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Sagar, Smriti, Neeta Natu, and Nootan Chandwaskar. "Magnesium sulphate therapy in eclampsia and pre-eclampsia." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 8 (2018): 3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183315.
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Background: Maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity remains high during pregnancy in the presence of eclampsia, it can have severe adverse effects on mother and the fetus. So, its management should be a top priority. The objective of the present research was to study the effect of magnesium sulphate in control of imminent eclampsia and eclampsia.Methods: 19 cases of eclampsia and 185 cases of imminent eclampsia were treated with standardized magnesium sulphate. The outcome measures in terms of recurrence of convulsions, maternal and neonatal outcome, etc. were seen.Results: Most common age group in both the groups were 21-30 years (i.e. 78.9% with eclampsia and 75.7% with imminent eclampsia). In both the groups, majority of the women were primigravidae. In eclampsia group, 9 (47.4%) women had 1 episode of convulsion, 8 (42.1%) women had two episodes of convulsions, 1 (5.3%) women each had 3 and 4 episodes of convulsions, while there were no convulsions in imminent eclampsia women (‘t’ value = 28.558, df=202, p=0.000). Vomiting and headache (94.7%) were the most common premonitory symptoms in eclampsia group, followed by edema in 68.4% women, while in imminent eclampsia 64.9% women had headache, 57.8% women had edema and 43.2% had vomiting. Recurrence of convulsions were seen in 4 (21.1%) women of the eclampsia group even after giving maintenance dose and additional dose of magnesium sulphate. 1 (5.3%) death was seen in eclampsia group and none in the imminent eclampsia group. Neonatal mortality in eclampsia group (47.4%) was higher than imminent eclampsia group (11.7%), which was statistically significant (Z value = 3.05, p=0.002).Conclusions: Magnesium sulphate regimen was effective in control of convulsions in eclampsia and as prophylaxis in imminent eclampsia.
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Varsha, Sinha, and Verma Swetabh. "A Retrospective Epidemiological Assessment of Feto-maternal Outcomes in Cases of Imminent Eclampsia and Eclampsia." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 12, no. 1 (2022): 121–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12548262.
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<strong>Aim:</strong> To Study Epidemiology and fetomaternal outcomes in cases of imminent eclampsia and eclampsia- retrospective study. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Perinatal mortality rate was defined as the number of all fetal (after 28 weeks of gestation) and neonatal (during the first 28 days after birth) deaths/1,000 births. Data was expressed as mean, percentages, proportions. Chi-square test was used to find association between various categorical variables. p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. <strong>Results:</strong> There were 120 mild and severe pre-eclampsia cases and 80 imminent eclampsia and eclampsia cases. Most of the subjects were in age group of 20-25 years that is 77(38.5%) and 35.5% were either <20 years or >35 years in age. Among the preeclampsia group of patients, 54% delivered vaginally and 44% underwent Caesarean section. Among the imminent eclampsia/ eclampsia group of patients, 59% patients underwent Caesarean section, 37.5% delivered vaginally, 3.5% underwent assisted vaginal delivery and 0.50% required hysterotomy. This finding is significant with chi square = 36.4548 and P- value <.00001. That majority of patients were taken up for Caesarean section in view of previous cesarean delivery (33.5%) and Unfavourable cervix (32%). Other indications for Caesarean section being failed induction (15%), Doppler abnormalities (10%), Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion (CPD) (4%) and abruptio placentae (3%). Maternal complications were seen in 42 (21%) cases. Maternal complications seen were HELLP syndrome (9%), PPH (7%), Abruptio placentae (6%), Pulmonary edema (2%) and HELLP syndrome with AKI in 7% cases, renal failure in 3% cases, DIC in 1.5% cases, ARDS, AKI with DIC, HELLP syndrome with IVH in 1% cases each. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Pre-eclampsia is one of the medical complications which occur during pregnancy and is responsible for significant feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. As pre-eclampsia cannot be fully prevented, diagnosis of high-risk patients and timely treatment can help prevent complications.
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Razafindrainibe, T., S Rakotonomenjanahary, JG Raelison, et al. "INTRODUCTION DU SULFATE DE MAGNESIUM DANS LA PRISE EN CHARGE DE LA PREECLAMPSIE SEVERE AU CHUGOB." EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science 6, no. 1 (2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v6i1.131.
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Introduction: Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and newborn morbi-mortality mostly through eclampsia and its complications. Magnesium sulphate is now approved to prevent eclamptic seizures. Our survey is aimed at showing the benefits and risks of its use in the management of severe preeclampsia. 
 Methods: A prospective and descriptive study was led for nine months from April to December 2016 at CHUGOB about 90 severe preeclamptic women up to 28 weeks of gestation with imminent eclampsia and/or decision of delivery (or in labor); treated by magnesium sulphate before, during and/or after delivery. 
 Results: The prevalence of this pathology was 1, 9%. It occurred before 37 weeks of gestation in 62, 22% of the cases, with middle age of 28, 89 years old. Systolic arterial blood pressure was greater than 160 mmHg (92, 22%), accompanied by significant proteinuria (61, 11%), and clinical signs of imminent eclampsia (65, 56%). Fifty five of them (61, 11%) needed antihypertensive therapy. The mainly side effects were minor (feeling of warmth in 54, 44%). There were six overdoses which regressed when treatment was stopped and calcium gluconate administered. No patients had eclampsia nor death. The newborn morbi-mortality hadn’t been affected. 
 Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate is effective especially in imminent eclampsia. The benefits from its use were above the risks for the mother and her baby with rigorous clinic follow up.
 We recommend it.
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C., Raji, and Suba S. "Comparative study: normotensive and preeclampsia mother presenting with imminent symptoms of eclampsia in third trimester of pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 4 (2020): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201240.
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Background: This prospective study compares the maternal and fetal outcome in normotensive and preeclampsia mother presenting with imminent symptoms of eclampsia in third trimester. This prospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Government Theni Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India in 2019.Methods: A total 100 antenatal mothers were selected for the study. Group A - 50 known case of preeclampsia presented with imminent symptoms. Group B-50 previously normotensive patients present with imminent symptoms of eclampsia. Maternal and fetal outcome were analysed.Results: Incidence of eclampsia - 0.1%, HELLP syndrome - 0.04%, pulmonary edema - 0.06%, PRES - 0.07%, abruptio placenta - 0.14% and maternal death in Group A was 2% and in Group B was 8%. Maternal complications are more in normotensive women (46%) presented with imminent symptoms than in preeclampsia women (26%) with imminent symptoms. Incidence of IUGR in Group A was 46%, whereas in Group B 12%. Incidence of preterm babies in Group A was 18%, whereas in Group B was 42%. Perinatal death incidence was 2.2% in imminent eclampsia.Conclusions: Because known preeclampsia patients were aware of imminent symptoms and presented early to hospital. Early identification and treatment of this dreadful outcome at the imminent state itself can reduce the complications. In current status on preventive aspect of eclampsia, atypical presentation should also be considered for which new screening and diagnostic tools has to be developed.
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Laddad, Manisha M., Anjali Patil, P. A. Havale, S. S. Vhawal, and Bahulekar Ashitosh. "Low Dose Magnesium Sulphate Regime for Eclampsia and Imminent Eclampsia." International Journal of Current Research and Review 12, no. 17 (2020): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2020.121717.
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N. Williams, Paula, and Sanjay P. Gupte. "Multifactorial inheritance of imminent preeclampsia: a case-control study." American Journal of BioMedicine 8, no. 3 (2020): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18081/2333-5106/020-8/141-154.
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Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, preterm birth, perinatal death, and intrauterine growth restriction. Incidence of hypertensive disordersin India is found to be 10.08 % as observed through the data collected by the National. Eclampsia Registry (NER) (11,266 out of 1,11,725 deliveries) over the past 3 years with 2,554 patients out of this presenting with eclampsia. A Case-control study conducted to investigate the critical role of familial preeclampsia in Pune of India. The women participate in this study who are primigravida with age <25-year-old.
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Jindal, Manjusha, Dweep Jindal, Viraj Naik, Mrinalini Sahasrabhojanee, and Guruprasad Pednekar. "Epidemiology and fetomaternal outcomes in cases of imminent eclampsia and eclampsia- retrospective study." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.008.
