with the RG57 probe. Analysis showed close similarity of the petunia, hairy and black nightshade isolates to potato isolates. However, tomatoes from New Jersey and Pennsylvania, respectively, were infected by two distinct and previously unreported pathogen genotoypes, which had quite different fingerprints from P. infestans isolates recovered from nearby infected potatoes. Potato growers should be aware that both weed and cultivated solanaceous species can be infected with P. infestans and may serve as clandestine reservoirs of inoculum. Because some of these plants do not show conspicuous symptoms, they may escape detection and fail to be either removed or treated and so may play a major role in the introduction and spread of pathogens to new locations.
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Burchielli, Rosaria, and Annie Delaney. "The Invisibilization and Denial of Work in Argentinian Garment Homework." Articles 71, no. 3 (October 19, 2016): 468–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037661ar.
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Homeworkers are a globally significant part of the informal workforce, commonly regarded as invisible because their work is not recognized (Burchielli et al., 2008; Prugl, 1999). In this qualitative study, we examine homeworker invisibility in the case of Argentinian garment homework using the concepts of work invisibilization and work denial. The work invisibilization concept (Krinsky and Simonet, 2012), referring to devalorized work resulting from the neoliberal agenda, is used to understand recent global trends away from standard work arrangements/protections. Arising from the social relations of domination, invisibilized work is precarious, with irregular/ non-existent employment contracts and relationships. Invisibilization thus provides a valuable lens for analysing homework, which shares key characteristics with emerging forms of invisibilized employment. Homework however, has not transformed but has always been informal, characterized by inferior standards. To account for this, we articulate a concept of denial of work. Cohen's (2001) concept of denial describes broad dimensions, including different forms, strategies and levels of denial. Adapting these, we construct a framework to analyze the denial of Argentinian garment homework, enabling a detailed examination of the specific social actors and processes involved in casting homework as non-work. In considering the denial of homework in relation to invisibilization, we argue that these are related but distinct concepts. Used together, they help explain the low-power condition of two types of garment homeworkers in Argentina while also accounting for their differences: the mostly male, migrant workers employed in clandestine workshops (such as the Bolivians interviewed in our study), and the traditional, mostly female, Argentinian garment homeworkers. Our findings suggest that Bolivian immigrant homeworkers are partially visibilized due to NGO advocacy. However, as there are no improvements to their working conditions, they remained largely invisibilized through the effects of capitalism. By contrast, traditional women homeworkers have no representation and internalize their condition: their invisibilization is explained by the cumulative effects of capitalism and patriarchy.
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Chen, Yong. "Surviving the City: Chinese Immigrant Experience in New York City, 1890-1970, and: Seeking Modernity in China's Name: Chinese Students in the United States, 1900-1927, and: Smuggled Chinese: Clandestine Immigration to the United States (review)." Journal of Asian American Studies 5, no. 3 (2002): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jaas.2003.0014.
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Rodrigues Costa, Luciano. "SUBCONTRATAÇÃO E INFORMALIDADE NA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL, NO BRASIL E NA FRANÇA." Caderno CRH 24, no. 62 (January 24, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v24i62.19090.
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Este artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa do mercado de trabalho do setor da Construção Civil, no Brasil e na França, em um contexto de flexibilização. Fruto de pesquisas de campo em canteiros de obras, nesses dois países, o texto aborda especificidades da informalidade dos contratos de trabalho no setor, que vêm produzindo uma transferência das ilegalidades das grandes para as pequenas empresas. No caso Francês, mediante as agências de temporários. No Brasil, através das pequenas empresas clandestinas, denominadas “gatas”. Enfatizam-se a percepção dos trabalhadores frente às ilegalidades e suas estratégias para se manter no mercado. No caso Francês, ressalta-se o trabalho de imigrantes clandestinos ou portadores de títulos de estadia precários, viabilizados pelas agências de temporários. No Brasil, percebe-se que o setor sempre se organizou com base na informalidade e busca, aos poucos, fidelizar os trabalhadores, ainda que se mantenha predominante o trabalho informal.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: informalidade, subcontratação, construção civil, trabalho, precariedade.SUBCONTRACTING AND INFORMALITY IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION, IN BRAZIL AND FRANCE Luciano Rodrigues CostaThis paper presents a comparative analysis of the labor market of the construction industry in Brazil and France, in a context of flexibility. This text, being the result of field research on construction sites in these two countries, discusses specifics of the informal labor contracts in the sector, which have produced a transfer of illegalities from large to small businesses. In the French case, through temporary agencies. In Brazil, through small businesses underground, called “kittens. ”The perception of workers against such illegalities and their strategies to stay on the market are emphasized. In the French case, the work of illegal or semi-legal immigrants, made