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The most common complication in pregnancy is Hypertension complicating 12-22% of all pregnancies. Among these pre-eclampsia is the leading cause constituting 10% of all pregnancies worldwide. In hospital practice in India, the incidence of pre-eclampsia varies from 5% to 15% and of eclampsia about 1.5%. According to WHO report 2008, eclampsia constitutes for 12% of all maternal deaths in developing countries. Thus it is important to study its Epidemiology and Management strategies. Retrospective descriptive data based study. The data is collected after reviewing the medical records of all gravid women with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy who presented between July 2010–July 2014. Data was collected on predesigned, standardised proforma of National Eclampsia Registry. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Data was expressed as Mean, percentages, proportions. Chi-square test was used to find association between various categorical variables. p-value &#60;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. During the study period there were 22,591 deliveries. There were 1468 mild and severe pre-eclampsia cases and 309 imminent eclampsia and eclampsia cases. The proportion of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) cases was found to be 7.85% and that of eclampsia 1.36%. 74.34% of the patients belonged to age group between 20-30 years. 69.11% patients were primigravidas with significant corelation to parity (p value &#60;.00). 68.4% cases were unbooked with p value &#60;.00. 84.3% cases presented between 29-36 weeks. 56.96% patients had headache and 28.48% had headache with vomiting as premonitory symptoms. 74.4% patients had antepartum, 9.14% intra partum and 16.46% postpartum eclampsia. Increasing proteinuria was significantly related to no. of convulsions (p &#60;.05). Maternal complications were seen in 21.68% cases. Maternal deaths during study period due to eclampsia complications were 1.3%. Perinatal complications were seen in 19.41% babies; prematurity being most common (40%). Low birth weight was seen in 68.09% babies which was statistically significant (p value &#60;0.00). There was no significant change in the incidence of eclampsia over four years. Present study highlights various risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Unbooked, young primigravida with significant proteinuria are at increased risk for pre-eclampsia-related morbidity and mortality. As doctor to patient ratio is below par, the role of ASHA workers is important. Government efforts to track all pregnancies will ensure adequate antenatal care especially to the socio-economically deprived and rural population. Doctors working in peripheral hospitals should have periodic training in the management of preeclampsia and eclampsia to avoid missed opportunities as well as better transport facilities to handle obstetric emergencies. As no change in incidence of eclampsia over years, ASHA workers to be trained to identify warning signs. Doctors working in peripheral hospitals should have periodic training in the management of preeclampsia and eclampsia to avoid missed opportunities.
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Rashmi, Raginee. "To Determine the Clinico-Demographic Profile and Morbidity Pattern in Menopausal Women: Cross Sectional Study." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 12, no. 1 (2022): 129–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12548361.
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<strong>Aim:</strong> To determine the clinico-demographic profile and morbidity pattern in menopausal women. <strong>Materials & Methods: </strong>It is a cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mahila chikitsalaya, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India<strong>.</strong> over a period of one year.Patients will be examined for their symptoms and gynaecological examinations. On a decided proforma the age, socio economic demographic data, symptoms will be noted. General, systemic and obstetric examination findings will be noted. <strong>Results: </strong>About 50% of women have menstrual disturbances of varying degrees for about 6 months to 2 years in premenopausal period before attaining menopause. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Health promotion must address obesity, hypertension and smoking to reduce the negative effects of menopause.
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S., Shreya M., and Nayana D. H. "Correlation of serum magnesium levels in eclampsia with pritchard and single dose magnesium sulphate regimen." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 9 (2019): 3732. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193807.
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Background: Magnesium sulphate is anticonvulsant of choice for eclampsia. Single dose magnesium sulphate therapy was tried for the management of Eclampsia and Imminent Eclampsia considering the low body mass index of Indian population.Methods: A prospective interventional study comprising of total 80 patients having either eclampsia or imminent eclampsia, to whom the Pritchard or a single dose MgSO4 was given alternatively in a tertiary hospital from October 2014 to October 2017. Serum magnesium levels, maternal and perinatal outcome and recurrence of convulsions were evaluated using Student- t test and chi square test.Results: Mean Serum Magnesium levels in eclampsia and imminent eclampsia group at 0 min, 30 min, 4 hours in Pritchard regimen were 1.96mg/dl, 5.85mg/dl, 4.68mg/dl while in single dose regimen it was 1.78mg/dl, 462mg/dl, 3.63mg/dl respectively. Those who received Pritchard regimen showed higher level of Serum magnesium levels at 30 minutes and 4 hours than those receiving single dose. By applying T-test it was found that there is a significant difference in serum magnesium levels range in both group but no statistical difference in the control of convulsions in both groups.Conclusions: With increased and almost widespread use of magnesium sulfate in obstetrics there has been concerns regarding its safety. In the study, although P-values are not significant because of small sample size, there is considerable difference in serum magnesium levels 30 min and 4 hours, recurrence of convulsions and maternal morbidity between Pritchard regimen and single dose regimen. The goal which was achieved with Pritchard regimen previously, now can be achieved with single dose regimen in Indian women. Single dose magnesium sulphate is safe and effective in controlling convulsions with improved maternal and perinatal outcome.
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Malapaka, Suvarna V. N., and Priya K. Ballal. "Low-dose magnesium sulfate versus Pritchard regimen for the treatment of eclampsia imminent eclampsia." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 115, no. 1 (2011): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.05.013.
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Malapaka, S. V., and P. K. Ballal. "Low-dose Magnesium Sulfate Versus Pritchard Regimen for the Treatment of Eclampsia Imminent Eclampsia." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 32, no. 4 (2012): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000422705.89274.fb.
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N.S, Kshirsagar, Manisha Laddad, and Amit Bafana. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOW DOSE MAGNESIUM SULPHATE & PRITCHARD REGIME FOR ECLAMPSIA & IMMINENT ECLAMPSIA." Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences 2, no. 8 (2013): 966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/364.
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Gr, V., S. Is, and R. Shetty. "O283 A STUDY OF LOW DOSE MAGNESIUM SULPHATE(MGSO4) REGIME IN ECLAMPSIA AND IMMINENT ECLAMPSIA." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 119 (October 2012): S360—S361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60713-9.
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Sardesai, S. P., A. Patil, S. Maira, and U. Patil. "Low dose magnesium sulphate therapy for eclampsia and imminent eclampsia: Regime tailored for Indian women." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 70 (2000): B45—B46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(00)86247-5.
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K, Lokeshwari, and Sreenivasa B. "Maternal and fetal outcome of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in cesarean section and normal delivery." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 16, no. 2 (2022): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v16i2.42103.
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Aims: To evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia in Cesarean Section and normal delivery .
 Methods: An observational descriptive study of severe pre-eclampsia-eclampsia conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital. Gestational age 32-42 weeks were included and imminent deliveries were excluded from the study. Primary outcome variables were mode of delivery, maternal morbidity-mortality, and perinatal morbidity-mortality.
 Results: 63.2% in severe pre-eclampsia, 50% in eclampsia group delivered vaginally; 15.1% in severe preeclampsia and 25% in eclampsia group underwent elective LSCS; 21.7% in severe preeclampsia and 25% in eclampsia group underwent emergency LSCS. Incidence of cesarean deliveries in severe pre-eclampsia was 36.8% and in eclampsia it was 50%. No maternal death was observed in elective LSCS. Maternal death in vaginal delivery cases was 0.94% in severe preeclampsia and 4.76% in eclampsia. In emergency LSCS cases maternal mortality was 1.4% in severe preeclampsia and 4.76% in eclampsia group. No perinatal mortality was observed in elective LSCS group; 4.7% perinatal mortality occurred in normal delivery, 20.5% in emergency LSCS in severe preeclampsia and 7.1% in eclampsia who were delivered vaginally.
 Conclusion: In eclampsia, feto-maternal outcome is better in the cesarean deliveries than in the vaginal deliveries
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Devi, Arukonda Niranjani, Manjula Pathri, and Sruthi Tammala. "Relationship between maternal abo blood group and rh typing with maternal and perinatal outcome." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2022.002723.
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The ABO blood group type has been considered an independent risk factor in pregnancy-related complications leading to significant morbidity and mortality in pregnant mothers and neonates.
 Aim: To study the relationship between maternal ABO blood group and Rh typing with maternal and perinatal outcomes.
 Materials and methods: Prospective Observational study was carried out for 24 months from November among 1000 pregnant women attending outpatient for ABO blood group and Rh typing with maternal and perinatal outcome.
 Results: Among 1000 subjects, 43.5 % belonged to blood group O, followed by 30 % in blood group B. 20.7 % had blood group A, and 5.8 % had AB blood group. In the present study, 95.4 % had Rh+ve, and 4.6 % had Rh-ve typing. The incidence of preterm labour was high at 6.3 % in the O+ve blood group, followed by 1.8 % in the AB +ve, 0.6 % in the A+ve and 0.3 % in the B+ve blood group. A statistically significant association was found between blood grouping and preeclampsia with high incidence among the A+ve blood group. A statistically significant association was found between blood grouping and imminent eclampsia with high incidence among the AB+ve blood group. There was a statistically significant association found between blood grouping and intrauterine death.
 Conclusion: The findings in the present study will help clinicians to identify the patients at risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes like preeclampsia and imminent eclampsia; hence, the timely intervention will help to improve maternal and perinatal outcome and also helps to reduce the complications of preeclampsia and imminent eclampsia.
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Devi, Arukonda Niranjani, Manjula Pathri, and Sruthi Tammala. "Relationship between maternal abo blood group and rh typing with maternal and perinatal outcome." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 44–54. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2022.002723.
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The ABO blood group type has been considered an independent risk factor in pregnancy-related complications leading to significant morbidity and mortality in pregnant mothers and neonates. Aim: To study the relationship between maternal ABO blood group and Rh typing with maternal and perinatal outcomes. Materials and methods: Prospective Observational study was carried out for 24 months from November among 1000 pregnant women attending outpatient for ABO blood group and Rh typing with maternal and perinatal outcome. Results: Among 1000 subjects, 43.5 % belonged to blood group O, followed by 30 % in blood group B. 20.7 % had blood group A, and 5.8 % had AB blood group. In the present study, 95.4 % had Rh+ve, and 4.6 % had Rh-ve typing. The incidence of preterm labour was high at 6.3 % in the O+ve blood group, followed by 1.8 % in the AB +ve, 0.6 % in the A+ve and 0.3 % in the B+ve blood group. A statistically significant association was found between blood grouping and preeclampsia with high incidence among the A+ve blood group. A statistically significant association was found between blood grouping and imminent eclampsia with high incidence among the AB+ve blood group. There was a statistically significant association found between blood grouping and intrauterine death. Conclusion: The findings in the present study will help clinicians to identify the patients at risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes like preeclampsia and imminent eclampsia; hence, the timely intervention will help to improve maternal and perinatal outcome and also helps to reduce the complications of preeclampsia and imminent eclampsia.
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Aravapalli, Sridevi, Sumathi G., and Aparna B. "Intravenous versus Intramuscular Magnesium Sulfate for the Management of Severe Preeclampsia and Eclampsia." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 11 (2024): 1920–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14518067.
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<strong>Introduction: </strong>Eclampsia and preeclampsia are two of the leading causes of maternal mortality. If not treated promptly and effectively, eclamptic convulsions can be fatal emergencies with a significant risk of morbidity and death. One of the most important eclampsia management principles is controlling convulsions. When treating eclampsia, magnesium sulfate is the gold standard for anticonvulsant activity. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of intravenous versus intramuscular magnesium sulfate in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia cases. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A total of 116 pregnant women with eclampsia, imminent eclampsia, or severe preeclampsia were randomly allocated to two groups and managed with Pritchard regimen (Group 1) and Zuspan regimen (Group 2). Serum magnesium levels, maternal complications, neonatal outcome and status of seizure recurrence was reported. <strong>Results:</strong> The most prevalent mode of delivery was LSCS in 58.62% of group 1 and 62.06% of group 2. The APGAR scores were 6.44 and 6.70 at 1 minute, and 8.08 and 8.39 after 5 minutes. The average birth weight was 2.47 kg in group 1 and 2.30 kg in group 2. Seizure recurrence was observed in 5.17% of cases in group 1 and 1.72% in group 2. Abruption (8.65%) and HELLP (8.62%) were the most prevalent maternal complications in group 2. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The magnesium sulfate regimens administered intramuscularly and intravenously are equally beneficial in reducing the negative effects experienced by both the mother and the foetus. In contrast to intravascular infusion of magnesium sulfate, which carries a lower risk of toxicity, intramuscular magnesium sulfate is unpleasant and has a poorer compliance rate.
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Dr, Suneetha devi. Allenki. "Study on Feto-Maternal Outcome In Antepartum Eclampsia At GMH Sultan bazaar ,A Tertiary Care Hospital." International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research 4, no. 5 (2023): 407–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076904.
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Eclampsia is defined as women with pre-eclampsia and a convulsion that cannot be attributed to other causes1. Eclampsia is one of the obstetric emergencies where resuscitation plays an important role and requires regular drills to optimise management. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has been one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide in recent years2, 3. However in majority of the cases eclampsia is preceded by features of pre-eclampsia, imminent eclampsia and found to be more in rural population, young age, unbooked cases and primigravida2,3,4.The need of the hour is to educate the women and health care workers regarding regular antenatal checkups, frequent BP monitoring, a good knowledge about high-risk symptoms and signs for good pregnancy outcome and to avoid maternal and foetal complications. This can be done with the help of flipcharts, pictures, information reflex and educational videos. The strengthening of existing health care facilities, timely referral system and transportation facilities helps in reducing morbidity and mortality. Appropriate anti-hypertensive management, administration of MgSO4 before referral at any health care facility, timely delivery, fluid management will ensure a good outcome in eclampsia.
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Anitha, R., Shameema Begum, and Priya Dharshini P. "Presentation And Outcome of Eclampsia in a Tertiary Centre." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 1 (2023): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.11123.1.
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Aim & Objective: Demographic datas like the patients age, gestational age, admission BP, blood and urine investigation, neuroimaging, Management, mode of delivery, neonatal and maternal outcomes were analysed in patients presenting with eclampsia in a tertiary care centre. Introduction: The onset of convulsions in a woman with pre eclampsia that cannot be attributed to other causes is termed eclampsia. Eclampsia is a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for reducing the rate of eclampsia and also to prevent recurrent convulsions in eclampsia. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively on cases presenting with eclampsia in the OBG department, Government Rajaji Hospital for a period of 6 months from July 2019 to December 2019. Results: During the 6 month study period, total 26 cases of eclampsia was reported out of 5843 deliveries (0.4%). Total 657 cases of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (11.2%) was reported out of which 65 cases were severe pre-eclampsia (9.8%). 65% (11) of eclampsia presented as Antepartum eclampsia, 30.7%(11) cases presented as postpartum eclampsia, 3.8%(1) case as intrapartum eclampsia. One case presented as both antepartum and postpartum eclampsia. No case of maternal mortality was reported during the study period. Conclusion: Early detection of cases of pre-eclampsia and imminent eclampsia, proper evaluation and treatment with anti-hypertensives and Magnesium sulphate will reduce the occurrence of eclampsia. Multidisciplinary approach in a tertiary care centre can reduce the maternal mortality and morbidity. Proper knowledge of management of eclampsia can reduce the mortality. IV labetalol and its careful use is mandatory. Perinatal mortality is high mainly because of prematurity.
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R., Aruna Rani, Dheeba Jayanthi R., and Eswari S. "Study of maternal and fetal outcome in antepartum eclampsia in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 3 (2018): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180902.