possible by temporary agencies. In Brazil, it is clear that the industry has always been organized based on informality and seeks, gradually, to retain workers, even though informal work remains predominant.KEYWORDS: informality, subcontracting, civil construction, labor, precariousness.SOUS-TRAITANCE ET INFORMALITÉ DANS LA CONSTRUCTION CIVILE, AU BRÉSIL ET EN FRANCE Luciano Rodrigues CostaCet article présente une analyse comparative du marché du travail dans la Construction Civile au Brésil et en France, dans un contexte de flexibilité. Fruit des recherches de terrain effectuées sur des chantiers de construction dans ces deux pays, ce texte aborde les spécificités des contrats de travail informels dans le secteur qui entrainent un transfert d’illégalités des grandes aux petites entreprises. Dans le cas français, ceci se fait par le biais des agences d’intérim, au Brésil, par le biais des petites entreprises clandestines, appelées “gatas”. On y souligne la perception de ces illégalités par les travailleurs et les stratégies utilisées pour rester sur le marché. Dans le cas français, l’accent est mis sur le travail des immigrés clandestins ou porteurs de titres de séjour précaires, rendus possibles par les agences de travail intérimaire. Au Brésil on peut se rendre compte que le secteur a toujours été organisé sur la base de l’informel mais cherche progressivement à fidéliser les ouvriers, même si le travail informel reste prédominant.MOTS-CLÉS: informalité, sous-traitance, construction civile, travail, précarité. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
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"The Regularisation of Clandestine Immigrants in France." European Journal of Migration and Law 2, no. 3-4 (2000): 309–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718160020958962.
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"The Regularisation of Clandestine Immigrants in Italy." European Journal of Migration and Law 2, no. 3-4 (2000): 337–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718160020958971.
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Martínez Lirola, María. "Critical analysis of dehumanizing news photographs on immigrants: Examples of the portrayal of non-citizenship." Discourse & Society, June 1, 2022, 095792652210881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09579265221088121.
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This paper analyses the main visual characteristics of sub-Saharan immigrants represented as non-citizens in a sample from the Spanish press, and deepens on how this contributes to perpetuating the ‘we-they’ dichotomy. The data consist of all the news items published on sub-Saharan immigrants in the digital editions of the Spanish newspapers El País and ABC from 1 January 2016 to 1 January 2021. Kress and van Leeuwen’s visual grammar and van Leeuwen’s model for the visual representation of social actors will be the theoretical frameworks. The findings indicate that there are different visual ways to portray immigrants as non-citizens, which allows establishing this classification: representing immigrants’ arrival as illegal and clandestine, portraying them as invaders, representing immigrants as violent individuals or associating them with animalization. All these can be considered visual dysphemisms that problematize the arrival of immigrants and highlight the differences between Spanish population and immigrants.
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Martí Solano, Ramón. "Les associations lexicales et discursives du terme illegal immigrant dans la presse britannique." Analyse du discours médiatique sur l’immigration, no. 1 (March 5, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/dire.116.
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Un corpus d’articles de la presse britannique consacré à des questions sur l’immigration montre bien les associations lexicales, locutionnelles et phraséologiques de certains termes tels que immigrant (immigrant), asylum seeker (demandeur d’asile) ou refugee (réfugié). Une approche quantitative des phénomènes collocationnels et cotextuels nous permet de dégager des tendances de combinatoire lexicale et ensuite d’engager une analyse qualitative du traitement du phénomène migratoire dans les Iles Britanniques. L’association lexicale du nom immigrant avec l’adjectif illegal (illégal, clandestin) est la première qui vient à l’esprit. Elle est confirmée par notre étude. Il s’avère que ce groupement de mots apparaît majoritairement en relation cotextuelle avec des notions relevant de la criminalité, de la contrebande, du vol, de la fraude, de l’abduction, de l’emprisonnement, etc.
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Carruthers, Andrew M. "Specters of excess: Passing and policing in the Malay‐speaking archipelago." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, August 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jola.12398.
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AbstractPositioned at the island interface of Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, the east Malaysian state of Sabah bears witness to some of the largest clandestine cross‐border flows across the globe. This article examines what a Royal Commission of Inquiry on Illegal Immigrants in Sabah has called “an insidious problem which has turned out to be an all‐consuming nightmare.” It highlights the situated (meta)semiotic work involved in determining and enforcing the state's seemingly indeterminate and unenforceable borders between citizens and suspected non‐citizens, while also showing how inquiries into migrant illegality are ultimately inquiries into “excess.” It demonstrates how experiences of and orientations to excess take expressive shape in migrants and Malaysians' fashions of speaking and forms of life. It concludes by considering how these transnational dynamics across a sprawling archipelagic region lend a provincializing angle of vision on American(ist) anthropology's own hemispheric parochialism.