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Background: In modern obstetrics, the prevalence of Eclampsia and its complications are high, so we decided to study pregnancy outcome in all Antepartum Eclampsia patients. The present study was carried out to investigate the maternal and fetal outcome in patient with Antepartum eclampsia.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem, India over a period of one year from January 2016 to December 2016 in all Antepartum Eclampsia patients. Analysis was done regarding the age of women, parity, gestational age, imminent symptoms, mode of delivery, fetal outcome and maternal morbidity and mortality.Results: Incidence of Antepartum Eclampsia in our hospital is 0.7%. It is more common in age group of 20 to 25years (68.5%) and primigravida (56%) and gestational age >37 weeks (51.85%). Commonest mode of delivery was by caesarean section (72%). Out of 54 patients of Antepartum Eclampsia 3 (5.5%) died and 18 (33%) had complications. Out of 50 live babies, 16 (32%) died.Conclusions: Eclampsia is still one of the important and common obstetric emergencies and it has a significant role in maternal and fetal outcome. The early identification of risk factors and timely intervention is needed to improve maternal and perinatal outcome.
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Bahulekar, Ashutosh, Sonal Phadtare, and Patange R P. "A STUDY OF SEASONAL VARIATION OBSERVED IN OCCURRENCE OF IMMINENT ECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 5, no. 12 (2016): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2016/119.
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Kansara, Vijay M., Payal Sureshkumar Patel, and Ajesh N. Desai. "A comparative study of low dose magnesium sulphate therapy with Pritchard’s regime in management of Eclampsia." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 10 (2019): 3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194352.
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Background: Eclampsia is one of the most common causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in India. Amongst the principles of management of eclampsia, the first is the control of convulsions. Magnesium sulphate is the main stay of treatment in eclampsia and imminent eclampsia. Average weight of Indian women is less than the western women due to which lower dose of magnesium sulphate can be used. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of low dose magnesium sulphate regimen with standard Pritchard regimen in control of eclampsia.Methods: The study was carried out at emergency labour room, GMERS Sola Civil Hospital Ahmedabad. 120 patients of eclampsia were divided randomly into study group (n=60) receiving low dose MgSO4 and control group (n=60) receiving Pritchard regimen. The recurrence of convulsion, toxicity of MgSO4 and maternal and fetal outcome was studied.Results: It was observed that with low dose MgSO4 regime, convulsions were controlled in 91.7% of the cases. With standard Pritchard’s regime convulsions were controlled in 95% of patients. The maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity were comparable in both groups.Conclusions: Low dose magnesium sulphate therapy is as effective as Pritchard’s regime for controlling convulsions in eclampsia and can be safely given in Indian women.
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Kadambi, Mythreyi, and Sushma V Dev. "A study on correlation between neuroimaging and maternal outcome in eclampsia." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 15, no. 3 (2024): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v15i3.60339.
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Background: Hypertensive disorders remain among the most significant complications of pregnancy. Neurological complications of eclampsia are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality that is associated with eclampsia. Neuroimaging studies have revolutionized visualization of hypertensive encephalopathy aids in timely intervention and a favorable maternal and perinatal outcome. Aims and Objectives: (1) To study the spectrum of neuroimaging findings in patients with eclampsia. (2) To correlate these findings with the maternal outcome. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mysore Medical College and research institute Mysore, for 18 months. All the eclamptic mothers during the study were included in the study. They were studied in terms of neuroimaging and its correlation with maternal outcomes. Results: The incidence of eclampsia was 7.14% which is relatively high, attributed to the fact that being a tertiary care center many cases are referred. Higher incidence was seen in primigravida (72.4%) and lower maternal age of 18–20 years (48%). Cesarean section was indicated in 50% of deliveries indicating immediate action was necessary for better fetomaternal outcome. They presented with varied imminent symptoms such as headache in 20.4%, vomiting in 22.4%, and visual blurring in 22.4%. About 50% presented with altered sensorium. On non-contrast computed tomography brain, 64.3% (63) had normal findings, 17.3% (17) had posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) with a sensitivity of 68.42% and specificity of 85%, whereas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, 36.26% had no abnormalities, 40.81% had PRES with a sensitivity of 86.84%, and specificity of 85%. About 58.6% had an uneventful maternal outcome. The others were hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet syndrome seen in 9.18% of patients, acute kidney injury in 6.12%, postpartum hemorrhage seen in 5.1%. The maternal mortality rate was 7.66%, the most common cause of death was intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusion: The common neuroimaging findings in eclampsia are cerebral edema, PRES, cerebral venous thrombosis, infarcts, hemorrhage, and hypertensive leukoencephalopathy. Although some abnormalities seen in neuroimaging studies are incidental and transient without chronic neurologic sequelae, both CT and MRI findings correlate with the clinical presentation and maternal outcome but MRI correlates better compared to CT and can be a better imaging modality in eclampsia patients and is indicated in all patients of eclampsia.
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Meduri, Amritha Aurora, Laxmi Aravelli, Kundena Srilaxmi, and Swathi Rallabhandi. "A clinical study of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality in gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2023.002786.
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In India, hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy are common and continue to be responsible for the largest proportion of perinatal deaths resulting from prematurity and IUGR and are major contributors to perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality.
 The aim: The present study is undertaken to analyse the cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia, including consequences concerning preterm delivery, IUGR, IUD and stillbirth and for the evaluation of a safe motherhood program at the population level.
 Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 105 selected cases from the census (sample of 12,589 patients) of pregnancy-induced hypertension (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia).
 Results: Hypertensive cases complicating pregnancy of the foetal deliveries conducted during the study period, out of which Gestational hypertension (GTN) cases reported were 44. Preeclampsia (PE) cases were 39, severe preeclampsia (SPE) were 1 and Eclampsia cases were 21. Labetalol alone was used in 62 cases, and 44 babies were born without any complications. As an anticonvulsant magnesium sulphate (MgSO4, 7H2O) was used in all cases of imminent eclampsia and eclampsia (MgSO4 PRITCHARD Regime) in a total number of 38 cases. Preterm / prematurity was the most common cause of perinatal death. The total number of NICU admissions was 42 (40 %).
 Conclusions: The early use of anti-hypertensive drugs, the optimum timing of delivery, strict fluid balance, and anticonvulsants in cases of eclampsia will help to achieve a successful outcome. Early transfer to a specialist centre is important, and the referral centres should be well-equipped to treat critically ill patients.
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Meduri, Amritha Aurora, Laxmi Aravelli, Kundena Srilaxmi, and Swathi Rallabhandi. "A clinical study of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality in gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 10–22. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2023.002786.
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In India, hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy are common and continue to be responsible for the largest proportion of perinatal deaths resulting from prematurity and IUGR and are major contributors to perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim: The present study is undertaken to analyse the cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia, including consequences concerning preterm delivery, IUGR, IUD and stillbirth and for the evaluation of a safe motherhood program at the population level. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 105 selected cases from the census (sample of 12,589 patients) of pregnancy-induced hypertension (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia). Results: Hypertensive cases complicating pregnancy of the foetal deliveries conducted during the study period, out of which Gestational hypertension (GTN) cases reported were 44. Preeclampsia (PE) cases were 39, severe preeclampsia (SPE) were 1 and Eclampsia cases were 21. Labetalol alone was used in 62 cases, and 44 babies were born without any complications. As an anticonvulsant magnesium sulphate (MgSO4, 7H2O) was used in all cases of imminent eclampsia and eclampsia (MgSO4 PRITCHARD Regime) in a total number of 38 cases. Preterm / prematurity was the most common cause of perinatal death. The total number of NICU admissions was 42 (40 %). Conclusions: The early use of anti-hypertensive drugs, the optimum timing of delivery, strict fluid balance, and anticonvulsants in cases of eclampsia will help to achieve a successful outcome. Early transfer to a specialist centre is important, and the referral centres should be well-equipped to treat critically ill patients.
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Thombarapu, Uma, Aruna Devi Dwarampudi, and Prabha Devi Kodey. "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in preeclampsia." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 1 (2019): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20196048.
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Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy is a clinico-radiological syndrome marked by headache, altered mental status, seizures, visual disturbances, and extensive white-matter changes, also known as hyper perfusion encephalopathy, brain capillary leak syndrome, and hypertensive encephalopathy. This syndrome was a possible consequence of several medical conditions but especially in pregnancy it is associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Objective of this study was to know the incidence and analyze the clinical features, biochemical, and radiological abnormalities in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a complication of preeclampsia.Methods: This was a one-year cross-sectional analytical study conducted at NRI general hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur of patients with the diagnosis of PRES. Data was obtained from medical records and analyzed them in terms of mean for continuous variables and percentages for categorical data.Results: Total no of patients diagnosed as PRES were 16 out of 127 patients of preeclampsia. Among them, 14 presented with eclampsia, and two presented with severe preeclampsia and imminent symptoms of eclampsia. Headache was the most common symptom (100%). PRES occurred at a peak SBP of ≥160 mmHg in 75% cases and peak DBP of ≥110 mmHg in 50% cases. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was ≥600 in 56.25% and serum uric acid level ≥6 in 50% of patients of PRES. The drug of choice was magnesium sulfate.Conclusions: Neuroimaging abnormality is a definitive component in the diagnosis of PRES. These cerebral abnormalities are vital components in the pathogenesis of eclampsia. Considerable number of patients of preeclampsia might develop PRES even without eclampsia, with mild elevation in BP, serum LDH, and serum uric acid levels.
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Devabhaktuni, Pratibha, Mahita Reddy Addula, Malati Ponnur, Bhavana Kasu, Shobha Ramakoti, and Harita Reddy. "Management of Eclampsia and Imminent Eclampsia, Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in 666 Cases—2003-2007 at Government Maternity Hospital in Hyderabad." Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 07, no. 02 (2017): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2017.72021.
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S.Sharmila, Kumari, Jayasree V., V. Padmaja K., and Sai Navya Vaddeboyina. "Comparative Study of the Standard Pritchard Regimen and Low Dose Dhaka Regimen of Magnesium Sulphate in the Management of Severe Preeclampsia and Eclampsia." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 14, no. 4 (2024): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12790814.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Pre eclampsia and eclampsia are responsible for more than 50,000 maternal fatalities worldwide. Controlling convulsions is the first rule in the treatment of eclampsia. Magnesium sulphate is the anticonvulsant medication of choice for both preventing and treating eclampsia, but its toxicities are dose-related, which is a serious issue. In many low-income nations, the medicine is only sometimes used due to unwarranted concern over these risks. Reducing the toxicity of magnesium sulphate without sacrificing its effectiveness in preventing seizures and reducing mortality rates is still a difficult task. <strong>Aim of the study: </strong>To study the effectiveness of low dose Magnesium sulphate Regimen- Dhaka Regimen in Eclampsia and to compare the effects of Standard regimen (Pritchard) to low dose regimen (Dhaka). <strong>Materials & Methods:</strong> This was a Prospective Clinical Study, Government Maternity Hospital attached to SVMC, Tirupati done in 200 pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia, imminent eclampsia & eclampsia attending to Govt Maternity Hospital, Tirupati for a period of one year. <strong>Results:</strong> Unbooked cases of Pritchard regimen group were 94% and Dhaka regimen were 89%. Most of the cases were primigravida (67.5%). 44% were above 37 weeks. Level of consciousness of the patients in the 2 groups not differs significantly. No significant differences between 2 groups in number of convulsions before admission. Majority of the cases in both groups have SBP >160 mm Hg and Majority of the cases have DBP of 100-110 mm Hg. Out of 100 cases in Dhaka regimen group, 17 cases were augmented with oxytocin, 19 cases with PGE2, 57 cases with misoprostol. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In women with eclampsia, magnesium sulphate is the anticonvulsant medication of choice. For smaller women, the Dhaka Regimen at a low dose appears to effectively regulate and avoid seizures. The current study offers more convincing evidence in favor of using magnesium sulphate frequently to treat eclampsia convulsions. Clinical surveillance seems suitable as long as there is enough urine output. There is no difference between the two magnesium sulphate regimens in terms of maternal mortality, perinatal death, maternal morbidity, or caesarean section rates.
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Bhavani, Kamanchi, Sumathi R., Sravanthi Jyothsna, and Bhumireddy Karuna. "Comparative Study of the Standard Pritchard Regimen and Low Dose Dhaka Regimen of Magnesium Sulphate in the Management of Severe PreEclampsia and Eclampsia." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 12 (2023): 934–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11195424.
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<strong>Background: </strong>We wanted to evaluate the Standard Pritchard Regimen and Low Dose Dhaka Regimen of Magnesium Sulphate in the management of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, assess the effects of magnesium sulphate regimens and investigate the efficacy of the Dhaka Regimen (a low dosage regimen), in eclampsia, compare Standard regimen (PRITCHARD) with low dose regimen (DHAKA) with regard to the effectiveness in controlling of convulsions in eclampsia, and compare the magnesium related toxicity in both the regimens in this study. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was a hospital based prospective randomized clinical study conducted among 200 pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia, imminent eclampsia & eclampsia attending the Government Maternity Hospital attached to SVMC, Tirupati, for 1 year after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants. <strong>Results: </strong>In parity study, 135 cases were primigravida (67.5%) (Primigravidas >multigravidas). 65 cases (32%) were multigravida. Majority of the cases were primigravida in both the regimens. P- value was 0.004 which was statistically significant. In SBP, majority of the cases had SBP (>160) in DHAKA regimen i.e. 61% and in Pritchard regimen 48%. P-value was 0.02 which was statistically significant. In admission delivery interval in hours, it showed that mean duration of ADI for DHAKA regimen was 13.45 hours and Pritchard was 11.81 hours. Majority of the cases in DHAKA regimen had more delivery interval in hours. P-value was statistically insignificant. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study offers more convincing evidence in favour of using magnesium sulphate frequently to treat eclampsia convulsions. Clinical surveillance seems suitable as long as there is enough urine output. There is no difference between the two magnesium sulphate regimens in terms of maternal mortality, perinatal death, maternal morbidity, or caesarean section rates. The research amply demonstrates that the Dhaka regimen is nearly similar to Pritchard protocol for the prevention and management of convulsions.
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Bindu Malini, M., Vidhi K. Anklesaria, Anita T. Girish, HV Soumya, Shantanu Gulati, and Vinaayak Mehta. "Posterior reverse encephalopathy syndrome with myriad of etiologies and presentations." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports 3, no. 4 (2023): 1150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_176_23.
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We hereby report cases of posterior reverse encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) with varying etiologies, presentations, and treatment outcomes. In this series, amongst four cases of PRES with sudden diminution of vision, two were male patients with high blood pressure, one was a case of pulmonary tuberculosis, and one case of imminent eclampsia. All patients were treated with respect to underlying etiopathology. Although appalling at presentation, the cases showed marked improvement clinically within the first week. There is need for high index of suspicion, and improvement of clinical condition suggests excellent prognosis in PRES cases.
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G, Swetha, Sushma G, and Swathi K. "Role of intravenous labetalol in the treatment of severe pre eclampsia and eclampsia." Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 15, no. 1 (2025): 93–98. https://doi.org/10.18231/pjms.v.15.i.1.93-98.
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Background: Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy complicates about 5-10% of all pregnancies. Severepreeclampsia and eclampsia are the severe forms of hypertension leading to multisystem dysfunction. Earlyidentification of the disease and prevention of complications helps in improved maternal and fetal outcome.Labetalol is a potential drug used in the treatment of acute hypertension. It is used in treating preeclampsiato prevent eclampsia. Hence we would like to study the safety and efficacy of intermittent intravenousLabetalol in the control of severe hypertension in pregnancy and its effect on fetomaternal outcome.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the Department of Obstetrics andGynaecology, Gandhi Medical College from December 2010 to September 2012. A total of 100 patientsdiagnosed as severe preeclampsia and eclampsia are included in the study. Primigravida and multigravidawith severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational age >20 weeks and postpartum eclampsia were includedin the study. All the patients who met inclusion criteria were given intravenous labetalol of 20mg andrepeated the dose if the blood pressure still found to be high after 15 minutes. Monitoring continued tilltarget blood pressure achieved till termination of pregnancy.Results: In my study 79% of women had severe preeclampsia and 21% had eclampsia. The study showed59% of women were primigravida and majority were of young age. 80% of women showed very highblood pressure recordings between 160/110 - 180/110 mmHg. Only 3.8% of women with blood pressure >160/110 mmHg were given MgSO4 after giving intravenous labetalol due to presence of imminent signs.74% of women showed Grade I fundal changes and 5% had retinal detachment. Among the severe preeclamptic women, the mean difference of reduction in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure after tenminutes of giving intravenous labetalol was highly significant (p < 0.001). Following intravenous Labetalolonly 1.2% developed eclampsia.Conclusion: Labetalol has improved efficacy to MgSO4 with lack for intensive monitoring of bloodmagnesium levels and suitability for use by primary health care personnel. The study proves it is devoid ofmaternal and foetal side effects with good perinatal outcome.
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Priyamvadha, P. Meenakshi, R. Kala, and A. Kumar. "Maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia: a hospital based prospective study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 6 (2022): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221441.
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Background: The aim was to study maternal and fetal outcomes in pre-eclamptic mothers and to study sociodemographic distribution, severity of preeclampsia.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Government head quarters hospital, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, for 12 months (October 2019 to September 2020). 108 preeclamptic mothers between 32-39 weeks of gestational age who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were studied consecutively.Results: Among 108 participants, 52.7% were primi, 69.4% belonged to SE class-IV, 45.4% were between 21-25 years, 44.4% were referral cases, 60.1% had BMI >25 kg/m2, 79.6% had late onset preeclampsia, 11.1% had preterm delivery. LSCS rate was 81.5% with most common indication fetal distress 22.7% then oligohydraminos 18.2%. Recurrent preeclampsia among patients with previous childbirth was 48.6%. Maternal complications were 17.6% severe preeclampsia, 13% PPH, 3.7% abruption, 3.7% antepartum eclampsia, 1.9% postpartum eclampsia. 25.9% patients got admitted in maternal ICU. 68.4% of the severe preeclamptic patients were treated with MgSO4 regimen. 6.48% of patients had imminent symptoms. 11.1% neonates had APGAR score 4-6. Neonatal complications 30.5% LBW, 33.3% SGA, 14.8% FGR, 1.9% still birth and 0.9% IUFD. 48.6% neonates were admitted in NICU. There was no maternal mortality in this study.Conclusions: Fetomaternal morbidities of preeclampsia is reduced by emphasising early registration and admission, providing adequate nutrition through existing government schemes, educating women on significance of routine antenatal check up at PHCs with BP monitoring, albuminuria evaluation and clinical evaluation of fundal height at each visit. Screening Doppler and growth scan done for timely intervention.
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Peracoli, Jose C., Patricia B. Silva, Haroldo M. Neves, et al. "O-006. Modulatory effect of two regimens of magnesium sulfate on the systemic inflammatory response in pregnant women with eclampsia or imminent eclampsia." Pregnancy Hypertension 25 (September 2021): e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.preghy.2021.07.030.
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Agrawal, Pawan Kumar Bajaj, B. Gauchan, S. K. Dhungana, and L. Wong. "Complex partial seizure with postictal aggression as a presentation of atypical eclampsia: a case report." Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences 1, no. 3 (2018): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v1i3.24155.
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Background: Complex partial seizure with sudden onset in near term pregnancy can be challenging to the attending clinician and it is essential to proceed with a presumptive diagnosis of eclampsia, especially in resource poor settings. Unlike generalized tonic clonic seizures, which are more common in eclampsia, complex partial seizures may not jeopardize the fetus with the same severity. However the associated postictal aggression manifested in self-inflicted trauma poses an imminent risk onto the fetus.
 Case presentation: A nineteen year old gravida two para one living zero woman presented with seizure at thirty six weeks and three days of gestation in a district hospital. The blood pressure recordings during her entire pregnancy were normal and proteinuria was not present. Her previous pregnancy had a similar course, with self-inflicted trauma to her abdomen in a postictal state and resulted in loss of fetus. She did not have any seizures in between then and the current admission. While being managed in the labor ward, the family physicians witnessed complex partial seizure with postictal aggression. The delivery was expedited with caesarean section and she had no further seizure activity.
 Conclusion: Complex partial seizures with postictal aggression in pregnancy are rare but can be an atypical presentation of eclampsia and poses a diagnostic dilemma to the clinician.
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M., Srija, Nithya P., and Abinaya. "A Study on Maternal and Neonatal Outcome in Severe Preeclampsia." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 8 (2024): 155–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13381497.
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<strong>Introduction: </strong>Preeclampsia is best described as a pregnancy – specific syndrome that can affect virtually every organ system. Incidence of Preeclampsia is identified in 4 to 5% of all pregnancies. Hypertension in pregnancy is diagnosed, Preeclampsia is defined as increase in blood pressure, severe preeclampsia is characterized by the presence of evidence of multi organ involvement. The more profound the imminent signs and symptoms, the most likely that delivery will be required. This study has been conducted to study the effect of severe preeclampsia on pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcome. <strong>Aim of the Study: </strong>To study the prevalence of severe preeclampsia in relation to age, Parity and immunized. To study the incidence of various maternal complications and indications of preeclampsia, fetal outcome and complications, reduce the maternal mortality and morbidity. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>This is prospective observational study conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care hospital. It includes analysis of methods and indications of induction in severe preeclampsia, maternal and neonatal outcome in severe preeclampsia All patients with severe preeclampsia admitted in labour ward at our hospital who meet the below mentioned criteria were included in the study. Complete history taking, signs and symptoms of imminent eclampsia are noted. All patients required termination of pregnancy for various reasons. General condition of the patient was evaluated obstetric examination was carried out. PIH investigations were carried out. <strong>Results: </strong>Pre-eclampsia is more prevalent in both developed and developing countries contributing to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It will produce maternal syndrome. It includes Hypertension, proteinuria and with or without edema. Fetal syndrome includes foetal growth restriction, reduced amiotic fluid, and abnormal placentation. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early booking and regular antenatal BP checkup and monitoring imminent symptoms plays a major role in reducing the complications of severe preeclampsia. Earlier detection of complication and proper management plays a key role in the management of severe preeclampsia. Termination of pregnancy should be considered in all cases of severe preeclampsia based on maternal and neonatal condition. The maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality was reduced significantly with effective management at all levels of health centers.
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France, John, and Projestine S. Muganyizi. "Characteristics of symptoms of imminent eclampsia: A case referent study from a tertiary hospital in Tanzania." Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 02, no. 03 (2012): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2012.23065.
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Goyal, Preeti, Payam Kumar Shukla, Priyanka Meena, Bharti Saxena, Rajendra Prasad Rawat, and Santosh Meena. "FETOMATERNAL OUTCOME IN EARLY ONSET SEVERE PRE ECLAMPSIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 06 (2023): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17058.
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Introduction:Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder occurring exclusively during pregnancy whose exact etiology is yet unknown. It occurs in approximately 5-7% of pregnancies. Early onset preeclampsia (<34 weeks gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies and is often associated with maternal morbidity as the riskof progresÂsionto severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset. Material And Methods:100 pregnant women admitted to labor room in the department of OBG, Govt. medical college,Kota Rajasthan between 1 February 2021 – 31 January 2022who fulfilled the criteria ( Gestational age ≥ 24 weeks &< 34 weeks , diastolic BP ≥ 110 mm Hg, with any features of severe pre eclampsia ) were included in this study . Results:In the present study, Out of 100 patients of early onset severe preeclampsia was more common in Primigravida 59(59%)in the age group of 21-30 years. Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 31weeks 3 days ± 2weeks 3 days. Most underwent termination of pregnancy after 32 weeks. Maternal indication was found to be the most common cause for termination. 31(31%) patients of the total experienced complication like imminent eclampsia, HELLP syndrome ,Acute renal failure and abruption placentae . 65 (65%) delivered by caesarean section. Mean birthweight was 1.59 kg ± 0.5kgand neonatal complication rate was 71(71%). Conclusion:Early onset severe preeclampsia is associated with significant maternal and fetal complications. Decision regarding termination of pregnancy has to be taken based on both maternal and fetal factors.
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Jagadeesan, Nithya, Aishwarya Sudhager, and Goutham Seralathan. "Diabetic nephropathy unmasked in pregnancy: a case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 7 (2024): 1842–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20241785.
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Nephropathy complicates 5-10% of pregnancies in women with diabetes and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Degree of renal impairment and proteinuria in early pregnancy predicts pregnancy outcome. Diabetes presenting as nephropathy at diagnosis is less frequent. We report a case of biopsy proven diabetic nephropathy that was diagnosed during second trimester of pregnancy when she presented with early onset preeclampsia with nephrotic range proteinuria, moderate anemia. Anti hypertensives and insulin were titrated. She was on strict antepartum fetal surveillance. She had periodic follow up with nephrologist. Caesarean section was performed at 33 weeks because of imminent eclampsia with transverse lie. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Control of hypertension is cornerstone in the management as this delays the progression of the disease.
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Mirzaeva, Dilfuza Botirjonovna, and Das Sharodiya. "Diagnostic and prognostic value of platelet indices as a potential biomarker in preeclampsia: a case-control study in a maternity hospital at Tashkent." International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research 5, no. 2 (2025): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/volume05issue02-18.
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Background: Globally, preeclampsia (PE), a serious pregnancy complication, is the cause of mother and fetal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia and eclampsia together account for 10 to 15% of direct maternal deaths. It is distinguished by the development of proteinuria and hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy. In this study, the impact of platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) on the development of preeclampsia in patients will be examined, and their relationship to the severity of the condition will be assessed. Methods: 58 pregnant women participated in a case-control study in Tashkent, with 30 age-matched normotensive controls and 28 preeclamptic (mild: n=15; severe: n=13). Results: The platelet count was lowest in patients with severe preeclampsia and considerably lower in preeclamptic patients than in controls. With a rising trend in severe preeclampsia, MPV and PDW were significantly higher in preeclampsia (p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure and MPV had a significant correlation (r=0.56, p=0.001), while PDW and hypertension had a moderate correlation (r=0.46, p=0.013). In conclusion, platelet indices—specifically MPV and PDW—have the potential to serve as indicators of preeclampsia severity. In clinical practice, their prognostic implications can aid in early risk assessment and management, thereby averting imminent eclampsia.
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Jha, Nivedita, Divya Bhukya, Shruthi Shreenivas Subhedhar, Sasirekha Rengaraj, Haritha Sagili, and Veena P. "Co-existence of hypertensive urgency and hemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome in a parturient with myasthenia gravis: a therapeutic challenge." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 4 (2022): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20220922.
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Hemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP syndrome) is an obstetric emergency developed in the settings of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and it is associated with a heightened risk of adverse fetomaternal outcomes. Obstetric and anaesthetic management is indeed challenging in HELLP syndrome. The presence of myasthenia gravis further complicates the managements issues in these women. Here, in this report, we describe a 35 years G2P1L1 known case of myasthenia gravis, who presented in emergency with uncontrolled hypertension, imminent eclampsia and HELLP syndrome at 29+1 weeks of gestation. Antihypertensive medication included hydralazine, alpha methyldopa, infusions of labetolol and nitroglycerine. She underwent successful vaginal delivery using fentanyl as labour analgesia. Prompt decision making using multidisciplinary team appeared vital in controlling the hypertension adequately and quickly without aggravating myasthenic crisis.
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Peraçoli, José C., Patricia B. Silva, Haroldo M. Neves, et al. "Modulatory effect of two regimens of magnesium sulfate on the systemic inflammatory response in pregnant women with imminent eclampsia." Pregnancy Hypertension 29 (August 2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.preghy.2022.06.002.
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Vijayalakshmi, M., S.S. Gayathri, P.V. Balamurugan, and Synthiah S. Agnes. "Study of the Spectrum of the Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 2 (2023): 1340–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12903776.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) are a spectrum of disorders which ranges from already existing chronic hypertension in the index pregnancy to complex multisystem disorders like preeclampsia which may lead on to the complications like eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, acute renal failure, pulmonary edema, stroke and left ventricular failure. This study was done to analyse the clinical spectrum of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and also to determine the outcomes of pregnancies associated with hypertension in all patients who visited in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Govt. Sivagangai Medical College and Hospital, Tertiary care centre, Sivagangai from Jan 2022 to Dec 2022. <strong>Aim of Study:</strong> (1) To analyse the epidemiological factors, complications of Hypertensive disorders spectrum in pregnancy in a tertiary care centre. (2) To analyse the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies associated with hypertension. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A prospective analysis was conducted in all antenatal women diagnosed with Hypertension and follow up was done in the puerperium at Govt. Sivagangai Medical College and Hospital (a tertiary care hospital) over a period of 1 year from January 2022 to December 2022. Inclusion criteria Antenatal women with BP more than 140/90 on two occasions six hours apart were included regardless of the Gestational age Exclusion criteria Antenatal mothers with normal Blood pressure irrespective of Gestational age. <strong>Results:</strong> In our study it was found that, among the 4944 mothers who had delivered in the hospital during the period of Jan 2022 to Dec 2022, 476 had Hypertension (9.6%). In this study, 12.6% were aged under 20 years and 31.2% were aged over 30 years and majority were in the age group of 20 yrs to 30 yrs (56.2%). Among the maternal morbidity, 30.3% constitute imminent eclampsia. Because of immediate diagnosis and management, further complications were prevented in these patients About 4.1% patients had eclampsia, of which 2.52% constitute Antepartum Eclampsia and 1.6% Postpartum eclampsia. In all Eclampsia patients, MRI brain was taken and found to have PRES changes in about 1.6% of cases. 3.4% cases were HELLP syndrome. Out of 476 patients, we had only one maternal death which constitute about 0.21% due to HELLP syndrome. Regarding Perinatal outcome, 28.1% babies had IUGR, which is one of the expected complications of hypertension disorders in early third trimester. 2.5% of babies were Intrauterine death occurred in 2.5%. 22.1% babies were delivered pre-term in view of hypertensive disorder to safeguard maternal life. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study shows that prevalence of Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy was 9.6% in Sivagangai district among 21 to 30 yrs with majority of primigravida. The knowledge of risk factors for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy will aid in prevention of morbidity in this population. Early diagnosis and treatment by regular antenatal check-up are a key to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its complications.
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Dr, Rabia Khalid Dr. Aisha Naveed Dr. Ayesha Ejaz. "A CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH TO ASSESS THE OCCURRENCE OF FETAL, MATERNAL AND NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS IN PREECLAMPSIA." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 06 (2019): 12638–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3252534.
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<strong><em>Objective: </em></strong><em>The objective of this research was to assess the occurrence of neonatal, fetal and maternal complications in preeclampsia.</em> <strong><em>Patient and Method: </em></strong><em>We completed this cross-sectional research at Services Hospital, Lahore from February to July 2018 on a total of 200 patients. These patients were hospitalized due to preeclampsia carrying singleton fetus with a gestational age of more than twenty weeks. We did not include patients having medical complications before getting pregnant such as renal impairment, diabetes mellitus and hypertension through examination and history. We also excluded patients diagnosed with fetal congenital anomalies as observed through ultrasonography.</em> <strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The mean age of Group – I was (25.65 ± 2.38) years and for Group – II (25 ± 2.76) years. For unbooking status 76 women (60%) were un-booked in Group – I and 60 women (82%) were un-booked in Group – II. of group-2 women were un-booked. Imminent eclampsia was reported in Group – I & II respectively as 0.78% and 33%. In terms of eclampsia in both groups Group – I and II presented respective proportions of 0.78% and 10%.</em> <strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Preeclampsia has an association with adverse obstetric outcomes and higher risks depending on the severity of preeclampsia. The neonatal, fetal and maternal outcomes can be made better with extending better antenatal care facilities among pregnant women.</em> <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Obstetric, Preeclampsia, Risk Factor, Booking Status, Maternal, Neonatal and Fetal.</em>
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A. V., Deepak, Reena R. P., and Deepa Anirudhan. "Fetal and maternal outcome following expectant management of severe pre-eclampsia remote from term." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 12 (2017): 5420. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175253.
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Background: Expectant management of severe preeclampsia, remote from term is often a difficult decision. Maternal and foetal complications may occur while trying to achieve a more favourable perinatal outcome. We wanted to find out the foetal and maternal outcomes of expectant management in these women.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Government Medical College, Thrissur, India between May 2013 and April 2015. Women with severe preeclampsia remote from term, who were admitted, managed expectantly and delivered in our hospital during the study period, were recruited. The study subjects were grouped into: Group A (between 28 weeks and 31 weeks 6 days) and Group B (between 32 weeks and 33 weeks 6 days). A structured proforma was used to collect demographic and clinical details. The maternal and foetal outcomes were noted.Results: There were 4786 deliveries during the study period. Among them 76 (1.58% of total deliveries) women with severe preeclampsia between 28 weeks and 33-week 6 days gestation on expectant management were included in the study. The mean duration of expectant management was 7.92 days in group A (27 women) and 6.67 days in group B (49 women). Most women required termination of pregnancy for foetal distress (36.8%). HELLP syndrome and imminent eclampsia were the maternal complications that occurred. Perinatal loss was significantly more in Group A when compared to Group B.Conclusions: Expectant management of women with severe preeclampsia remote from term, especially between 32weeks and 33weeks 6 days, with antenatal corticosteroids and close monitoring, seems a reasonable option in developing countries.
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A., Esther Kamalarani, Ramyajothi ., and Ramalakshmi S. "The impact of maternal obesity on maternal and fetal outcome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 1 (2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20196005.
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Background: Obesity continues to be a global health concern. Although the increasing obesity rates in developed countries has slowed down in the past 10 years, obesity rates in developing countries continue to increase, as much as three times in some developing countries over the past 30 years. The aim of the study was to determine the adverse effects of obesity in pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: In all patients, a detailed history was taken and examinations and investigations were carried out. Based on BMI (body mass index), patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 = patients with BMI >30 kg/m2 and Group 2 = patients with BMI <30 kg /m2.Results: In our study, comparing pregnant mothers with BMI >30 kg/m2 and normal BMI, authors found that the prevalence of maternal and fetal complications was higher in the obese group. Prevalence of antenatal complications like gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, imminent eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus requiring control with insulin was higher in obese women.Conclusions: Obesity is associated with increased adverse effects on pregnancy and its outcome.
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Hangarga, U. S., Rita D., and K. Harshitha. "Comparative study of labetalol and nifedipine in management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 1 (2016): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164656.
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Background: Hypertensive disorders complicate 5 to 10 percent of all pregnancies, and together they are one member of the deadly triad, of haemorrhage and infection.Methods: The Present study was conducted at Navodaya Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur from January 2014 to December 2015. The efficacy of labetalol verses nifedipine in management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was studied. The study consisted of 100 antenatal patients irrespective of parity and gestational age from 20-40weeks patients, with severe PIH with imminent eclampsia. Heart diseases, Hematological disorders, Liver diseases renal diseases and Bronchial asthma were excluded from the study.Results: In the study, fall in mean arterial pressure of >20mm Hg was noted 6hrs after initiation of treatment in nifedipine group which is statistically significant; no statistical significance was observed in both groups at 12hrs. A fall of mean arterial pressure to normal was noted at 48hrs and 72 hrs in labetalol, which is statistically highly significant.Conclusions: The present study indicates labetalol to be a better anti-hypertensive in terms of control of hypertension, mode of vaginal delivery and fetal outcome.
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Singh, Akhileshwar, Sanjay Singh, and Shakti Vardhan. "A rare case of post-partum cerebral venous sinus thrombosis." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 2 (2018): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180211.
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Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare neurologic emergency during pregnancy. Life threatening complications can be prevented if it is detected and treated well in time. A 24 years P2L3A2 lady, who had undergone elective caesarean delivery developed sudden onset severe episodic parieto-occipital headache and bilateral diminution of vision on 4th post-partum day. She had no known risk factors for thrombosis. There was no history suggestive of sepsis or pre-eclampsia. On clinical examination her blood pressure was found to be very high (164-180/104-110 mm Hg). There was no sensory or motor deficit. Relevant haematological and biochemical investigations were within normal limits. Urinary protein was negative. With a provisional diagnosis of imminent eclampsia, she was put on antihypertensive and Magnesium Sulphate. However, in view of persistence of the symptoms even after 24 hours, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) was done, which revealed venous infarction in occipital cortex and subcortical white matter. Magnetic resonance (MR) venography confirmed thrombus in left transverse and sigmoid sinuses. Thus, definitive treatment in the form of heparin in therapeutic doses was started. Antihypertensive was continued and prophylactic anticonvulsant was added in view of presence of the infarction. Patient responded well. Vision improved, and headache resolved completely. The patient was discharged on antihypertensive, anticonvulsant and vitamin K antagonist (Warfarin sodium) with an advice of regular follow-up. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon entity and a high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose it at an earlier stage for timely initiation of treatment and prevention of complications. Prognosis in pregnant cases is better than that during a non-pregnant state.
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Devabhaktuni, Pratibha, Malathi Ponnuru, Lahari Reddy Vangala, Lavanya Bommakanti, Maljini Nawinne, and Suneetha Komatlapalli. "HELLP syndrome on the rise: a major cause of maternal deaths." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 6 (2022): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221433.
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Background: In the recent years, 2021 to 2022, there has been a sudden rise in the number of HELLP syndrome cases admitted to Modern Government Maternity Hospital, (MGMH) / Osmania Medical College. There were maternal deaths due to complications secondary to HELLP syndrome. Complications like placental abruption, DIC, PPH, PRAKI, pulmonary edema, were responsible for maternal deaths. The need for blood products has increased enormously. In our earlier study of eclampsia and imminent eclampsia from the same Institute, during 2004 to 2007, we did not find HELLP syndrome to be a major cause of maternal deaths. Hence, we proceeded with in depth study of the complications, morbidity and mortality and some management issues related to HELLP syndrome. All 70 cases of HELLP in this study had associated Preeclampsia/eclampsia.Methods: This is a prospective analytical observational study of 70 cases of HELLP syndrome.Results: Recurrent preeclampsia was noted in 6÷45=13.33%. Cases of hypothyroidism were observed in 6÷45=13.33%. There were four sets of twins, 8.88%. Placental abruption was noted in 10/70 women with HELLP, 14.28%, DIC occurred in 15÷70=21.42%, PPH occurred in 11÷45 cases, 24.44%, PRAKI was recorded in 16/70 patients, 22.85%, Pulmonary edema occurred in 5/70, 7.14%, PPCM in cases with HELLP syndrome were 2÷70=2.85%, Abdominal delivery was needed in 53÷70=75.71%, Maternal mortality in the present study was10÷70=14.28%, The perinatal mortality was 21.33%. Blood products were needed in 22/45 cases, (9.136) units on the average.Conclusions: Dissemination of knowledge that immediate delivery should be planned in all cases of HELLP, irrespective of gestational age is the need of the hour. Postponing delivery would lead to complications.
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Muralinath, E., H.S. Singh, Digamber D. Vijay, et al. "Drugs Acting on Fetal Growth Abnormalities: A Comprehensive Overview." Journal of Obstetric, Gynaecological and Birth Nursing 2, no. 1 (2024): 23–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10776509.
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<em>Fetal growth abnormalities p</em><em>o</em><em>se a challenge on a significant manner to maternal and child health, influencing well_ being of both mother and baby. Many factors such as environmental, genetic and maternal conditions, can correlate with deviations particularly in fetal growth. Folic acid is a critical B_ vitamin that plays an important role in fetal development particularly in the early stages of pregnancy. Deficiencies of folic acid can result in neural tube defects as well as growth abnormalities. Growth hormone therapy activates skeletal and organ growth particularly regarding the development of fetus. Low_ </em><em>dose</em><em> aspirin helps in stopping pre_ eclampsia and fetal growth. Pre eclampsia, a condition manifested by high blood pressure, can result in restricted blood flow to the fetus, influencing it's growth.</em><em> </em><em>Corticosteroids</em><em> </em><em>namely betametha</em><em>s</em><em>one, are used if preterm birth is imminent. These drugs</em><em> </em><em>assist in enhancing fetal lung maturation and decrease the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), frequently associated with preterm births. Antibiotics may be preferred to treat infections, stopping their potential impact on the developing fetus Gestational diabetes plays an important role regarding</em><em> </em><em>fetal over growth (macrosimia). An administration of magnesium sulfate is required especially in cases of preterm labor to provide protection to the fetal brain especially from potential damage. It is essentially is seen in Cerebral palsy. Finally it is concluded that drugs</em><em> </em><em>play a critical role especially in managing </em><em>t</em><em>hese </em><em>abnormalities.</em>